Energy storage device and method of energy storage utilization thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of energy storage device and energy storage utilization method thereof.Energy storage device includes j Cold / Heat Storage Filling Bed, low-temperature end fluid input main pipeline, low-temperature end fluid output main pipeline, j Low-temperature end fluid access branch pipeline corresponding to Cold / Heat Storage Filling Bed, high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline, high-temperature end fluid output main pipeline, j High-temperature end fluid access branch pipeline corresponding to Cold / Heat Storage Filling Bed, j-1 Or j Series pipeline, low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, low-temperature end fluid output main control valve, j Low-temperature end fluid access control valve, high-temperature end fluid input main control valve, high-temperature end fluid output main control valve, j High-temperature end fluid access control valve and j-1 Series control valve.Energy storage utilization method is applied to the above-mentioned energy storage device, including cold energy storage method, cold energy utilization method, heat energy storage method and heat energy utilization method.The present application can be conveniently recycled to realize energy storage and utilization, and be beneficial to energy saving.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an energy storage device and a method for storing and utilizing energy thereon. Background Technology

[0002] Existing devices for storing energy (including cold and heat energy) have simple structures and usage methods, making it difficult to achieve energy recycling and utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy storage device that can realize the recycling and utilization of energy.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] An energy storage device includes j cold / hot packed beds, a low-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline, a low-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / hot packed beds, a high-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline, a high-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / hot packed beds, j-1 or j series pipelines, a low-temperature fluid inlet main control valve, a low-temperature fluid outlet main control valve, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, a high-temperature fluid inlet main control valve, a high-temperature fluid outlet main control valve, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, and j-1 series control valves; each cold / hot packed bed has a high-temperature inlet / outlet and a low-temperature inlet / outlet; j is an integer greater than or equal to 2;

[0006] One end of the low-temperature fluid inlet main pipe and one end of the low-temperature fluid outlet main pipe are each connected to one end of each of the low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes. The other end of each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe is connected to the corresponding low-temperature inlet / outlet of the cold / heat storage bed. One end of the high-temperature fluid inlet main pipe and one end of the high-temperature fluid outlet main pipe are each connected to one end of each of the high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes. The other end of each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe is connected to the corresponding high-temperature inlet / outlet of the cold / heat storage bed. When the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipes, one end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the i-th cold / heat storage bed. The high-temperature inlet and outlet of the hot-filled bed are connected, and the other end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet and outlet of the (i+1)-th cold / hot filling bed; when the energy storage device includes j series pipes, one end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet and outlet of the i-th cold / hot filling bed, the other end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet and outlet of the (i+1)-th cold / hot filling bed, one end of the j-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet and outlet of the j-th cold / hot filling bed, and the other end of the j-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet and outlet of the first cold / hot filling bed, where i is a positive integer less than or equal to j-1;

[0007] The low-temperature fluid input main control valve is located on the low-temperature fluid input main pipeline, the low-temperature fluid output main control valve is located on the low-temperature fluid output main pipeline, each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is located on each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, the high-temperature fluid input main control valve is located on the high-temperature fluid input main pipeline, the high-temperature fluid output main control valve is located on the high-temperature fluid output main pipeline, each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is located on each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and each series control valve is located on each series pipeline.

[0008] A high-temperature end thermometer is installed at the high-temperature end inlet and outlet of each of the aforementioned cold / heat storage beds, and a low-temperature end thermometer is installed at the low-temperature end inlet and outlet of each of the aforementioned cold / heat storage beds.

[0009] The cold / heat storage bed includes a sealed container and energy storage material filled inside the sealed container.

[0010] The energy storage material is a pebble, ceramic ball, or metal particle.

[0011] The energy storage device also includes a controller for controlling the low-temperature fluid input master control valve, the low-temperature fluid output master control valve, the low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the high-temperature fluid input master control valve, the high-temperature fluid output master control valve, the high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and the series control valve.

[0012] The energy storage device further includes a heat preservation mechanism, which is an insulation layer independently disposed outside each of the cold / heat storage beds, or the heat preservation mechanism includes an insulation tank for accommodating each of the cold / heat storage beds and insulation material filled between the insulation tank and each of the cold / heat storage beds.

[0013] The insulation material is perlite.

[0014] The present invention also provides an energy storage and utilization method for the above-mentioned energy storage device to achieve energy storage and utilization in a cyclical manner, the energy storage and utilization method including a cold energy storage method, a cold energy utilization method, a thermal energy storage method, and a thermal energy utilization method;

[0015] The cold energy storage method includes the following steps:

[0016] Step 1-1: Open the low-temperature fluid inlet control valve and the high-temperature fluid outlet control valve;

[0017] Step 1-2: Set the value for parameter m, where m is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0018] Steps 1-3: Open the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0019] Steps 1-4: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed to operate independently and store cold energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the m-th cold / heat storage bed through the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the m-th cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed.

[0020] Steps 1-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed at any given time be T11, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T12. If the temperature difference between T12 and T11 reaches a preset first time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to steps 1-6.

[0021] Steps 1-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have stored cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 1-14; otherwise, proceed to step 1-7.

[0022] Steps 1-7: When m≠j, close the m-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the (m+1)-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-8; When m=j and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the m-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-11; When m=j and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the m-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign m a value of 1, open the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the first low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to steps 1-4;

[0023] Steps 1-8: The m-th and (m+1)-th cold / heat storage beds are started in series to store cold energy. Low / normal temperature fluid flows into the m-th cold / heat storage bed first through the main low-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the m-th low-temperature fluid outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (m+1)-th cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipe. The low / normal temperature fluid passes through both the m-th and (m+1)-th cold / heat storage beds. The fluid is then heated to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the (m+1)th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the mth cold / hot storage bed and the (m+1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the mth cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the mth cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 1-9 are executed.

[0024] Steps 1-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T13, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T14. If the temperature difference between T13 and T14 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute steps 1-10.

[0025] Steps 1-10: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign m to m+1, and return to steps 1-3;

[0026] Step 1-11: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed to operate in series to store cold energy. A low / normal temperature fluid flows into the m-th cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the first cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipe. The low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature after passing through the m-th and first cold / heat storage beds. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the m-th and first cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 1-12.

[0027] Step 1-12: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T15, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T16. If the temperature difference between T15 and T16 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 1-13.

[0028] Step 1-13: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign m to 1, and return to step 1-3;

[0029] Steps 1-14: Close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end cold energy storage;

[0030] The cold energy utilization method includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 2-1: Open the high-temperature end fluid input main control valve and the low-temperature end fluid output main control valve;

[0032] Step 2-2: Set a value for parameter n, where n is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0033] Steps 2-3: Open the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0034] Steps 2-4: The nth cold / heat storage bed is started to operate independently, releasing cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the nth cold / heat storage bed, the high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed is detected.

[0035] Step 2-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed at any time be T21, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of independent operation be T22. If the temperature difference between T22 and T21 reaches the preset second time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-6.

[0036] Step 2-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have released cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 2-14; otherwise, proceed to step 2-7.

[0037] Step 2-7: When n≠1, close the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (n-1)th series control valve and the (n-1)th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-8; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the first cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the jth series control valve and the jth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-11; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign n to j, open the nth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 2-4;

[0038] Steps 2-8: The nth and (n-1)th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to release cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (n-1)th cold / heat storage bed through the (n-1)th series pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid flows through the nth and (n-1)th cold / heat storage beds... The fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature after passing through the bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (n-1)th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the (n-1)th cold / heat storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed are detected, and then steps 2-9 are executed.

[0039] Step 2-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T23 and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T24. If the temperature difference between T23 and T24 reaches the preset second space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-10.

[0040] Step 2-10: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the (n-1)th series control valve, assign n to the value n-1, and return to step 2-3;

[0041] Step 2-11: Start the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds in series to release cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed via the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, then flows into the jth cold / heat storage bed via the jth series pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid cools down to normal / low temperature fluid after passing through the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out via the jth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the series operation of the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds, detect the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 2-12.

[0042] Step 2-12: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T25 and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T26. If the temperature difference between T25 and T26 reaches the preset second space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-13.

[0043] Step 2-13: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the jth series control valve, assign the value of n to j, and return to step 2-3;

[0044] Step 2-14: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end the cold energy release;

[0045] The thermal energy storage method includes the following steps:

[0046] Step 3-1: Open the high-temperature end fluid input main control valve and the low-temperature end fluid output main control valve;

[0047] Step 3-2: Set a value for parameter p, where p is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0048] Step 3-3: Open the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0049] Steps 3-4: The p-th cold / heat storage bed is started to operate independently to store thermal energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet main pipe and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid after passing through the p-th cold / heat storage bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the p-th cold / heat storage bed, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed is detected.

[0050] Step 3-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at any time be T31, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at the initial time of its independent operation be T32. If the temperature difference between T32 and T31 reaches the preset third time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-6.

[0051] Step 3-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have stored thermal energy. If yes, proceed to step 3-14; otherwise, proceed to step 3-7.

[0052] Step 3-7: When p≠1, close the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (p-1)-th series control valve and the (p-1)-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-8; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the n-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the j-th series control valve and the j-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-11; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the n-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the n-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign n to j, open the j-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the j-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 3-4;

[0053] Steps 3-8: The p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to store thermal energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the p-1-th cold / heat storage bed through the p-1-th series pipeline. The high / normal temperature fluid flows through the p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds... The fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature after passing through the bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (p-1)th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the p-th cold / hot storage bed and the (p-1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 3-9 are executed.

[0054] Step 3-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T33, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T34. If the temperature difference between T33 and T34 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-10.

[0055] Step 3-10: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the p-1-th series control valve, assign p to p-1 and return to step 3-3;

[0056] Step 3-11: Start the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage filled beds in series to store thermal energy. The high / normal temperature fluid first flows into the p-th cold / heat storage filled bed through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the j-th cold / heat storage filled bed through the j-th series pipeline. The high / normal temperature fluid, after passing through the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage filled beds... The fluid is cooled to become a normal / low-temperature fluid, which is then sent out through the j-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the j-th cold / heat storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed are detected, and then steps 3-12 are executed.

[0057] Step 3-12: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T35, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T36. If the temperature difference between T35 and T36 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-13.

[0058] Step 3-13: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the j-th series control valve, assign the value of p to j, and return to step 3-3;

[0059] Step 3-14: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end thermal energy storage;

[0060] The thermal energy utilization method includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 4-1: Open the low-temperature fluid input main control valve and the high-temperature fluid output main control valve;

[0062] Step 4-2: Set the value of parameter q, where q is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0063] Step 4-3: Open the qth cryogenic end fluid inlet / outlet control valve;

[0064] Step 4-4: Initiate the independent operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed to release heat energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the qth cold / heat storage bed via the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the qth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the qth cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then discharged via the qth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed, monitor the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed.

[0065] Step 4-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed at any given time be T41, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T42. If the temperature difference between T42 and T41 reaches the preset fourth time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to step 4-6.

[0066] Step 4-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have released heat energy. If yes, proceed to step 4-14; otherwise, proceed to step 4-7.

[0067] Step 4-7: When q≠j, close the qth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the qth series control valve and the (q+1)th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-8; When q=j and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the qth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the qth series control valve and the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-11; When q=j and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the qth low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign q to 1, open the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the first low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 4-4;

[0068] Steps 4-8: The q-th and q+1-th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to release heat energy. Low / room temperature fluid flows into the q-th cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the q-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the q+1-th cold / heat storage bed through the q-th series pipeline. The low / room temperature fluid flows through the q-th and q+1-th cold / heat storage beds. The fluid is then heated to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the (q+1)th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the qth cold / hot storage bed and the (q+1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 4-9 are executed.

[0069] Step 4-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T43, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed be T44. If the temperature difference between T43 and T44 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-10.

[0070] Step 4-10: Close the qth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth series control valve, assign q to q+1 and return to step 4-3;

[0071] Step 4-11: Start the qth cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed to operate in series to release heat energy. The low / room temperature fluid flows into the qth cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the qth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the first cold / heat storage bed through the qth series pipe. The low / room temperature fluid is heated to room / high temperature fluid after passing through the qth and first cold / heat storage beds. The room / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the qth and first cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 4-12.

[0072] Step 4-12: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T45, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed be T46. If the temperature difference between T45 and T46 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-13.

[0073] Step 4-13: Close the qth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth series control valve, set q to 1, and return to step 4-3;

[0074] Step 4-14: Close the q-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the q-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature fluid output main control valve to end the release of heat energy.

[0075] The first time temperature difference threshold, the first space temperature difference threshold, the second time temperature difference threshold, the second space temperature difference threshold, the third time temperature difference threshold, the third space temperature difference threshold, the fourth time temperature difference threshold, and the fourth space temperature difference threshold all have a value range of 8~12℃.

[0076] After the cold energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate in the cold energy storage mode; after the heat energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate in the heat energy storage mode.

[0077] Due to the application of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the present invention can conveniently and cyclically realize energy storage and utilization, thereby helping to save energy. Attached Figure Description

[0078] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the energy storage device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0079] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0080] Example 1: An energy storage device includes j (j is an integer greater than or equal to 2) cold / heat storage beds, a low-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline, a low-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / heat storage beds, a high-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline, a high-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / heat storage beds, j-1 or j series pipelines, a low-temperature fluid inlet main control valve, a low-temperature fluid outlet main control valve, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, a high-temperature fluid inlet main control valve, a high-temperature fluid outlet main control valve, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, and j-1 series control valves. Each cold / heat storage bed has a high-temperature inlet / outlet and a low-temperature inlet / outlet.

[0081] One end of the low-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline and one end of the low-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline are each connected to one end of each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline. The other end of each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the corresponding cold / hot packed bed. One end of the high-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline and one end of the high-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline are each connected to one end of each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline. The other end of each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the corresponding cold / hot packed bed. When the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, one end of the i-th series pipeline is connected to... The high-temperature inlet / outlet of the i-th cold / heat storage bed is connected, and the other end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the (i+1)-th cold / heat storage bed. When the energy storage device includes j series pipes, one end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the i-th cold / heat storage bed, the other end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the (i+1)-th cold / heat storage bed, one end of the j-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the j-th cold / heat storage bed, and the other end of the j-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the first cold / heat storage bed. i is a positive integer less than or equal to j-1.

[0082] The low-temperature fluid input main control valve is located on the low-temperature fluid input main pipeline, and the low-temperature fluid output main control valve is located on the low-temperature fluid output main pipeline. Each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is located on its corresponding low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline. The high-temperature fluid input main control valve is located on the high-temperature fluid input main pipeline, and the high-temperature fluid output main control valve is located on the high-temperature fluid output main pipeline. Each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is located on its corresponding high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and each series control valve is located on its corresponding series pipeline.

[0083] Appendix Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, j is set to 6, meaning the energy storage device includes 6 cold / hot packed beds, 6 low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes, 6 high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes, 5 series pipes, 6 low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, 6 high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, and 5 series control valves. The 6 cold / hot packed beds are, in sequence, cold / hot packed bed A, cold / hot packed bed B, cold / hot packed bed C, cold / hot packed bed D, cold / hot packed bed E, and cold / hot packed bed F. The high-temperature inlet / outlet of each cold / hot packed bed is located at its upper end in the figure, and the low-temperature inlet / outlet is located at its lower end. The 6 low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves are, in sequence, V1A, V1B, V1C, V1D, V1E, and V1F. The 6 high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves are, in sequence, V2A, V2B, V2C, V2D, V2E, and V2F. The five control valves connected in series are V3B, V3C, V3D, V3E, and V3F. The main control valve for the cryogenic fluid inlet is V6, the main control valve for the cryogenic fluid outlet is V7, the main control valve for the high-temperature fluid inlet is V4, and the main control valve for the high-temperature fluid outlet is V5. The cryogenic fluid inlet and outlet main pipelines can share a common section of piping, as can the high-temperature fluid inlet and outlet main pipelines.

[0084] A cold / heat storage filled bed consists of a sealed container and energy storage material filled within the sealed container. The energy storage material can be materials capable of storing and releasing energy, such as pebbles, ceramic balls, or metal particles. Each cold / heat storage filled bed is equipped with a high-temperature end thermometer at its high-temperature end inlet / outlet to detect the temperature of the fluid entering or exiting at that point. Similarly, each cold / heat storage filled bed is equipped with a low-temperature end thermometer at its low-temperature end inlet / outlet to detect the temperature of the fluid entering or exiting at that point.

[0085] The aforementioned energy storage device also includes an insulation mechanism. This insulation mechanism is either an insulation layer independently installed outside each cold / hot packed bed, or it includes an insulation tank for housing each cold / hot packed bed, and insulation material filled between the insulation tank and each cold / hot packed bed. The insulation material may be perlite, etc.

[0086] In addition, the energy storage device also includes a controller for controlling the low-temperature fluid input main control valve, the low-temperature fluid output main control valve, the low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the high-temperature fluid input main control valve, the high-temperature fluid output main control valve, the high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and the series control valve, so as to realize automatic control of the device.

[0087] The energy storage and utilization method adopted by the above-mentioned energy storage device to achieve energy storage and utilization in a cyclical manner includes four parts: cold energy storage method, cold energy utilization method, thermal energy storage method, and thermal energy utilization method, as detailed below:

[0088] (1) Cold energy storage (cold energy recovery) method

[0089] Cold energy storage methods include the following steps:

[0090] Step 1-1: Open the main control valve for the low-temperature fluid inlet and the main control valve for the high-temperature fluid outlet.

[0091] Step 1-2: Set a value for parameter m (m is a positive integer less than or equal to j) and open the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0092] Steps 1-3: Open the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0093] Steps 1-4: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed to operate independently and store cold energy. Let the low / normal temperature fluid flow into the m-th cold / heat storage bed through the low temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the m-th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline. After passing through the m-th cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid will be heated to become normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid will be sent out through the m-th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the high temperature end fluid output main pipeline. During the independent operation of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed.

[0094] Steps 1-5: Let T11 be the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot packed bed at any given time, and T12 be the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot packed bed at the initial time of its independent operation. If the temperature difference between T12 and T11 reaches the preset first time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to steps 1-6.

[0095] Steps 1-6: Determine whether all cold / hot storage beds have stored cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 1-14; otherwise, proceed to step 1-7.

[0096] Steps 1-7: When m≠j, close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the (m+1)-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-8; When m=j and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-11; When m=j and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign m a value of 1, open the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the first low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to steps 1-4.

[0097] Steps 1-8: Start the m-th and m+1-th cold / heat storage beds in series to store cold energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the m-th cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, then flow into the m+1-th cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipe. After passing through the m-th and m+1-th cold / heat storage beds, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the m+1-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the series operation of the m-th and m+1-th cold / heat storage beds, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, and then execute steps 1-9.

[0098] Steps 1-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T13, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T14. If the temperature difference between T13 and T14 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute steps 1-10.

[0099] Steps 1-10: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign m to m+1, and return to steps 1-3.

[0100] Steps 1-11: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed to operate in series to store cold energy. Let the low / normal temperature fluid flow into the m-th cold / heat storage bed through the low temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the m-th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flow into the first cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipeline. After passing through the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to become normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the first high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the high temperature end fluid output main pipeline. During the operation of the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, and then execute steps 1-12.

[0101] Step 1-12: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T15, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T16. If the temperature difference between T15 and T16 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 1-13.

[0102] Step 1-13: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign the value of m to 1, and return to step 1-3.

[0103] Steps 1-14: Close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end cold energy storage.

[0104] The values ​​of the first time temperature difference threshold and the first space temperature difference threshold mentioned above are both in the range of 8~12℃, and can be adjusted as needed.

[0105] One as attached Figure 1 The specific embodiment shown stores cold energy through the following steps:

[0106] Open the low-temperature fluid inlet control valve V6 and the high-temperature fluid outlet control valve V5.

[0107] Set parameter m to 1 and open the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2A.

[0108] Open the first cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1A.

[0109] The first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) is started to operate independently to store cold energy. Low / normal temperature fluid flows into the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) through the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the first low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After the low / normal temperature fluid comes into contact with the energy storage material in the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A), the temperature of the energy storage material decreases, while the fluid itself heats up to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During this process, the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) gradually decreases. While the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) is operating independently, the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) is monitored.

[0110] Let T11 be the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A) at any given time, and T12 be the temperature of the fluid output from its high-temperature inlet / outlet at the initial moment when the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A) is operating independently. After the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A) has been operating independently for a period of time, if the temperature difference between T12 and T11 reaches a preset first time temperature difference threshold, then the following steps are executed. For example, if the first time temperature difference threshold is ~10℃, then the temperature difference between T12 and T11 reaches ~10℃, meaning the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A) has decreased by ~10℃ compared to the initial moment of its independent operation, then the following steps are executed.

[0111] At this point, only the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) has stored cold energy.

[0112] Since m=1≠6=j, the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2A is closed, and the first series control valve V3B and the second high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2B are opened.

[0113] The first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) and the second cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed B) are started to operate in series to store cold energy. Low / normal temperature fluid flows into the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) through the low temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the first low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the second cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed B) through the first series pipeline. After the low / normal temperature fluid comes into contact with the energy storage material in the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) and the second cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed B), the temperature of the energy storage material decreases and the fluid itself heats up to become normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the second high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipeline. During the operation of the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) and the second cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed B) in series, the temperatures of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet and outlet of the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) and the temperatures of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet and outlet of the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) are monitored. Operating the first cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed A) and the second cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed B) in series maximizes the fluid outlet temperature, thereby improving the cold energy recovery efficiency.

[0114] Let T13 be the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A) at any given time, and T14 be the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A). If the temperature difference between T13 and T14 reaches a preset first spatial temperature difference threshold, then the following steps are executed. For example, if the first spatial temperature difference threshold is ~10℃, then the temperature difference between T13 and T14 reaches ~10℃, that is, the temperature difference between the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot filled bed (cold / hot filled bed A) and the temperature of the fluid input from its low-temperature end inlet / outlet is ~10℃, then the following steps are executed.

[0115] After closing the first low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1A and the first series control valve V3B, and assigning m a value of 2, open the second low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1B. This allows the second cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed B) to begin operating independently and storing cold energy, a process identical to that of the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) operating independently. Subsequently, the second cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed B) operates in series with the third cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed C). This continues until the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) operates independently. Once all cold / heat storage beds have stored cold energy, close the sixth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2F, the sixth low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1F, the low-temperature fluid input master control valve V6, and the high-temperature fluid output master control valve V5, ending the cold energy storage process.

[0116] The above process begins with the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) and sequentially extends to the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) to store cold energy. If cold energy storage begins from a bed other than the first (cold / heat storage bed A), after the sixth (cold / heat storage bed F) has completed its cold energy storage process, it returns to the first (cold / heat storage bed A) to begin storing cold energy again, continuing until all cold / heat storage beds have stored cold energy. Since there is no series connection between the sixth (cold / heat storage bed F) and the first (cold / heat storage bed A), there is no series connection operation between the sixth (cold / heat storage bed F) and the first (cold / heat storage bed A) (corresponding to steps 1-11 to 1-13). If a sixth series path is set between the sixth cold / heat filling bed (cold / heat filling bed F) and the first cold / heat filling bed (cold / heat filling bed A), then the sixth cold / heat filling bed (cold / heat filling bed F) and the first cold / heat filling bed (cold / heat filling bed A) will have a series operation process. This series operation process is the same as the aforementioned series operation process (corresponding to steps 1-8 to 1-10), and will not be repeated here.

[0117] (2) Cold energy utilization methods

[0118] The method of utilizing cold energy includes the following steps:

[0119] Step 2-1: Open the main control valve for fluid input at the high temperature end and the main control valve for fluid output at the low temperature end.

[0120] Step 2-2: Set a value for parameter n (n is a positive integer less than or equal to j) and open the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0121] Steps 2-3: Open the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0122] Steps 2-4: Start the nth cold / heat storage bed to operate independently and release cold energy. Let the high / normal temperature fluid flow into the nth cold / heat storage bed through the high temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the nth high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline. After passing through the nth cold / heat storage bed, the high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is sent out through the nth low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the low temperature end fluid output main pipeline. During the independent operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed.

[0123] Step 2-5: Let T21 be the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / hot packed bed at any given time, and T22 be the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / hot packed bed at the initial time of its independent operation. If the temperature difference between T22 and T21 reaches the preset second time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to step 2-6.

[0124] Step 2-6: Determine whether all cold / hot packed beds have released cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 2-14; otherwise, proceed to step 2-7.

[0125] Step 2-7: When n≠1, close the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (n-1)th series control valve and the (n-1)th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-8; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the first cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the jth series control valve and the jth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-11; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign n to j, open the nth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 2-4.

[0126] Step 2-8: Start the nth cold / heat storage bed and the (n-1th)th cold / heat storage bed to release cold energy by operating in series. The high / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (n-1th)th cold / heat storage bed through the (n-1th)th series pipe. After passing through the nth and (n-1th)th cold / heat storage beds, the high / normal temperature fluid cools down to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (n-1th)th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the nth and (n-1th)th cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 2-9.

[0127] Step 2-9: Let T23 be the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / hot packed bed at any given time, and T24 be the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / hot packed bed. If the temperature difference between T23 and T24 reaches a preset second space temperature difference threshold, then proceed to step 2-10.

[0128] Step 2-10: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth series control valve, assign n to the value n-1, and return to step 2-3.

[0129] Step 2-11: Start the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds in series to release cold energy. The high / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, then flows into the jth cold / heat storage bed through the jth series pipe. After passing through the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds, the high / normal temperature fluid cools down to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the jth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the series operation of the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds, detect the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed. Then execute step 2-12.

[0130] Step 2-12: Let the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / hot filling bed be T25 and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / hot filling bed be T26. If the temperature difference between T25 and T26 reaches the preset second space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-13.

[0131] Step 2-13: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the jth series control valve, assign the value of n to j, and return to step 2-3.

[0132] Step 2-14: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end the cold energy release.

[0133] The values ​​of the second time temperature difference threshold and the second space temperature difference threshold mentioned above are both in the range of 8~12℃ and can be adjusted as needed.

[0134] One as attached Figure 1 The specific embodiment shown releases cold energy through the following steps:

[0135] Open the high-temperature fluid input main control valve V4 and the low-temperature fluid output main control valve V7.

[0136] With parameter n set to 6, open the sixth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1F.

[0137] Open the sixth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2F.

[0138] The sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) is started to operate independently, releasing cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) through the high-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the sixth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After contacting the energy storage material in the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F), the temperature of the energy storage material rises, while the fluid cools down to become a normal / low temperature fluid. This normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the sixth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During this process, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) gradually increases. During the independent operation of the sixth cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed F), the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet and outlet of the sixth cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed F) is detected.

[0139] Let T21 be the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F) at any given time, and T22 be the temperature of the fluid output from its low-temperature inlet / outlet at the initial moment when the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F) is operating independently. After the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F) has been operating independently for a period of time, if the temperature difference between T22 and T21 reaches a preset second time temperature difference threshold, then the following steps are executed. For example, if the second time temperature difference threshold is ~10℃, then the temperature difference between T22 and T21 reaches ~10℃, meaning the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F) has increased by ~10℃ compared to the initial moment of its independent operation, then the following steps are executed.

[0140] At this point, only the sixth cold / hot packed bed (cold / hot packed bed F) has released cold energy.

[0141] Since n=6≠1, the sixth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1F is closed, and the fifth series control valve V3E and the fifth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1E are opened.

[0142] The sixth and fifth cold / heat storage beds (F and E) are started to operate in series to release cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the sixth cold / heat storage bed (F) through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the sixth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the fifth cold / heat storage bed (E) through the fifth series pipeline. After the high / normal temperature fluid comes into contact with the energy storage material in the beds of the sixth and fifth cold / heat storage beds (F and E), the temperature of the energy storage material rises and the fluid cools down to become normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the fifth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipeline. During the series operation of the sixth and fifth cold / hot packed beds (F and E), the temperatures of the fluid input to the high-temperature inlet and outlet of the sixth cold / hot packed bed (F) and the fluid output from the low-temperature inlet and outlet of the sixth cold / hot packed bed (F) are monitored. Operating the sixth and fifth cold / hot packed beds (F and E) in series minimizes the fluid outlet temperature, meeting subsequent usage requirements.

[0143] Let T23 be the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F) at any given time, and T24 be the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F). If the temperature difference between T23 and T24 reaches a preset second space temperature difference threshold, then the following steps are executed. For example, if the second space temperature difference threshold is ~10℃, then the temperature difference between T23 and T24 reaches ~10℃, that is, the temperature difference between the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the sixth cold / heat filled bed (cold / heat filled bed F) and the fluid output from its low-temperature end inlet / outlet is ~10℃, then the following steps are executed.

[0144] After closing the sixth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2F and the fifth series control valve V3F, and assigning n a value of 5, open the fifth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2E, allowing the fifth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed E) to begin operating independently and releasing cold energy. The process is the same as that of the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) operating independently. Then, the fifth cold / heat storage bed (Cold / heat storage bed E) operates in series with the fourth cold / heat storage bed (Cold / heat storage bed D). This continues until the first cold / heat storage bed (Cold / heat storage bed A) operates independently, and all cold / heat storage beds have released cold energy. At this point, close the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V2A, the first low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve V1A, the high-temperature fluid input master control valve V4, and the low-temperature fluid output master control valve V7, ending the cold energy release.

[0145] The above process begins with the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) and sequentially releases cold energy to the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A). If the cold energy release begins from a bed other than the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F), the process will return to the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) after the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) has completed its cold energy release process, continuing until all cold / heat storage beds have released their cold energy. Since there is no series connection between the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) and the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F), there is no series connection operation between the first cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed A) and the sixth cold / heat storage bed (cold / heat storage bed F) (corresponding to steps 2-11 to 2-13). If a sixth series path is set between the first cold / hot filling bed (cold / hot filling bed A) and the sixth cold / hot filling bed (cold / hot filling bed F), then the operation process of the first cold / hot filling bed (cold / hot filling bed A) and the sixth cold / hot filling bed (cold / hot filling bed F) in series mode is the same as the aforementioned series mode operation process (corresponding to steps 1-8 to 1-10), and will not be repeated here.

[0146] (3) Thermal energy storage (thermal energy recovery) methods

[0147] Thermal energy storage methods include the following steps:

[0148] Step 3-1: Open the main control valve for the high-temperature fluid inlet and the main control valve for the low-temperature fluid outlet.

[0149] Step 3-2: Set a value for parameter p (p is a positive integer less than or equal to j) and open the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0150] Step 3-3: Open the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0151] Steps 3-4: Start the p-th cold / hot packed bed to operate independently and store thermal energy. Allow high / normal temperature fluid to flow into the p-th cold / hot packed bed through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the p-th cold / hot packed bed, the high / normal temperature fluid cools down to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the independent operation of the p-th cold / hot packed bed, monitor the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed.

[0152] Step 3-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at any given time be T31, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T32. If the temperature difference between T32 and T31 reaches the preset third time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-6.

[0153] Step 3-6: Determine whether all cold / hot packed beds have stored thermal energy. If yes, proceed to step 3-14; otherwise, proceed to step 3-7.

[0154] Step 3-7: When p≠1, close the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (p-1)-th series control valve and the (p-1)-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-8; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the n-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the j-th series control valve and the j-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-11; When n=1 and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the n-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the n-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign n to j, open the j-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the j-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 3-4.

[0155] Step 3-8: Start the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the (p-1)-th cold / heat storage bed to operate in series to store thermal energy. The high / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (p-1)-th cold / heat storage bed through the (p-1)-th series pipe. After passing through the p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds, the high / normal temperature fluid cools down to become normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (p-1)-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 3-9.

[0156] Step 3-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T33, and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T34. If the temperature difference between T33 and T34 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-10.

[0157] Step 3-10: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the p-1-th series control valve, assign p to p-1, and return to step 3-3.

[0158] Step 3-11: Start the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage beds in series to store thermal energy. The high / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the j-th cold / heat storage bed through the j-th series pipe. After passing through the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage beds, the high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the j-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the series operation of the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage beds, detect the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 3-12.

[0159] Step 3-12: Let the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T35, and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T36. If the temperature difference between T35 and T36 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-13.

[0160] Step 3-13: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the j-th series control valve, assign the value of p to j, and return to step 3-3.

[0161] Step 3-14: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end thermal energy storage.

[0162] The values ​​of the aforementioned third time temperature difference threshold and third space temperature difference threshold are both in the range of 8~12℃, and can be adjusted as needed, for example, to ~10℃.

[0163] As can be seen from steps 3-1 to 3-14 above, the process of thermal energy storage is the reverse of that of cold energy storage, but similar to that of cold energy utilization. That is, during thermal energy storage, each cold / hot packed bed is utilized in a backward-to-forward order (e.g., from cold / hot packed bed F to cold / hot packed bed A). Therefore, a specific process example can be found in the example of cold energy utilization.

[0164] (4) Methods of utilizing thermal energy

[0165] The method of utilizing thermal energy includes the following steps:

[0166] Step 4-1: Open the main control valve for the low-temperature fluid inlet and the main control valve for the high-temperature fluid outlet.

[0167] Step 4-2: Set a value for parameter q (q is a positive integer less than or equal to j) and open the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0168] Step 4-3: Open the qth cryogenic end fluid inlet / outlet control valve.

[0169] Step 4-4: Start the qth cold / hot packed bed to operate independently and release heat energy. Let the low / normal temperature fluid flow into the qth cold / hot packed bed through the low temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the qth low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline. After passing through the qth cold / hot packed bed, the low / normal temperature fluid will be heated to become normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid will be sent out through the qth high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the high temperature end fluid output main pipeline. During the independent operation of the qth cold / hot packed bed, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot packed bed.

[0170] Step 4-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot packed bed at any given time be T41, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot packed bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T42. If the temperature difference between T42 and T41 reaches the preset fourth time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to step 4-6.

[0171] Step 4-6: Determine whether all cold / hot packed beds have released heat energy. If yes, proceed to step 4-14; otherwise, proceed to step 4-7.

[0172] Step 4-7: When q≠j, close the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the q-th series control valve and the (q+1)-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-8; When q=j and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the q-th series control valve and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-11; When q=j and the energy storage device includes j-1 series pipelines, close the q-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign q to 1, open the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the first low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 4-4.

[0173] Step 4-8: Start the qth cold / heat storage bed and the (q+1)th cold / heat storage bed to release heat energy by operating in series. The low / normal temperature fluid flows into the qth cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the qth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (q+1)th cold / heat storage bed through the qth series pipe. After passing through the qth and (q+1)th cold / heat storage beds, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to become normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the (q+1)th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the qth and (q+1)th cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 4-9.

[0174] Step 4-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot packed bed at any given time be T43, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot packed bed be T44. If the temperature difference between T43 and T44 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-10.

[0175] Step 4-10: Close the qth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth series control valve, assign q to q+1, and return to step 4-3.

[0176] Step 4-11: Start the qth cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed to operate in series and release heat energy. Let the low / room temperature fluid flow into the qth cold / heat storage bed through the low temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the qth low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flow into the first cold / heat storage bed through the qth series pipeline. After passing through the qth cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed, the low / room temperature fluid is heated to become room / high temperature fluid. The room / high temperature fluid is sent out through the first high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline and the high temperature end fluid output main pipeline. During the operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 4-12.

[0177] Step 4-12: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filled bed at any given time be T45, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filled bed be T46. If the temperature difference between T45 and T46 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-13.

[0178] Step 4-13: Close the q-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the q-th series control valve, assign q to 1, and return to step 4-3.

[0179] Step 4-14: Close the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the q-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end the release of heat energy.

[0180] The values ​​of the fourth time temperature difference threshold and the fourth space temperature difference threshold mentioned above are both in the range of 8~12℃, and can be adjusted as needed, for example, to ~10℃.

[0181] As can be seen from steps 4-1 to 4-14 above, the process of thermal energy utilization is the reverse of that of cold energy utilization, but similar to that of cold energy storage. That is, when utilizing thermal energy, each cold / hot packed bed is utilized in a forward-to-back order (e.g., from cold / hot packed bed A to cold / hot packed bed F). Therefore, a specific process example can be found in the example of cold energy storage.

[0182] In the above scheme, after the cold energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate and store cold energy; after the heat energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate and store heat energy. This process can be repeated to achieve the functions of energy storage and utilization.

[0183] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage device, characterized in that: The energy storage device includes j cold / hot packed beds, a low-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline, a low-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / hot packed beds, a high-temperature fluid inlet main pipeline, a high-temperature fluid outlet main pipeline, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / hot packed beds, j series pipelines, a low-temperature fluid inlet main control valve, a low-temperature fluid outlet main control valve, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, a high-temperature fluid inlet main control valve, a high-temperature fluid outlet main control valve, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, and j series control valves; each cold / hot packed bed has a high-temperature inlet / outlet and a low-temperature inlet / outlet; j is an integer greater than or equal to 2; One end of the low-temperature fluid inlet main pipe and one end of the low-temperature fluid outlet main pipe are each connected to one end of each of the low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes. The other end of each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe is connected to the corresponding low-temperature inlet / outlet of the cold / hot packed bed. Similarly, one end of the high-temperature fluid inlet main pipe and one end of the high-temperature fluid outlet main pipe are each connected to one end of each of the high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes. The other end of each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe is connected to the corresponding low-temperature inlet / outlet of the cold / hot packed bed. The high-temperature inlet / outlet of the hot-filled bed is connected to the i-th series pipe; one end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the i-th cold / hot filling bed, the other end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the (i+1)-th cold / hot filling bed, one end of the j-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the j-th cold / hot filling bed, and the other end of the j-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the first cold / hot filling bed, where i is a positive integer less than or equal to j-1; The low-temperature fluid input main control valve is located on the low-temperature fluid input main pipeline, the low-temperature fluid output main control valve is located on the low-temperature fluid output main pipeline, each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is located on each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, the high-temperature fluid input main control valve is located on the high-temperature fluid input main pipeline, the high-temperature fluid output main control valve is located on the high-temperature fluid output main pipeline, each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is located on each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and each series control valve is located on each series pipeline.

2. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-temperature end thermometer is installed at the high-temperature end inlet and outlet of each of the aforementioned cold / heat storage beds, and a low-temperature end thermometer is installed at the low-temperature end inlet and outlet of each of the aforementioned cold / heat storage beds.

3. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cold / heat storage bed includes a sealed container and energy storage material filled inside the sealed container.

4. The energy storage device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The energy storage material is a pebble, ceramic ball, or metal particle.

5. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device also includes a controller for controlling the low-temperature fluid input master control valve, the low-temperature fluid output master control valve, the low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the high-temperature fluid input master control valve, the high-temperature fluid output master control valve, the high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and the series control valve.

6. The energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device further includes a heat preservation mechanism, which is an insulation layer independently disposed outside each of the cold / heat storage beds, or the heat preservation mechanism includes an insulation tank for accommodating each of the cold / heat storage beds and insulation material filled between the insulation tank and each of the cold / heat storage beds.

7. The energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The insulation material is perlite.

8. An energy storage and utilization method, applied in the energy storage device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage and utilization methods include cold energy storage methods, cold energy utilization methods, thermal energy storage methods, and thermal energy utilization methods; The cold energy storage method includes the following steps: Step 1-1: Open the low-temperature fluid inlet control valve and the high-temperature fluid outlet control valve; Step 1-2: Set the value for parameter m, where m is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 1-3: Open the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 1-4: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed to operate independently and store cold energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the m-th cold / heat storage bed through the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the m-th cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed. Steps 1-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed at any given time be T11, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T12. If the temperature difference between T12 and T11 reaches a preset first time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to steps 1-6. Steps 1-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have stored cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 1-14; otherwise, proceed to step 1-7. Steps 1-7: When m≠j, close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the (m+1)-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-8; when m=j and the energy storage device includes j series pipelines, close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-11; Steps 1-8: The m-th and (m+1)-th cold / heat storage beds are started in series to store cold energy. Low / normal temperature fluid flows into the m-th cold / heat storage bed first through the main low-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the m-th low-temperature fluid outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (m+1)-th cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipe. The low / normal temperature fluid passes through both the m-th and (m+1)-th cold / heat storage beds. The fluid is then heated to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the (m+1)th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the mth cold / hot storage bed and the (m+1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the mth cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the mth cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 1-9 are executed. Steps 1-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T13, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T14. If the temperature difference between T13 and T14 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute steps 1-10. Steps 1-10: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign m to m+1, and return to steps 1-3; Step 1-11: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed to operate in series to store cold energy. A low / normal temperature fluid flows into the m-th cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the first cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipe. The low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature after passing through the m-th and first cold / heat storage beds. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the m-th and first cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 1-12. Step 1-12: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T15, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T16. If the temperature difference between T15 and T16 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 1-13. Step 1-13: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign m to 1, and return to step 1-3; Steps 1-14: Close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end cold energy storage; The cold energy utilization method includes the following steps: Step 2-1: Open the high-temperature end fluid input main control valve and the low-temperature end fluid output main control valve; Step 2-2: Set a value for parameter n, where n is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 2-3: Open the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 2-4: The nth cold / heat storage bed is started to operate independently, releasing cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the nth cold / heat storage bed, the high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed is detected. Step 2-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed at any time be T21, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of independent operation be T22. If the temperature difference between T22 and T21 reaches the preset second time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-6. Step 2-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have released cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 2-14; otherwise, proceed to step 2-7. Step 2-7: When n≠1, close the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (n-1)th series control valve and the (n-1)th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-8; when n=1, close the first cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the jth series control valve and the jth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-11; Steps 2-8: The nth and (n-1)th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to release cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (n-1)th cold / heat storage bed through the (n-1)th series pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid flows through the nth and (n-1)th cold / heat storage beds... The fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature after passing through the bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (n-1)th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the (n-1)th cold / heat storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed are detected, and then steps 2-9 are executed. Step 2-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T23 and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T24. If the temperature difference between T23 and T24 reaches the preset second space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-10. Step 2-10: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the (n-1)th series control valve, assign n to the value n-1, and return to step 2-3; Step 2-11: Start the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds in series to release cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed via the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, then flows into the jth cold / heat storage bed via the jth series pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid cools down to normal / low temperature fluid after passing through the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out via the jth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the series operation of the nth and jth cold / heat storage beds, detect the temperature of the fluid input at the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output at the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 2-12. Step 2-12: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T25 and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T26. If the temperature difference between T25 and T26 reaches the preset second space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-13. Step 2-13: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the jth series control valve, assign the value of n to j, and return to step 2-3; Step 2-14: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end the cold energy release; The thermal energy storage method includes the following steps: Step 3-1: Open the high-temperature end fluid input main control valve and the low-temperature end fluid output main control valve; Step 3-2: Set a value for parameter p, where p is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Step 3-3: Open the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 3-4: The p-th cold / heat storage bed is started to operate independently to store thermal energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet main pipe and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid after passing through the p-th cold / heat storage bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the p-th cold / heat storage bed, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed is detected. Step 3-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at any time be T31, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at the initial time of its independent operation be T32. If the temperature difference between T32 and T31 reaches the preset third time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-6. Step 3-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have stored thermal energy. If yes, proceed to step 3-14; otherwise, proceed to step 3-7. Step 3-7: When p≠1, close the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (p-1)-th series control valve and the (p-1)-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-8; when n=1, close the n-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the j-th series control valve and the j-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-11; Steps 3-8: The p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to store thermal energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the p-1-th cold / heat storage bed through the p-1-th series pipeline. The high / normal temperature fluid flows through the p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds... The fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature after passing through the bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (p-1)th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the p-th cold / hot storage bed and the (p-1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 3-9 are executed. Step 3-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T33, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T34. If the temperature difference between T33 and T34 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-10. Step 3-10: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the p-1-th series control valve, assign p to p-1 and return to step 3-3; Step 3-11: Start the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage filled beds in series to store thermal energy. The high / normal temperature fluid first flows into the p-th cold / heat storage filled bed through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the j-th cold / heat storage filled bed through the j-th series pipeline. The high / normal temperature fluid, after passing through the p-th and j-th cold / heat storage filled beds... The fluid is cooled to become a normal / low-temperature fluid, which is then sent out through the j-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the j-th cold / heat storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed are detected, and then steps 3-12 are executed. Step 3-12: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T35, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T36. If the temperature difference between T35 and T36 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-13. Step 3-13: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the j-th series control valve, assign the value of p to j, and return to step 3-3; Step 3-14: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end thermal energy storage; The thermal energy utilization method includes the following steps: Step 4-1: Open the low-temperature fluid input main control valve and the high-temperature fluid output main control valve; Step 4-2: Set the value of parameter q, where q is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Step 4-3: Open the qth cryogenic end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Step 4-4: Initiate the independent operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed to release heat energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the qth cold / heat storage bed via the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the qth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the qth cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then discharged via the qth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed, monitor the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed. Step 4-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed at any given time be T41, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T42. If the temperature difference between T42 and T41 reaches the preset fourth time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to step 4-6. Step 4-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have released heat energy. If yes, proceed to step 4-14; otherwise, proceed to step 4-7. Step 4-7: When q≠j, close the qth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the qth series control valve and the (q+1)th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-8; when q=j, close the qth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the qth series control valve and the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-11; Steps 4-8: The q-th and q+1-th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to release heat energy. Low / room temperature fluid flows into the q-th cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the q-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the q+1-th cold / heat storage bed through the q-th series pipeline. The low / room temperature fluid flows through the q-th and q+1-th cold / heat storage beds. The fluid is then heated to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the (q+1)th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the qth cold / hot storage bed and the (q+1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 4-9 are executed. Step 4-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T43, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed be T44. If the temperature difference between T43 and T44 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-10. Step 4-10: Close the qth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth series control valve, assign q to q+1 and return to step 4-3; Step 4-11: Start the qth cold / heat storage bed and the first cold / heat storage bed to operate in series to release heat energy. The low / room temperature fluid flows into the qth cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the qth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the first cold / heat storage bed through the qth series pipe. The low / room temperature fluid is heated to room / high temperature fluid after passing through the qth and first cold / heat storage beds. The room / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the first high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid output main pipe. During the operation of the qth and first cold / heat storage beds in series, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed, and then execute step 4-12. Step 4-12: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T45, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed be T46. If the temperature difference between T45 and T46 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-13. Step 4-13: Close the qth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth series control valve, set q to 1, and return to step 4-3; Step 4-14: Close the q-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the q-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature fluid output main control valve to end the release of heat energy.

9. The energy storage and utilization method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first time temperature difference threshold, the first space temperature difference threshold, the second time temperature difference threshold, the second space temperature difference threshold, the third time temperature difference threshold, the third space temperature difference threshold, the fourth time temperature difference threshold, and the fourth space temperature difference threshold all have a value range of 8~12℃.

10. The energy storage and utilization method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the cold energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate in the cold energy storage mode; after the heat energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate in the heat energy storage mode.

11. An energy storage and utilization method, applied in an energy storage device, the energy storage device comprising j cold / hot packed beds, a low-temperature fluid input main pipeline, a low-temperature fluid output main pipeline, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / hot packed beds, a high-temperature fluid input main pipeline, a high-temperature fluid output main pipeline, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipelines corresponding one-to-one with the cold / hot packed beds, j-1 series pipelines, a low-temperature fluid input main control valve, a low-temperature fluid output main control valve, j low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, a high-temperature fluid input main control valve, a high-temperature fluid output main control valve, j high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valves, and j-1 series control valves; each cold / hot packed bed has a high-temperature inlet / outlet and a low-temperature inlet / outlet; j is an integer greater than or equal to 2; One end of the low-temperature fluid inlet main pipe and one end of the low-temperature fluid outlet main pipe are each connected to one end of each of the low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes. The other end of each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the corresponding cold / heat storage bed. One end of the high-temperature fluid inlet main pipe and one end of the high-temperature fluid outlet main pipe are each connected to one end of each of the high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipes. The other end of each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the corresponding cold / heat storage bed. One end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the high-temperature inlet / outlet of the i-th cold / heat storage bed, and the other end of the i-th series pipe is connected to the low-temperature inlet / outlet of the (i+1)-th cold / heat storage bed. i is a positive integer less than or equal to j-1. The low-temperature fluid input main control valve is installed on the low-temperature fluid input main pipeline, the low-temperature fluid output main control valve is installed on the low-temperature fluid output main pipeline, each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is installed on each low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, the high-temperature fluid input main control valve is installed on the high-temperature fluid input main pipeline, the high-temperature fluid output main control valve is installed on the high-temperature fluid output main pipeline, each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve is installed on each high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and each series control valve is installed on each series pipeline. Its features are: The energy storage and utilization methods include cold energy storage methods, cold energy utilization methods, thermal energy storage methods, and thermal energy utilization methods; The cold energy storage method includes the following steps: Step 1-1: Open the low-temperature fluid inlet control valve and the high-temperature fluid outlet control valve; Step 1-2: Set the value for parameter m, where m is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 1-3: Open the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 1-4: Start the m-th cold / heat storage bed to operate independently and store cold energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the m-th cold / heat storage bed through the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the m-th cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then sent out through the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the m-th cold / heat storage bed, detect the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed. Steps 1-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed at any given time be T11, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T12. If the temperature difference between T12 and T11 reaches a preset first time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to steps 1-6. Steps 1-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have stored cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 1-14; otherwise, proceed to step 1-7. Steps 1-7: When m≠j, close the m-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the m-th series control valve and the (m+1)-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute steps 1-8; when m=j, close the m-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign m a value of 1, open the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the first low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to steps 1-4; Steps 1-8: The m-th and (m+1)-th cold / heat storage beds are started in series to store cold energy. Low / normal temperature fluid flows into the m-th cold / heat storage bed first through the main low-temperature fluid inlet pipe and the m-th low-temperature fluid outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (m+1)-th cold / heat storage bed through the m-th series pipe. The low / normal temperature fluid passes through both the m-th and (m+1)-th cold / heat storage beds. The fluid is then heated to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the (m+1)th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the mth cold / hot storage bed and the (m+1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the mth cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the mth cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 1-9 are executed. Steps 1-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T13, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the m-th cold / hot filling bed be T14. If the temperature difference between T13 and T14 reaches the preset first space temperature difference threshold, then execute steps 1-10. Steps 1-10: Close the m-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the m-th series control valve, assign m to m+1, and return to steps 1-3; Steps 1-14: Close the m-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the m-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end cold energy storage; The cold energy utilization method includes the following steps: Step 2-1: Open the high-temperature end fluid input main control valve and the low-temperature end fluid output main control valve; Step 2-2: Set a value for parameter n, where n is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the nth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 2-3: Open the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 2-4: The nth cold / heat storage bed is started to operate independently, releasing cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the nth cold / heat storage bed, the high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed is detected. Step 2-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed at any time be T21, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of independent operation be T22. If the temperature difference between T22 and T21 reaches the preset second time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-6. Step 2-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have released cold energy. If yes, proceed to step 2-14; otherwise, proceed to step 2-7. Step 2-7: When n≠1, close the nth low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (n-1)th series control valve and the (n-1)th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 2-8; when n=1, close the nth low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign n the value j, open the nth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the nth low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 2-4; Steps 2-8: The nth and (n-1)th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to release cold energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the nth cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipe and the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe, and then flows into the (n-1)th cold / heat storage bed through the (n-1)th series pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid flows through the nth and (n-1)th cold / heat storage beds... The fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature after passing through the bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (n-1)th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the (n-1)th cold / heat storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed are detected, and then steps 2-9 are executed. Step 2-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T23 and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the nth cold / heat storage bed be T24. If the temperature difference between T23 and T24 reaches the preset second space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 2-10. Step 2-10: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the (n-1)th series control valve, assign n to the value n-1, and return to step 2-3; Step 2-14: Close the nth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the nth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end the cold energy release; The thermal energy storage method includes the following steps: Step 3-1: Open the high-temperature end fluid input main control valve and the low-temperature end fluid output main control valve; Step 3-2: Set a value for parameter p, where p is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the p-th cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Step 3-3: Open the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Steps 3-4: The p-th cold / heat storage bed is started to operate independently to store thermal energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed through the high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet main pipe and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. The high / normal temperature fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature fluid after passing through the p-th cold / heat storage bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the p-th cold / heat storage bed, the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / heat storage bed is detected. Step 3-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at any time be T31, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet of the p-th cold / hot packed bed at the initial time of its independent operation be T32. If the temperature difference between T32 and T31 reaches the preset third time temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-6. Step 3-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have stored thermal energy. If yes, proceed to step 3-14; otherwise, proceed to step 3-7. Step 3-7: When p≠1, close the p-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the (p-1)-th series control valve and the (p-1)-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 3-8; when n=1, close the n-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the n-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign n to j, open the j-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the j-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 3-4; Steps 3-8: The p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to store thermal energy. High / normal temperature fluid flows into the p-th cold / heat storage bed first through the high-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the p-1-th cold / heat storage bed through the p-1-th series pipeline. The high / normal temperature fluid flows through the p-th and p-1-th cold / heat storage beds... The fluid is cooled to normal / low temperature after passing through the bed. The normal / low temperature fluid is then sent out through the (p-1)th low temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the low temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the p-th cold / hot storage bed and the (p-1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid input to the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid output from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 3-9 are executed. Step 3-9: Let the temperature of the fluid input to the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T33, and the temperature of the fluid output from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the p-th cold / hot filling bed be T34. If the temperature difference between T33 and T34 reaches the preset third space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 3-10. Step 3-10: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the p-1-th series control valve, assign p to p-1 and return to step 3-3; Step 3-14: Close the p-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the p-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature end fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature end fluid output main control valve to end thermal energy storage; The thermal energy utilization method includes the following steps: Step 4-1: Open the low-temperature fluid inlet control valve and the high-temperature fluid outlet control valve; Step 4-2: Set the value of parameter q, where q is a positive integer less than or equal to j, and open the q-th high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Step 4-3: Open the qth cryogenic end fluid inlet / outlet control valve; Step 4-4: Initiate the independent operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed to release heat energy. Allow low / normal temperature fluid to flow into the qth cold / heat storage bed via the low-temperature end fluid inlet main pipe and the qth low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe. After passing through the qth cold / heat storage bed, the low / normal temperature fluid is heated to normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is then discharged via the qth high-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high-temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the independent operation of the qth cold / heat storage bed, monitor the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed. Step 4-5: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed at any given time be T41, and the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / heat storage bed at the initial moment of its independent operation be T42. If the temperature difference between T42 and T41 reaches the preset fourth time temperature difference threshold, then proceed to step 4-6. Step 4-6: Determine whether all the cold / heat storage beds have released heat energy. If yes, proceed to step 4-14; otherwise, proceed to step 4-7. Step 4-7: When q≠j, close the qth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, open the qth series control valve and the (q+1)th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and then execute step 4-8; when q=j, close the qth low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, then assign q to 1, open the first high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the first low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, and return to step 4-4; Steps 4-8: The q-th and q+1-th cold / heat storage beds are started to operate in series to release heat energy. Low / room temperature fluid flows into the q-th cold / heat storage bed first through the low-temperature end fluid input main pipeline and the q-th low-temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipeline, and then flows into the q+1-th cold / heat storage bed through the q-th series pipeline. The low / room temperature fluid flows through the q-th and q+1-th cold / heat storage beds. The fluid is then heated to become a normal / high temperature fluid. The normal / high temperature fluid is sent out through the (q+1)th high temperature end fluid inlet / outlet branch pipe and the high temperature end fluid outlet main pipe. During the operation of the qth cold / hot storage bed and the (q+1)th cold / hot storage bed in series, the temperature of the fluid output from the high temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot storage bed and the temperature of the fluid input from the low temperature end inlet / outlet of the qth cold / hot storage bed are detected, and then steps 4-9 are executed. Step 4-9: Let the temperature of the fluid output from the high-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed at any given time be T43, and the temperature of the fluid input from the low-temperature end inlet / outlet of the q-th cold / hot filling bed be T44. If the temperature difference between T43 and T44 reaches the preset fourth space temperature difference threshold, then execute step 4-10. Step 4-10: Close the qth cryogenic fluid inlet / outlet control valve and the qth series control valve, assign q to q+1 and return to step 4-3; Step 4-14: Close the q-th high-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the q-th low-temperature fluid inlet / outlet control valve, the low-temperature fluid input main control valve, and the high-temperature fluid output main control valve to end the release of heat energy.

12. The energy storage and utilization method according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first time temperature difference threshold, the first space temperature difference threshold, the second time temperature difference threshold, the second space temperature difference threshold, the third time temperature difference threshold, the third space temperature difference threshold, the fourth time temperature difference threshold, and the fourth space temperature difference threshold all have a value range of 8~12℃.

13. The energy storage and utilization method according to claim 11, characterized in that: After the cold energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate in the cold energy storage mode; after the heat energy release process is completed, the energy storage device is ready to operate in the heat energy storage mode.

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