A device and method for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy in a short process

Abstract

The present invention relates to a short-process continuous preparation device and method for directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy, wherein the upper end of the box body is connected with a box cover, the lower end of the box cover is fixed with a feeder and a feed rod, the box cover is fixed with a connecting rod, the connecting rod is fixed with a fixing plate, the fixing plate is fixed with a conical water-cooled steel funnel, the lower end of the conical water-cooled steel funnel is provided with a curved channel, the curved channel is covered with a water-cooled copper coil b, a water-cooled copper crucible is fixed on the bottom plate of the box body, the water-cooled copper crucible is covered with a water-cooled copper coil a, a gallium indium container is fixed on the lower end of the bottom plate of the box body, and a pull-down device is also provided below the gallium indium container. The present invention adopts a short-process preparation method for directly preparing niobium silicon directional solidification alloy by combining a conical water-cooled steel funnel with an electromagnetic cold crucible, and uses raw material components to overcome the problem of high components of the intermediate smelting mother ingot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of metal precision casting and relates to a device and a method for continuously preparing a directional solidification structure of a niobium-silicon alloy in a short process. Background Art

[0002] With the commissioning of my country's fifth-generation fighters, the operating temperature requirements for high-pressure turbine blades are getting higher and higher. At present, the operating temperature of nickel-based high-pressure turbine blades of aircraft has reached about 1100°C, which has reached 85% of its melting point and is difficult to increase further. As a new generation of lightweight and high-strength blade materials, niobium silicon alloy has the advantages of low density (≤7.2g / cm3), high melting point (≥1750°C), good high-temperature strength and processing performance, and is expected to become a new generation of high-temperature structural materials for aviation, aerospace and other fields. It is expected to replace nickel-based high-temperature alloys and achieve the goal of increasing the operating temperature of blades. However, for high-temperature alloys, transverse grain boundaries are their fatal weaknesses. Grain boundaries are areas of microscopic defects. During the high-temperature service of the alloy, defects such as voids and cracks are preferentially formed and grown near the grain boundaries, resulting in alloy damage. Directed solidification technology can obtain a uniformly oriented structure, eliminate transverse grain boundaries, and increase the operating temperature of the alloy.

[0003] At present, the process of preparing directionally solidified niobium silicon alloy is complicated and costly. In order to prepare directionally solidified niobium silicon alloy, a large-sized master ingot needs to be melted in a vacuum melting furnace, and material rods are cut from the master ingot. During the cutting process, some waste (about 30% of the master ingot) will be generated. Then the material rod is placed in the directional solidification equipment and remelted under vacuum conditions. The melted material is dripped into the crystallizer of the directional solidification equipment and grows directionally on the crystallizer. Due to the high melting point and high activity of niobium silicon alloy, the cost of melting the master ingot of niobium silicon alloy is extremely high. The cost of a ten-kilogram niobium silicon master ingot is about 50,000 yuan. In addition, a large amount of waste will be generated in the process of cutting the material rod, which also increases the cost of preparing directionally solidified niobium silicon alloy. If the material is directly melted and dripped into the crystallizer, the process of melting the master ingot and cutting the material rod is omitted, which will greatly reduce the cost of preparing directionally solidified niobium silicon alloy and improve production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the problem that in the existing traditional niobium-silicon alloy directional solidification process, a large-sized mother ingot needs to be melted and cut into multiple raw material rods for remelting, resulting in excessively high cost for directional solidification preparation of niobium-silicon alloy. An apparatus and method for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy in a short process is provided, which combines a conical water-cooled steel funnel with an electromagnetic cold crucible to directly prepare niobium-silicon directional solidification alloy using raw materials.

[0006] Technical Solution

[0007] A short-process continuous preparation device for directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy includes a box body, the upper end of the box body is connected to a box cover, a feeder is fixed to the lower end of the box cover, the feeding end of the feeder is arranged downward, a feeding rod is arranged at the feeding end of the feeder, four connecting rods are vertically fixed to the box cover, the connecting rods are located around the feeder, the lower ends of the four connecting rods are fixed to the four corners of the fixing plate, the middle part of the fixing plate is hollow, a conical water-cooled steel funnel is fixed to the middle part of the fixing plate, a curved channel is arranged at the lower end of the conical water-cooled steel funnel, and the end of the curved channel is vertically facing downward The curved channel is covered with a water-cooled copper coil b, a box bottom plate is arranged at the lower position of the box, a water-cooled copper crucible is fixed on the box bottom plate, the water-cooled copper crucible is covered with a water-cooled copper coil a, a gallium-indium container is fixed at the lower end of the box bottom plate, a support frame is arranged at the bottom end of the gallium-indium container, a through groove is vertically arranged on the water-cooled copper crucible, through holes are vertically arranged on the box bottom plate and the gallium-indium container, a pull-down device is also arranged below the gallium-indium container, a pull-down rod is arranged upward at the telescopic end of the pull-down device, the pull-down rod passes through the through hole at the lower end of the gallium-indium container, and the end of the curved channel, the water-cooled copper crucible and the pull-down rod are concentric.

[0008] Furthermore, one end of the curved channel connected to the conical water-cooled steel funnel is arranged vertically, and then the curved channel gradually bends upward, and the end of the curved channel gradually bends downward and the end is arranged vertically.

[0009] Furthermore, the feeder is a rotary motor, the feed rod is a threaded rod, and the lower end of the feed rod is located at the entrance of the curved channel.

[0010] Furthermore, a thermocouple b is embedded in the inner wall of the vertical through groove of the water-cooled copper crucible, and a thermocouple a is embedded in the inner wall of the conical water-cooled steel funnel. Both the thermocouple b and the thermocouple a are connected to a temperature display unit outside the box through a line. The thermocouple b and the thermocouple a are graphite thermocouples.

[0011] Furthermore, the cone angle of the conical water-cooled steel funnel is 20-30 degrees, the height is 200-400 mm, and the bottom aperture of the conical water-cooled steel funnel is 5-10 mm.

[0012] Furthermore, a cooling water chamber a is provided in the wall of the conical water-cooled steel funnel, and the cooling water chamber a is connected to a water source outside the box through a water pipe; a cooling water chamber b is provided in the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible, and the cooling water chamber b is connected to a water source outside the box through a water pipe.

[0013] Furthermore, the distance from the lower end surface of the curved channel to the upper end surface of the water-cooled copper crucible is 10-30 mm, the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible is 10-50 mm, the height is 100 mm, the wall thickness of the inner layer and the outer layer is 15 mm, and the inner layer and the outer layer wall are both provided with four corresponding slits, the slit height is 80 mm, and the slits are filled with filling material.

[0014] A method for continuously preparing niobium-silicon alloy directional solidification structure using the device comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Place the material in a conical water-cooled steel funnel, connect a guide rod to a pull rod, the guide rod has the same composition as the material, the lower end of the guide rod is located in the gallium indium liquid in the gallium indium container, and the upper end of the guide rod is located inside a water-cooled copper crucible;

[0016] Step 2: Fill the box with inert protective gas argon, connect the water-cooled copper coil b to the power supply, start the feeder and then feed the material into the curved channel through the feed rod. When the melting point of the material is reached, connect the water-cooled copper coil a to the power supply;

[0017] Step 3, the feeding rod continues to feed the material to the curved channel. When the first drop of molten liquid in the curved channel drips onto the guide rod, the feeding of the feeding rod is stopped. When the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible reaches the melting point of the material, the feeding rod is started again to feed the material, and the pull-down device is started, so that the material can grow on the guide rod after it melts and drips to form a semi-solid molten pool;

[0018] Step 4: The pulling device pulls the draw rod to pull the guide rod downward at a rate that matches the feeding rate of the feeding rod, thereby controlling the height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible, and the semi-solid molten pool enters the gallium indium liquid in the gallium indium container to cool;

[0019] Step 5: When the ingot grows to a predetermined height, the feeder is stopped to control the feeding rod to feed the material, and the pull-down device is stopped to control the pulling rod to pull, air is introduced into the box, and the gold material rod that has been directionally solidified is taken out.

[0020] Furthermore, the material in step 1 is pure metal particles mixed with pure Nb and pure Si and other elements or without other elements, and the particle diameter is 0.2-0.5 mm.

[0021] Furthermore, in the step 4, when the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible is 10°C higher than the melting point of the material, the feeding and pulling rates need to be reduced to lower the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible; when the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible is lower than the melting point of the material, the feeding and pulling rates need to be increased to increase the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible.

[0022] Advantages and effects

[0023] The present invention adopts a short-process preparation method that combines a conical water-cooled steel funnel with an electromagnetic cold crucible and uses raw material components to directly prepare a niobium-silicon directional solidification alloy, overcomes the problem of high intermediate smelting mother ingot components, and realizes the directional solidification preparation of niobium-silicon alloy efficiently and at low cost. The method is simple to operate and is conducive to realizing the advantages of industrial production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the equipment structure for short-process continuous preparation of niobium-silicon alloy directional solidification structure;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the conical water-cooled steel funnel;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure at the opening;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a photo of the prepared Nb-16Si solidified ingot;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a photo of the prepared Nb-16Si-22Ti directionally solidified ingot.

[0030] Description of reference numerals: 1. Feeding rod, 2. Nut, 3. Conical water-cooled steel funnel, 4. Water-cooled copper crucible, 5. Wire a, 6. Water-cooled copper coil a, 7. Cooling water chamber b, 8. Box bottom plate, 9. Gallium-indium container, 10. Lead rod, 11. Pull-out rod, 12. Gallium-indium liquid, 13. Support frame, 14. Pull-down device, 15. Connecting rod, 16. Fixing plate, 17. Material, 18. Thermocouple b, 19. Cooling water chamber a, 20. Box cover, 21. Feeder, 22. Box, 23. Power supply a, 24. Thermocouple a, 25. Water-cooled copper coil b, 26. Curved channel, 27. Power supply b, 28. Sealing material. 29. Slit, 30. Wire b. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a short-process continuous preparation device for directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy includes a box body 22, the upper end of the box body 22 is connected to a box cover 20, the lower end of the box cover 20 is fixed with a feeder 21, the feeding end of the feeder 21 is arranged downward, the feeding end of the feeder 21 is provided with a feeding rod 1, the feeder 21 is a rotating motor, the feeding rod 1 is a threaded rod, the lower end of the feeding rod 1 is located at the entrance of the curved channel 26, the speed of the material 17 entering the thread can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the feeder 21, and then the speed of the thread feeding the material 17 into the curved channel 26 can be controlled. The box cover 20 is vertically fixed with four connecting rods 15, and the connecting rods 15 are located around the feeder 21. The lower ends of the four connecting rods 15 are provided with threads and are fixed to the four corners of the fixing plate 16 by nuts 2. The middle part of the fixing plate 16 is hollow, and the middle part of the fixing plate 16 is fixed with a conical water-cooled steel funnel 3 by welding. The conical water-cooled steel funnel 3 contains pure Nb and pure Si and other elements or pure metal granular materials 17 mixed without other elements. The lower end of the conical water-cooled steel funnel 3 is provided with a curved channel 26. The curved channel 26 is connected to one end of the conical water-cooled steel funnel 3 in a vertical direction, and then the curved channel 26 gradually bends upward, and the end of the curved channel 26 gradually bends downward and the end is vertically arranged facing downward. The curved channel 26 is covered with a water-cooled copper coil b 25, and the water-cooled copper coil b 25 is connected to the power supply b outside the box body 22 through a wire b 30. 27 is connected, a box body bottom plate 8 is arranged at the lower position of the box body 22, a water-cooled copper crucible 4 is fixed on the box body bottom plate 8, a water-cooled copper coil a 6 is arranged on the outer shell of the water-cooled copper crucible 4, and the water-cooled copper coil a 6 is connected to the power supply a 23 outside the box body 22 through a wire a 5, a gallium indium container 9 is fixed at the lower end of the box body bottom plate 8, and a support frame 13 is arranged at the bottom end of the gallium indium container 9, a through groove is vertically arranged on the water-cooled copper crucible 4, a thermocouple b 18 is embedded in the inner wall of the vertical through groove of the water-cooled copper crucible 4, a thermocouple a 24 is embedded in the inner wall of the conical water-cooled steel funnel 3, and both the thermocouple b 18 and the thermocouple a 24 are connected to the temperature display unit outside the box body 22 through a line. The thermocouple b 18 and the thermocouple a 24 are graphite thermocouples. The bottom plate 8 of the box body and the gallium-indium container 9 are vertically provided with through holes. A pull-down device 14 is also provided below the gallium-indium container 9. The pull-down device 14 is an electrically retractable device. A pull-out rod 11 is provided upward at the retractable end of the pull-down device 14. The pull-out rod 11 passes through the through hole at the lower end of the gallium-indium container 9. The gallium-indium liquid 12 is contained in the gallium-indium container 9. The upper end of the pull-out rod 11 is connected to a feed rod 10 by a dovetail groove clamping method. The material of the feed rod 10 is the same as that of the material 17. The lower end of the feed rod 10 is located in the gallium-indium liquid 12 in the gallium-indium container 9. The upper end of the feed rod 10 is located on the inner side of the water-cooled copper crucible 4. The end of the curved channel 26, the water-cooled copper crucible 4 and the pull-out rod 11 are concentric. The box body 22 is also provided with air holes that can be closed and opened for vacuuming and filling with argon.

[0032] The conical water-cooled steel funnel 3 is made of 310 stainless steel, the cone angle of the conical water-cooled steel funnel 3 is 20-30 degrees, the height is 200-400 mm, and the bottom aperture of the conical water-cooled steel funnel is 5-10 mm. A cooling water cavity a19 is arranged in the wall of the conical water-cooled steel funnel 3, the temperature of the circulating cooling water introduced into the cooling water cavity a19 is lower than 30 degrees, and the cooling water cavity a19 is connected to the water source outside the box 22 through a water pipe; a cooling water cavity b7 is arranged in the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible 4, and the cooling water cavity b7 is connected to the water source outside the box 22 through a water pipe. The distance from the lower end surface of the curved channel 26 to the upper end surface of the water-cooled copper crucible 4 is 10~30mm, the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible 4 is 10~50mm, the height is 100mm, the wall thickness of the inner and outer layers is 15mm, and the inner and outer walls are provided with four corresponding slits 29, the height of the slit 29 is 80mm, and the slit 29 is filled with filling material 28.

[0033] The method for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy comprises the following steps:

[0034] Step 1, placing material 17 in a conical water-cooled steel funnel 3, the material 17 is pure Nb and pure Si and other elements or pure metal particles mixed without other elements, the particle diameter is 0.2-0.5mm, the guide rod 10 is connected to the pull rod 11 by a dovetail groove, the guide rod 10 and the material 17 have the same composition, the lower end of the guide rod 10 is located in the gallium indium liquid 12 in the gallium indium container 9, and the upper end of the guide rod 10 is located on the inner side of the water-cooled copper crucible 4;

[0035] Step 2: Fill the box 22 with inert protective gas argon, connect the water-cooled copper coil b 25 to the power supply, start the feeder 21 and then feed the material 17 into the curved channel 26 through the feed rod 1. When the melting point of the material 17 is reached, connect the water-cooled copper coil a 6 to the power supply;

[0036] Step 3, the feed rod 1 continues to feed the material to the curved channel 26. When the first drop of molten liquid in the curved channel 26 drips onto the guide rod 10, the feeding of the feed rod 1 is stopped. When the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible 4 reaches the melting point of the material 17, the feed rod 1 is started again to feed the material, and the pull-down device 14 is started, so that the material 17 can grow on the guide rod 10 after melting and dripping to form a semi-solid molten pool;

[0037] Step 4: The pulling device 14 pulls the pulling rod 11 to pull the guide rod 10 downward at a rate that matches the feeding rate of the feeding rod 1, thereby controlling the height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible 4, and the semi-solid molten pool enters the gallium indium liquid 12 in the gallium indium container 9 for cooling; when the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible 4 is 10°C higher than the melting point of the material 17, the feeding and pulling rates need to be reduced to reduce the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible 4; when the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible 4 is lower than the melting point of the material 17, the feeding and pulling rates need to be increased to increase the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible 4;

[0038] Step 5: When the ingot grows to a predetermined height, the feeder 21 is stopped to control the feeding rod 1 to feed the material, and the pull-down device 14 is stopped to control the pulling rod 11 to pull the material, and air is introduced into the box 22 to take out the gold material rod that has been directionally solidified. Example 1

[0039] A Nb-16Si lead rod with a diameter of 24 mm is connected to a pull rod by a dovetail groove and placed in a circular water-cooled copper crucible with an inner diameter of 30 mm. 280 g of Si and 4720 g of Nb are placed in a conical water-cooled steel funnel, where the materials are all 0.2 mm particles. The box is evacuated, and then protective gas argon is introduced with a pressure of 300 MPa. Cooling water is introduced into the water-cooled copper crucible and the copper coil. The power supply of the outer coil of the water-cooled steel funnel is started with a power of 65 kW. The feeding rod is started. When the thermocouple temperature reaches the melting point of the material, the power supply of the outer coil of the water-cooled copper crucible is started with a power of 62 kW. The magnetic field generated by the coil acts on the lead rod through the slit of the crucible. The material rod is fed into the water-cooled copper crucible and the lead rod is melted; when the first drop of solution in the water-cooled steel funnel drips onto the lead rod, the feeding is stopped. When the temperature of the thermocouple reaches the melting point of the material (2080ºC), the feed rod is started again, and the pull-out rod is started. The material melts and grows on the lead rod; the pull-down rate of the pull-out rod matches the feeding rate of the feed rod, and the pull-down rate of the pull-out rod is 2mm / min. The temperature of the thermocouple is observed to calculate the height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible. By controlling the feeding rate of the feed rod, the height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible is controlled. The height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible is controlled to be about 30mm; when the ingot grows to a predetermined length, the heating is stopped. When the sample is cooled, the sample is taken out, such as Figure 4 Shown is the directional solidification structure of Nb-16Si alloy, and the typical directional solidification microstructure of Nb-16Si alloy can be observed. Example 2

[0040] A Nb-16Si-22Ti lead rod with a diameter of 15 mm is connected to a pull rod by a dovetail groove and placed in a circular water-cooled copper crucible with an inner diameter of 30 mm. 74 g of Si, 952 g of Nb, and 174 g of Ti are placed in a conical water-cooled steel funnel, where the materials are all 0.5 mm particles. The box is evacuated, and then protective gas argon is introduced with a pressure of 300 MPa. Cooling water is introduced into the water-cooled copper crucible and the copper coil. The water-cooled steel funnel power supply is started with a power of 62 kW. The feeding rod is started. When the thermocouple temperature reaches the melting point of the material, the water-cooled copper crucible power supply is started with a power of 58 kW. The magnetic field generated by the coil acts on the crucible through the slit of the crucible. The feed rod is used to melt the feed rod; when the first drop of solution in the water-cooled steel funnel drips onto the feed rod, the material is fed. When the temperature of the thermocouple reaches the melting point of the material (1960°C), the feed rod is started again, and the pull-out rod is started. The material melts and grows on the feed rod; the pull-down rate of the pull-out rod matches the feeding rate of the feed rod, and the pull-down rate of the pull-out rod is 3 mm / min. The height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible is calculated by controlling the temperature of the thermocouple. The height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible is controlled by controlling the feeding rate of the feed rod. The height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible is controlled to be about 30 mm. When the ingot grows to a predetermined length, heating is stopped. When the sample is cooled, the sample is taken out, such as Figure 5 Shown is the directional solidification structure of Nb-16Si-22Ti alloy, and the typical directional solidification microstructure of Nb-16Si-22Ti alloy can be observed.

[0041] The equipment and method of this patent are also applicable to the directional solidification preparation of copper-based and molybdenum-based alloys. Obviously, the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly explaining the present invention, and are not limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in the relevant field, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. It is impossible to list all the embodiments here. All obvious changes or modifications derived from the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy in a short process, comprising a box (22), characterized in that: The upper end of the box body (22) is connected to a box cover (20), a feeder (21) is fixed to the lower end of the box cover (20), the feeding end of the feeder (21) is arranged downward, a feeding rod (1) is arranged at the feeding end of the feeder (21), four connecting rods (15) are vertically fixed to the box cover (20), the connecting rods (15) are located around the feeder (21), the lower ends of the four connecting rods (15) are fixed to the four corners of the fixing plate (16), the middle part of the fixing plate (16) is hollow, a conical water-cooled steel funnel (3) is fixed to the middle part of the fixing plate (16), a curved channel (26) is arranged at the lower end of the conical water-cooled steel funnel (3), the end of the curved channel (26) is vertically facing downward, and the curved channel (26) is covered with a water-cooled copper coil b( 25), a box body bottom plate (8) is arranged at the lower position of the box body (22), a water-cooled copper crucible (4) is fixed on the box body bottom plate (8), the water-cooled copper crucible (4) is covered with a water-cooled copper coil a (6), a gallium-indium container (9) is fixed at the lower end of the box body bottom plate (8), a support frame (13) is arranged at the bottom end of the gallium-indium container (9), a through groove is arranged vertically in the water-cooled copper crucible (4), a through hole is arranged vertically in the box body bottom plate (8) and the gallium-indium container (9), a pull-down device (14) is also arranged below the gallium-indium container (9), a pull-down rod (11) is arranged upward at the telescopic end of the pull-down device (14), the pull-down rod (11) passes through the through hole at the lower end of the gallium-indium container (9), and the end of the curved channel (26), the water-cooled copper crucible (4) and the pull-down rod (11) are concentric.

2. The equipment for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy by short process according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the curved channel (26) connected to the conical water-cooled steel funnel (3) is arranged in a vertical direction, and then the curved channel (26) gradually bends upward, and the end of the curved channel (26) gradually bends downward and the end is arranged vertically.

3. The equipment for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy by short process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeder (21) is a rotary motor, the feed rod (1) is a threaded rod, and the lower end of the feed rod (1) is located within the entrance of the curved channel (26).

4. The equipment for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy by short process according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermocouple b (18) is embedded in the inner wall of the vertical through groove of the water-cooled copper crucible (4), and a thermocouple a (24) is embedded in the inner wall of the conical water-cooled steel funnel (3). Both the thermocouple b (18) and the thermocouple a (24) are connected to a temperature display unit outside the box (22) through a line. The thermocouple b (18) and the thermocouple a (24) are graphite thermocouples.

5. The equipment for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy by short process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical water-cooled steel funnel (3) has a cone angle of 20 to 30 degrees, a height of 200 to 400 mm, and a bottom aperture of 5 to 10 mm.

6. The equipment for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy by short process according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cooling water chamber a (19) is provided in the wall of the conical water-cooled steel funnel (3), and the cooling water chamber a (19) is connected to a water source outside the box (22) through a water pipe; a cooling water chamber b (7) is provided in the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (4), and the cooling water chamber b (7) is connected to a water source outside the box (22) through a water pipe.

7. The equipment for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium-silicon alloy by short process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distance between the lower end surface of the curved channel (26) and the upper end surface of the water-cooled copper crucible (4) is 10-30 mm, the inner diameter of the water-cooled copper crucible (4) is 10-50 mm, the height is 100 mm, the wall thickness of the inner layer and the outer layer are both 15 mm, the inner layer and the outer layer wall are both provided with four corresponding slits (29), the height of the slits (29) is 80 mm, and the slits (29) are filled with a caulking material (28).

8. A method for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy using the apparatus as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, placing the material (17) in a conical water-cooled steel funnel (3), connecting a guide rod (10) to a pull rod (11), wherein the guide rod (10) has the same composition as the material (17), the lower end of the guide rod (10) is located in the gallium-indium liquid (12) in the gallium-indium container (9), and the upper end of the guide rod (10) is located on the inner side of the water-cooled copper crucible (4); Step 2: Fill the box (22) with inert protective gas argon, connect the water-cooled copper coil b (25) to a power source, start the feeder (21), and then feed the material (17) into the curved channel (26) through the feed rod (1). When the melting point of the material (17) is reached, connect the water-cooled copper coil a (6) to a power source; Step 3, the feed rod (1) continues to feed the material to the curved channel (26). When the first drop of molten liquid in the curved channel (26) drips onto the guide rod (10), the feeding of the feed rod (1) is stopped. When the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible (4) reaches the melting point of the material (17), the feed rod (1) is started again to feed the material, and the pull-down device (14) is started, so that the material (17) can grow on the guide rod (10) after melting and dripping, and form a semi-solid molten pool; Step 4: The pulling device (14) pulls the pulling rod (11) to pull the guide rod (10) downward at a rate that matches the feeding rate of the feeding rod (1), thereby controlling the height of the molten pool in the water-cooled copper crucible (4), and the semi-solid molten pool enters the gallium indium liquid (12) in the gallium indium container (9) for cooling; Step 5: When the ingot grows to a predetermined height, the feeder (21) is stopped to control the feed rod (1) to feed the material, and the pull-down device (14) is stopped to control the pull rod (11) to pull, and air is introduced into the box (22) to take out the gold material rod that has been directionally solidified.

9. The method for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The material (17) in step 1 is pure metal particles mixed with pure Nb and pure Si and other elements or without other elements, and the particle diameter is 0.2-0.5 mm.

10. The method for continuously preparing directional solidification structure of niobium silicon alloy according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the fourth step, when the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible (4) is higher than the melting point of the material (17) by 10° C., the feeding and pulling rates need to be reduced to lower the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible (4); and when the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible (4) is lower than the melting point of the material (17), the feeding and pulling rates need to be increased to raise the temperature in the water-cooled copper crucible (4).

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