Tunnel protection structure and construction method of fully mechanized mining working face

Abstract

The present invention provides a tunnel protection structure and construction method for a comprehensive mining working face. The tunnel protection structure for the comprehensive mining working face includes: a mining-affected tunnel, a recovery tunnel, a roof and a floor. The recovery tunnel is parallel to the mining-affected tunnel. The roof is arranged on the top surfaces of the mining-affected tunnel and the recovery tunnel, and the floor is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the mining-affected tunnel and the recovery tunnel. A first pressure relief hole is provided at the top of the recovery tunnel on the side close to the mining-affected tunnel, and the first pressure relief hole extends toward the roof above the mining-affected tunnel. A second pressure relief hole is provided at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel on the side close to the recovery tunnel, and the second pressure relief hole extends toward the floor below the recovery tunnel. Supporting parts are provided at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel. The present invention adopts a deep unloading-shallow shaping method to combine top-cutting unloading, bottom-breaking unloading and supporting parts, thereby blocking or reducing energy transfer, strengthening the strength of the mining-affected tunnel, avoiding end face shrinkage of the mining-affected tunnel, and protecting the mining-affected tunnel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a fully mechanized mining working face tunnel protection structure and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] During coal mining, the main tunnel serves as a vital passageway for transportation and pedestrians. Its service life spans the entire mining cycle, making it the mine's veritable "lifeline." However, due to the need for successive mining operations, mining faces are often arranged parallel to the main tunnel. Because the tunnel is disturbed by mining from adjacent working faces, supporting stress exists on the lateral cantilever of the working face, which easily leads to stress concentration around the main tunnel. Furthermore, the original support strength of the main tunnel was low, its service life was long, and the shallow surrounding rock was damaged, resulting in low bearing capacity, and even failure of support in some areas. The sole use of anchor bolts is difficult to meet the support requirements of deep burial depths, strong dynamic pressure, and soft, broken surrounding rock.

[0003] At present, the support is usually strengthened by repeated expansion and reinforcement, which is costly and causes a significant reduction in the cross-section of the tunnel, affecting mine transportation and having low safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a tunnel protection structure and construction method for a fully mechanized mining working face, which is used to solve the problem in the prior art of strengthening support by repeatedly expanding and reinforcing the support, which is costly, causes a significant shrinkage of the tunnel cross section, affects mine transportation, and has low safety.

[0005] The present invention provides a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face, comprising: a mining-affected tunnel, a recovery tunnel, a roof and a floor, wherein the recovery tunnel is parallel to the mining-affected tunnel, the roof is arranged on the top surfaces of the mining-affected tunnel and the recovery tunnel, and the floor is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the mining-affected tunnel and the recovery tunnel; a first pressure relief hole is provided at the top of the recovery tunnel close to one side of the mining-affected tunnel, and the first pressure relief hole extends toward the roof above the mining-affected tunnel; a second pressure relief hole is provided at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel close to one side of the recovery tunnel, and the second pressure relief hole extends toward the floor below the recovery tunnel; support parts are provided on the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel.

[0006] According to a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention, the roof has a key layer, and the depth of the first pressure relief hole is higher than the key layer.

[0007] According to a fully mechanized mining working face lane protection structure provided by the present invention, the fully mechanized mining working face lane protection structure also includes a coal pillar, which is arranged between the mining-affected lane and the mining lane. The angle between the central axis of the first pressure relief hole and the top surface of the coal pillar is an acute angle; the angle between the central axis of the second pressure relief hole and the bottom surface of the coal pillar is an acute angle.

[0008] According to a fully mechanized mining working face roadway protection structure provided by the present invention, there are multiple first pressure relief holes, and the multiple first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining roadway.

[0009] According to a fully mechanized mining working face lane protection structure provided by the present invention, there are multiple second pressure relief holes, and the multiple second pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining-affected lane.

[0010] According to a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention, a plurality of first pressure relief belts are provided on the peripheral wall surface of each of the first pressure relief holes, and a plurality of second pressure relief belts are provided on the peripheral wall surface of each of the second pressure relief holes. Both the first pressure relief belts and the second pressure relief belts are used to reduce energy.

[0011] According to a fully mechanized mining working face tunnel protection structure provided by the present invention, the supporting member includes at least one of a grouting member, an anchor rod and an anchor cable.

[0012] The present invention also provides a construction method of a tunnel protection structure for a comprehensive mining working face, which is based on the comprehensive mining working face tunnel protection structure described in any one of the above items, including: drilling a plurality of first pressure relief holes at the top of the mining tunnel close to the side of the mining affected tunnel, and the plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining tunnel, and the first pressure relief holes extend toward the roof above the mining affected tunnel; drilling a plurality of second pressure relief holes at the bottom of the mining affected tunnel close to the side of the mining affected tunnel, and the plurality of second pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining affected tunnel, and the second pressure relief holes extend toward the bottom plate below the mining tunnel; and arranging support parts at the top and both sides of the mining affected tunnel.

[0013] According to a method for constructing a tunnel protection structure for a fully-mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention, the method also includes: forming a plurality of first pressure relief belts on the peripheral wall surface of each of the first pressure relief holes by means of reverse hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing; forming a plurality of second pressure relief belts on the peripheral wall surface of each of the second pressure relief holes by means of reverse hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing.

[0014] According to a construction method of a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention, support parts are set at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, including: drilling a plurality of grouting holes at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, and grouting into the plurality of grouting holes to form grouting parts; and / or, anchor rods and / or anchor cable supports are set at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel.

[0015] The comprehensive mining working face protection structure and construction method provided by the present invention are as follows: a first pressure relief hole is set at the top of the mining tunnel near the side of the mining affected tunnel, and the first pressure relief hole is extended toward the roof above the mining affected tunnel, so as to relieve pressure on the roof, reduce the energy passing through the roof during mining or stabilization, and avoid collapse of the mining affected tunnel; a second pressure relief hole is set at the bottom of the mining affected tunnel near the side of the mining tunnel, and the second pressure relief hole is extended toward the bottom plate below the mining tunnel, so as to relieve pressure on the bottom plate, reduce the energy passing through the bottom plate during mining or stabilization, avoid bottom heave in the mining affected tunnel, and reduce the impact on the mining affected tunnel during mining or stabilization; support parts are set at the top and both sides of the mining affected tunnel to form a surrounding rock reshaping bearing structure, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the mining affected tunnel and enhancing the structural strength of the mining affected tunnel. The present invention adopts the method of deep unloading and shallow plasticization, combines top cutting unloading, bottom breaking unloading and support parts, effectively blocks or reduces the transfer of energy, strengthens the strength of the mining-affected tunnel, avoids the end face shrinkage of the mining-affected tunnel, effectively protects the mining-affected tunnel, and ensures the transportation safety of the mine at a low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a front view of the fully mechanized mining working face tunnel protection structure provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a top view of the tunnel protection structure of the fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the construction method of the tunnel protection structure of the fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention;

[0020] Reference numerals:

[0021] 1: Mining-affected tunnel; 2: Mining tunnel; 3: Roof; 4: Floor; 5: Coal pillar; 6: First pressure relief hole; 7: First pressure relief zone; 8: Second pressure relief hole; 9: Second pressure relief zone; 10: Support component; 11: Grouting hole; 12: Energy source; 13: Goaf. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] The following combination Figures 1 to 3 The invention describes the tunnel protection structure and construction method of the fully mechanized mining working face.

[0024] The fully mechanized mining working face protection structure provided by the present invention comprises: a mining-affected tunnel 1, a recovery tunnel 2, a roof 3 and a floor 4, the recovery tunnel 2 is parallel to the mining-affected tunnel 1, the roof 3 is arranged on the top surfaces of the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2, and the floor 4 is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2; a first pressure relief hole 6 is provided at the top of the recovery tunnel 2 on the side close to the mining-affected tunnel 1, and the first pressure relief hole 6 extends toward the roof 3 above the mining-affected tunnel 1; a second pressure relief hole 8 is provided at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel 1 on the side close to the recovery tunnel 2, and the second pressure relief hole 8 extends toward the floor 4 below the recovery tunnel 2; support parts 10 are provided on the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel 1.

[0025] refer to Figure 1 The mining affected laneway is a transportation laneway for coal mining, serving one or more mining laneways 2; the mining laneway 2 is a coal mining laneway, serving one or more mining units; the mining laneway 2 is parallel to the mining affected laneway 1, the top surface of the mining affected laneway 1 and the mining laneway 2 is the roof 3, and the bottom surface of the mining affected laneway 1 and the mining laneway 2 is the floor 4. When the goaf 13 near the mining laneway 2 is mined or stabilized, the energy source 12 is released and transmitted to the mining affected laneway 1, and the mining affected laneway 1 reduces the stability of the mining affected laneway 1 under the influence of strong dynamic pressure.

[0026] Based on this, the present invention adopts the method of deep unloading and shallow plasticization to enhance the stability of the mining-affected tunnel 1, wherein deep unloading refers to cutting the top and the bottom to block or reduce the transfer of energy. Specifically, a first pressure relief hole 6 is set at the top of the mining tunnel 2 close to the side of the mining-affected tunnel 1. The first pressure relief hole 6 extends toward the roof 3 above the mining-affected tunnel 1, that is, the first pressure relief hole 6 is located on the roof 3 above the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the mining tunnel 2. When the goaf 13 near the mining tunnel 2 is mined or stabilized, the first pressure relief hole 6 can block or reduce energy transfer, avoid collapse of the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel 1, and thus protect the mining-affected tunnel 1. A second pressure relief hole 8 is set at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel 1 near the recovery tunnel 2. The second pressure relief hole 8 extends toward the bottom plate 4 below the recovery tunnel 2, that is, the second pressure relief hole 8 is located on the bottom plate 4 at the bottom between the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2. When the goaf 13 near the recovery tunnel 2 is mined or stabilized, the goaf 13 is recessed downward. The second pressure relief hole 8 can block or reduce energy transfer, avoid the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel 1 from bulging (bottom drum), thereby protecting the mining-affected tunnel 1.

[0027] Shallow plasticization refers to strengthening the protection of the mining-affected tunnel 1 through support parts 10. Specifically, support parts 10 are provided on the top and both sides (both sides) of the mining-affected tunnel 1 to form a surrounding rock reshaping bearing structure, support the mining-affected tunnel 1, and strengthen the structural strength of the mining-affected tunnel 1.

[0028] The comprehensive mining working face protection structure provided by the present invention is characterized in that a first pressure relief hole is set at the top of the mining tunnel near the side of the mining affected tunnel, and the first pressure relief hole is extended toward the roof above the mining affected tunnel, so as to relieve pressure on the roof, reduce the energy passing through the roof during mining or stabilization, and avoid collapse of the mining affected tunnel; a second pressure relief hole is set at the bottom of the mining affected tunnel near the side of the mining affected tunnel, and the second pressure relief hole is extended toward the bottom plate below the mining tunnel, so as to relieve pressure on the bottom plate, reduce the energy passing through the bottom plate during mining or stabilization, avoid bottom heave in the mining affected tunnel, and reduce the impact on the mining affected tunnel during mining or stabilization; support parts are set at the top and both sides of the mining affected tunnel to form a surrounding rock remodeling bearing structure, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the mining affected tunnel and enhancing the structural strength of the mining affected tunnel. The present invention adopts the method of deep unloading and shallow plasticization, combines top cutting unloading, bottom breaking unloading and support parts, effectively blocks or reduces the transfer of energy, strengthens the strength of the mining-affected tunnel, avoids the end face shrinkage of the mining-affected tunnel, effectively protects the mining-affected tunnel, and ensures the transportation safety of the mine at a low cost.

[0029] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the top plate 3 has a key layer, and the depth of the first pressure relief hole 6 is higher than the key layer.

[0030] The roof 3 is located at the top of the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2. The part of the roof 3 close to the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2 has a stable and hard roof 3, which is the key layer of the roof 3. During the mining or stabilization process, the key layer becomes turbulent, which seriously affects the mining-affected tunnel 1. The present invention sets the depth of the first pressure relief hole 6 higher than the key layer, that is, the first pressure relief hole 6 extends toward the roof above the mining-affected tunnel 1, passes through the key layer of the roof 3, and during the formation or stabilization of the goaf 13, due to the sudden release of energy generated by the movement and fracture of the deep rock structure, the first pressure relief hole 6 can block or reduce the energy when it propagates to the first pressure relief hole 6 and transmit it to the mining-affected tunnel 1, thereby effectively protecting the stability of the mining-affected tunnel 1.

[0031] In this embodiment, there is no specific limitation on the depth of the first pressure relief hole 6. The depth of the first pressure relief hole 6 only needs to be higher than the key layer of the roof 3. The first pressure relief hole 6 can effectively block or reduce the transfer of energy during mining or stabilization, and protect the tunnel 1 from being affected by mining.

[0032] On the basis of the above embodiment, the fully mechanized mining working face tunnel protection structure also includes a coal pillar 5, which is arranged between the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the mining tunnel 2. The angle between the central axis of the first pressure relief hole 6 and the top surface of the coal pillar 5 is an acute angle; the angle between the central axis of the second pressure relief hole 8 and the bottom surface of the coal pillar 5 is an acute angle.

[0033] The roadway protection structure of the comprehensive mining working face includes a mining-affected roadway 1, a mining roadway 2, a coal pillar 5, a roof 3 and a floor 4, wherein the mining-affected roadway 1 is parallel to the mining roadway 2, the coal pillar 5 is located between the mining-affected roadway 1 and the mining roadway 2, the roof 3 is above the top surface of the mining-affected roadway 1, the coal pillar 5 and the mining roadway 2, and the floor 4 is below the bottom surface of the mining-affected roadway 1, the coal pillar 5 and the mining roadway 2.

[0034] Furthermore, the first pressure relief hole 6 is arranged at the top of the mining tunnel 2 close to the side of the mining affected tunnel 1, and the first pressure relief hole 6 is inclined toward the direction of the roof above the coal pillar 5. The roof 3 is located on the top surface of the coal pillar 5, and the angle formed by the central axis of the first pressure relief hole 6 and the top surface of the coal pillar 5 is an acute angle. The length of the first pressure relief hole 6 penetrating into the roof 3 above the coal pillar 5 is not specifically limited. The first pressure relief hole 6 only needs to be higher than the key layer of the roof 3, which can effectively block or reduce the transfer of energy and avoid collapse of the mining affected tunnel 1 and the mining tunnel 2.

[0035] The second pressure relief hole 8 is arranged at the top of the mining-affected tunnel 1 close to the mining tunnel 2, and the second pressure relief hole 8 is inclined toward the direction of the top plate below the coal pillar 5. The bottom plate 4 is located below the coal pillar 5. The angle formed by the central axis of the second pressure relief hole 8 and the bottom surface of the coal pillar 5 is an acute angle. The length of the second pressure relief hole 8 penetrating into the bottom plate 4 of the bottom surface of the coal pillar 5 is not specifically limited. It can effectively block or reduce the transfer of energy, avoid the bottom bulge at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel 1, and protect the mining-affected tunnel 1.

[0036] The present invention obliquely sets the first pressure relief hole 6 on the roof 3 above the coal pillar 5 and obliquely sets the second pressure relief hole 8 on the bottom plate 4 below the coal pillar 5. During the mining or stabilization process, it can effectively block or reduce the energy transmitted toward the top and bottom of the mining-affected tunnel 1, protect the mining-affected tunnel 1, shorten the width of the coal pillar 5 between the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2, effectively recover the coal pillar 5, and rationally utilize resources.

[0037] Compared with the existing technology of enhancing the strength of the mining-affected tunnel 1 by expanding and reinforcing, and affecting the width of the coal pillar 5 between the mining-affected tunnel 1 and the recovery tunnel 2, the coal quality of the coal pillar 5 here is extremely excellent. The present invention resists the influence of dynamic pressure, safely and reasonably reduces the width of the coal pillar 5, and improves the coal recovery rate while ensuring the safety of the recovery process, thereby rationally utilizing coal mine resources.

[0038] In the present invention, there is no specific limitation on the angle between the central axis of the first pressure relief hole 6 and the top surface of the coal pillar 5, and the angle between the central axis of the second pressure relief hole 8 and the bottom surface of the coal pillar 5. They can be determined comprehensively based on the tunnel size, construction equipment size, and surrounding rock properties to ensure that the first pressure relief hole 6 is located on the roof 3 above the coal pillar 5, and the second pressure relief hole 8 is located on the bottom plate 4 below the coal pillar 5.

[0039] On the basis of the above embodiment, there are multiple first pressure relief holes 6 , and the multiple first pressure relief holes 6 are arranged along the length direction of the mining tunnel 2 .

[0040] refer to Figure 2 A plurality of first pressure relief holes 6 are provided at the top within the length range of the mining tunnel 2. The plurality of first pressure relief holes 6 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mining tunnel 2. During the mining or stabilization process, the plurality of first pressure relief holes 6 in the length direction of the mining tunnel 2 can effectively block or reduce the transfer of energy, avoid the collapse of the top of the tunnel 1 caused by mining, protect the tunnel 1 from being affected by mining, and improve the safety of transportation.

[0041] In this embodiment, the distance between two adjacent first pressure relief holes 6 is not specifically limited and can be set according to actual conditions, for example, according to the structure of the key layer of the top plate.

[0042] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, there are multiple second pressure relief holes 8 , and the multiple second pressure relief holes 8 are arranged along the length direction of the mining-affected tunnel 1 .

[0043] refer to Figure 2 A plurality of second pressure relief holes 8 are provided at the bottom within the length range of the mining-affected tunnel 1. The plurality of second pressure relief holes 8 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mining-affected tunnel 1. During the mining or stabilization process, the plurality of second pressure relief holes 8 along the length direction of the mining-affected tunnel 1 can effectively block or reduce the transfer of energy, avoid the bottom bulge at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel 1, protect the mining-affected tunnel 1, and improve the safety of transportation.

[0044] In this embodiment, the distance between two adjacent second pressure relief holes 8 is not specifically limited and can be set according to actual conditions.

[0045] On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the peripheral wall surface of each first pressure relief hole 6 is provided with multiple first pressure relief belts 7, and the peripheral wall surface of each second pressure relief hole 8 is provided with multiple second pressure relief belts 9, and the first pressure relief belts 7 and the second pressure relief belts 9 are both used to reduce energy.

[0046] refer to Figure 2 The present invention uses backward hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing to diffuse the first pressure relief holes 6 toward the surrounding wall at a certain interval to form multiple first pressure relief zones 7. During the mining or stabilization process, the energy source 12 generated by the movement and fracture of the deep rock structure is suddenly released, and the energy is transmitted toward the mining-affected tunnel 1 through the roof 3. When it is transmitted to the first pressure relief holes 6 and the first pressure relief zones 7, the energy is greatly reduced, and the small energy can be basically completely absorbed, thereby avoiding the collapse of the mining-affected tunnel 1, protecting the mining-affected tunnel 1, and effectively improving the safety of transportation.

[0047] The present invention uses backward hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing to allow the second pressure relief holes 8 to diffuse toward the surrounding wall at a certain interval to form multiple second pressure relief zones 9. During the mining or stabilization process, the energy source 12 is released. When it is transmitted through the bottom plate 4 to the second pressure relief holes 8 and the second pressure relief zones 9, the energy is greatly reduced, and the small energy can be basically completely absorbed, effectively alleviating the stress-type bottom drum generated by the energy, protecting the mining-affected tunnel 1, and improving the safety of transportation.

[0048] On the basis of the above embodiment, the supporting member 10 includes at least one of a grouting member, an anchor rod and an anchor cable.

[0049] In a preferred embodiment, grouting parts are provided at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel 1, that is, a plurality of grouting holes 11 are provided at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel 1, and grouting parts are formed by grouting into the grouting holes 11, anchor cable support is provided at the top of the mining-affected tunnel 1, and anchor rods are provided at both sides of the mining-affected tunnel 1, thereby forming a surrounding rock remodeling bearing structure, improving the bearing capacity of the mining-affected tunnel 1, strengthening the strength of the mining-affected tunnel 1, and protecting the stability of the mining-affected tunnel 1.

[0050] This embodiment does not impose any specific restrictions on the locations of the anchor cable support, anchor rod support, and grouting parts, and they can be set according to actual conditions.

[0051] The tunnel protection structure of the fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention adopts a method combining pressure relief and support to protect the stability of the tunnel 1 affected by mining; specifically, in view of the source of mining dynamic pressure, a plurality of first pressure relief holes 6 are arranged on the roof 3 above the coal pillar 5, from the top of the mining tunnel 2 toward the mining tunnel 1, and the plurality of first pressure relief holes 6 are arranged along the length direction of the mining tunnel 2, and a plurality of first pressure relief belts 7 are arranged at intervals on the peripheral wall of the first pressure relief holes 6 to cut the dynamic pressure of the roof 3 above the coal pillar 5. Top pressure relief reduces the energy when it passes through multiple first pressure relief holes 6 and multiple first pressure relief belts 7, thus avoiding collapse of the mining-affected roadway 1; by drilling downward-sloping second pressure relief holes 8 on the floor below the coal pillar, from the bottom of the mining-affected roadway to the mining roadway, and setting multiple second pressure relief belts 9 at intervals on the peripheral walls of the second pressure relief holes 8, the floor 4 below the coal pillar 5 is subjected to bottom pressure relief, blocking the stress transmission of the floor 4, placing the two sides and the floor 4 in a stress reduction zone, thus avoiding bottom heave in the mining-affected roadway 1. Anchor rods and / or anchor cables are set on the top and two sides of the mining-affected roadway 1 and grouting them to form grouting parts, thereby forming a surrounding rock remodeling bearing structure, improving the bearing capacity, and strengthening the strength of the mining-affected roadway 1. At the same time, the superposition of support pressure is effectively avoided, the mining-affected roadway 1 is protected, the development of cracks is reduced, the protrusion of coal and gas is alleviated, the width of the coal pillar 5 is reduced, and the effective utilization of precious coal resources is achieved.

[0052] refer to Figure 3The present invention is based on the comprehensive mining working face tunnel protection structure in any of the above embodiments, and also provides a comprehensive mining working face tunnel protection structure construction method, including: Step 100: Drilling a plurality of first pressure relief holes at the top of the mining tunnel close to the side of the mining affected tunnel, the plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining tunnel, and the first pressure relief holes extend toward the roof above the mining affected tunnel; Step 200: Drilling a plurality of second pressure relief holes at the bottom of the mining affected tunnel close to the side of the mining affected tunnel, the plurality of second pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining affected tunnel, and the second pressure relief holes extend toward the bottom plate below the mining tunnel; Step 300: Setting support parts at the top and both sides of the mining affected tunnel.

[0053] Step 100, a plurality of first pressure relief holes are set at the top of the mining tunnel near the mining affected tunnel side, and the first pressure relief holes extend toward the roof above the mining affected tunnel, that is, the first pressure relief holes are located on the roof above the mining affected tunnel and the mining tunnel, and the plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mining tunnel. During the mining or stabilization process of the goaf near the mining tunnel, the plurality of first pressure relief holes can block or reduce energy transfer, avoid collapse of the mining affected tunnel, and thus protect the mining affected tunnel.

[0054] Step 200, a plurality of second pressure relief holes are set at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel near the side of the recovery tunnel, and the second pressure relief holes extend toward the bottom plate below the recovery tunnel, that is, the second pressure relief holes are located on the bottom plate below between the mining-affected tunnel and the recovery tunnel, and the plurality of second pressure relief holes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the mining-affected tunnel. During the mining or stabilization process of the goaf near the recovery tunnel, the goaf is concave downward, and the plurality of second pressure relief holes can block or reduce energy transfer, avoid bottom bulging at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel, and thus protect the mining-affected tunnel.

[0055] Step 300 , by setting support members on the top and both sides of the mining-affected roadway, a surrounding rock remodeling bearing structure is formed to support the mining-affected roadway and enhance the strength of the mining-affected roadway.

[0056] The present invention provides a method for constructing a tunnel protection structure for a comprehensive mining working face. The method comprises the following steps: drilling a plurality of first pressure relief holes at the top of a mining tunnel close to one side of the mining-affected tunnel, and the first pressure relief holes are extended toward the roof above the mining-affected tunnel. The plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining tunnel to relieve pressure on the roof, reduce the energy passing through the roof during mining or stabilization, and avoid collapse of the mining-affected tunnel; drilling a plurality of second pressure relief holes at the bottom of the mining-affected tunnel close to one side of the mining tunnel, and the second pressure relief holes are extended toward the bottom plate below the mining tunnel to relieve pressure on the bottom plate, reduce the energy passing through the bottom plate during mining or stabilization, avoid bottom heave in the mining-affected tunnel, and reduce the impact on the mining-affected tunnel during mining or stabilization; and arranging support parts at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel to form a surrounding rock remodeling bearing structure, thereby improving the bearing capacity of the mining-affected tunnel and enhancing the structural strength of the mining-affected tunnel. The present invention adopts the method of deep unloading and shallow plasticization, combines top cutting and bottom breaking with support parts, effectively blocks or reduces the transfer of energy, strengthens the strength of the tunnel affected by mining, avoids the end face shrinkage of the tunnel affected by mining, effectively protects the tunnel affected by mining, improves the safety of mine transportation, and is low in cost.

[0057] On the basis of the above embodiments, the construction method of the tunnel protection structure of the comprehensive mining working face further includes: forming multiple first pressure relief belts on the peripheral wall surface of each first pressure relief hole by reverse hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing; forming multiple second pressure relief belts on the peripheral wall surface of each second pressure relief hole by reverse hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing.

[0058] The present invention adopts the method of backward hydraulic fracturing or blasting fracturing to make the first pressure relief holes diffuse toward the surrounding wall at a certain interval to form multiple first pressure relief zones. During the mining or stabilization process, the energy source generated by the movement and fracture of the deep rock structure is suddenly released, and the energy is transmitted through the roof toward the mining-affected tunnel. When it is transmitted to the first pressure relief holes and the first pressure relief zone, the energy is greatly reduced, and the small energy can be basically completely absorbed, thereby avoiding the collapse of the mining-affected tunnel, protecting the mining-affected tunnel, and effectively improving the safety of transportation.

[0059] The present invention uses backward hydraulic fracturing or explosive fracturing to allow the second pressure relief holes to diffuse toward the surrounding wall at a certain interval to form multiple second pressure relief zones. During the mining or stabilization process, the energy source is released, and when it is transmitted through the bottom plate to the second pressure relief holes and the second pressure relief zones, the energy is greatly reduced, and the small energy can be basically completely absorbed, effectively alleviating the stress-type bottom heave generated by the energy, protecting the tunnels affected by mining, and improving the safety of transportation.

[0060] On the basis of the above embodiments, support parts are set at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, including: drilling multiple grouting holes at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, and injecting grouting into the multiple grouting holes to form grouting parts; and / or, anchor rods and / or anchor cable supports are set at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel.

[0061] Multiple grouting holes are drilled at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, and inorganic or organic slurry is injected into the grouting holes to form grouting pieces. Furthermore, anchor rod support is set at the top and / or both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, or anchor cable support is set at the top and / or both sides of the mining-affected tunnel, thereby forming a surrounding rock remodeling bearing structure, supporting the mining-affected tunnel, enhancing the strength of the mining-affected tunnel, effectively resisting deep energy waves around the surrounding rock, and protecting the stability of the mining-affected tunnel.

[0062] The construction method of the roadway protection structure of the fully mechanized mining working face provided by the present invention adopts a method combining pressure relief and support to protect the stability of the roadway affected by mining; specifically, with respect to the source of mining dynamic pressure, a plurality of first pressure relief holes inclined upward are drilled from the top of the mining roadway toward the roadway affected by mining, the plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining roadway, and a plurality of first pressure relief zones are fractured at intervals on the peripheral wall of each first pressure relief hole, so as to cut the top and relieve the dynamic pressure of the roof above the coal pillar, so that the energy passes through the plurality of first pressure relief holes. The energy of the first pressure relief hole and multiple first pressure relief belts is reduced, thereby preventing the collapse of the mining-affected roadway; multiple second pressure relief holes inclined downward are drilled from the bottom of the mining-affected roadway to the mining roadway on the floor below the coal pillar, and multiple second pressure relief holes are arranged along the length of the mining-affected roadway, and multiple second pressure relief belts are arranged at intervals on the peripheral wall of each second pressure relief hole, so as to break the bottom pressure relief of the floor below the coal pillar, block the stress transmission of the floor, and put the two sides and the floor in the stress reduction zone, thereby avoiding the occurrence of bottom heave in the mining-affected roadway. Anchor rods and / or anchor cables are set at the top and two sides of the mining-affected roadway and grouting them to form grouting parts, thereby forming a surrounding rock reshaped bearing structure, improving the bearing capacity, and strengthening the strength of the mining-affected roadway. At the same time, the superposition of support pressure is effectively avoided, the mining-affected roadway is protected, the development of cracks is reduced, the protrusion of coal and gas is alleviated, the width of the coal pillar is reduced, and the effective utilization of precious coal resources is achieved.

[0063] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully mechanized mining face tunnel protection structure, characterized in that: include: A mining-affected roadway, a recovery roadway, a roof and a floor, wherein the recovery roadway is parallel to the mining-affected roadway, the roof is arranged on the top surfaces of the mining-affected roadway and the recovery roadway, and the floor is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the mining-affected roadway and the recovery roadway; A first pressure relief hole is provided on the top of the mining roadway on one side close to the mining-affected roadway, and the first pressure relief hole extends toward the roof above the mining-affected roadway; A second pressure relief hole is provided at the bottom of the mining-affected roadway on one side thereof close to the mining roadway, and the second pressure relief hole extends toward the bottom plate below the mining roadway; The top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel are provided with supporting parts; The fully mechanized mining face roadway protection structure further includes a coal pillar, which is arranged between the mining-affected roadway and the mining roadway. The angle between the central axis of the first pressure relief hole and the top surface of the coal pillar is an acute angle; the angle between the central axis of the second pressure relief hole and the bottom surface of the coal pillar is an acute angle. There are a plurality of first pressure relief holes, and the plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining roadway; There are a plurality of second pressure relief holes, and the plurality of second pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining-affected roadway; The peripheral wall surface of each first pressure relief hole is provided with a plurality of first pressure relief belts, and the peripheral wall surface of each second pressure relief hole is provided with a plurality of second pressure relief belts. Both the first pressure relief belts and the second pressure relief belts are used to reduce energy.

2. The tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top plate has a key layer, and the depth of the first pressure relief hole is higher than the key layer.

3. The tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining face according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The supporting member includes at least one of a grouting member, an anchor rod and an anchor cable.

4. A method for constructing a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face, characterized in that: The tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face according to any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises: Drilling a plurality of first pressure relief holes at the top of the mining roadway on the side close to the mining-affected roadway, wherein the plurality of first pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining roadway and extend toward the roof above the mining-affected roadway; Drilling a plurality of second pressure relief holes at the bottom of the mining-affected roadway on a side close to the recovery roadway, wherein the plurality of second pressure relief holes are arranged along the length direction of the mining-affected roadway and extend toward the floor below the recovery roadway; Support members are set at the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel.

5. The method for constructing a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining working face according to claim 4, characterized in that: The construction method of the tunnel protection structure of the fully mechanized mining working face further includes: forming a plurality of first pressure relief zones on the peripheral wall surface of each of the first pressure relief holes by reverse hydraulic fracturing or explosive fracturing; A plurality of second pressure relief zones are formed on the peripheral wall surface of each of the second pressure relief holes by reverse hydraulic fracturing or explosive fracturing.

6. The method for constructing a tunnel protection structure for a fully mechanized mining face according to claim 4, characterized in that: Support members are provided at the top and both sides of the mining-affected roadway, including: Drilling a plurality of grouting holes at the top and both sides of the mining-affected roadway, and injecting grout into the plurality of grouting holes to form grouting pieces; And / or, anchor rods and / or anchor cable supports are set on the top and both sides of the mining-affected tunnel.

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