An electric field coupling and friction composite energy harvesting device

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device, which relates to the field of power grid energy extraction technology. The device comprises: a composite energy extraction module for extracting energy by combining electric field coupling and friction; a mutual induction energy extraction circuit for extracting energy by electric field coupling on the composite energy extraction module; a rectifier circuit for rectifying the electric energy of the composite energy extraction module; a peak detection circuit for determining whether the detection circuit can extract energy; a control circuit for receiving the peak detection circuit and controlling the mutual induction energy extraction circuit to extract energy; a power supply circuit for supplying power to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit; the output end of the composite energy extraction module is connected to the rectifier circuit, the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit, a mutual induction energy extraction circuit is provided on the composite energy extraction module, the peak detection circuit and the mutual induction energy extraction circuit are connected to the control circuit, and the power supply circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit. The present invention improves energy extraction efficiency and reduces energy loss through the composite energy extraction module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of power grid energy extraction, and in particular to an electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device. Background Art

[0002] Grid monitoring networks are populated with numerous wireless sensors, most of which are powered by lithium batteries. This power supply method cannot meet long-term application requirements, cannot be recharged promptly, requires extensive labor and resources to replace batteries, and causes environmental pollution. This has led to the widespread research of battery-powered sensors.

[0003] There is abundant electric field energy and wind energy around high-voltage transmission lines, but existing collection devices only consider the collection of electric field energy and cannot afford the power consumption of sensors. At the same time, the mainstream circuit management solution is to charge the capacitor through a rectifier. Due to impedance matching, capacitor size and other reasons, the energy collection efficiency is low.

[0004] Since the electric field coupling energy harvesting device only collects electric field energy, the existing management circuit is not efficient in energy extraction and cannot afford the power consumption of wireless sensors in the smart grid, making it unable to continuously supply energy to detect the grid status. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention adopts an electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device.

[0006] The technical solution proposed by the present invention is:

[0007] An electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device, comprising:

[0008] Composite energy extraction module, used to extract energy by combining electric field coupling and friction;

[0009] A mutual inductance energy extraction circuit is used to extract energy from the composite energy extraction module through electric field coupling;

[0010] A rectifier circuit, used to rectify the electric energy of the composite energy taking module;

[0011] A peak detection circuit is used to determine whether the detection circuit can obtain energy;

[0012] A control circuit receives the peak detection circuit and controls the mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit to acquire energy;

[0013] a power supply circuit, used for supplying power to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit;

[0014] The output end of the composite energy acquisition module is connected to the rectifier circuit, the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit, a mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit is provided on the composite energy acquisition module, the peak detection circuit and the mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit are connected to the control circuit, and the power supply circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the composite energy extraction module includes:

[0016] A first metal plate, a second metal plate and a pneumatic device, wherein friction material is provided at the bottom of the first metal plate, the first metal plate and the second metal plate are provided below the high-voltage line, the second metal plate is provided below the first metal plate, and the first metal plate and the second metal plate are connected to the pneumatic device.

[0017] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a fourth equivalent capacitor is formed between the first metal plate and the high-voltage line, a fifth equivalent capacitor is formed between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and a sixth equivalent capacitor is formed between the second metal plate and the ground.

[0018] As a further technical solution of the present invention, a friction layer is provided below the first metal plate.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the rectifier circuit includes: a first diode, a second diode, a third diode and a fourth diode; the anode of the first diode is connected to the first metal plate of the composite energy extraction module and the cathode of the second diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode, the anode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the third diode and grounded, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the second metal plate of the composite energy extraction module.

[0020] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the peak detection circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor and a first comparator; the first capacitor is connected in series with the first resistor, the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode, the connection point of the first capacitor and the first resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the first comparator, and the negative input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the anode of the second diode.

[0021] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the control circuit includes a first inverter, a second resistor, a second capacitor, a second inverter, a first AND gate, and a first MOS tube; the output end of the first comparator is connected to the input end of the first inverter, the output end of the first inverter is connected to the first input end of the first AND gate, the input end of the first inverter is connected to the input end of the second inverter through the second resistor, the input end of the second inverter is connected to the anode of the second diode through the second capacitor, the output end of the second inverter is connected to the second input end of the first AND gate, the output end of the first AND gate is connected to the gate of the first MOS tube, the drain of the first MOS tube is connected to the mutual inductance composite energy acquisition module, and the source of the first MOS tube is connected to the anode of the second diode.

[0022] As a further technical solution of the present invention, the mutual inductance energy extraction circuit is composed of a primary coil, a secondary coil, a fifth diode, a third capacitor, and a third inductor; the drain of the first MOS tube is connected to the opposite-name end of the primary coil, the same-name end of the primary coil is connected to the cathode of the first diode, the anode of the fifth diode is connected to the opposite-name end of the secondary coil, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the same-name end of the secondary coil through the third capacitor, and the third inductor is connected in parallel to the two ends of the third capacitor.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] The composite energy harvesting module of the present invention is located between the high-voltage line and the tower, and simultaneously collects electric field energy and friction energy under the action of electric field coupling and wind energy. The electric field coupling and friction composite energy harvesting device collects energy under the combined action of the time-varying electric field under the high-voltage line and wind energy, generates displacement current between the metal plates, i.e., in the management circuit, to realize energy transmission; by combining the composite energy harvesting module with the circuit, a passive differential circuit composed of resistors and capacitors is used for peak detection, and signal control is realized through a comparator, an inverter, and an AND gate to efficiently collect composite energy; the peak detection circuit is used to realize whether the circuit is harvesting energy; the mutual inductance circuit collects the composite energy in the energy harvesting device through the signal of the control circuit; the output end of the power supply circuit is respectively connected to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit, and the peak detection circuit is used to detect the peak value to complete the charge transfer, improve the energy harvesting efficiency and reduce the energy loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the composite energy harvesting module proposed in the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a control circuit diagram of an electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0029] See also Figure 1 , an electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device, comprising:

[0030] Composite energy extraction module, used to extract energy by combining electric field coupling and friction;

[0031] A mutual inductance energy extraction circuit is used to extract energy from the composite energy extraction module through electric field coupling;

[0032] A rectifier circuit, used to rectify the electric energy of the composite energy taking module;

[0033] A peak detection circuit is used to determine whether the detection circuit can obtain energy;

[0034] A control circuit receives the peak detection circuit and controls the mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit to acquire energy;

[0035] a power supply circuit, used for supplying power to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit;

[0036] The output end of the composite energy acquisition module is connected to the rectifier circuit, the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit, a mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit is provided on the composite energy acquisition module, the peak detection circuit and the mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit are connected to the control circuit, and the power supply circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit.

[0037] A peak detection circuit is used to determine whether the circuit is drawing energy; the control circuit is connected to the mutual inductance energy-drawing circuit, and the mutual inductance circuit collects the composite energy in the energy-drawing device through the signal of the control circuit; the output end of the power supply circuit is respectively connected to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit to power them; wherein the circuit is used to detect the peak value to complete the charge transfer, improve the energy-drawing efficiency and reduce energy loss.

[0038] The present invention combines a composite energy acquisition module with a circuit, uses a passive differential circuit composed of resistors and capacitors to perform peak detection, and realizes signal control through a comparator, an inverter, and an AND gate to efficiently collect composite energy.

[0039] See also Figure 2 , the composite energy acquisition module in the embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0040] A first metal plate SM1, a second metal plate SM2, and a pneumatic device are provided. A friction material is provided at the bottom of the first metal plate. The first and second metal plates SM1 and SM2 are provided below the high-voltage line. The second metal plate SM2 is provided below the first metal plate. The first and second metal plates SM1 and SM2 are connected to the pneumatic device. A fourth equivalent capacitor is provided between the first metal plate SM1 and the high-voltage line, a fifth equivalent capacitor is provided between the first and second metal plates SM1 and SM2, and a sixth equivalent capacitor is provided between the second metal plate SM2 and the ground. A friction layer MC1 is provided below the first metal plate SM1.

[0041] In this embodiment of the present invention, the entire equivalent closed circuit comprises the high-voltage line, the equivalent capacitor C4 between the high-voltage line and the upper metal plate SM1, the first metal plate SM1, the equivalent capacitor C5 between the first metal plate SM1 and the second metal plate SM2 and its management circuit, the second metal plate SM2, the equivalent capacitor C6 between the second metal plate SM2 and the ground, and the ground. The composite energy extraction device comprises the first metal plate SM1 and the second metal plate SM2, the friction material thereon, and the pneumatic device PD. It should be noted that the metal plates and friction material are not specific and may also be other metal plates and friction materials.

[0042] The hybrid energy harvesting module, located between the high-voltage power lines and the tower, simultaneously collects electric field energy and friction energy through electric field coupling and wind energy. The reusable management circuit utilizes a synchronized charge extraction scheme, enabling separate energy harvesting from electric field coupling, wind energy, or both.

[0043] First, the electric field coupling and friction composite energy harvesting device collects energy through the combined effects of the time-varying electric field under the high-voltage line and wind energy. The high-voltage line and the upper metal plate are electrically coupled due to the time-varying electric field near the high-voltage line. Through the coupling capacitance between the two, a displacement current is generated in the management circuit between the metal plates, achieving energy transmission. Simultaneously, wind energy, through the pneumatic device, causes the upper and lower metal plates to come into contact and separate, causing friction between the friction materials on them, generating induced charges on the metal plates and generating alternating current in the closed loop, achieving energy transmission. The energy harvesting device collects these two energies simultaneously, achieving composite energy collection.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, energy is harvested under different environmental conditions, which is divided into single energy harvesting and composite energy harvesting. Single energy harvesting is divided into two cases. First, in the case of only electric field coupling, charges accumulate on the metal plate under the action of the time-varying electric field. The peak value detection of the circuit is used to efficiently harvest the electric field energy. Secondly, in the case of only wind energy, charges accumulate on the metal plate during the contact and separation process of the friction material. The circuit detects the peak value and can also efficiently harvest the friction energy. In composite energy harvesting, when both exist at the same time, the composite energy is efficiently harvested by completing the peak value detection. The circuit energy is reused in these different cases to supply the power consumption of the wireless sensor.

[0045] See also Figure 3 The rectifier circuit is used in the collection process to change the output polarity of the negative half-cycle of the AC voltage from negative to positive, allowing the collection circuit to collect energy from both the positive and negative cycles. The rectifier circuit includes: a first diode d1, a second diode d2, a third diode d3, and a fourth diode d4; the anode of the first diode d1 is connected to the first metal plate of the composite energy harvesting module and the cathode of the second diode d2, the cathode of the first diode d1 is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode d4, the anode of the second diode d2 is connected to the anode of the third diode d3 and to ground, and the cathode of the third diode d3 is connected to the anode of the fourth diode d4 and the second metal plate of the composite energy harvesting module.

[0046] In an embodiment of the present invention, the peak detection circuit includes a first resistor R1, a first capacitor C1, and a first comparator A1. The first capacitor C1 is connected in series with the first resistor R1, the cathode of the first diode d1, and the anode of the second diode d2. The junction between the first capacitor C1 and the first resistor R1 is connected to the positive input terminal of the first comparator A1, and the negative input terminal of the first comparator A1 is connected to the anode of the second diode d2. The peak detection circuit is used to detect the peak voltage output by the rectifier circuit, so that the energy harvesting circuit can accurately collect the accumulated charge in the energy harvesting device at the voltage peak.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, the control circuit places the entire loop in two states: an energy-collecting state and an off state. During peak voltage conditions, the circuit is in the energy-collecting state for synchronous charge extraction, and during off-peak conditions, the circuit is in the off state for charge accumulation. The control circuit includes a first inverter Inv1, a second resistor R2, a second capacitor C2, a second inverter Inv2, a first AND gate And1, and a first MOSFET M1; the output end of the first comparator A1 is connected to the input end of the first inverter Inv1, the output end of the first inverter Inv1 is connected to the first input end of the first AND gate And1, the input end of the first inverter is connected to the input end of the second inverter Inv2 through the second resistor R2, the input end of the second inverter Inv2 is connected to the anode of the second diode d2 through the second capacitor C2, the output end of the second inverter Inv2 is connected to the second input end of the first AND gate And1, the output end of the first AND gate And1 is connected to the gate of the first MOSFET M1, the drain of the first MOSFET M1 is connected to the mutual inductance composite energy acquisition module, and the source of the first MOSFET M1 is connected to the anode of the second diode d2.

[0048] In an embodiment of the present invention, a mutual inductance energy-collecting circuit is used to store composite energy. When the circuit is in the energy-collecting state, the capacitor is charged through the mutual inductance coil. The mutual inductance energy-collecting circuit is composed of a primary coil L1, a secondary coil L2, a fifth diode d5, a third capacitor C3, and a third inductor L3. The drain of the first MOSFET M1 is connected to the opposite-name terminal of the primary coil L1, the same-name terminal of the primary coil L1 is connected to the cathode of the first diode d1, the anode of the fifth diode d5 is connected to the opposite-name terminal of the secondary coil L2, and the cathode of the fifth diode d5 is connected to the same-name terminal of the secondary coil L2 through the third capacitor C3. The third inductor L3 is connected in parallel to both ends of the third capacitor C3.

[0049] The power supply circuit includes a reference voltage source and a filter capacitor. The filter capacitor can be sized to suit different needs. The reference voltage source provides power to the comparator, inverter, and AND gate.

[0050] The present invention collects electric field energy and friction energy through a composite energy collection module to achieve composite energy collection. Then, a synchronous charge management scheme uses a differential circuit and a control circuit to extract energy from the device, achieving high efficiency, low loss, and low cost in energy extraction. The composite energy collection device collects electric field energy and friction energy through electric field coupling and friction. The working process can be divided into an energy collection state and an off state. In the off state, charge is accumulated on the composite energy collection device. In the energy collection state, the switch tube is turned on, and the accumulated charge begins to charge the capacitor through the mutual inductance energy collection circuit.

[0051] Off state: The peak detection circuit's comparator A1 outputs a high-level signal, the control circuit's first inverter Inv1 outputs a low-level signal, the second inverter Inv2 outputs a high-level signal, and the first AND gate And1 outputs a low-level signal. Switch M1 is off, and the composite energy harvesting device accumulates charge.

[0052] Energy-harvesting state: The peak detection circuit's comparator A1 outputs a low-level signal. The control circuit's first inverter Inv1 outputs a high-level signal. The second inverter Inv2 outputs a high-level signal. The first AND gate And1 outputs a high-level signal. Switch M1 is on. The energy-harvesting device begins charging the capacitor through the mutual inductance energy-harvesting circuit.

[0053] In the power-taking state, if the input level of the second inverter Inv2 satisfies

[0054] V c2 >V th

[0055] When , Vc2 is the voltage of the second capacitor, Vth is the voltage of the second resistor, the output of the second inverter Inv2 outputs a low level, the output of the first AND gate And1 changes from a high level to a low level, the switch M1 is in the off state, and the circuit changes from the energy-collecting state to the off state. The two states transition between each other, achieving highly efficient synchronous charge extraction.

[0056] In the above description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. However, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, so the present invention is not limited to the specific implementation disclosed above. At the same time, any person skilled in the art can make many possible changes and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention using the methods and technical contents disclosed above without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, or modify it into an equivalent embodiment of equivalent changes. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device, characterized in that: include: Composite energy extraction module, used to extract energy from electric field coupling and friction combination; A mutual inductance energy extraction circuit is used to extract energy from the composite energy extraction module through electric field coupling; A rectifier circuit, used to rectify the electric energy of the composite energy taking module; A peak detection circuit is used to determine whether the detection circuit can obtain energy; A control circuit receives the peak detection circuit and controls the mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit to acquire energy; a power supply circuit, used for supplying power to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit; The output end of the composite energy acquisition module is connected to the rectifier circuit, the output end of the rectifier circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit, a mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit is provided on the composite energy acquisition module, the peak detection circuit and the mutual inductance energy acquisition circuit are connected to the control circuit, and the power supply circuit is connected to the peak detection circuit and the control circuit; The composite energy acquisition module includes: A first metal plate, a second metal plate and a pneumatic device, wherein a friction material is provided on the bottom of the first metal plate, the first metal plate and the second metal plate are provided below the high-voltage line, the second metal plate is provided below the first metal plate, and the first metal plate and the second metal plate are connected to the pneumatic device; A fourth equivalent capacitor is formed between the first metal plate and the high-voltage line, a fifth equivalent capacitor is formed between the first metal plate and the second metal plate, and a sixth equivalent capacitor is formed between the second metal plate and the ground; A friction layer is provided below the first metal plate.

2. The electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectifier circuit includes: a first diode, a second diode, a third diode and a fourth diode; the anode of the first diode is connected to the first metal plate of the composite energy extraction module and the cathode of the second diode, the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the fourth diode, the anode of the second diode is connected to the anode of the third diode and grounded, and the cathode of the third diode is connected to the anode of the fourth diode and the second metal plate of the composite energy extraction module.

3. The electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peak detection circuit includes a first resistor, a first capacitor and a first comparator; the first capacitor is connected in series with the first resistor, the cathode of the first diode and the anode of the second diode, the connection point between the first capacitor and the first resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the first comparator, and the negative input terminal of the first comparator is connected to the anode of the second diode.

4. The electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control circuit includes a first inverter, a second resistor, a second capacitor, a second inverter, a first AND gate, and a first MOS tube; the output end of the first comparator is connected to the input end of the first inverter, the output end of the first inverter is connected to the first input end of the first AND gate, the input end of the first inverter is connected to the input end of the second inverter through the second resistor, the input end of the second inverter is connected to the anode of the second diode through the second capacitor, the output end of the second inverter is connected to the second input end of the first AND gate, the output end of the first AND gate is connected to the gate of the first MOS tube, the drain of the first MOS tube is connected to the mutual inductance composite energy acquisition module, and the source of the first MOS tube is connected to the anode of the second diode.

5. The electric field coupling and friction composite energy extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mutual inductance energy extraction circuit consists of a primary coil, a secondary coil, a fifth diode, a third capacitor, and a third inductor; the drain of the first MOS tube is connected to the opposite-name end of the primary coil, the same-name end of the primary coil is connected to the cathode of the first diode, the anode of the fifth diode is connected to the opposite-name end of the secondary coil, and the cathode of the fifth diode is connected to the same-name end of the secondary coil through the third capacitor. The third inductor is connected in parallel to both ends of the third capacitor.

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