A laser peening forming device and method with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer

Abstract

The application relates to a laser shot peening forming device and method with an explosion shock wave as a constraint layer, which comprises a constraint layer preparation system and a laser shot peening forming system, the constraint layer preparation system is fixed, and the laser shot peening forming system is opposite to an explosion particle shock wave opening. The constraint layer preparation system comprises an explosion particle ball transmission device and an explosion particle ball ignition device, mainly comprises telescopic rods, door-shaped support plates, a fan and other equipment, can suspend the explosion particle ball in the air, and then ignites the explosion particle ball by using a nanosecond laser; the laser shot peening forming system is directly irradiated on the workpiece surface by a hundred-joule laser. The application uses the fluid dynamics theory, combines the characteristics that high-pressure airflow exists interaction, restrains and strengthens the plasma airflow generated on the workpiece surface by the shock wave generated by the explosion particle ball, and thus the effect of the constraint layer is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of laser shock forming, and particularly relates to a laser shot forming device and method with explosive shock wave as a constraint layer. BACKGROUND

[0002] The laser shot forming is a new flexible and precise moldless forming method, which comprises sequentially covering an absorption layer and a constraint layer on the surface of a workpiece to be processed, and irradiating the workpiece vertically with laser through the constraint layer, so that the laser is absorbed by the absorption layer, and the absorption layer is gasified, ionized, exploded and expanded to induce a high-pressure plasma shock wave on the surface of the workpiece, and the high-pressure plasma shock wave is diffused and limited by the constraint layer to strongly act on the surface of the workpiece.

[0003] The constraint layer currently used generally includes glass, flowing water and flexible film, among which water is most widely used due to low cost, good flexibility and strong adaptability, but has an important disadvantage of insufficient rigidity of the water layer. The glass constraint layer can greatly improve the shock wave pressure and impact, but has problems of large consumption, high cost and inconvenience in replacement. The flexible constraint layer is prone to generating bubbles during the laser shock process, which is not conducive to continuous impact. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a laser shot forming device and method with explosive shock wave as a constraint layer, which provides a new impact mode by taking the explosive shock wave as the constraint layer.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: a laser shot forming device with explosive shock wave as a constraint layer, comprising a laser shot forming system and a second nanosecond laser, wherein the constraint layer side of the laser shot forming system is provided with an explosive shock wave constraint cavity, and an explosive particle ball is arranged in the explosive shock wave constraint cavity, and the light spot emitted by the second nanosecond laser is directly opposite to the explosive particle ball.

[0006] In the above scheme, the explosive shock wave constraint cavity comprises a baffle and a rack, and an optical glass is arranged between the baffle and the rack, the laser beam emitted by the second nanosecond laser is directly opposite to the explosive particle ball after passing through the optical glass, and the cavity surrounded by the baffle, the rack and the optical glass is the explosive shock wave constraint cavity.

[0007] The rack is internally provided with a particle explosion ball storage box and an explosion particle ball output pipeline, the explosion particle ball output pipeline is in communication with the particle explosion ball storage box, a second fan is arranged on the explosion particle ball output pipeline, an annular baffle is arranged at the outlet of the explosion particle ball output pipeline, a plurality of first fans are arranged below the annular baffle, the second fan is used to convey the explosion particle ball in the particle explosion ball storage box to the explosion shock wave confinement cavity along the explosion particle output pipeline, and the first fan is used to control the position of the explosion particle ball in the explosion shock wave confinement cavity.

[0008] The door-shaped support plate is arranged in the explosion particle ball output pipeline, the door-shaped support plate is located at the outlet of the particle explosion ball storage box, the door-shaped support plate is connected with a telescopic rod below, the telescopic rod is fixedly connected with a second motor, and the door-shaped support plate is used to convey the explosion particle ball in the particle explosion ball storage box to the second fan.

[0009] The rack is internally provided with a first motor, and a telescopic plate is arranged in the explosion particle ball output pipeline, the telescopic plate is located between the second fan and the outlet of the explosion particle ball output pipeline, and the first motor controls the on-off of the explosion particle ball output pipeline by controlling the movement position of the telescopic plate.

[0010] The explosion shock wave confinement cavity is additionally provided with a first three-dimensional information collector.

[0011] The laser peening forming system comprises an x-y-z three-axis machining platform and a nanosecond laser, a target plate is fixed on the x-y-z three-axis machining platform, an absorption layer is arranged on the target plate, and the laser emitted by the first nanosecond laser is focused on the absorption layer after passing through a reflecting mirror and a focusing mirror in sequence.

[0012] The absorption layer is additionally provided with a second three-dimensional information collector.

[0013] The x-y-z three-axis machining platform is connected with a motion controller, and the motion controller, the first nanosecond laser, the first three-dimensional information collector, the second three-dimensional information collector, the second nanosecond laser, the first fan, the second fan, the first motor and the second motor are all connected with a computer signal.

[0014] The application also provides a laser peening forming device and a laser peening forming method, which comprises the following steps: S1, opening the opening in the particle explosion ball storage box to make the explosion particle ball flow out to the door-shaped support plate along the pipeline; S2, starting the second motor to drive the telescopic rod to move the explosion particle ball to the air outlet of the second fan, and starting the first motor to retract the telescopic plate; S3, starting the second fan to blow the explosion particle ball out, and starting the first fan to make the explosion particle ball suspended in the air; starting the first three-dimensional information collector and the second three-dimensional information collector to monitor the explosion particle ball and the absorption layer respectively; the position of the explosion particle ball in suspension can be controlled by changing the angle and size of the wind speed of the first fan, starting the first motor to extend the telescopic plate, and starting the second motor to retract the telescopic rod to make the next explosion particle ball flow out to the door-shaped support plate; S4, starting the x-y-z three-axis machining platform to make the target plate to be processed and the explosion particle ball in suspension be flush, and starting the first nanosecond laser and the second nanosecond laser; repeating the steps S2-S4.

[0015] The application has the following advantages: (1) the explosion shock wave not only has the effect of constraining the plasma shock wave, but also has the effect of enhancing; (2) the four fans utilize the gas flow to easily control the position of the explosion particle ball by changing the flow rate; (3) the explosion particle ball is composed of dust, explosive particles and flammable gas, and the explosion temperature is lower, so it is more convenient to use the laser to detonate the explosion particle ball; (4) the explosion shock wave generated by the explosion particle ball is five-sided constrained, so the shock wave is more concentrated to diffuse to the absorption layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device.

[0017] In the figure: 1, first nanosecond laser; 2, reflecting mirror; 3, computer; 4, first three-dimensional information collector; 5, focusing mirror; 6, second three-dimensional information collector; 7, baffle; 8, absorption layer; 9, target plate; 10, x-y-z three-axis machining platform; 11, reflecting mirror; 12, focusing mirror; 13, optical glass; 14, explosion particle ball; 15, annular baffle; 16, first motor; 17, first fan; 18, telescopic plate; 19, particle explosion ball storage box; 20, second nanosecond laser; 21, second fan; 22, motion controller; 23, door-shaped support plate; 24, telescopic rod; 25, second motor; 26, rack. EMBODIMENT

[0018] Although the embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to these embodiments since modifications, equivalents, alternatives and variations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which are defined solely by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

[0019] The technical solutions of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

[0020] As shown in the drawings, the present application provides a laser shot forming device with explosion shock wave as constraint layer, which comprises a constraint layer preparation system and a laser shot forming system. Figure 1 The constraint layer preparation system is fixed, and the laser shot forming system is opposite to the opening of the explosion particle shock wave. The constraint layer preparation system comprises a second motor 25, an extension rod 24, a door-shaped support plate 23, a second fan 21, an extension plate 18, a first motor 16, a first fan 17, an annular baffle 15, an explosion particle ball 14, optical glass 13, a baffle 7, a second nanosecond laser 20, a first three-dimensional information collector 4 and other components. The laser shot forming system comprises a motion controller 22, an x-y-z three-axis machining platform 10, a target plate 9, an absorption layer 8, a second three-dimensional information collector 6, a first nanosecond laser 1 and other components. The laser emitted by the first nanosecond laser 1 is focused on the absorption layer 8 after passing through the reflector 2 and the focusing mirror 5 in turn.

[0021] The door-shaped support plate 23 is connected to the extension rod 24 and can move up and down. When the door-shaped support plate 23 moves upward, it will block the passage of the particle explosion ball storage box 19 and prevent the explosion particle ball 14 from sliding down. The outlet of the second fan 21 is opposite to the explosion particle ball 14, which can be blown out of the pipeline. At this time, the extension plate 18 is in a contracted state, and the extension plate 18 is extended before the laser beam explodes the explosion particle ball 14 to play a protective role. The air flow blown by the first fan 17 can make the explosion particle ball 14 suspended in the air, and the second nanosecond laser 20 focuses on the explosion particle ball 14. The explosion particle ball 14 is composed of dust, explosive particles and flammable gas. The optical glass 13 is connected to the baffle 7 and the rack 26, which plays a certain constraint role on the explosion particle ball 14, so that it mainly diffuses to the workpiece 8.

[0022] The embodiment provides a laser shot forming method with an explosion shock wave as a constraint layer, comprising the following steps: S1 opening an opening in a particle explosion ball storage box 19 to make the explosion particle ball 14 flow out along a pipeline to a door-shaped support plate 23; S2 starting a second motor 25 to drive a telescopic rod 24 to move the explosion particle ball 14 to a second fan 21 opening, and starting a first motor 16 to retract a telescopic plate 18; S3 starting the second fan 21 to blow the explosion particle ball 14 out, and starting a first fan 17 to make the explosion particle ball 14 suspend in the air; starting a first three-dimensional information collector 4 and a second three-dimensional information collector 6 to monitor the explosion particle ball 14 and an absorption layer 8 respectively; the position of the explosion particle ball 14 in suspension can be controlled by changing the angle and size of the wind speed of the first fan 17, the first motor 16 is started to extend the telescopic plate 18, and the second motor 25 is started to retract the telescopic rod 24 to make the next explosion particle ball 14 flow out to the door-shaped support plate 23; S4 starting an x-y-z three-axis machining platform 10 to make a target plate 9 to be processed to be flush with the position of the explosion particle ball 14 in suspension, and starting a first nanosecond laser 1 and a second nanosecond laser 20; repeating the steps S2-S4.

[0023] Preferably, the first fan 17 has four same sizes, and the position of the explosion particle ball 14 in suspension can be flexibly controlled by controlling the angle and wind speed.

[0024] Preferably, the laser shot forming method with an explosion shock wave as a constraint layer has the following characteristics: the first nanosecond laser 1 adopts a Gaussian light spot, the diameter of the light spot is 5-8 mm, and the laser energy is 50-100 J; the laser energy of the second nanosecond laser 20 is 0.1-0.5 J; and the explosion particle ball 14 is at a certain distance from the absorption layer 8, so that when the shock wave generated by explosion of the explosion particle ball 14 spreads to the non-laser irradiation area of the absorption layer 8, the force generated cannot affect the target plate 9.

Claims

1. A laser peening forming apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer, characterized by, The application relates to a laser peening forming system and a second nanosecond laser (20), wherein a constraint layer side of the laser peening forming system is provided with an explosion shock wave constraint cavity, an explosion particle ball (14) is arranged in the explosion shock wave constraint cavity, and a light spot emitted by the second nanosecond laser (20) is opposite to the explosion particle ball (14); the explosion shock wave constraint cavity comprises a baffle (7) and a rack (26), and an optical glass (13) is arranged between the baffle (7) and the rack (26); a laser beam emitted by the second nanosecond laser (20) passes through the optical glass (13) and is opposite to the explosion particle ball (14); a cavity surrounded by the baffle (7), the rack (26) and the optical glass (13) is an explosion shock wave constraint cavity; a particle explosion ball storage box (19) and an explosion particle ball output pipeline are arranged in the rack (26); the explosion particle ball output pipeline is communicated with the particle explosion ball storage box (19); a second fan (21) is arranged on the explosion particle ball output pipeline; a ring-shaped baffle (15) is arranged at an outlet of the explosion particle ball output pipeline; a plurality of first fans (17) are arranged below the ring-shaped baffle (15); the second fan (21) is used for conveying the explosion particle ball (14) in the particle explosion ball storage box (19) to the explosion shock wave constraint cavity along the explosion particle output pipeline; and the first fan (17) is used for controlling the position of the explosion particle ball (14) in the explosion shock wave constraint cavity; the laser peening forming system is opposite to an explosion particle shock wave opening.

2. The laser peening apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer according to claim 1, wherein A door-shaped support plate (23) is arranged in the explosion particle ball output pipeline; the door-shaped support plate (23) is located at an outlet of the particle explosion ball storage box (19); a telescopic rod (24) is connected to the lower portion of the door-shaped support plate (23); the telescopic rod (24) is fixedly connected with a second motor (25); and the door-shaped support plate (23) is used for conveying the explosion particle ball (14) in the particle explosion ball storage box (19) to the second fan (21).

3. The laser peening apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer according to claim 2, wherein A first motor (16) is arranged in the rack (26); a telescopic plate (18) is arranged in the explosion particle ball output pipeline; the telescopic plate (18) is located between the second fan (21) and the outlet of the explosion particle ball output pipeline; and the first motor (16) controls the on-off of the explosion particle ball output pipeline by controlling the movement position of the telescopic plate (18).

4. The laser peening apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer according to claim 3, wherein A first three-dimensional information collector (4) is arranged near the explosion shock wave constraint cavity.

5. The laser peening apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer according to claim 4, wherein The laser peening forming system comprises an x-y-z three-axis machining platform (10) and a first nanosecond laser (1); a target plate (9) is fixed on the x-y-z three-axis machining platform (10); an absorption layer (8) is arranged on the target plate (9); and a laser emitted by the first nanosecond laser (1) passes through a reflecting mirror (2) and a focusing mirror (5) in sequence and is focused on the absorption layer (8).

6. The laser peening apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer according to claim 5, wherein A second three-dimensional information collector (6) is arranged near the absorption layer (8).

7. The laser peening apparatus with an explosive shock wave as a confinement layer according to claim 6, wherein The x-y-z three-axis machining platform (10) is connected with a motion controller (22), the motion controller (22), the first nanosecond laser (1), the first three-dimensional information collector (4), the second three-dimensional information collector (6), the second nanosecond laser (20), the first fan (17), the second fan (21), the first motor (16) and the second motor (25) are all connected with a computer (3) in signal.

8. A laser peening forming method using the laser peening forming apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1 opening the opening in the particle explosion ball storage box (19) to make the explosion particle ball (14) flow out along the pipeline to the door-shaped support plate (23); S2 starting the second motor (25) to drive the telescopic rod (24) to move the explosion particle ball (14) to the air outlet of the second fan (21), and starting the first motor (16) to retract the telescopic plate (18); S3 starting the second fan (21) to blow the explosion particle ball (14) out, and starting the first fan (17) to make the explosion particle ball (14) suspended in the air; starting the first three-dimensional information collector (4) and the second three-dimensional information collector (6) to monitor the explosion particle ball (14) and the absorption layer (8) respectively; by changing the angle and size of the wind speed of the first fan (17), the position of the explosion particle ball (14) in suspension can be controlled, starting the first motor (16) to extend the telescopic plate (18), and starting the second motor (25) to retract the telescopic rod (24) to make the next explosion particle ball (14) flow out to the door-shaped support plate (23); S4 starting the x-y-z three-axis machining platform (10) to make the target plate (9) to be processed to be flush with the position of the explosion particle ball (14) in suspension, and starting the first nanosecond laser (1) and the second nanosecond laser (20); repeating the steps of S2-S4.

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