A multifunctional anti-gravity casting device and casting method

Abstract

A multifunctional counter-gravity casting device and casting method of the present invention belong to the field of counter-gravity casting; it includes an upper chamber module, a lower chamber module, a vacuum constant pressure system, and an argon constant pressure system. The upper chamber module includes an upper chamber that can rotate centrifugally and is independently sealed. The lower chamber module includes a sealing assembly and a lower chamber, and the independent sealing of the lower chamber and the overall sealing after the connection of the upper chamber and the lower chamber are realized through the sealing assembly. The vacuum constant pressure system and the argon constant pressure system are respectively communicated with the upper chamber and the lower chamber through pipelines, and a vacuum control valve and an argon control valve are respectively installed on the connecting pipelines to control the pressures of the upper chamber and the lower chamber, so as to realize multifunctional counter-gravity casting. The present invention is applicable to the multifunctional counter-gravity casting of various metals and their alloys, and can realize the multifunctional integration of the counter-gravity casting device. The lower chamber of the present invention can realize the functions of vacuum melting and atmosphere protection melting of alloys.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of anti-gravity casting, and particularly relates to a multi-functional anti-gravity casting device and a casting method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of precision casting technology, metal and its alloy castings used in industrial fields such as aviation, aerospace, transportation, and electric power are continuously developing towards the direction of complex integration, thin-wall and hollowing, and gradually tend to be the integration of structure and function. This requires castings to have higher mechanical properties, higher dimensional accuracy, higher dimensional stability, and more excellent fatigue performance and service life. The structure of new precision castings mainly shows large-size effect, variable cross-section effect, and large-area thin-wall effect, and the castings have requirements such as high dimensional accuracy and small machining allowance. For the large-size effect of castings, the molten metal shows long-range flow during filling, the filling time is long, and it is difficult to compensate for shrinkage during the solidification process. When the deformation laws of the mold material and the metal material are not well understood, it will be difficult to meet the high dimensional accuracy requirements of large-size castings. For the variable cross-section effect, there are thick and large parts locally, and shrinkage porosity, hot cracks and other defects are likely to appear in these parts during the solidification process. For the large-area thin-wall feature, the minimum wall thickness of the casting is generally 2-4 mm, and even ultra-thin wall features as thin as 0.5 mm appear in some local areas. The surface tension and viscous force will increase the filling resistance of the alloy liquid and affect the filling integrity of the casting. Secondly, the internal metallurgical quality of the casting is one of the key factors affecting the service performance of the casting. Reducing the oxidation inclusions in the alloy liquid is beneficial to improving the performance of the casting, which meets the development needs of current precision castings.

[0003] Traditional gravity casting is difficult to meet the forming requirements of large thin-wall complex castings. In order to solve the problems such as difficult filling and difficult control of microstructure-property optimization during the forming process of large thin-wall complex castings, in recent years, anti-gravity casting methods for metal materials such as aluminum alloy and magnesium alloy have been developed, such as: low-pressure casting method, differential pressure casting method, vacuum suction casting method, pressure-regulating casting method, etc. The anti-gravity casting method is a casting forming method using pressure difference for pouring. Under the action of an external pressure, the molten metal or alloy liquid fills from bottom to top along the direction opposite to gravity, and the casting is obtained by solidifying from top to bottom during the solidification process. The anti-gravity casting technology has a wide and excellent research foundation and industrial application in the 'near-net' casting forming of large thin-wall complex aluminum and magnesium alloy components, and has shown obvious advantages in solving the forming of complex thin-wall castings. Various anti-gravity casting devices have been successfully applied to the production of various metal and its alloy castings. However, currently, the anti-gravity casting devices generally have problems such as single function, complex structure, and complex operation process.

[0004] The high-temperature alloy casting device and casting method disclosed in the prior art can produce complex thin-walled integral castings of high-temperature alloys that are difficult to cast by traditional methods, solve the filling problem of complex thin-walled castings during casting, and obtain precision castings with high dimensional accuracy; however, the device has problems such as single function and the need for multiple hoisting to the tank body, and the docking structure of the upper and lower tank bodies limits the development of the equipment. For example, when the tank body is small, the anti-gravity filling characteristics and the crucible capacity limit the continuity of production. When the tank body is large, the longer vacuum time and the increased tank weight will undoubtedly worsen the production safety of the equipment.

[0005] The centrifugal counter-gravity casting method and equipment disclosed in the prior art can realize counter-gravity filling of molten metal and solidification under centrifugal conditions, and can produce multiple castings at the same time, with a product qualification rate of ≥80%. However, the equipment can only realize vacuum suction casting and centrifugal solidification, and does not yet have multiple counter-gravity casting functions.

[0006] The multifunctional special casting melting furnace disclosed in the prior art has four functions of gravity casting, centrifugal casting, anti-gravity suction casting and spray casting. Although the equipment realizes multifunctional special casting applications, it cannot realize multiple anti-gravity casting functions, and there are shortcomings such as the equipment tends to be miniaturized and is not easy to realize industrial application.

[0007] As castings continue to develop towards complex structural integration and thin-walled hollowing, equipment with a single casting function often cannot meet the needs of current casting structure changes. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to design a multifunctional casting equipment that can realize multiple anti-gravity casting methods for the promotion and application of anti-gravity casting technology methods. At the same time, ensuring industrial continuous production and improving production efficiency are key issues that cannot be avoided in the design and manufacture of anti-gravity casting equipment. In order to reduce labor intensity and develop green intelligent casting, it is necessary to automate / intelligently control casting equipment.

[0008] In summary, anti-gravity casting equipment is extremely critical for the forming and preparation of large, complex, thin-walled castings, while the existing special casting equipment has a single function and is usually only designed to achieve anti-gravity casting forming using a single method or multiple approximate methods. In addition, the internal structure of the equipment is complex and the operation process is complex. As the foundry industry continues to develop in the direction of intelligence and greening, if a casting equipment is selected for each casting technology, this will greatly increase production costs and will undoubtedly bring about problems such as complex processes and difficult operations. Therefore, an anti-gravity casting device that can achieve multifunctional applications is particularly important for continuous production and intelligent production. How to design a multifunctional anti-gravity casting device with a simple structure that can be applied to a variety of metals and their alloys is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0009] Technical problems to be solved: Existing counter-gravity casting equipment has problems such as single function, complex internal structure, and complex operation process, and cannot meet the development needs of current precision castings. How to design a multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment with a simple structure and easy to realize industrial application is a key technical problem to be solved urgently at present.

[0010] To avoid the deficiencies of the existing technology, the present invention provides a multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment and a casting method, which is a multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment that simultaneously has casting methods such as low-pressure casting, differential pressure casting, pressure-regulating casting, vacuum suction casting, vacuum suction casting + pressurization and pressure holding, and vacuum centrifugal suction casting. According to the counter-gravity casting equipment involved in the present invention, the multi-function integration of counter-gravity casting can be realized, and it is easy to realize industrial continuous production and intelligent control, and the operation is simple, convenient and safe. The equipment prepared according to the design method involved in the present invention is suitable for the multi-functional counter-gravity casting of various metals and their alloys, and can realize the multi-function integration of the counter-gravity casting equipment. The lower chamber designed by the design method of the present invention can realize the vacuum melting and atmosphere protection melting functions of the alloy, and can be adjusted according to specific process requirements.

[0011] The technical solution of the present invention is: A multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment, including an upper chamber module, a lower chamber module, a vacuum constant pressure system, and an argon constant pressure system. The upper chamber module includes an upper chamber that can rotate centrifugally and is independently sealed; the lower chamber module includes a sealing component and a lower chamber, and realizes the independent sealing of the lower chamber and the overall sealing after the upper chamber and the lower chamber are connected through the sealing component;

[0012] The vacuum constant pressure system and the argon constant pressure system are respectively communicated with the upper chamber and the lower chamber through pipelines, and a vacuum control valve and an argon control valve are respectively installed on the connecting pipelines to control the pressures of the upper chamber and the lower chamber, so as to realize multi-functional counter-gravity casting.

[0013] A further technical solution of the present invention is: The upper chamber is a rotary sealed cylinder with an opening at the bottom, and a mold shell and a riser are placed therein; the upper end of the riser is communicated with the cavity in the mold shell, and the lower end extends out of the bottom hole and is in clearance fit; a ring flange boss is arranged along the circumference at the bottom of the upper chamber for docking the sealing component.

[0014] A further technical solution of the present invention is: The upper chamber is a cylindrical structure, the top of which is sealed by a hydraulic rotary seal cover, the hole wall of the bottom hole extends axially outside the upper chamber, the extension length is less than the extension length of the riser, and refractory fiber cotton and blanket are placed between the riser and the barrel wall of the upper chamber to reduce the air flow with the outside world and ensure the airtightness of the upper chamber.

[0015] A further technical solution of the present invention is that: the upper chamber module further includes a rotating pulley, a vacuum rotary joint, and a fixed frame. The upper chamber is rotatably connected to the fixed frame through a bearing. The rotating pulley is coaxially installed at the top of the upper chamber through the vacuum rotary joint and is driven by a motor to achieve the centrifugal rotation of the upper chamber.

[0016] A further technical solution of the present invention is that: the lower chamber is a box structure with an open top. The top opening is circular, and a crucible and a hydraulic lifting rod are arranged inside. The height position of the crucible is adjusted by the hydraulic lifting rod. The crucible contains molten alloy, and a heating resistance wire is arranged on its outer periphery.

[0017] A further technical solution of the present invention is that: the sealing assembly is arranged at the opening of the lower chamber and includes a hydraulic locking valve, a gate frame, a gate hydraulic pull rod, a sealing gate, and a flange docking concave platform. The gate frame is installed at the top of the lower chamber, and a coaxial through hole is opened at a position opposite to the top opening of the lower chamber. The sealing gate is coaxially and hermetically installed in the through hole and can slide radially. The gate hydraulic pull rod is arranged along the radial direction of the sealing gate. One end of it is connected to the outer peripheral surface of one side of the sealing gate, and the other end extends to the inner wall edge of the gate frame. The gate hydraulic pull rod and the sealing gate are both placed in the gate frame. The radial position of the sealing gate is controlled by the gate hydraulic pull rod, and then the sealing / opening of the lower chamber is completed.

[0018] A flange docking concave platform is coaxially arranged at the outer end of the through hole of the gate frame and is matched with the annular flange convex platform structure of the upper chamber, so as to realize the coaxial connection and docking of the upper chamber and the lower chamber. A plurality of hydraulic locking valves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the flange docking concave platform to lock and seal the docked flange docking concave platform and the annular flange convex platform, and complete the sealed connection of the upper chamber and the lower chamber. By controlling the relative height position between the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and by controlling the sealing / opening of the flange docking concave platform and the annular flange convex platform through the hydraulic locking valve, the combined sealed connection / separation of the upper chamber and the lower chamber is completed.

[0019] A further technical solution of the present invention is that: the vacuum constant pressure system includes a vacuum pump and a vacuum constant pressure tank; the argon constant pressure system includes a liquid argon tank, a vaporizer, and an argon constant pressure tank.

[0020] A multi-functional anti-gravity casting method is as follows:

[0021] Step 1: Place the alloy in the crucible, and then seal the lower chamber through the sealing assembly to carry out vacuum / atmosphere melting of the alloy. At the same time, roast and preheat the casting mold shell and the riser tube in a roasting furnace.

[0022] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, install the mold shell and the riser pipe in the upper chamber, fill fixed packing outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell; then conduct hydraulic sealing through the hydraulic rotary seal cover at the upper end of the upper chamber, and then move the whole upper chamber directly above the melting lower chamber;

[0023] Step 3: Fill argon into the lower chamber. When the pressure in the lower chamber is the same as the atmospheric pressure, open the sealing assembly and continuously fill argon;

[0024] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss of the upper chamber is coaxially docked with the flange docking recess of the lower chamber, and fix the connection through the hydraulic locking valve, achieving hydraulic mechanical seal isolation between the upper and lower chambers, that is, the upper and lower chambers are only connected through the riser pipe; at this time, the lower end of the riser pipe has not yet immersed in the alloy liquid. Continuously introduce argon into the lower chamber, and at the same time open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump part of the vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, argon enters the cavity in the mold shell through the riser pipe and fills the upper chamber, and the air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon. Then close the vacuum control valve;

[0025] Step 5: Control the pressures of the upper chamber and the lower chamber according to the set values;

[0026] Step 6: The crucible rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod until the riser pipe immerses in the alloy liquid to a predetermined height. At this time, control the pressures of the upper chamber and the lower chamber according to the set pressure process curve to form a pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers. The alloy liquid enters the cavity in the mold shell through the riser pipe under the action of the pressure difference; thus, the lifting of the alloy liquid in the riser pipe is completed, and the alloy liquid fills, crusts, pressurizes, and pressure-holds and solidifies in the cavity; after the pressure-holding is completed, release the pressure;

[0027] Step 7: Control the crucible to descend through the hydraulic lifting rod, release the hydraulic locking valve, and the upper chamber moves up and separates from the lower chamber; then the upper chamber tilts to pour out the casting and conduct subsequent cleaning; that is, the forming of castings under the functions of low-pressure casting, differential-pressure casting, pressure-regulating die-casting, vacuum suction casting, and vacuum suction casting + pressure-holding and pressurizing can be completed.

[0028] A multifunctional anti-gravity casting method, the specific steps are as follows:

[0029] Step 1: Place the alloy in the crucible, and then seal the lower chamber through the sealing assembly to conduct vacuum / atmosphere melting on the alloy; at the same time, bake and preheat the casting mold shell and the riser pipe in a roasting furnace;

[0030] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, install the mold shell and the riser pipe in the upper chamber, fill fixed packing outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell; then conduct hydraulic sealing through the hydraulic rotary seal cover at the upper end of the upper chamber, and then move the whole upper chamber directly above the melting lower chamber;

[0031] Step 3: Fill argon gas into the lower chamber. When the pressure in the lower chamber is consistent with the atmospheric pressure, open the sealing assembly and continuously fill argon gas.

[0032] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss of the upper chamber is opposite to the flange docking concave of the lower chamber and a certain distance is reserved. Continuously fill argon gas into the lower chamber to maintain the argon gas atmosphere environment in the lower chamber. At this time, the lower end of the riser tube has not been immersed in the alloy liquid. Continue to continuously fill argon gas into the lower chamber. At the same time, open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump part of the vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, argon gas enters the cavity in the mold shell through the riser tube and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon gas, and then close the vacuum control valve.

[0033] Step 5: The crucible rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod until the riser tube is immersed in the alloy liquid to a predetermined height. Then open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to evacuate the upper chamber. The pressure in the upper chamber drops, and a pressure difference is formed between the upper and lower chambers. The alloy liquid enters the cavity in the mold shell through the riser tube under the action of the pressure difference. At this time, start the centrifugal speed machine, that is, the rotating pulley rotates driven by the motor, thereby driving the upper chamber to rotate. The upper chamber rotates centrifugally until the alloy in other parts except the riser tube solidifies and then release the vacuum in the upper chamber, and the alloy liquid flows back. Then raise the upper chamber, and the upper chamber continues to rotate centrifugally until the alloy is completely solidified.

[0034] Control the pressure of the upper chamber and the lower chamber according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the alloy liquid in the riser tube, the filling, crusting and pressure maintaining solidification of the alloy liquid in the cavity. The centrifugal speed and direction are controlled according to actual requirements.

[0035] Step 6: Control the crucible to descend through the hydraulic lifting rod. After the upper chamber stops rotating, tilt and pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning to realize the forming of the casting under the function of vacuum centrifugal suction casting.

[0036] A multi-functional anti-gravity casting system includes multiple upper chambers arranged in a circular layout or a chain layout. The quantity ratio of the upper chamber to the lower chamber is x:1, where x≥1, and it can realize the continuous production of a single lower chamber.

[0037] Or, it includes multiple upper chambers and lower chambers arranged in a circular layout or a chain layout. The quantity ratio of the upper chamber to the lower chamber is x:y, where x>1, y>1, and it can realize the continuous production of multiple lower chambers / various alloys.

[0038] Beneficial effects

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment and casting method of the present invention can be used for the design and manufacture of multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment such as low-pressure casting, differential-pressure casting, pressure-regulating casting, vacuum suction casting, and vacuum centrifugal suction casting for various metals and alloys. It can integrate the equipment functions of multiple counter-gravity casting functions, and the operation is simple, convenient, and easy to accurately automate control, and it is easy to realize industrial continuous production. The melting lower chamber structure designed by the method of the present invention can realize vacuum melting or protective atmosphere melting of metals or alloys, and can be used for counter-gravity casting of various easily oxidized metal materials.

[0040] The present invention simultaneously realizes the independent sealing of the upper chamber, the independent sealing of the lower chamber, the overall sealing after the connection of the upper and lower chambers, and maintains pressure stability under certain pressure conditions. It also realizes the centrifugal rotation of the upper chamber, and on this basis, strictly controls the pressure and relative position of the upper and lower chambers.

[0041] The melting lower chamber of the present invention can realize alloy melting in a vacuum environment / protective atmosphere environment under self-sealing conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic sectional view of the upper chamber of the equipment for realizing multifunctional counter-gravity casting related to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic sectional view of the melting lower chamber of the equipment for realizing multifunctional counter-gravity casting related to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a schematic overall structure view of the multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment related to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 It is a schematic process view and process curve view of the multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment related to the present invention for realizing low-pressure casting function;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a schematic structure view and process curve view of the multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment related to the present invention for realizing differential-pressure casting function;

[0047] Figure 6 It is a schematic process view and process curve view of the multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment related to the present invention for realizing pressure-regulating casting function;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a schematic process view and process curve view of the multifunctional counter-gravity casting equipment related to the present invention for realizing vacuum suction casting function;

[0049] Figure 8Schematic diagram of the process and process curve for the multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment involved in the present invention to achieve the functions of vacuum suction casting and pressurization and pressure holding;

[0050] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the process and process curve for the multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment involved in the present invention to achieve the function of vacuum centrifugal suction casting;

[0051] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the industrial continuous production layout of the multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment involved in the present invention.

[0052] Description of reference numerals: 1. Rotating pulley, 2. Vacuum rotary joint, 3. Hydraulic rotary seal cover, 4. Fixed frame, 5. Bearing, 6. Cylinder wall, 7. Annular flange boss, 8. Gas pipeline, 9. Fixed packing, 10. Mold shell, 11. Cavity, 12. Rising pipe; 13. Hydraulic locking valve, 14. Gate frame, 15. Gate hydraulic pull rod, 16. Sealing gate, 17. Melting chamber wall, 18. Heating resistance wire, 19. Flange docking concave platform, 20. Alloy liquid, 21. Crucible, 22. Hydraulic lifting rod; 23. Vacuum pump, 24. Vacuum constant pressure tank, 25. Vacuum control valve, 26. Argon constant pressure tank, 27. Liquid argon tank, 28. Vaporizer; 29. Upper chamber, 30. Lower chamber, 31. Argon control valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0054] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0055] Counter-gravity casting is a method in which molten metal fills the mold from bottom to top along the riser tube under a certain pressure and solidifies under a certain pressure to obtain a casting. Counter-gravity casting equipment usually consists of two chambers, an upper chamber for placing the casting mold and a lower chamber for placing the alloy liquid. The upper and lower chambers are only connected by a riser tube. By adjusting the pressures of the upper and lower chambers, a pressure difference is generated between the two chambers, and the alloy liquid will fill the mold under the action of the pressure difference. According to the different pressures applied, counter-gravity casting can be divided into low-pressure casting, differential-pressure casting, pressure-regulating casting, vacuum suction casting, etc. In low-pressure casting, it is necessary to increase the pressure in the lower chamber to establish a pressure difference to achieve low-pressure casting filling. A necessary condition for this process is to strictly ensure the tightness of the lower chamber. In differential-pressure casting, first, the pressures of both the upper and lower chambers need to be increased simultaneously. After reaching the synchronous pressure, a pressure difference is established by exhausting air from the upper chamber or introducing air into the lower chamber to realize the differential-pressure casting process. A necessary condition for this process is to strictly ensure the tightness of both the upper and lower chambers. The characteristics of pressure-regulating casting are vacuum degassing, negative-pressure filling, and positive-pressure solidification. First, the pressures of both the upper and lower chambers need to be reduced simultaneously until the upper and lower chambers reach the vacuum condition. Subsequently, the pressure in the lower chamber is increased to establish a pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers. Then, the pressures of both the upper and lower chambers are increased synchronously until solidification under positive pressure is achieved, realizing the filling and solidification of pressure-regulating casting. A necessary condition for this process is to strictly ensure the tightness of both the upper and lower chambers. In vacuum suction casting, it is necessary to reduce the pressure in the upper chamber (suction casting chamber) to form a negative pressure, establish a pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers, and realize the vacuum suction casting process. A necessary condition for this process is to strictly ensure the tightness of the lower chamber. Centrifugal vacuum suction casting is based on vacuum suction casting. By rotating the upper chamber, centrifugal casting is achieved. The advantages of vacuum suction casting in terms of easy filling and centrifugal casting in providing additional feeding are utilized to produce high-quality castings. A necessary condition for realizing this process is to strictly ensure the tightness of the upper chamber and its ability to rotate centrifugally. In addition, vacuum melting / atmosphere protection melting is beneficial for producing high-quality castings. For counter-gravity casting equipment, pressure control needs to be carried out on the basis of ensuring the tightness of the upper and lower chambers to achieve counter-gravity filling. Therefore, for an integrated multi-functional counter-gravity equipment, to realize multiple functions in the same equipment, it is not only necessary to ensure the independent tightness of the upper chamber, the independent tightness of the lower chamber, the overall tightness after connecting the upper and lower chambers, and maintain pressure stability under certain pressure conditions, but also to realize the centrifugal rotation of the upper chamber, and on this basis, strictly control the pressures and relative positions of the upper and lower chambers.

[0056] The following will be combined with Figures 1 to 10 , specifically illustrate a multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment and casting method of the present invention, and explain the technological processes of each function.

[0057] Example 1: A multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment

[0058] This embodiment designs a structure of the upper chamber of a multifunctional anti-gravity casting device, including: a rotating pulley 1, a vacuum rotary joint 2, a hydraulic rotary seal cover 3, a fixed frame 4, a bearing 5, a barrel wall 6, an annular flange boss 7, and a gas pipeline 8, as Figure 1 shown. The overall upper chamber 29 is a cylindrical structure. The fixed packing 9, the mold shell 10, the cavity 11, and the riser 12 can be placed in the upper chamber 29 through the upper end of the cylinder, and the upper chamber is sealed under the pressing of the hydraulic rotary seal cover 3 above the cylinder. A position for placing the riser 12 is reserved at the lower end of the cylinder. Refractory fiber cotton and blankets are placed between the riser 12 and the barrel wall 6 to reduce the air flow with the outside world and ensure the airtightness of the upper chamber; the alloy liquid can be filled into the mold shell 10 through the riser 12; a connection structure, an annular flange boss 7, is designed along the circumference at the lower end of the barrel wall 6 of the upper chamber, which can be closely combined with the smelting lower chamber designed by the present invention to ensure the overall airtightness after the connection of the upper and lower chambers; structures such as the rotating pulley 1, the vacuum rotary joint 2, the rotary seal cover 3, the fixed frame 4, and the bearing 5 included in the upper chamber can achieve the centrifugal rotation of the upper chamber driven by an electric motor.

[0059] Furthermore, a characteristic structure of a smelting lower chamber 30 that can be closely docked with the upper chamber 29 is designed, including: a hydraulic locking valve 13, a gate frame 14, a gate hydraulic pull rod 15, a sealing gate 16, a smelting chamber wall 17, a thermal resistance wire 18, a flange docking concave platform 19, alloy liquid 20, a crucible 21, and a hydraulic lifting rod 22, as Figure 2 shown. Generally, the realization of anti-gravity casting functions such as low-pressure casting, differential-pressure casting, and pressure-regulating casting requires the adjustment of the pressures of the upper and lower chambers during the anti-gravity casting process, and the upper and lower chambers need to be closely mechanically combined and maintain pressure stability under certain pressure conditions. This embodiment proposes and designs a smelting lower chamber 30, and a flange docking concave platform 19 as shown in Figure 2 is designed at the upper end of the lower chamber 30, which can achieve the mating connection with the annular flange boss 7 in Figure 1 , and the mechanical seal connection with the upper chamber is realized through the hydraulic locking valve 13 in Figure 2 . At the same time, a movable sealing gate 16 is designed below the flange docking concave platform 19 to realize the self-sealing of the smelting chamber and ensure the vacuum environment or pressure environment of the smelting lower chamber.

[0060] Specifically, the lower chamber 30 is a box structure with an open top, and the top opening is circular; the sealing assembly arranged at the top opening includes a hydraulic locking valve 13, a gate frame 14, a gate hydraulic pull rod 15, a sealing gate 16, and a flange docking concave platform 19; the gate frame 14 is installed at the top of the lower chamber 30, and a coaxial through hole is opened at a position opposite to the top opening of the lower chamber 30; the sealing gate 16 is coaxially and sealingly installed in the through hole and can slide radially; the gate hydraulic pull rod 15 is arranged along the radial direction of the sealing gate 16, one end of which is connected to the outer peripheral surface of one side of the sealing gate, and the other end extends to the inner wall edge of the gate frame 14; the radial position of the sealing gate is controlled by the gate hydraulic pull rod, so as to complete the sealing / open of the lower chamber; a flange docking concave platform 19 is coaxially arranged at the outer end of the through hole of the gate frame 14, which is matched with the annular flange boss 7 structure of the upper chamber 29, and can realize the coaxial connection and docking of the upper chamber and the lower chamber; a plurality of hydraulic locking valves are arranged along the circumferential direction of the flange docking concave platform to lock and seal the docked flange docking concave platform and the annular flange boss, and complete the sealed connection of the upper chamber and the lower chamber. By controlling the relative height position between the upper chamber 29 and the lower chamber 30, and by controlling the sealing / open of the flange docking concave platform 19 and the annular flange boss 7 through the hydraulic locking valve 13, the combined sealed connection / separation of the upper chamber 29 and the lower chamber 30 is completed.

[0061] A further design provides an anti-gravity casting system with multi-functional casting methods such as low-pressure casting, differential-pressure casting, pressure-regulating casting, vacuum suction casting, and vacuum centrifugal suction casting. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the multi-functional anti-gravity casting device according to the present invention, including: the upper chamber 29, the melting lower chamber 30, the vacuum pump 23, the vacuum constant-pressure tank 24, the vacuum control valve 25, the argon constant-pressure tank 26, the liquid argon tank 27, the vaporizer 28, and the argon control valve 31. This integrated device integrates multi-process functions such as low pressure, pressure regulation, differential pressure, and vacuum suction casting. The realization of the multi-function is achieved under the sealed connection and cooperation of the upper and lower chambers designed in the present invention, and through the strict pressure regulation and control of the upper and lower chambers by the argon constant-pressure tank 26 and the vacuum constant-pressure tank 24; the vacuum pump 23 is connected to the vacuum constant-pressure tank 24, and the liquid argon tank 27 is connected to the argon constant-pressure tank 26 through the vaporizer 28. The realization of the centrifugal function is through Figure 1 the rotating pulley 1 at the upper end of the upper chamber shown, which is realized under the cooperation of the motor and the bearing 5. Its specific structure belongs to the prior art. The centrifugal speed can be controlled according to actual needs, and the rotation direction can also be controlled. The vacuum centrifugal suction casting process can be realized by controlling the relative position of the upper and lower chambers, the chamber pressure, and the centrifugal speed. Further, according to the structure of the sealing gate 16, the melting lower chamber can realize alloy melting in a vacuum environment / protective atmosphere environment.

[0062] Embodiment 2: Realization of the low-pressure casting function of the multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment

[0063] Step 1: The alloy is subjected to vacuum / atmosphere melting in a melting chamber as shown in Figure 2 . The mold shell 10 and the riser pipe 12 are preheated by roasting in a roasting furnace.

[0064] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, the mold shell 10 and the riser pipe 12 are installed in the upper chamber, and fixed packing 9 is filled outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell, and hydraulic sealing is performed through the hydraulic rotary seal cover 3 at the upper end of the upper chamber, as shown in Figure 1 . The upper chamber is moved directly above the lower melting chamber through external devices such as tracks, as shown in Figure 4 a.

[0065] Step 3: Argon is filled into the melting chamber. When the pressure in the melting chamber is the same as the atmospheric pressure, the sealing gate 16 of the melting chamber is opened, and argon is continuously filled.

[0066] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss 7 of the upper chamber is combined with the flange docking recess 19 of the lower melting chamber, and the connection is fixed through the hydraulic locking valve 13, realizing hydraulic mechanical seal isolation between the upper and lower chambers, that is, the upper and lower chambers are only connected through the riser pipe 12, as shown in Figure 4 b. At this time, the lower end of the riser pipe 12 has not yet been immersed in the alloy liquid 20. Argon is continuously introduced into the lower melting chamber, and at the same time, the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber is opened to pre-pump part of the vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, argon enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser pipe 12 and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon, and then the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber is closed.

[0067] Step 5: The melting crucible 21 rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod 22 until the riser pipe 12 is immersed in the alloy liquid 20 to a predetermined height, as shown in Figure 4 c. At this time, the argon pressure in the melting chamber is increased, and the alloy liquid 20 enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser pipe 12 under the action of the pressure difference, as shown in Figure 4 d. Schematic diagram of the change of pressure in the upper chamber and the melting chamber with time, as shown in Figure 4 e, where 0 represents one atmospheric pressure, -1 represents the vacuum state, and 1 represents two atmospheric pressures. Using high-purity argon as the pressurizing medium, the pressures of the upper chamber and the melting chamber are controlled according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the alloy liquid 20 in the riser pipe 12, and the filling, crusting, pressurizing, and pressure maintaining and solidification of the alloy liquid 20 in the precision casting mold shell cavity 11. After the pressure maintaining is completed, the pressure is released.

[0068] Step 6: The melting crucible 21 descends, the hydraulic locking valve 13 is released, the upper chamber moves upward and separates from the melting chamber, and the upper chamber is tilted to pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning. The forming of the casting under the function of low-pressure casting is realized.

[0069] Example 3: Multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment - realization of differential pressure casting function

[0070] Step 1: The alloy is subjected to vacuum / atmosphere melting in the melting chamber as shown in Figure 2 . The mold shell 10 and the riser pipe 12 are preheated by roasting in a roasting furnace.

[0071] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, the mold shell 10 and the riser pipe 12 are installed in the upper chamber, and fixed filler 9 is filled outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell, and hydraulic sealing is carried out through the hydraulic rotary sealing cover 3 at the upper end of the upper chamber, as shown in Figure 1 . The upper chamber is moved to directly above the melting lower chamber through external devices such as tracks, as shown in Figure 5 a.

[0072] Step 3: Argon is filled into the melting chamber. When the pressure in the melting chamber is consistent with the atmospheric pressure, the sealing gate plate 16 of the melting chamber is opened, and argon is continuously filled.

[0073] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss 7 of the upper chamber is combined with the flange docking concave platform 19 of the melting lower chamber, and fixedly connect through the hydraulic locking valve 13, realizing hydraulic mechanical seal isolation between the upper and lower chambers, that is, only through the riser pipe 12 between the upper and lower chambers, as shown in Figure 5 b. At this time, the lower end of the riser pipe 12 has not been immersed in the alloy liquid 20. Continuously introduce argon into the melting lower chamber, and at the same time open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump part of the vacuum of the upper chamber. At this time, argon enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser pipe 12 and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon, and then the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber is closed.

[0074] Step 5: Close the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber, open the argon control valves of the upper chamber and the melting chamber to fill argon, and at the same time increase the pressures of the upper chamber and the melting chamber until reaching 2 atmospheric pressures. At this time, since the upper chamber and the melting chamber are connected through the riser pipe 12, the upper chamber and the melting chamber maintain the argon balance condition of 2 atmospheric pressures, that is, maintain the position shown in Figure 5 b during this pressure increase process.

[0075] Step 6: The melting crucible 21 rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod 22 until the riser pipe 12 is immersed in the alloy liquid 20 to a predetermined height, as shown in Figure 5 c. At this time, the argon pressure in the upper chamber is reduced through the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber, and the alloy liquid 20 enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 under the action of the pressure difference, as shown in Figure 5 d. When the upper chamber is reduced to a certain value (greater than 1 atmospheric pressure), pressure is maintained. After the pressure maintaining is completed, the pressure is released. The schematic diagram of the change of the pressures of the upper chamber and the melting chamber with time is as shown in Figure 5e, where 0 represents one atmosphere, -1 represents a vacuum state, and 1 represents two atmospheres. High-purity argon is used as the pressurizing medium, and the pressure of the upper chamber and the lower smelting chamber is controlled according to the set pressure process curve to complete the rising of the alloy liquid 20 in the rising pipe 12, and the filling, crusting, pressurization and pressure-maintaining solidification of the alloy liquid 20 in the precision casting mold shell cavity 11.

[0076] Step 7: The melting crucible 21 descends, the hydraulic locking valve 13 is released, the upper chamber moves upward and separates from the melting chamber, the upper chamber is tilted to pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning, and the casting is formed under the differential pressure casting function.

[0077] Example 4: Multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment - realization of pressure-regulated casting function

[0078] Step 1: Alloy Figure 2 The melting chamber shown is used for vacuum / atmosphere melting, and the casting mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 are preheated by baking in a baking furnace.

[0079] Step 2: After the alloy is smelted, the mold shell 10 and the liquid riser 12 are installed in the upper chamber, and the mold shell is fixed by filling the fixed filler 9 outside the mold shell, and the hydraulic sealing is performed through the hydraulic rotary sealing cover 3 at the upper end of the upper chamber. Figure 1 The upper chamber is moved to the top of the lower smelting chamber by means of tracks and other peripheral devices, as shown in the figure. Figure 6 As shown in a.

[0080] Step 3: Fill the smelting chamber with argon gas, and when the pressure in the smelting chamber is consistent with the atmospheric pressure, open the sealing gate 16 of the lower smelting chamber and continue to fill it with argon gas.

[0081] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss 7 of the upper chamber is combined with the flange docking concave platform 19 of the smelting lower chamber, and the connection is fixed by the hydraulic locking valve 13, so that the upper and lower chambers are isolated by hydraulic mechanical seal, that is, the upper and lower chambers are connected only by the liquid riser 12. Figure 6 At this time, the lower end of the liquid riser 12 has not yet been immersed in the alloy liquid 20, and argon gas is continuously introduced into the lower smelting chamber. At the same time, the upper chamber vacuum control valve is opened to pre-evacuate part of the upper chamber. At this time, argon gas enters the mold cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the liquid riser 12 and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon gas, and then the upper chamber vacuum control valve is closed.

[0082] Step 5: Open the vacuum control valves of the upper chamber and the smelting chamber, and evacuate the upper chamber and the smelting chamber to a certain value at the same time. At this time, since the upper chamber and the smelting chamber are connected through the riser pipe 12, the vacuum degree of the upper chamber and the smelting chamber is kept consistent, that is, the vacuum degree of the upper chamber and the smelting chamber is maintained during this evacuation process. Figure 6 The position shown in b.

[0083] Step 6: The melting crucible 21 rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod 22 until the riser tube 12 is immersed in the alloy liquid 20 to a predetermined height, as Figure 6 shown in c. At this time, argon gas is filled into the lower chamber through the argon gas control valve of the lower chamber, that is, the vacuum degree of the melting chamber is reduced, and a certain pressure difference is generated between the upper chamber and the melting chamber. Under the action of the pressure difference, the alloy liquid 20 enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12, as Figure 6 shown in d. After the crust formation is completed, under the condition of maintaining a certain pressure difference between the upper chamber and the melting chamber, the pressures of the upper chamber and the melting chamber are synchronously increased. Finally, it is ensured that the argon gas environmental pressure in the melting chamber is higher than that of the upper chamber, and pressure is maintained at a certain pressure. After the pressure holding is completed, the pressure is released. The schematic diagram of the pressure change of the upper chamber and the melting chamber with time is shown in Figure 6 e, where 0 represents one atmospheric pressure, -1 represents the vacuum state, and 1 represents two atmospheric pressures. Using high-purity argon gas as the pressurizing medium, the pressures of the upper chamber and the melting chamber are controlled according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the alloy liquid 20 in the riser tube 12, and the filling, crust formation, pressurization and pressure holding and solidification of the alloy liquid 20 in the cavity 11 of the precision casting mold shell.

[0084] Step 7: The melting crucible 21 descends, the hydraulic locking valve 13 is released, the upper chamber moves upward and separates from the melting chamber, and the upper chamber tilts to pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning. The forming of the casting under the function of pressure regulating and pressure casting is realized.

[0085] Example 5: Realization of the vacuum suction casting function of the multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment

[0086] Step 1: The alloy is subjected to vacuum / atmosphere melting in the melting chamber as shown in Figure 2 , and the mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 are preheated by roasting in a roasting furnace.

[0087] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, the mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 are installed in the upper chamber, and fixed filler 9 is filled outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell, and hydraulic sealing is carried out through the hydraulic rotary seal cover 3 at the upper end of the upper chamber, as Figure 1 shown. The upper chamber is moved to directly above the lower melting chamber through external devices such as tracks, as Figure 7 shown in a.

[0088] Step 3: Argon gas is filled into the melting chamber. When the pressure in the melting chamber is consistent with the atmospheric pressure, the sealing gate plate 16 of the lower melting chamber is opened, and argon gas is continuously filled.

[0089] Step 4: The upper chamber descends until the annular flange boss 7 of the upper chamber is combined with the flange docking concave platform 19 of the lower melting chamber, and is fixedly connected through the hydraulic locking valve 13, realizing hydraulic mechanical seal isolation between the upper and lower chambers, that is, only the riser tube 12 is connected between the upper and lower chambers, as Figure 7As shown in Figure b. At this time, the lower end 12 of the riser tube has not yet been immersed in the alloy liquid 20. Continuously introduce argon gas into the lower melting chamber, and at the same time open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump part of the vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, argon gas enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12 and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon gas, and then the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber is closed.

[0090] Step 5: The melting crucible 21 rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod 22 until the riser tube 12 is immersed in the alloy liquid 20 to a predetermined height, as Figure 7 shown in Figure c. Open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to evacuate the upper chamber. The pressure in the upper chamber drops, and the alloy liquid 20 enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12 under the action of the pressure difference, as Figure 7 shown in Figure d. Evacuate the upper chamber to a certain vacuum value and maintain the vacuum degree. After the pressure holding is completed, release the pressure. The schematic diagram of the pressure change of the upper chamber and the melting chamber over time is shown in Figure 7 Figure e, where 0 represents one atmospheric pressure, -1 represents the vacuum state, and 1 represents two atmospheric pressures. Control the pressure of the upper chamber and the melting chamber according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the alloy liquid 20 in the riser tube 12, and the filling, crusting, and pressure holding and solidification of the alloy liquid 20 in the precision casting mold shell cavity 11.

[0091] Step 6: Lower the melting crucible 21, release the hydraulic locking valve 13, the upper chamber moves upward and separates from the melting chamber, and the upper chamber tilts to pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning. Realize the forming of the casting under the function of vacuum suction casting.

[0092] Example 6: Realization of the functions of a multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment - vacuum suction casting + pressurization and pressure holding

[0093] Step 1: The alloy is subjected to vacuum / atmosphere melting in the melting chamber as shown in Figure 2 Figure, and the casting mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 are preheated by roasting in a roasting furnace.

[0094] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, install the mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 in the upper chamber, fill the fixed filler 9 outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell, and perform hydraulic sealing through the hydraulic rotary seal cover 3 at the upper end of the upper chamber, as Figure 1 shown in Figure. Move the upper chamber to directly above the lower melting chamber through external devices such as tracks, as Figure 8 shown in Figure a.

[0095] Step 3: Fill argon gas into the melting chamber. When the pressure in the melting chamber is the same as the atmospheric pressure, open the sealing gate 16 of the melting chamber and continuously fill argon gas.

[0096] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss 7 of the upper chamber engages with the flange docking recess 19 of the melting lower chamber and is fixedly connected through the hydraulic locking valve 13, achieving a hydraulic mechanical seal isolation between the upper and lower chambers, that is, the upper and lower chambers are only connected through the riser tube 12, as Figure 8 shown in b. At this time, the lower end of the riser tube 12 has not yet been immersed in the alloy liquid 20. Continuously introduce argon gas into the melting lower chamber, and at the same time open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump a partial vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, the argon gas enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12 and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon gas, and then the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber is closed.

[0097] Step 5: The melting crucible 21 rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod 22 until the riser tube 12 is immersed in the alloy liquid 20 to a predetermined height, as Figure 8 shown in c. Open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to evacuate the upper chamber. The pressure in the upper chamber drops, and the alloy liquid 20 enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12 under the action of the pressure difference, as Figure 8 shown in d. Evacuate the upper chamber to a certain vacuum value and maintain the vacuum degree. After shell solidification, increase the argon gas pressure in the melting chamber and hold the pressure. After the pressure holding is completed, release the pressure. The schematic diagram of the pressure change in the upper chamber and the melting chamber over time is shown in Figure 8 e, where 0 represents one atmospheric pressure, -1 represents the vacuum state, and 1 represents two atmospheric pressures. Using high-purity argon gas as the pressurizing medium, control the pressures of the upper chamber and the melting chamber according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the alloy liquid 20 in the riser tube 12, and the filling, shell solidification, pressurization, and pressure holding and solidification of the alloy liquid 20 in the precision casting mold shell cavity 11.

[0098] Step 6: Lower the melting crucible 21, release the hydraulic locking valve 13, the upper chamber moves upward and separates from the melting chamber. The upper chamber tilts to pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning. Realize the forming of the casting under the functions of vacuum suction casting + pressurization and pressure holding.

[0099] Example 7: Realization of the function of a multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment - vacuum centrifugal suction casting

[0100] Step 1: The alloy is subjected to vacuum / atmosphere melting in the melting chamber as shown in Figure 2 , and the mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 are preheated by roasting in a roasting furnace.

[0101] Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, install the mold shell 10 and the riser tube 12 in the upper chamber, fill the fixed filler 9 outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell, and perform hydraulic sealing through the hydraulic rotary seal cover 3 at the upper end of the upper chamber, as Figure 1 shown. Move the upper chamber to directly above the melting lower chamber through external devices such as tracks, as Figure 9 shown in a.

[0102] Step 3: Fill argon gas into the melting chamber. When the pressure in the melting chamber is the same as the atmospheric pressure, open the sealing gate 16 of the melting chamber and continuously fill argon gas.

[0103] Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until there is a certain distance between the annular flange boss 7 of the upper chamber and the flange docking concave 19 of the lower melting chamber. At this time, it is not fixedly connected through the hydraulic locking valve 13, as shown in Figure 9 Figure b. Continuously fill argon gas into the melting chamber at this time to maintain the argon gas atmosphere environment in the melting chamber. The lower end 12 of the riser tube has not yet been immersed in the alloy liquid 20. Continuously fill argon gas in the melting chamber. At the same time, open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump part of the vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, argon gas enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12 and fills the upper chamber. The air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon gas, and then close the vacuum control valve.

[0104] Step 5: The melting crucible 21 rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod 22 until the riser tube 12 is immersed in the alloy liquid 20 to a predetermined height, as shown in Figure 9 Figure c. Open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pump vacuum for the upper chamber. The pressure in the upper chamber drops, and the alloy liquid 20 enters the cavity 11 in the mold shell 10 through the riser tube 12 under the action of the pressure difference, as shown in Figure 9 Figure d. At this time, start the centrifugal speed machine, that is, the rotating pulley 1 rotates driven by the motor, thereby driving the upper chamber to rotate, as shown in Figure 9 Figure e. The upper chamber rotates centrifugally until the alloy in other parts except the riser tube 12 solidifies, then release the vacuum of the upper chamber, and the alloy liquid flows back, as shown in Figure 9 Figure f. Then raise the upper chamber, and the upper chamber continues to rotate centrifugally until the alloy is completely solidified, as shown in Figure 9 Figure g. Schematic diagram of the changes in the pressure of the upper chamber, the pressure of the melting chamber, and the rotation speed of the centrifuge over time, as shown in Figure 9 Figure h, where 0 represents one atmospheric pressure, -1 represents the vacuum state, and 1 represents two atmospheric pressures. The change in the rotation speed of the centrifuge over time is represented by a dotted line. Control the pressure of the upper chamber and the melting chamber according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the alloy liquid 20 in the riser tube 12, the filling, crusting, and pressure maintaining and solidification of the alloy liquid 20 in the precision casting mold shell cavity 11. The centrifugal rotation speed can be controlled according to actual needs, and the rotation direction can also be controlled.

[0105] Step 6: Lower the melting crucible 21. After the upper chamber stops rotating, tilt and pour out the casting and perform subsequent cleaning. Realize the forming of the casting under the function of vacuum centrifugal suction casting.

[0106] Example 9: The structural layout and control scheme of the industrial continuous production equipment designed by the present invention

[0107] The realization of the multi-functional counter-gravity casting designed according to the method of this embodiment mainly relies on the precise control of the air pressure, relative position, etc. of the upper chamber and the melting chamber. It can achieve multi-functional applications through various high-precision and high-sensitivity electrical automation devices, and can realize automatic and intelligent control. By using the upper chamber and the melting chamber involved in the equipment of this embodiment, they can be matched in a certain proportion according to actual needs to achieve industrial continuous production. For example, when the upper chamber:melting chamber = x:1, continuous production of a single melting chamber can be achieved through a circular layout or a chain layout, as shown in Figure 10 a, b, d, e; when the upper chamber:melting chamber = x:y, continuous production of multiple melting chambers / various alloys can be achieved through a circular layout or a chain layout, as shown in Figure 10 c, f.

[0108] Furthermore, in the melting chamber designed in this embodiment, a crucible tilting device can also be added, a gravity casting mold can be placed, and a centrifugal turntable can be set to achieve functions such as vacuum gravity casting, vacuum gravity pouring + increased solidification casting, vacuum gravity centrifugal casting, vacuum gravity centrifugal pouring + increased solidification casting, etc.

[0109] Furthermore, when designing the melting chamber by the equipment design method in this embodiment, continuous feeding can also be achieved by designing an intermediate transition chamber / feeding mechanism to ensure the continuity of production.

[0110] Furthermore, this embodiment proposes a design method for a multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment, which realizes the multi-functional application of the counter-gravity casting equipment in principle. Designers of counter-gravity casting equipment can also make similar structural designs for the equipment according to or inspired by this invention, including but not limited to the annular flange boss 7, the flange docking concave platform 19, and the hydraulic locking valve 13.

[0111] Furthermore, this embodiment does not make detailed restrictions on the specific structure, size, material, heating method of the crucible, etc. of the counter-gravity casting equipment for realizing multi-functional applications. Designers can carry out equipment design according to this invention patent in combination with the actual situation to realize the multi-functional applications described in this embodiment.

[0112] Furthermore, this embodiment has not restricted the alloys that the multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment can apply, including but not limited to materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, and superalloy.

[0113] Furthermore, the process methods of different anti-gravity casting methods involved in this embodiment all belong to the prior art. For the specific process, those skilled in the art need to conduct specific process design on process parameters such as vacuum degree, atmosphere conditions, liquid-lifting speed, liquid-lifting pressure, filling pressure, filling speed, solidification holding pressure, solidification holding time, pouring temperature, mold temperature, centrifugal speed, and centrifugal rotation direction according to specific equipment, specific castings, and specific alloys.

[0114] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional anti-gravity casting device, characterized in that: It includes an upper chamber module, a lower chamber module, a vacuum constant pressure system, and an argon constant pressure system. The upper chamber module includes an upper chamber that can rotate centrifugally and is independently sealed. The lower chamber module includes a sealing assembly and a lower chamber. The independent sealing of the lower chamber and the overall sealing after the connection of the upper chamber and the lower chamber are achieved through the sealing assembly. The vacuum constant pressure system and the argon constant pressure system are respectively communicated with the upper chamber and the lower chamber through pipelines, and a vacuum control valve and an argon control valve are respectively installed on the connecting pipelines to control the pressures of the upper chamber and the lower chamber, so as to realize multi-functional counter-gravity casting. The upper chamber is a rotary sealed cylinder with an opening at the bottom, and a mold shell and a riser tube are placed therein. The upper end of the riser tube communicates with the cavity in the mold shell, and the lower end extends out of the bottom hole and is in clearance fit. A ring flange boss is arranged circumferentially at the bottom of the upper chamber for docking with the sealing assembly. The sealing assembly is arranged at the top opening of the lower chamber and includes a hydraulic locking valve, a gate frame, a gate hydraulic pull rod, a sealing gate plate, and a flange docking concave platform. The gate frame is installed at the top of the lower chamber, and a coaxial through hole is opened at the position opposite to the top opening of the lower chamber. The sealing gate plate is coaxially and hermetically installed in the through hole and can slide radially. The gate hydraulic pull rod is arranged radially along the sealing gate plate, one end of which is connected to the outer peripheral surface of one side of the sealing gate plate, and the other end extends to the inner wall edge of the gate frame. The gate hydraulic pull rod and the sealing gate plate are both placed in the gate frame. The radial position of the sealing gate plate is controlled by the gate hydraulic pull rod, and then the sealing or opening of the lower chamber is completed. A flange docking concave platform is coaxially arranged at the outer end of the through hole of the gate frame, which is matched with the ring flange boss structure of the upper chamber, and can realize the coaxial communication docking of the upper chamber and the lower chamber. A plurality of hydraulic locking valves are arranged circumferentially along the flange docking concave platform to lock and seal the docked flange docking concave platform and the ring flange boss, and complete the sealed connection of the upper chamber and the lower chamber. By controlling the relative height position between the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and by controlling the sealing or opening of the flange docking concave platform and the ring flange boss through the hydraulic locking valve, the combined sealed connection or separation of the upper chamber and the lower chamber is completed. The multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment can complete the casting forming under the functions of low-pressure casting, differential pressure casting, pressure regulating die casting, vacuum suction casting, vacuum suction casting + pressure boosting and pressure maintaining, and vacuum centrifugal suction casting.

2. The multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper chamber is a cylindrical structure, the top of which is sealed by a hydraulic rotary seal cover. The hole wall of the bottom hole extends axially outward of the upper chamber, and the extension length is less than the protruding length of the riser tube. Fireproof fiber cotton and blanket are placed between the riser tube and the barrel wall of the upper chamber to reduce the air circulation with the outside world and ensure the airtightness of the upper chamber.

3. The multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment according to claim 2, wherein: The upper chamber module further includes a rotating pulley, a vacuum rotary joint, and a fixed frame. The upper chamber is rotationally connected to the fixed frame through a bearing. The rotating pulley is coaxially installed at the top of the upper chamber through the vacuum rotary joint and is driven by a motor to realize the centrifugal rotation of the upper chamber.

4. The multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower chamber is a box structure with an open top, and the open top is circular. A crucible and a hydraulic lifting rod are arranged inside it, and the height position of the crucible is adjusted by the hydraulic lifting rod. The crucible contains molten alloy, and a thermal resistance wire is arranged on its outer periphery.

5. The multifunctional anti-gravity casting equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vacuum constant pressure system includes a vacuum pump and a vacuum constant pressure tank; the argon constant pressure system includes a liquid argon tank, a vaporizer and an argon constant pressure tank.

6. A multi-functional counter-gravity casting method using the multi-functional counter-gravity casting equipment described in claim 5, characterized in that The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Place the alloy in the crucible, and then seal the lower chamber through the sealing component to carry out vacuum or atmosphere melting on the alloy; at the same time, roast and preheat the casting mold shell and the riser tube in a roasting furnace. Step 2: After the alloy melting is completed, install the mold shell and the riser tube in the upper chamber, and fill fixed packing outside the mold shell to fix the mold shell; then carry out hydraulic sealing through the hydraulic rotary sealing cover at the upper end of the upper chamber, and then move the whole upper chamber to directly above the melting lower chamber. Step 3: Fill argon into the lower chamber. When the pressure in the lower chamber is consistent with the atmospheric pressure, open the sealing component and continuously fill argon. Step 4: Lower the upper chamber until the annular flange boss of the upper chamber is opposite to the flange docking concave of the lower chamber and a certain distance is reserved. Continuously fill argon into the lower chamber to maintain the argon atmosphere environment in the lower chamber. At this time, the lower end of the riser tube has not been immersed in the molten alloy; continue to continuously fill argon into the lower chamber, and at the same time open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to pre-pump part of the vacuum in the upper chamber. At this time, argon enters the cavity in the mold shell through the riser tube and fills the upper chamber, and the air in the upper chamber is replaced by argon. Then close the vacuum control valve. Step 5: The crucible rises under the push of the hydraulic lifting rod until the riser tube is immersed in the molten alloy to a predetermined height; then open the vacuum control valve of the upper chamber to evacuate the upper chamber. The pressure in the upper chamber drops, and a pressure difference is formed between the upper and lower chambers. The molten alloy enters the cavity in the mold shell through the riser tube under the action of the pressure difference; at this time, start the centrifugal speed machine, that is, the rotating pulley rotates driven by the motor, thereby driving the upper chamber to rotate; the upper chamber rotates centrifugally until the alloy in other parts except the riser tube solidifies and then release the vacuum of the upper chamber, and the molten alloy flows back; then raise the upper chamber, and the upper chamber continues to rotate centrifugally until the alloy is completely solidified. Carry out pressure control on the upper chamber and the lower chamber according to the set pressure process curve to complete the liquid lifting of the molten alloy in the riser tube, the filling, crusting and pressure maintaining solidification of the molten alloy in the cavity; the centrifugal speed and direction are controlled according to actual requirements. Step 6: Control the crucible to descend through the hydraulic lifting rod. After the upper chamber stops rotating, tilt and pour out the casting and carry out subsequent cleaning to realize the forming of the casting under the function of vacuum centrifugal suction casting.

7. A multi-functional anti-gravity casting system, characterized in that: Including the multi-functional anti-gravity casting equipment described in claim 1, the number of the upper chamber modules is multiple and arranged in a circular layout or a chain layout, and the number ratio of the upper chamber modules to the lower chamber modules is x : 1, where x ≥1, enabling continuous production of a single lower chamber module; Alternatively, the number of the upper chamber modules and the lower chamber modules is plural, and they are both arranged in an annular layout or a chain layout. The number ratio of the upper chamber modules to the lower chamber modules is x :y, where x >1, y>1, enabling continuous production of multiple lower chamber modules or multiple alloys.

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