Integrated multi-temperature-zone combined cooling, heating and power carnot cell energy storage system and operation method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of integrated multi-temperature zone's cold and heat and power triple-generation Carnot cell energy storage system and operating method, it is related to thermal energy storage technical field;The system includes heat pump circulation energy storage, heat engine cycle power generation, multi-temperature zone heat storage, multi-temperature zone cold storage, multi-temperature zone heating and multi-temperature zone cooling 6 subsystems;At electricity low valley, based on the reverse brayton heat pump cycle, the excess electric energy is converted into heat energy of different temperature zones, and is stored into heat storage tank and cold storage tank respectively;When electricity peak, based on the brayton heat engine cycle, the conversion from heat energy to electric energy is realized, and through three-stage high temperature, medium temperature and low temperature heat storage tank, the industrial heating and heating demand can be met, and through two-stage low temperature cold storage tank, the freezing and refrigeration working condition demand can be met.The Carnot cell energy storage system of the application can store single electric energy and convert into cold and heat and power three energy forms output, meet the energy demand in a variety of actual scenarios, and can be used to suppress power grid and user load fluctuation, promote new energy consumption.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of comprehensive energy utilization and energy storage technology, in particular to a cold heat and power trigeneration Carnot battery energy storage system integrated with multiple temperature zones and an operation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Energy saving and emission reduction is the theme of energy development and utilization in today's era, and renewable energy and new green energy are the inevitable trend of the future. However, the strong time-varying characteristics of renewable energy also bring great challenges to the safety and stability of the power system. Energy storage technology, with its peak load shifting characteristics, has become a key support for the large-scale development of new energy technology. Carnot battery uses heat pump cycle and heat engine cycle to realize electric energy value-added heating and heat-electricity conversion, which is a highly potential high-efficiency large-scale heat energy storage technology. The Carnot battery energy storage technology can be used to build a new type of cold heat and power trigeneration comprehensive energy system, which can realize the cascade utilization of energy and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of energy. However, there is currently a lack of design and operation method for the system configuration of the Carnot battery cold heat and power trigeneration system, and the problems to be solved include:

[0003] 1) Currently, there is little research on Carnot battery used in cold heat and power trigeneration system. How to design the system configuration, circulating working medium and matching energy storage medium so that the overall efficiency of the system is high and meets the actual energy demand;

[0004] 2) During the operation of the cold heat and power trigeneration system, what kind of operation and control strategy should be adopted to meet the changes in actual production and life energy demand and maintain high efficiency of the system and good thermal economy. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a cold heat and power trigeneration Carnot battery energy storage system integrated with multiple temperature zones and an operation method thereof. The Carnot battery energy storage system of the present application can store single electric energy and convert it into cold heat and power in three forms of energy output, meet the energy demand in various actual scenarios, and be used to suppress the fluctuation of power grid and user load and promote new energy consumption.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows:

[0007] A cold heat and power trigeneration Carnot battery energy storage system integrated with multiple temperature zones, which comprises six subsystems: a heat pump cycle energy storage system, a heat engine cycle power generation system, a multi-temperature zone heat storage system, a multi-temperature zone cold storage system, a multi-temperature zone heat supply system and a multi-temperature zone cold supply system; wherein,

[0008] The heat pump cycle energy storage system comprises a heat pump electric compressor 1, a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a heat pump expansion generator 3, a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 connected in sequence; the working medium first flows through the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 to absorb heat and increase temperature, then enters the heat pump electric compressor 1 to be compressed and heated, then enters the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 in sequence to release heat in sequence, then flows through the heat pump expansion generator 3 to expand and do work and generate electricity, and finally enters the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 again to repeat the process;

[0009] The heat engine cycle power generation system comprises a heat engine expansion generator 10, a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2, a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1, a heat engine compressor 11, a flow regulating valve 12, a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1 connected in sequence; the working medium first enters the heat engine compressor 11 to be compressed, then flows through the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1 in sequence through the flow regulating valve 12 to absorb heat and increase temperature, then enters the heat engine expansion generator 10 to expand and do work and generate electricity, then enters the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 to release heat, and finally enters the heat engine compressor 11 again to repeat the process;

[0010] The multi-temperature zone heat storage system comprises a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, a hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5a, a 2# high-temperature heat storage medium pump 5d, a cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5b and a 1# high-temperature heat storage medium pump 5c connected in sequence, a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, a hot-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6a, a 2# medium-temperature heat storage medium pump 6d, a cold-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6b and a 1# medium-temperature heat storage medium pump 6c connected in sequence, a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a hot-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7a, a 2# low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7d, a cold-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7b and a 1# low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7c connected in sequence; when the heat pump circulates, the working medium flows through the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 in sequence to release heat, the 1# high-temperature heat storage medium pump 5c arranged in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5b to the hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5a, the 1# medium-temperature heat storage medium pump 6c arranged in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the cold-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6b to the hot-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6a, and the 1# low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7c arranged in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the cold-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7b to the hot-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7a, so that heat storage in different temperature zones is realized; when the heat engine circulates, the working medium flows through the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1 in sequence to absorb heat, the 2# high-temperature heat storage medium pump 5d arranged in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5a to the cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5b, the 2# medium-temperature heat storage medium pump (6d) arranged in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the hot-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6a to the cold-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6b, and the 2# low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7d arranged in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the hot-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7a to the cold-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7b, so that heat release and utilization are realized.

[0011] The multi-temperature zone cold storage system comprises a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1, a hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8a, a 1# cold storage medium pump 8c, a cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8b and a 2# cold storage medium pump 8d connected in sequence, a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2, a hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a, a 3# cold storage medium pump 9c, a cold-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9b and a 4# cold storage medium pump 9d connected in sequence; in the heat pump cycle, the working medium flows through the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 in sequence to absorb heat, the 1# cold storage medium pump 8c provided in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8a to the cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8b, the 3# cold storage medium pump 9c provided in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a to the cold-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9b, so that the cold energy storage in different temperature zones is realized; in the heat engine cycle, the working medium flows through the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 in sequence to release heat, the 2# cold storage medium pump 8d provided in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8b to the hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8a, and the 4# cold storage medium pump 9d provided in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the cold-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9b to the hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a, so that the cold energy release and utilization are realized.

[0012] The multi-temperature zone heating system comprises two-stage heating, namely an industrial heating circuit and a heating heating circuit, wherein: in the industrial heating circuit, low-temperature heating steam from a low-temperature steam pipeline 28 is connected with a steam pump 15, a low-temperature heating steam branch valve 16 and a medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 in sequence, and then is divided into two paths by a hot-side steam three-way valve 18, one path directly returns to a medium-temperature steam heating circuit 29, and the other path is connected with a high-temperature steam heating circuit 30 after passing through a high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14; the heat of a hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5a is transferred to the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 through a 2# high-temperature heat storage medium pump 5d and a high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 13, the outlet heat storage medium of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 returns to a cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5b, and the process is repeated; the heat of a hot-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6a is transferred to a medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 through a 2# medium-temperature heat storage medium pump 6d and a medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 19, the outlet heat storage medium of the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 returns to a cold-side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6b, and the process is repeated; in the heating heating circuit, low-temperature return water from a heating return water pipeline 31 flows through a water pump 22, a hot water valve 23 and a low-temperature return water flow through a hot water heat exchanger 21 in sequence, and finally returns to a hot water supply pipeline 32; the heat of a hot-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7a is transferred to the low-temperature return water flow through the hot water heat exchanger 21 through a 2# low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7d and a low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 20, the outlet heat storage medium of the hot water heat exchanger 21 returns to a cold-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7b, and the process is repeated;

[0013] The multi-temperature zone cooling supply system includes two-stage cooling, i.e. a low-temperature cooling circuit and an ultralow-temperature cooling circuit. In the low-temperature cooling circuit, the cold storage medium from the cold side low-temperature cold storage tank 9b flows through the 4# cold storage medium pump 9d and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 in sequence, part of the cold storage medium enters the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26 to supply cooling to the outside, and finally returns to the hot side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a to repeat the process. In the ultralow-temperature cooling circuit, the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium from the cold side ultralow-temperature cold storage tank 8b flows through the 2# cold storage medium pump 8d and the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 in sequence, part of the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium enters the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24 to supply cooling to the outside, and finally returns to the hot side ultralow-temperature cold storage tank 8a to repeat the process.

[0014] Further, the multi-temperature zone heat storage system adopts a three-stage arrangement, the hot side high-temperature heat storage tank 5a and the cold side high-temperature heat storage tank 5b adopt binary solar salt as the high-temperature heat storage medium, and the working temperature zone is 300-500℃; the hot side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6a and the cold side medium-temperature heat storage tank 6b adopt heat conducting oil as the medium-temperature heat storage medium, and the working temperature zone is 100-350℃; and the hot side low-temperature heat storage tank 7a and the cold side low-temperature heat storage tank 7b adopt normal pressure water as the low-temperature heat storage medium, and the working temperature zone is 20-105℃.

[0015] Further, the multi-temperature zone cold storage system adopts a two-stage arrangement, the hot side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a and the cold side low-temperature cold storage tank 9b adopt organic matter heptane as the low-temperature cold storage medium, and the working temperature zone is -20-25℃; and the hot side ultralow-temperature cold storage tank 8a and the cold side ultralow-temperature cold storage tank 8b adopt organic matter propane as the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium, and the working temperature zone is -60--20℃.

[0016] Further, the working medium of the heat pump cycle and the heat engine cycle adopts argon, the cycle form adopts the Brayton cycle, the working temperature can be as high as 550℃, and as low as -90℃.

[0017] Further, the heat pump electric compressor 1 adopts a centrifugal compressor, the heat pump expansion generator 3 adopts an axial flow expander, and the heat pump electric compressor 1 and the heat pump expansion generator 3 are coaxially connected, so that part of the work of the working medium flowing through the heat pump expansion generator 3 can be recovered to reduce the power consumption; the heat engine expansion generator 10 of the heat engine cycle adopts an axial flow expander, the heat engine compressor 11 adopts a centrifugal compressor, the heat engine expansion generator 10 and the heat engine compressor 11 are coaxially connected, and the drive of the heat engine compressor 11 no longer needs a motor to be separately connected.

[0018] Further, the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 all adopt a tube-shell heat exchanger; the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14, the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17, the hot water heat exchanger 21, the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24 and the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26 all select a plate-fin heat exchanger; the inlet and outlet of the above heat exchangers are all provided with temperature and pressure sensors for detecting and controlling the temperature and pressure, so as to ensure that each heat storage medium and cold storage medium works in its corresponding temperature zone.

[0019] An operation method of a cold-heat-electricity combined supply Carnot cell energy storage system integrated with multiple temperature zones,

[0020] 1) When the user is in the valley of electricity consumption, the heat pump circulation energy storage system is started, the electric energy is input to the heat pump electric compressor 1 to pressurize the working medium, so as to obtain high-temperature and high-pressure working medium, then the working medium enters the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 in turn to release heat, so as to store multiple levels of heat into the high-temperature cold storage tank, the medium-temperature cold storage tank and the low-temperature heat storage tank respectively, then the working medium flows through the heat pump expansion generator 3 to expand and do work and generate electricity, finally the working medium enters the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 to absorb heat, so as to store multiple levels of cold into the ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank and the low-temperature cold storage tank respectively, realizing the conversion and storage of electric energy into heat energy;

[0021] 2) When the user is in the peak of electricity consumption, the heat engine circulation power generation system is started, the working medium flow is adjusted through the flow regulating valve 12, the working medium first flows through the heat engine compressor 11 to be compressed, then absorbs the heat of the low-temperature cold storage tank, the medium-temperature cold storage tank and the high-temperature heat storage tank in the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, obtains high-temperature and high-pressure working medium, then the high-temperature and high-pressure working medium enters the heat engine expansion generator 10 to expand and do work and generate electricity, then the working medium enters the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 to absorb the cold of the low-temperature cold storage tank and the ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank, finally enters the heat engine compressor 11 again, so as to realize the output of electric energy and meet the user's electricity load demand;

[0022] 3) When the user needs heat supply, start the multi-temperature zone heat supply system: when there is an industrial heat supply demand for high-temperature steam, low-temperature heat supply steam is introduced from the low-temperature steam pipeline 28, at this time the low-temperature heat supply steam branch valve 16 and the steam pump 15 are opened, the low-temperature heat supply steam flows through the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17, the hot side steam three-way valve 18 and the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 in turn and is heated by the medium-temperature heat storage medium and the high-temperature heat storage medium in the multi-temperature zone heat storage system in turn to about 300-400℃, and then is supplied through the high-temperature steam heat supply circuit 30; when there is an industrial heat supply demand for medium-temperature steam, the low-temperature steam exchanges heat with the medium-temperature heat storage medium in the multi-temperature zone heat storage system in the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 and is heated to about 150-250℃, and after passing through the hot side steam three-way valve 18, is directly returned to the medium-temperature steam heat supply circuit 29 to provide medium-temperature steam; when there is a heating heat supply demand, the low-temperature return water is introduced through the heat supply return water pipeline 31, at this time, the water pump 22 and the hot water valve 23 on the heat supply return water branch are opened, the low-temperature return water flows through the hot water heat exchanger 21 and exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium in the multi-temperature zone heat storage system to be heated to about 80-90℃, and is returned to the heated hot water through the hot water supply pipeline 32;

[0023] 4) When the user needs cooling supply, start the multi-temperature zone cooling system, the common cooling capacity demand has two kinds, one is-30℃ to-5℃ freezing load, and the other is 0-20℃ refrigeration load; when there is a refrigeration load demand, the 4# cold storage medium pump 9d and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 in the low-temperature cold storage tank circuit are opened, the cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26, the temperature of the refrigerant is reduced, thereby meeting the refrigeration load demand; when there is a freezing load demand, the 2# cold storage medium pump 8d and the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 in the ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank circuit are opened, the refrigerant exchanges heat with the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium in the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24, and when reaching the user side, releases the cooling capacity, thereby meeting the freezing load demand.

[0024] Further, 1) when the user needs multiple forms of heating and does not need electrical load and cold load demand at the same time, at this time, the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 13, the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 19 and the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 20 need to be closed at the same time, respectively flowing into the passageways of the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, and the multi-temperature-zone cooling system is not started; mainly considering the industrial heat load and the heating heat load, among which the industrial heat load belongs to the perennial heat load, which has little change in a year, and the heating heat load belongs to the seasonal heat load, which has actual demand only in the heating season and has large change; if in the heating season, the low-temperature steam loop and the low-temperature heating steam branch valve 16, the hot water valve 23 and the steam pump 15, the water pump 22 on the heating return water branch are opened, the heating return water exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium, the heating steam exchanges heat with the medium-temperature heat storage medium and the high-temperature heat storage medium respectively, and the heating steam is led out through the hot-side steam three-way valve 18 to form a loop for returning the medium-temperature heating steam, so that the output and flow regulation of the heating hot water, the medium-temperature steam and the high-temperature steam can be realized at the same time; when in the non-heating season, the low-temperature heating steam branch valve 16 and the steam pump 15 on the low-temperature steam branch are opened, and the hot water valve 23 and the water pump 22 on the heating return water branch are closed, and the 2# low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7d is closed, so that through the adjustment of the hot-side steam three-way valve 18 in the heating steam loop, the output and flow distribution of the high-temperature steam and the medium-temperature steam can be realized;

[0025] 2) when the user needs multiple forms of cooling and does not need electrical load and heat load demand at the same time, at this time, the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 and the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 need to be closed at the same time, respectively flowing into the passageways of the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1, and the multi-temperature-zone heating system is not started; when in the high-temperature season, both the refrigeration and freezing loads are needed, the passageways of the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 and the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 flowing through the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26 and the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24 are opened, the low-temperature cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant loop, the temperature of the refrigerant is reduced, and the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant loop, which can be used for the freezing working condition; when in the non-high-temperature season, only the freezing working condition is needed, at this time, the passageway of the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 flowing through the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26 is closed, the passageway of the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 flowing through the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24 is opened, the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant loop, the temperature of the refrigerant is reduced, and through the adjustment of the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25, the control of the freezing temperature can also be realized;

[0026] 3) When the user needs multiple forms of heating and cooling at the same time, but there is no electrical load demand, the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 13, the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 19 and the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 20 need to be closed to flow into the passageways of the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 respectively, and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 and the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 need to be closed to flow into the passageways of the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 respectively, and the rest can be operated according to the combination of the schemes of 1) and 2);

[0027] 4) When the user has a cold heat and electrical load demand at the same time; the system first meets the electrical load demand, adjusts the power generation capacity by adjusting the flow of the working medium through the flow regulating valve 12, and at the same time, adjusts the flow distribution of the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 13, the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 19, the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 20, the ultralow-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 in the multi-stage heat storage system and the multi-stage cold storage system for the flow distribution of the heat storage and cold storage medium for heating and power generation, cold and power generation, so that the working medium of the heat engine cycle is in the normal working temperature range; secondly, the heat load demand is met, and finally the cold load demand is considered.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0029] (1) Since the integrated multi-temperature zone heat storage in the present claim can realize the storage and output of multiple heat quantities to meet the diversity of actual heating demand;

[0030] (2) Integrated multi-temperature zone cold storage can realize the storage and output of multiple cold quantities to meet the diversity of actual cooling demand;

[0031] (3) The Carnot battery energy storage system is designed as a combined cooling, heating and power system, and the use of multi-stage heat exchangers realizes the cascade utilization of energy, greatly improving the energy utilization efficiency;

[0032] (4) Considering the diversity of actual energy consumption load, the system operation method under different energy consumption demands and scenes is pointed out, which meets the actual energy consumption demand while maintaining good thermal economy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating and power Carnot battery energy storage system is provided for the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0035] AsFigure 1 The application provides a cold-heat-power combined supply Carnot cell energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zones and an operation method.

[0036] The heat pump cycle energy storage system comprises a heat pump electric compressor 1, a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a heat pump expansion generator 3, a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 connected in sequence; the working medium first flows through the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 to absorb heat and increase temperature, then enters the heat pump electric compressor 1 to be compressed and heated, then enters the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 in sequence to release heat, then flows through the heat pump expansion generator 3 to expand and generate power, and finally enters the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 again to repeat the process;

[0037] The heat engine cycle power generation system comprises a heat engine expansion generator 10, a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2, a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1, a heat engine compressor 11, a flow regulating valve 12, a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1 connected in sequence; the working medium first enters the heat engine compressor 11 to be compressed, then flows through the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2 and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1 in sequence to absorb heat and increase temperature, then enters the heat engine expansion generator 10 to expand and generate power, then enters the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 to release heat, and finally enters the heat engine compressor 11 again to repeat the process;

[0038] The multi-temperature zone thermal energy storage system includes, in sequence, a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, a hot-side high-temperature thermal energy storage tank 5a, a No. 2 high-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5d, a cold-side high-temperature thermal energy storage tank 5b, and a No. 1 high-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5c; a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, a hot-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage tank 6a, a No. 2 medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 6d, a cold-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage tank 6b, and a No. 1 medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 6c; and a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a hot-side low-temperature thermal energy storage tank 5a, a hot-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5d, a cold-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage tank 5b, and a No. 1 medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5c; and in sequence, a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, a hot-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5a, a hot-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5d, a cold-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage tank 5b, and a cold-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5c; and in sequence, a hot-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump 5c. The heat pump circuit includes a high-temperature heat storage tank 7a, a #2 low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7d, a cold-side low-temperature heat storage tank 7b, and a #1 low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7c. During heat pump circulation, the working fluid sequentially flows through the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 to release heat. The #1 high-temperature heat storage medium pump 5c in the heat storage tank circuit draws the heat storage medium from the cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5b to the hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank 5a. The intermediate-temperature thermal storage medium pump 6c draws the thermal storage medium from the cold-side intermediate-temperature thermal storage tank 6b to the hot-side intermediate-temperature thermal storage tank 6a. The No. 1 low-temperature thermal storage medium pump 7c, installed in the thermal storage tank circuit, draws the thermal storage medium from the cold-side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7b to the hot-side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7a, achieving heat storage in different temperature zones. During the heat engine cycle, the working fluid sequentially flows through the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1 to absorb heat. The No. 2 high-temperature thermal storage medium pump 5d in the circuit draws the thermal storage medium from the hot side high-temperature thermal storage tank 5a to the cold side high-temperature thermal storage tank 5b. The No. 2 medium-temperature thermal storage medium pump (6d) in the thermal storage tank circuit draws the thermal storage medium from the hot side medium-temperature thermal storage tank 6a to the cold side medium-temperature thermal storage tank 6b. The No. 2 low-temperature thermal storage medium pump 7d in the thermal storage tank circuit draws the thermal storage medium from the hot side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7a to the cold side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7b, thereby realizing heat release and utilization.

[0039] The multi-temperature zone cold storage system includes a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1, a hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8a, a #1 cold storage medium pump 8c, a cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8b, and a #2 cold storage medium pump 8d connected in sequence, and a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2, a hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a, a #3 cold storage medium pump 9c, a cold-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9b, and a #4 cold storage medium pump 9d connected in sequence. During heat pump circulation, the working fluid flows sequentially through the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 to absorb heat. The #1 cold storage medium pump 8c in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8a to the cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8b. The cold storage tank 8b, with its circuit equipped with a No. 3 cold storage medium pump 9c, draws the cold storage medium from the hot-side cryogenic cold storage tank 9a to the cold-side cryogenic cold storage tank 9b, achieving cold storage in different temperature zones. During the heat engine cycle, the working fluid flows sequentially through the second-stage cryogenic heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage cryogenic heat exchanger 4-1 to release heat. The cold storage medium pump 8d, with its circuit equipped with a No. 2 cold storage medium pump 8d, draws the cold storage medium from the cold-side cryogenic cold storage tank 8b to the hot-side cryogenic cold storage tank 8a. The cold storage medium pump 9d, with its circuit equipped with a No. 4 cold storage medium pump 9d, draws the cold storage medium from the cold-side cryogenic cold storage tank 9b to the hot-side cryogenic cold storage tank 9a, achieving the release and utilization of cold energy.

[0040] The multi-temperature zone heating system includes two-stage heating: an industrial circuit heating system and a residential heating circuit. In the industrial heating circuit, low-temperature heating steam from the low-temperature steam pipeline 28 is sequentially connected to the steam pump 15, the low-temperature heating steam branch valve 16, and the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17. Then, it is split into two paths via the hot-side steam three-way valve 18: one path returns directly to the medium-temperature steam heating circuit 29, and the other path passes through the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 and connects to the high-temperature steam heating circuit 30. The heat from the hot-side high-temperature storage tank 5a is transferred to the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 via the #2 high-temperature storage medium pump 5d and the high-temperature storage medium three-way valve 13. The storage medium at the outlet of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14 returns to the cold-side high-temperature storage tank 5b, repeating this process. The heat from the medium-temperature thermal storage tank 6a is transferred to the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 via the No. 2 medium-temperature thermal storage medium pump 6d and the medium-temperature thermal storage medium three-way valve 19. The thermal storage medium at the outlet of the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 returns to the cold-side medium-temperature thermal storage tank 6b, and this process is repeated. In the heating circuit, the low-temperature return water from the heating return water pipeline 31 flows through the water pump 22, hot water valve 23, and low-temperature return water on the heating return water branch, and then through the hot water heat exchanger 21, finally returning to the hot water supply pipeline 32. The heat from the hot-side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7a is transferred to the low-temperature return water via the No. 2 low-temperature thermal storage medium pump 7d and the low-temperature thermal storage medium three-way valve 20, and then through the hot water heat exchanger 21. The thermal storage medium at the outlet of the hot water heat exchanger 21 returns to the cold-side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7b, and this process is repeated.

[0041] The multi-temperature zone cooling system includes two-stage cooling: a low-temperature cooling circuit and an ultra-low-temperature cooling circuit. In the low-temperature cooling circuit, the cold storage medium from the cold-side low-temperature storage tank 9b flows sequentially through the No. 4 cold storage medium pump 9d and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27. Part of the cold storage medium enters the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26 for external cooling and finally returns to the hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank 9a, repeating this process. In the ultra-low-temperature cooling circuit, the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium from the cold-side ultra-low-temperature storage tank 8b flows sequentially through the No. 2 cold storage medium pump 8d and the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25. Part of the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium enters the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24 for external cooling and finally returns to the hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank 8a, repeating this process.

[0042] Furthermore, the multi-temperature zone thermal storage system adopts a three-stage arrangement. The hot-side high-temperature thermal storage tank 5a and the cold-side high-temperature thermal storage tank 5b use binary solar salt as the high-temperature thermal storage medium, with an operating temperature range of 300–500℃. The hot-side medium-temperature thermal storage tank 6a and the cold-side medium-temperature thermal storage tank 6b use heat transfer oil as the medium-temperature thermal storage medium, with an operating temperature range of 100–350℃. The hot-side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7a and the cold-side low-temperature thermal storage tank 7b use atmospheric pressure water as the low-temperature thermal storage medium, with an operating temperature range of 20–105℃. In this way, the Carnot battery energy storage system can fully utilize the temperature ranges of different thermal storage media, maximizing the thermal storage temperature and thus improving system efficiency.

[0043] Furthermore, the multi-temperature zone cold storage system adopts a two-stage arrangement. The hot-side cryogenic cold storage tank 9a and the cold-side cryogenic cold storage tank 9b use heptane, an organic compound, as the cryogenic cold storage medium, with an operating temperature range of -20 to 25°C. The hot-side ultra-low temperature cold storage tank 8a and the cold-side ultra-low temperature cold storage tank 8b use propane, an organic compound, as the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium, with an operating temperature range of -60 to -20°C. In this way, the Carnot battery energy storage system can minimize the cold storage temperature, thereby improving system efficiency.

[0044] Furthermore, the working fluid for both the heat pump cycle and the heat engine cycle is argon gas, and the cycle type is Brayton cycle. The operating temperature can reach a maximum of 550℃ and a minimum of -90℃. This ensures temperature matching between the circulating working fluid and the heat storage medium and cold storage medium, reduces irreversible losses, and improves heat exchanger efficiency.

[0045] Furthermore, the heat pump electric compressor 1 is a centrifugal compressor, and the heat pump expander generator 3 is an axial-flow expander. The heat pump electric compressor 1 and the heat pump expander generator 3 are coaxially connected. The working fluid flowing through the heat pump expander generator 3 can recover some work, reducing energy consumption. The heat engine expander generator 10 of the heat engine cycle is an axial-flow expander, and the heat engine compressor 11 is a centrifugal compressor. The heat engine expander generator 10 and the heat engine compressor 11 are coaxially connected, eliminating the need for a separate motor to drive the heat engine compressor 11. This ensures that the heat pump cycle directly obtains net input electrical energy, and the heat engine cycle directly outputs net output electrical energy, reducing frequency interference between different axes.

[0046] Furthermore, the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1, and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 all adopt shell-and-tube heat exchangers; the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14, the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17, the hot water heat exchanger 21, the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24, and the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26 all adopt plate-fin heat exchangers; temperature and pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of all the above heat exchangers to detect and control the temperature and pressure, ensuring that each heat storage medium and cold storage medium operates in its corresponding temperature range. This ensures that the footprint is minimized and maintenance is convenient.

[0047] An operation method for a Carnot battery energy storage system integrating multi-temperature zones with combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP), characterized in that:

[0048] 1) When the user is in a low electricity consumption period, the heat pump cycle energy storage system is started. The electrical energy is input into the heat pump electric compressor 1 to pressurize the working fluid, thereby obtaining a high temperature and high pressure working fluid. Then the working fluid enters the first-stage high temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high temperature heat exchanger 2-2, and the third-stage high temperature heat exchanger 2-3 to release heat in sequence. The heat from multiple stages is stored in the high temperature cold storage tank, the medium temperature cold storage tank, and the low temperature heat storage tank, respectively. Then it flows through the heat pump expansion generator 3 to expand and do work and generate electricity. Finally, the working fluid enters the first-stage low temperature heat exchanger 4-1 and the second-stage low temperature heat exchanger 4-2 to absorb heat, and the cold energy from multiple stages is stored in the ultra-low temperature cold storage tank and the low temperature cold storage tank, respectively, realizing the conversion and storage of electrical energy into heat energy.

[0049] 2) When users are in peak electricity demand, the heat engine cycle power generation system is started. The flow rate of the working fluid is regulated by the flow regulating valve 12. The working fluid first flows through the heat engine compressor 11 and is compressed. Then, it absorbs heat from the low temperature cold storage tank, the medium temperature cold storage tank, and the high temperature heat storage tank in the third-stage high temperature heat exchanger 2-3, the second-stage high temperature heat exchanger 2-2, and the first-stage high temperature heat exchanger 2-1 to obtain a high temperature and high pressure working fluid. Then, the high temperature and high pressure working fluid enters the heat engine expansion generator 10 to expand and do work and generate electricity. Then, the working fluid enters the second-stage low temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low temperature heat exchanger 4-1 to absorb the cold energy of the low temperature cold storage tank and the ultra-low temperature cold storage tank. Finally, it enters the heat engine compressor 11 again to realize the output of electrical energy and meet the user's electricity load demand.

[0050] 3) When users require heating, the multi-temperature zone heating system is activated: When there is an industrial heating demand for high-temperature steam, low-temperature heating steam is introduced from the low-temperature steam pipeline 28. At this time, the low-temperature heating steam branch valve 16 and the steam pump 15 are opened. The low-temperature heating steam flows sequentially through the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17, the hot-side steam three-way valve 18, and the high-temperature steam heat exchanger 14. It is heated to approximately 300-400°C by the medium-temperature and high-temperature heat storage media in the multi-temperature zone heat storage system, and then supplied with high-temperature steam through the high-temperature steam heating circuit 30. When there is an industrial heating demand for medium-temperature steam, In the low-temperature steam and multi-temperature zone thermal storage system, the medium-temperature thermal storage medium exchanges heat in the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger 17 and is heated to about 150-250°C. After passing through the hot-side steam three-way valve 18, it is directly returned to the medium-temperature steam heating circuit 29 to provide medium-temperature steam. When there is a heating demand, the low-temperature return water is introduced through the heating return water pipeline 31. At this time, the water pump 22 and hot water valve 23 on the heating return water branch are opened. The low-temperature return water flows through the hot water heat exchanger 21 and exchanges heat with the low-temperature thermal storage medium of the multi-temperature zone thermal storage system to be heated to about 80-90°C. It is then returned to the heated hot water through the hot water supply pipeline 32.

[0051] 4) When users require cooling, the multi-temperature zone cooling system is activated. There are two common cooling load requirements: one is a freezing load of -30℃ to -5℃, and the other is a refrigeration load of 0 to 20℃. When there is a refrigeration load requirement, the No. 4 cold storage medium pump 9d and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 are opened in the low-temperature cold storage tank circuit. The cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 26, and the refrigerant temperature decreases, thereby meeting the refrigeration load requirement. When there is a refrigeration load requirement, the No. 2 cold storage medium pump 8d and the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 are opened in the ultra-low temperature cold storage tank circuit. The refrigerant exchanges heat with the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium in the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger 24, and releases cooling capacity when it reaches the user side, thereby meeting the refrigeration load requirement.

[0052] Furthermore, 1) When users simultaneously require multiple forms of heating and do not require electrical or cooling loads, the three-way valves 13 (high-temperature heat storage medium), 19 (medium-temperature heat storage medium), and 20 (low-temperature heat storage medium) must be closed simultaneously, allowing the heat to flow into the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 respectively. The multi-temperature zone cooling system should not be activated. The main considerations are industrial heat load and heating heat load. Industrial heat load is a year-round load with minimal variation throughout the year, while heating heat load is a seasonal load, with actual demand only during the heating season and significant variations. During the heating season, the low-temperature steam circuit and the low-temperature heating steam branch on the heating return water branch... With valve 16, hot water valve 23, steam pump 15, and water pump 22 all open, the heating return water exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium, while the heating steam exchanges heat with the medium-temperature and high-temperature heat storage mediums respectively. The heating steam is led out through a loop via the hot-side steam three-way valve 18 to return to the medium-temperature heating steam, which can simultaneously realize the production and flow regulation of heating hot water, medium-temperature steam, and high-temperature steam. During the non-heating season, the low-temperature heating steam branch valve 16 and steam pump 15 on the low-temperature steam branch are open, while the hot water valve 23 and water pump 22 on the heating return water branch are closed, and the No. 2 low-temperature heat storage medium pump 7d is closed. Through the regulation of the hot-side steam three-way valve 18 in the heating steam loop, the production and flow distribution of high-temperature steam and medium-temperature steam can be realized.

[0053] 2) When a user requires multiple forms of cooling simultaneously but does not require electrical or heating loads, the passages for the cryogenic storage medium three-way valve 27 and the ultra-low temperature storage medium three-way valve 25 flowing into the second-stage cryogenic heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage cryogenic heat exchanger 4-1, respectively, should be closed simultaneously, and the multi-temperature zone heating system should not be started. During the high-temperature season, when both cooling and refrigeration loads are required, the passages for the cryogenic storage medium three-way valve 27 and the ultra-low temperature storage medium three-way valve 25 flowing into the cryogenic storage medium heat exchanger 26 and the ultra-low temperature storage medium heat exchanger 24, respectively, should be opened, allowing the cryogenic storage medium to flow into the heating system. The refrigerant circuit exchanges heat, lowering the refrigerant temperature, which is suitable for refrigeration. The cryogenic storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant circuit, which is suitable for freezing. When it is not a high-temperature season, only freezing is required. At this time, the passage of the cryogenic storage medium three-way valve 27 through the cryogenic storage medium heat exchanger 26 is closed, and the passage of the cryogenic storage medium three-way valve 25 through the cryogenic storage medium heat exchanger 24 is opened. The cryogenic storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant circuit, lowering the refrigerant temperature. By adjusting the cryogenic storage medium three-way valve 25, the freezing temperature can also be controlled.

[0054] 3) When users need multiple forms of heating and cooling at the same time, but have no electricity load demand, the passages of the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 13, the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 19, and the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 20 flowing into the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-1, the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-2, and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger 2-3 respectively should be closed. At the same time, the passages of the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27 and the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25 flowing into the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-2 and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger 4-1 respectively should be closed. The remaining schemes 1) and 2) can be combined for operation.

[0055] 4) When users have simultaneous heating, cooling, and power load demands, the system first meets the power load demand by regulating the flow rate of the working fluid through the flow regulating valve 12 to adjust the power generation. At the same time, it regulates the flow distribution of the heat storage and cold storage media in the multi-stage heat storage system and multi-stage cold storage system, including the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 13, the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 19, the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve 20, the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 25, and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve 27, to ensure that the working fluid of the heat engine cycle is within the normal operating temperature range. Secondly, it meets the heat load demand, and finally considers the cooling load demand.

Claims

1. A Carnot battery energy storage system integrating multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating, and power generation, characterized in that, The aforementioned Carnot battery energy storage system, which combines cooling, heating, and power, comprises six subsystems: a heat pump cycle energy storage system, a heat engine cycle power generation system, a multi-temperature zone thermal storage system, a multi-temperature zone cold storage system, a multi-temperature zone heating system, and a multi-temperature zone cooling system; among which, The heat pump cycle energy storage system includes a heat pump electric compressor (1), a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1), a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3), a heat pump expansion generator (3), a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1), and a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) connected in sequence. The working fluid first flows through the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1) and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) to absorb heat and increase its temperature. Then, the working fluid enters the heat pump electric compressor (1) to be compressed and heated. Next, it enters the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1), the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3) in sequence to release heat. Then, it flows through the heat pump expansion generator (3) to expand, do work, and generate electricity. Finally, it enters the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1) and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) again, and repeats this process. The heat engine cycle power generation system includes a heat engine expansion generator (10), a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2), a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1), a heat engine compressor (11), a flow regulating valve (12), a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3), a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1) connected in sequence. The working fluid first enters the heat engine compressor (11) and is compressed. Then, it flows through the flow regulating valve (12) through the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3), the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1) to absorb heat and increase its temperature. Then, it enters the heat engine expansion generator (10) to expand, do work, and generate electricity. Next, it enters the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1) to release heat. Finally, it enters the heat engine compressor (11) again, and this process is repeated. The multi-temperature zone thermal energy storage system includes, in sequence, a first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1), a hot-side high-temperature thermal energy storage tank (5a), a No. 2 high-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump (5d), a cold-side high-temperature thermal energy storage tank (5b), and a No. 1 high-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump (5c); a second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), a hot-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage tank (6a), a No. 2 medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump (6d), a cold-side medium-temperature thermal energy storage tank (6b), and a No. 1 medium-temperature thermal energy storage medium pump (6c); and a third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3). The system includes a hot-side cryogenic heat storage tank (7a), a #2 cryogenic heat storage medium pump (7d), a cold-side cryogenic heat storage tank (7b), and a #1 cryogenic heat storage medium pump (7c). During heat pump circulation, the working fluid sequentially flows through the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1), the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3) to release heat. The #1 high-temperature heat storage medium pump (5c) in the heat storage tank circuit draws the heat storage medium from the cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank (5b) to the hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank (5a). The No. 1 medium-temperature heat storage medium pump (6c) pumps the heat storage medium from the cold-side medium-temperature heat storage tank (6b) to the hot-side medium-temperature heat storage tank (6a). The No. 1 low-temperature heat storage medium pump (7c) in the heat storage tank circuit pumps the heat storage medium from the cold-side low-temperature heat storage tank (7b) to the hot-side low-temperature heat storage tank (7a), realizing heat storage in different temperature zones. During the heat engine cycle, the working fluid flows sequentially through the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3), the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1) to absorb heat. The No. 2 high-temperature thermal storage medium pump (5d) installed in the thermal storage tank circuit draws the thermal storage medium from the hot side high-temperature thermal storage tank (5a) to the cold side high-temperature thermal storage tank (5b). The No. 2 medium-temperature thermal storage medium pump (6d) installed in the thermal storage tank circuit draws the thermal storage medium from the hot side medium-temperature thermal storage tank (6a) to the cold side medium-temperature thermal storage tank (6b). The No. 2 low-temperature thermal storage medium pump (7d) installed in the thermal storage tank circuit draws the thermal storage medium from the hot side low-temperature thermal storage tank (7a) to the cold side low-temperature thermal storage tank (7b), thereby realizing heat release and utilization. The multi-temperature zone cold storage system includes a first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1), a hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank (8a), a No. 1 cold storage medium pump (8c), a cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank (8b), and a No. 2 cold storage medium pump (8d) connected in sequence, and a second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2), a hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank (9a), a No. 3 cold storage medium pump (9c), a cold-side low-temperature cold storage tank (9b), and a No. 4 cold storage medium pump (9d) connected in sequence. During heat pump circulation, the working fluid flows through the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1) and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) to absorb heat. The No. 1 cold storage medium pump (8c) in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the hot-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank (8a) to the cold-side ultra-low-temperature cold storage tank (8b). The cryogenic cold storage tank (8b) is equipped with a No. 3 cold storage medium pump (9c) in the cold storage tank circuit, which pumps the cold storage medium from the hot-side cryogenic cold storage tank (9a) to the cold-side cryogenic cold storage tank (9b) to realize the storage of cold energy in different temperature zones. During the heat engine cycle, the working fluid flows through the second-stage cryogenic heat exchanger (4-2) and the first-stage cryogenic heat exchanger (4-1) in sequence to release heat. The No. 2 cold storage medium pump (8d) in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the cold-side ultra-low temperature cold storage tank (8b) to the hot-side ultra-low temperature cold storage tank (8a). The No. 4 cold storage medium pump (9d) in the cold storage tank circuit pumps the cold storage medium from the cold-side cryogenic cold storage tank (9b) to the hot-side cryogenic cold storage tank (9a) to realize the release and utilization of cold energy. The multi-temperature zone heating system includes two-stage heating, namely an industrial heating circuit and a heating circuit. In the industrial heating circuit, the low-temperature heating steam from the low-temperature steam pipeline (28) is connected to the steam pump (15), the low-temperature heating steam branch valve (16), and the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger (17) in sequence. Then, it is divided into two paths by the hot-side steam three-way valve (18). One path returns directly to the medium-temperature steam heating circuit (29), and the other path passes through the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) and is connected to the high-temperature steam heating circuit (30). The heat from the hot-side high-temperature heat storage tank (5a) is transferred to the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) through the No. 2 high-temperature heat storage medium pump (5d) and the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (13). The heat storage medium at the outlet of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) returns to the cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank (5b), and this process is repeated. The heat from the hot-side medium-temperature heat storage tank (5a) is transferred to the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) through the No. 2 high-temperature heat storage medium pump (5d) and the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (13). The heat storage medium at the outlet of the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14) returns to the cold-side high-temperature heat storage tank (5b), and this process is repeated. The heat from the hot tank (6a) is transferred to the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger (17) via the No. 2 medium-temperature heat storage medium pump (6d) and the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (19). The heat storage medium at the outlet of the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger (17) returns to the cold side medium-temperature heat storage tank (6b), and this process is repeated. In the heating circuit, the low-temperature return water from the heating return water pipeline (31) flows through the water pump (22), hot water valve (23), and low-temperature return water through the hot water heat exchanger (21) on the heating return water branch, and finally returns to the hot water supply pipeline (32). The heat from the hot side low-temperature heat storage tank (7a) is transferred to the low-temperature return water through the No. 2 low-temperature heat storage medium pump (7d) and the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (20), and the heat storage medium at the outlet of the hot water heat exchanger (21) returns to the cold side low-temperature heat storage tank (7b), and this process is repeated. The multi-temperature zone cooling system includes two-stage cooling: a low-temperature cooling circuit and an ultra-low-temperature cooling circuit. In the low-temperature cooling circuit, the cold storage medium from the cold-side low-temperature storage tank (9b) flows sequentially through the No. 4 cold storage medium pump (9d) and the low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (27). Part of the cold storage medium enters the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (26) for external cooling and finally returns to the hot-side low-temperature storage tank (9a), repeating this process. In the ultra-low-temperature cooling circuit, the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium from the cold-side ultra-low-temperature storage tank (8b) flows sequentially through the No. 2 cold storage medium pump (8d) and the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (25). Part of the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium enters the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (24) for external cooling and finally returns to the hot-side ultra-low-temperature storage tank (8a), repeating this process.

2. The Carnot battery energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating, and power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-temperature zone thermal storage system adopts a three-stage arrangement. The hot-side high-temperature thermal storage tank (5a) and the cold-side high-temperature thermal storage tank (5b) use binary solar salt as the high-temperature thermal storage medium, with an operating temperature range of 300~500℃; the hot-side medium-temperature thermal storage tank (6a) and the cold-side medium-temperature thermal storage tank (6b) use heat transfer oil as the medium-temperature thermal storage medium, with an operating temperature range of 100~350℃; and the hot-side low-temperature thermal storage tank (7a) and the cold-side low-temperature thermal storage tank (7b) use atmospheric pressure water as the low-temperature thermal storage medium, with an operating temperature range of 20~105℃.

3. The Carnot battery energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating, and power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-temperature zone cold storage system adopts a two-stage arrangement. The hot-side low-temperature cold storage tank (9a) and the cold-side low-temperature cold storage tank (9b) use heptane, an organic compound, as the low-temperature cold storage medium, with an operating temperature range of -20~25℃. The hot-side ultra-low temperature cold storage tank (8a) and the cold-side ultra-low temperature cold storage tank (8b) use propane, an organic compound, as the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium, with an operating temperature range of -60~-20℃.

4. The Carnot battery energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating, and power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working fluid for the heat pump cycle and the heat engine cycle is argon gas, the cycle type is Brayton cycle, and the operating temperature is as high as 550℃ and as low as -90℃.

5. The Carnot battery energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating, and power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pump electric compressor (1) is a centrifugal compressor, and the heat pump expansion generator (3) is an axial expander. The heat pump electric compressor (1) and the heat pump expansion generator (3) are coaxially connected. The working fluid flows through the heat pump expansion generator (3) to recover part of the work and reduce the power consumption. The heat engine expansion generator (10) of the heat engine cycle is an axial expander, and the heat engine compressor (11) is a centrifugal compressor. The heat engine expansion generator (10) and the heat engine compressor (11) are coaxially connected. The drive of the heat engine compressor (11) no longer requires a separate motor connection.

6. The Carnot battery energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating, and power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1), the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3), the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1), and the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) all adopt shell-and-tube heat exchangers; the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14), the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger (17), the hot water heat exchanger (21), the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (24), and the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (26) all adopt plate-fin heat exchangers; temperature and pressure sensors are installed at the inlet and outlet of the above heat exchangers to detect and control the temperature and pressure, ensuring that each heat storage medium and cold storage medium works in its corresponding temperature range.

7. The operation method of the Carnot battery energy storage system with integrated multi-temperature zone combined cooling, heating and power as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: 1) When the user is in a low electricity consumption period, the heat pump cycle energy storage system is started. The electrical energy is input into the heat pump electric compressor (1) to pressurize the working fluid, thereby obtaining a high temperature and high pressure working fluid. Then the working fluid enters the first-stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-1), the second-stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and the third-stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-3) to release heat in sequence. The heat of multiple stages is stored in the high temperature cold storage tank, the medium temperature cold storage tank, and the low temperature heat storage tank, respectively. Then it flows through the heat pump expansion generator (3) to expand and do work and generate electricity. Finally, the working fluid enters the first-stage low temperature heat exchanger (4-1) and the second-stage low temperature heat exchanger (4-2) to absorb heat. The heat of multiple stages is stored in the ultra-low temperature cold storage tank and the low temperature cold storage tank, respectively, realizing the conversion and storage of electrical energy into heat energy. 2) When the user is in the peak electricity consumption period, the heat engine cycle power generation system is started. The working fluid flow rate is adjusted by the flow regulating valve (12). The working fluid first flows through the heat engine compressor (11) and is compressed. Then, it absorbs the heat from the low temperature heat storage tank, the medium temperature heat storage tank and the high temperature heat storage tank in the third stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-3), the second stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-2) and the first stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-1) to obtain high temperature and high pressure working fluid. Then, the high temperature and high pressure working fluid enters the heat engine expansion generator (10) to expand and do work and generate electricity. Then, the working fluid enters the second stage low temperature heat exchanger (4-2) and the first stage low temperature heat exchanger (4-1) to absorb the cold energy from the low temperature cold storage tank and the ultra-low temperature cold storage tank. Finally, it enters the heat engine compressor (11) again to realize the output of electrical energy and meet the user's electricity load demand. 3) When users need heating, the multi-temperature zone heating system is activated: When there is an industrial heating demand for high-temperature steam, low-temperature heating steam is introduced from the low-temperature steam pipeline (28). At this time, the low-temperature heating steam branch valve (16) and steam pump (15) are opened. The low-temperature heating steam flows sequentially through the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger (17), the hot-side steam three-way valve (18), and the high-temperature steam heat exchanger (14). It is heated to 300-400℃ by the medium-temperature heat storage medium and the high-temperature heat storage medium in the multi-temperature zone heat storage system, and then supplied with high-temperature steam through the high-temperature steam heating circuit (30); when there is an industrial heating demand for medium-temperature steam, In the low-temperature steam and multi-temperature zone heat storage system, the medium-temperature heat storage medium exchanges heat in the medium-temperature steam heat exchanger (17) and is heated to 150~250℃. After passing through the hot-side steam three-way valve (18), it is directly returned to the medium-temperature steam heating circuit (29) to provide medium-temperature steam. When there is a heating demand, the low-temperature return water is introduced through the heating return water pipeline (31). At this time, the water pump (22) and hot water valve (23) on the heating return water branch are opened. The low-temperature return water flows through the hot water heat exchanger (21) and exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium of the multi-temperature zone heat storage system to be heated to 80~90℃. It is then returned to the heated hot water through the hot water supply pipeline (32). 4) When users need cooling, the multi-temperature zone cooling system is started. There are two common cooling load requirements: one is a freezing load of -30℃ to -5℃, and the other is a refrigeration load of 0 to 20℃. When there is a refrigeration load requirement, the No. 4 cold storage medium pump (9d) and the cold storage medium three-way valve (27) are opened in the low temperature cold storage tank circuit. The cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (26), and the refrigerant temperature decreases, thereby meeting the refrigeration load requirement. When there is a freezing load requirement, the No. 2 cold storage medium pump (8d) and the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (25) are opened in the ultra-low temperature cold storage tank circuit. The refrigerant exchanges heat with the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium in the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (24), and releases the cooling load when it reaches the user side, thereby meeting the freezing load requirement.

8. The operation method of a Carnot battery energy storage system integrating multi-temperature zones with combined cooling, heating, and power as described in claim 7, characterized in that: 1) When a user needs multiple forms of heating at the same time and does not require electrical or cooling loads, the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (13), the medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (19), and the low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (20) should be closed simultaneously to allow the flow into the first-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-1), the second-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-2), and the third-stage high-temperature heat exchanger (2-3), respectively, and the multi-temperature zone cooling system should not be started; Considering both industrial heat load and heating heat load, the industrial heat load is a year-round heat load with little variation throughout the year, while the heating heat load is a seasonal heat load with actual demand only during the heating season and significant variation; If it is during the heating season, the low-temperature steam branch valve (16) on the low-temperature steam circuit and the heating return water branch should be closed. Hot water valve (23), steam pump (15), and water pump (22) are all open. The heating return water exchanges heat with the low-temperature heat storage medium, while the heating steam exchanges heat with the medium-temperature heat storage medium and the high-temperature heat storage medium respectively. The heating steam is led out through the hot side steam three-way valve (18) to return the medium-temperature heating steam, and at the same time realizes the production and flow regulation of heating hot water, medium-temperature steam and high-temperature steam. When it is the non-heating season, the low-temperature heating steam branch valve (16) and steam pump (15) on the low-temperature steam branch are open, while the hot water valve (23) and water pump (22) on the heating return water branch are closed, and the No. 2 low-temperature heat storage medium pump (7d) is closed. The production and flow distribution of high-temperature steam and medium-temperature steam are realized through the regulation of the hot side steam three-way valve (18) in the heating steam circuit. 2) When a user requires multiple forms of cooling simultaneously and does not require electrical or heating loads, the three-way valve (27) for low-temperature cold storage medium and the three-way valve (25) for ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium should be closed simultaneously, allowing the cold storage medium to flow into the second-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-2) and the first-stage low-temperature heat exchanger (4-1) respectively. The multi-temperature zone heating system should not be started. During the high-temperature season, when both cooling and refrigeration loads are required, the three-way valve (27) for low-temperature cold storage medium and the three-way valve (25) for ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium should be opened, allowing the cold storage medium to flow into the low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (26) and the ultra-low-temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (24) respectively. The medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant circuit, and the refrigerant temperature decreases for use in refrigeration. The ultra-low temperature cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant circuit for use in freezing. When it is not a high-temperature season, there is only a need for freezing. At this time, the passage of the low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (27) flowing through the low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (26) is closed, and the passage of the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (25) flowing through the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium heat exchanger (24) is opened. The ultra-low temperature cold storage medium exchanges heat with the refrigerant circuit, and the refrigerant temperature decreases. By adjusting the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (25), the freezing temperature can also be controlled. 3) When a user needs multiple forms of heating and cooling at the same time, but has no electricity load requirement, the passages of the high temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (13), the medium temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (19) and the low temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (20) flowing into the first stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-1), the second stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-2) and the third stage high temperature heat exchanger (2-3) respectively should be closed. At the same time, the passages of the low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (27) and the ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (25) flowing into the second stage low temperature heat exchanger (4-2) and the first stage low temperature heat exchanger (4-1) respectively should be closed. 4) When users have both heating and cooling loads, the system first meets the power load demand. It regulates the power generation by adjusting the flow rate of the working fluid through the flow regulating valve (12). At the same time, it adjusts the flow rate of the high-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (13), medium-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (19), low-temperature heat storage medium three-way valve (20), ultra-low temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (25), and low-temperature cold storage medium three-way valve (27) in the multi-temperature zone heat storage system and the multi-temperature zone cold storage system to distribute the flow rate of the heat storage and cold storage medium for heating and power generation, and cooling and power generation, so that the working fluid of the heat engine cycle is in the normal working temperature range. Then, it meets the heat load demand and finally considers the cooling load demand.

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