Radiating element of a patch antenna

Abstract

A radiation unit of a patch antenna, comprising: two horizontal feeding components, the horizontal feeding components being symmetrically arranged with a center of the radiation unit as a symmetric center; two vertical feeding components, the vertical feeding components being symmetrically arranged with a line connecting the two horizontal feeding components as a symmetric axis, and the line connecting the two vertical feeding components passing through the center of the radiation unit; a horizontal power dividing component, respectively electrically connected with the two horizontal feeding components, configured to provide first radio frequency signals with equal amplitudes and opposite phases to the two horizontal feeding components, and the two horizontal feeding components producing horizontal polarization of the first radio frequency signals; and a vertical power dividing component, respectively electrically connected with the two vertical feeding components, configured to provide second radio frequency signals with equal amplitudes and opposite phases to the two vertical feeding components, and the two vertical feeding components producing vertical polarization of the second radio frequency signals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of patch antenna technology, and more particularly to a radiating element of a differentially excited dual-polarized patch antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Antenna radiating elements are now widely used in phased array radar systems, but they still have shortcomings and cannot meet the requirements of high resolution and high image quality of phased array radar systems. For example, among existing antenna types, patch antennas have the drawback of strong coupling, making it difficult to achieve good dual-polarization performance indicators over a wide frequency range. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To at least partially overcome the technical defects of at least one or other inventions mentioned above, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a radiating element of a patch antenna. By setting two sets of horizontal power dividers and using differential feeding to excite two sets of symmetrically arranged feeders, the purpose of low cross polarization and good radio frequency signal transmission effect can be achieved.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a radiating element of a patch antenna is provided, comprising: two horizontal feed components symmetrically arranged about the center of the radiating element; two vertical feed components symmetrically arranged about the line connecting the two horizontal feed components as an axis of symmetry, and the line connecting the two vertical feed components passing through the center of the radiating element; a horizontal power divider electrically connected to each of the two horizontal feed components and configured to provide first radio frequency signals of equal amplitude and opposite phase to the two horizontal feed components, wherein the two horizontal feed components cause the first radio frequency signals to be horizontally polarized; and a vertical power divider electrically connected to each of the two vertical feed components and configured to provide second radio frequency signals of equal amplitude and opposite phase to the two vertical feed components, wherein the two vertical feed components cause the second radio frequency signals to be vertically polarized.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiating unit further includes: a back cavity, including a partition and a first back plate, the partition and the first back plate forming a first receiving space, the horizontal feeding component and the vertical feeding component being disposed in the first receiving space and extending outward, the back cavity being configured to radiate the first radio frequency signal from the horizontal feeding component and / or the second radio frequency signal from the vertical feeding component into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal is matched with the impedance of the free space.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiating unit further includes: a sleeve gap including a second receiving space, the sleeve gap being disposed in the first receiving space and the horizontal feeding component and the vertical feeding component being disposed in the second receiving space and extending outward, the sleeve gap being configured to radiate the first radio frequency signal from the horizontal feeding component and / or the second radio frequency signal from the vertical feeding component into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal is matched with the impedance of the free space.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiating unit further includes: a top patch covering the horizontal feeding component and the vertical feeding component, the top patch being configured to radiate the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal matches the impedance of the free space.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiating unit further includes: a grounding post disposed between the partition and the top patch, configured to support the top patch and provide an impedance zero point.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal power divider and the vertical power divider include: a dielectric material, through which the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal are transmitted to the horizontal feeder and the vertical feeder, wherein the dielectric material has a dielectric constant of 2.2.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal power divider further includes: a horizontal metal sheet disposed on the dielectric material, wherein the first radio frequency signal is transmitted to the horizontal power feeder in the dielectric material based on the shape of the horizontal metal sheet.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the vertical power divider further includes: a vertical metal sheet disposed on the dielectric material, wherein the second radio frequency signal is transmitted to the vertical feed assembly in the dielectric material based on the shape of the vertical metal sheet.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the radiating unit further includes a connector configured to be electrically connected to an external circuit to provide an initial first radio frequency signal to the horizontal power divider and an initial second radio frequency signal to the vertical power divider.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal feed component and the vertical feed component include: a dielectric material, wherein the horizontal feed component transmits the first radio frequency signal to the first accommodating space based on the dielectric material and / or the vertical feed component transmits the second radio frequency signal to the first accommodating space based on the dielectric material.

[0014] According to embodiments of the present invention, by setting a horizontal power divider, a differential feeding method can be adopted, that is, a first radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase is provided to the horizontal power divider, thereby generating horizontal polarization. By setting a vertical power divider, a differential feeding method can be adopted, that is, a second radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase is provided to the vertical power divider, thereby generating vertical polarization. Since the two horizontal power dividers and the two vertical power dividers are symmetrically arranged, the radiation patterns after horizontal and vertical polarization can have high symmetry and maintain polarization consistency, achieving the goal of low cross-polarization and good radio frequency signal transmission performance. By setting horizontal and vertical power dividers, dual polarization of the antenna can be achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a top view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a top view of the horizontal power distribution component and the vertical power distribution component according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a partial enlarged view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the radiating elements of multiple patch antennas arranged in an array according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a top view of the radiating elements of multiple patch antennas arranged in an array according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 This is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the two connection ends of the radiating unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the test results of the reflection coefficient at the two connection ends of the radiating unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a simulation result diagram of the isolation between the two connection ends of the radiation unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the isolation test results of the two connection ends of the radiation unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 12 This is a simulation result of the isolation of the radiating elements of three patch antennas after being arrayed according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 13 The test results of horizontal polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 14 The results of tests on the horizontal polarization distance towards co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention are as follows;

[0029] Figure 15 The results of the test on the vertical polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in the emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

[0030] Figure 16 The results of the test on the vertical polarization distance towards co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in the emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention are as follows;

[0031] Figure 17 The results of horizontal polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization tests of the radiating element in receiving mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 18 The results of horizontal polarization distance tests for co-polarization and cross-polarization in the receiving mode of the radiating element according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention are as follows;

[0033] Figure 19 The results of the test on the vertical polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in the receiving mode according to the illustrative embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] Figure 20 The results of vertical polarization distance tests in the receiving mode of the radiating element according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, in the direction of co-polarization and cross-polarization; and

[0035] Figure 21 This is a summary diagram of the radiation element pattern polarization isolation test results according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0037] 1: Horizontal power supply components;

[0038] 2: Vertical feeder assembly;

[0039] 3: Horizontal power distribution component;

[0040] 31: Horizontal metal sheet;

[0041] 4: Vertical power distribution unit;

[0042] 41: Vertical metal sheet;

[0043] 5: Back cavity;

[0044] 51: partition;

[0045] 52: First back panel;

[0046] 53: First accommodation space;

[0047] 6: Sleeve gap;

[0048] 61: Second containment space;

[0049] 7: Top patch;

[0050] 8: Grounding post;

[0051] 9: Medium material;

[0052] 10: Connector;

[0053] 101: Connection end. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the accompanying drawings, for clarity, the dimensions and relative dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggerated, and the same reference numerals denote the same elements throughout.

[0055] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0056] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms "comprising," "including," etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the above-described features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0057] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0058] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of this invention by those skilled in the art, the following technical terms are explained below.

[0059] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C," the expression should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C, etc.). Similarly, when using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, or C," the expression should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" should include, but is not limited to, systems having A alone, having B alone, having C alone, having A and B, having A and C, having B and C, and / or having A, B, and C, etc.).

[0060] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a top view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a radiating element of a patch antenna, including two horizontal feed components 1, two vertical feed components 2, a horizontal power divider component 3, and a vertical power divider component 4.

[0063] Specifically, the horizontal feed component 1 is symmetrically arranged with the center of the radiating unit as the center of symmetry (in... Figure 2 (Symmetrically arranged left and right). The vertical feed component 2 is symmetrically arranged with the line connecting the two horizontal feed components 1 as the axis of symmetry, and the line connecting the two vertical feed components 2 passes through the center of the radiating unit (in... Figure 2 (Symmetrically arranged vertically). The two horizontal power supply components 1 and the two vertical power supply components 2 can be set at the quarter points of the same circumference.

[0064] The horizontal power divider 3 is electrically connected to two horizontal feed components 1, respectively, and is configured to provide the two horizontal feed components 1 with first radio frequency signals of equal amplitude and opposite phase, thereby causing the first radio frequency signals to be horizontally polarized. For example, as... Figures 1 to 3 The radiation unit is configured as shown, and the horizontal polarization direction can be such that the radio frequency signal oscillates in the plane containing the X-axis. Figure 2 (Swing left and right) and along the Z-axis (e.g.) Figure 1 Propagation is shown in the Z-axis direction, which can be perpendicular to... Figure 1 The directions of the X and Y axes.

[0065] The vertical power divider 4 is electrically connected to each of the two vertical feed components 2, and is configured to provide the two vertical feed components 2 with second radio frequency signals of equal amplitude and opposite phase, respectively. The two vertical feed components 2 cause the second radio frequency signals to be vertically polarized. For example, as... Figures 1 to 3 The radiating element is configured as shown, and its vertical polarization direction can be such that the radio frequency signal oscillates in the plane containing the Y-axis. Figure 2 (Up and down swing) and along the Z-axis (e.g.) Figure 1 Propagation is shown in the Z-axis direction, which can be perpendicular to... Figure 1 The directions of the X and Y axes.

[0066] The horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4 can be power dividers, which can divide the initial radio frequency signal into radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase and transmit them to the two horizontal feeders 1 and the two vertical feeders 2.

[0067] According to embodiments of this disclosure, by setting the horizontal power divider 3, a differential feeding method can be adopted, that is, a first radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase is provided to the horizontal power divider 1, thereby generating horizontal polarization. By setting the vertical power divider 4, a differential feeding method can be adopted, that is, a second radio frequency signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase is provided to the vertical power divider 2, thereby generating vertical polarization. Since the two horizontal power dividers 1 and the two vertical power dividers 2 are symmetrically arranged, the radiation patterns after horizontal and vertical polarization can have high symmetry and maintain polarization consistency, achieving the goal of low cross-polarization and good radio frequency signal transmission performance. By setting the horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4, dual polarization of the antenna can be achieved.

[0068] In some embodiments, the radiating element further includes a back cavity 5. The back cavity 5 includes a partition 51 and a first back plate 52, which form a first receiving space 53. A horizontal feed assembly 1 and a vertical feed assembly 2 are disposed in the first receiving space 53 and extend outwards. The back cavity 5 is configured to radiate a first radio frequency (RF) signal from the horizontal feed assembly 1 and / or a second RF signal from the vertical feed assembly 2 into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal matches the impedance of the free space. Specifically, after the first RF signal is radiated by the horizontal feed assembly 1 and / or the second RF signal is radiated by the vertical feed assembly 2 into the first receiving space 53, it is reflected by the first back plate 52 and the partition 51 into free space. During the reflection process, the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal can be reduced, thereby achieving the effect of impedance matching between the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal and the impedance of the free space. By providing the back cavity 5, the isolation between each radiating element can be enhanced when the radiating elements are arranged in an array to form an antenna.

[0069] In some embodiments, the radiating unit further includes a sleeve gap 6. The sleeve gap 6 includes a second receiving space 61. The sleeve gap 6 is disposed within the first receiving space 53, and the horizontal feed assembly 1 and the vertical feed assembly 2 are disposed within the second receiving space 61 and extend outwards. The sleeve gap 6 is configured to radiate a first radio frequency (RF) signal from the horizontal feed assembly 1 and / or a second RF signal from the vertical feed assembly 2 into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal matches the impedance of the free space. Specifically, after the first RF signal is radiated from the horizontal feed assembly 1 and / or the second RF signal is radiated from the vertical feed assembly 2, it reaches the second receiving space 61. From there, it is reflected by the inner wall of the sleeve gap 6 back to the first receiving space 53, and then reflected again by the first back plate 52 and the partition plate 51 before being radiated into free space. During the reflection process, the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal can be reduced, thereby achieving the effect of impedance matching between the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal and the impedance of the free space. By setting the sleeve gap 6, the bandwidth of the radiating element can be guaranteed, while the height of the radiating element can be compressed to achieve a low profile.

[0070] In some embodiments, the radiating unit further includes a top patch 7. The top patch 7 covers the horizontal feed assembly 1 and the vertical feed assembly 2, and is configured to radiate a first radio frequency (RF) signal and / or a second RF signal into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal matches the impedance of the free space. Specifically, during the radiating of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal from the first receiving space 53 into free space, the top patch 7 can further reflect the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal to further reduce the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal, thereby achieving the effect of impedance matching between the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal and the free space.

[0071] In some embodiments, the radiating unit further includes a grounding post 8. The grounding post 8 is disposed between the partition 51 and the top patch 7 and is configured to support the top patch 7 and provide an impedance zero. The partition 51 is provided with a ground plane, and the top patch 7 is electrically connected to the ground plane of the partition 51 through the grounding post 8, which can provide a stable impedance zero for the radiating surface of the radiating radio frequency signal.

[0072] Figure 4 This is a top view of the horizontal power divider and the vertical power divider according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a partially enlarged view of the radiating element of a patch antenna according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4 include a dielectric material 9. A first radio frequency signal and / or a second radio frequency signal are transmitted to the horizontal feeder 1 and the vertical feeder 2 through the dielectric material 9, wherein the dielectric constant of the dielectric material 9 is 2.2.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the horizontal power divider 3 also includes a horizontal metal sheet 31. The horizontal metal sheet 31 is disposed on the dielectric material 9, and the first radio frequency signal is transmitted to the horizontal feed assembly 1 in the dielectric material 9 based on the shape of the horizontal metal sheet 31.

[0075] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the vertical power divider 4 also includes a vertical metal sheet 41. The vertical metal sheet 41 is disposed on the dielectric material 9, and the second radio frequency signal is transmitted to the vertical feed assembly 2 in the dielectric material 9 based on the shape of the vertical metal sheet 41. The horizontal metal sheet 31 and the vertical metal sheet 41 can be made of metallic materials.

[0076] Specifically, the horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4 also include a ground plane, and the ground plane of the horizontal power divider 3 can be shared with the ground plane of the partition 51. The initial first radio frequency signal propagates in the dielectric material 9 between the ground plane and the horizontal metal sheet 31, and the propagation trajectory is the same as the shape of the horizontal metal sheet 31. For example, the initial first radio frequency signal propagates to... Figure 4 At the two points A shown, the initial first radio frequency signal is split into two first radio frequency signals. Similarly, the initial second radio frequency signal propagates in the dielectric material 9 between the ground plane and the vertical metal sheet 41, and its propagation trajectory is the same as the shape of the vertical metal sheet 41. For example, the initial second radio frequency signal propagates to... Figure 4 The two points B shown represent the division of the initial second radio frequency signal into two second radio frequency signals.

[0077] In some embodiments, the radiating unit further includes a connector 10 configured to be electrically connected to an external circuit to provide an initial first radio frequency signal to the horizontal power divider 3 and an initial second radio frequency signal to the vertical power divider 4. Specifically, the connector 10 may include two connection ends 101, respectively connected to the horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4, such as connecting to... Figure 4 Points C and D are shown in the diagram. Connector 10 transmits at least one of the initial first radio frequency signal and the initial second radio frequency signal to the horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4 through two connection ends 101. Connection posts may be provided in the connection ends 101, which are electrically connected to the horizontal metal plate 31 and the vertical metal plate 41, respectively. The initial first radio frequency signal and the initial second radio frequency signal can be transmitted from the dielectric material 9 in the two connection ends 101 to the dielectric material 9 of the horizontal power divider 3 and the vertical power divider 4, respectively.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the horizontal feed assembly 1 and the vertical feed assembly 2 include a dielectric material 9. The horizontal feed assembly 1 transmits a first radio frequency (RF) signal to a first receiving space 53 based on the dielectric material 9, and / or the vertical feed assembly 2 transmits a second RF signal to the first receiving space 53 based on the dielectric material 9. Specifically, after the first RF signal reaches the horizontal feed assembly 1 and / or the second RF signal reaches the vertical feed assembly 2, it can be transmitted through the dielectric material 9 to the second receiving space 61. In the second receiving space 61, it can be reflected through the sleeve gap 6 to the first receiving space 53. After reaching the first receiving space 53, it can be reflected through the partition 51 and the first back plate 52 to the top patch 7, and then reflected again by the top patch 7 to free space. Through this process of multiple reflections, the impedance of the first and second RF signals can be reduced, so that the impedance of the first and / or second RF signals matches the impedance of the free space, thereby improving the transmission quality of the RF signals.

[0079] It should be noted that the above description is based on the perspective of the radiating unit radiating radio frequency signals into free space. Similarly, the radiating unit can also receive electromagnetic waves from free space. The receiving path of the electromagnetic waves is opposite to the radiation path, and the received electromagnetic waves also have the characteristics of wide bandwidth, wide beam, high isolation, and good matching performance, which will not be elaborated here.

[0080] Figure 6 This is a perspective view of the radiating elements of multiple patch antennas arranged in an array according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a top view of the radiating elements of multiple patch antennas arranged in an array according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, weight reduction treatment can be performed on the top of the radiating unit to remove unnecessary materials, thereby improving the stability of the radiating unit.

[0082] Figure 8 This is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of the two connection ends 101 of the radiation unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the test results of the reflection coefficient of the two connection ends 101 of the radiation unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0083] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the simulation results show that within a bandwidth of 400MHz, the reflection coefficients of both horizontally and vertically polarized connection ends are below 1.5. The measured results also show that within a bandwidth of 400MHz, the reflection coefficients of both horizontally and vertically polarized connection ends are below 1.5. The measured results are consistent with the simulation results. Therefore, the radiating element has a good matching degree.

[0084] Figure 10 This is a simulation result diagram of the isolation between the two connection ends of the radiation unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the isolation test results of the two connection ends 101 of the radiation unit according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] like Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, simulation results indicate that within a 400MHz bandwidth, the polarization isolation between the two connection points 101 for horizontal and vertical polarization is above 40dB. Actual measurements show that within the same 400MHz bandwidth, the polarization isolation between the two connection points 101 for horizontal and vertical polarization is above 38dB. The measured results are quite similar to the simulation results. Therefore, the radiating element possesses high isolation and high polarization purity, achieving good antenna performance. Polarization isolation can be expressed as the ratio of the antenna's main polarization transmit power to its cross-polarization receive power.

[0086] Figure 12 This is a simulation result diagram of the isolation of the radiating elements of three patch antennas after being arrayed according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0087] like Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the four curves represent the isolation between the first connection terminal of the first patch antenna and the second connection terminal of the first patch antenna, the first connection terminal of the second patch antenna, the second connection terminal of the second patch antenna, the first connection terminal of the third patch antenna, and the second connection terminal of the third patch antenna, respectively. The simulation results show that within a bandwidth of 400MHz, the isolation between each radiating element is above 15dB. Therefore, after assembling the radiating elements of multiple patch antennas, the radiating element array has high isolation and high polarization purity, and can achieve good antenna performance.

[0088] Figure 13 The results are from tests of horizontal polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 14 The results are from tests on the horizontal polarization distance towards co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 15 The results are from a test of the vertical polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of a radiating element in emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 16 The results are from tests on the vertical polarization distance towards co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in emission mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 17 The results are test results of horizontal polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in receiving mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 18 The results are test findings of horizontal polarization distance towards co-polarization and cross-polarization in the receiving mode of the radiating element according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 19 The results are from a test of the vertical polarization azimuth co-polarization and cross-polarization of the radiating element in receiving mode according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention. Figure 20 The results are from a test of the vertical polarization distance in the receiving mode of a radiating element according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, in the direction of co-polarization and cross-polarization. Figure 21 This is a summary diagram of the radiation element pattern polarization isolation test results according to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.

[0089] like Figures 13 to 21As shown, the radiation pattern results of the radiating element in transmit and receive modes, with horizontal and vertical polarization, show a minimum polarization isolation of 28.83dB and a maximum polarization isolation of 33.73dB. Therefore, the radiating element has high isolation and high polarization purity in transmit and receive modes, achieving good antenna performance and exhibiting good impedance matching and radiation pattern characteristics within a 400MHz bandwidth.

[0090] It should also be noted that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up," "down," "front," "back," "left," and "right," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same elements are represented by the same or similar reference numerals. Conventional structures or constructions will be omitted where they may cause confusion in understanding the present invention, and the shapes and dimensions of the components in the drawings do not reflect actual size and proportion, but are only schematic representations of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0091] Unless otherwise stated, the numerical parameters in this specification and the appended claims are approximate values ​​and can be varied according to the desired characteristics obtained from the content of this invention. Specifically, all figures used in the specification and claims to indicate the content of components, reaction conditions, etc., should be understood to be modified by the term "about" in all cases. Generally, this means that there may be variations of ±10% in some embodiments, ±5% in some embodiments, ±1% in some embodiments, and ±0.5% in some embodiments.

[0092] The use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify the corresponding elements does not imply that the element has any ordinal number, nor does it represent the order of one element with another element, or the order of manufacturing methods. The use of these ordinal numbers is only to enable a named element to be clearly distinguished from another element with the same name.

[0093] Furthermore, unless specifically described or required to occur in a specific order, the order of the above steps is not limited to those listed above and can be varied or rearranged according to the desired design. Moreover, the above embodiments can be used in combination with each other or with other embodiments based on design and reliability considerations; that is, technical features from different embodiments can be freely combined to form more embodiments.

[0094] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A radiating element of a patch antenna, comprising: Two horizontal feeding components are arranged symmetrically with the center of the radiating unit as the center of symmetry; Two vertical feed components are arranged symmetrically about the line connecting the two horizontal feed components, and the line connecting the two vertical feed components passes through the center of the radiating unit. A horizontal power divider is electrically connected to two horizontal feed components, and is configured to provide first radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase to the two horizontal feed components, wherein the two horizontal feed components cause the first radio frequency signals to be horizontally polarized. as well as A vertical power divider is electrically connected to two vertical feed components and is configured to provide second radio frequency signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase to the two vertical feed components, wherein the two vertical feed components cause the second radio frequency signals to be vertically polarized. The radiating element of the patch antenna further includes: The back cavity includes a partition and a first back plate, the partition and the first back plate forming a first receiving space, the horizontal feed assembly and the vertical feed assembly are disposed in the first receiving space and extend outward, the back cavity is configured to radiate the first radio frequency signal from the horizontal feed assembly and / or the second radio frequency signal from the vertical feed assembly into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal is matched with the impedance of the free space; The radiating element of the patch antenna further includes: The sleeve gap includes a second receiving space, the sleeve gap being disposed in the first receiving space and the horizontal feed assembly and the vertical feed assembly being disposed in the second receiving space and extending outward, the sleeve gap being configured to radiate the first radio frequency signal from the horizontal feed assembly and / or the second radio frequency signal from the vertical feed assembly into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal is matched with the impedance of the free space.

2. The radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A top patch covers the horizontal feed assembly and the vertical feed assembly. The top patch is configured to radiate the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal into free space after reflection, so that the impedance of the first RF signal and / or the second RF signal matches the impedance of the free space.

3. The radiating unit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: A grounding post, disposed between the partition and the top patch, is configured to support the top patch and provide an impedance zero point.

4. The radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal power divider and the vertical power divider each include a dielectric material, through which the first radio frequency signal and / or the second radio frequency signal are transmitted to the horizontal power feeder and the vertical power feeder, wherein the dielectric material has a dielectric constant of 2.

2.

5. The radiating unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The horizontal power divider further includes a horizontal metal sheet disposed on the dielectric material, wherein the first radio frequency signal is transmitted to the horizontal power feeder in the dielectric material based on the shape of the horizontal metal sheet.

6. The radiating element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vertical power divider also includes a vertical metal sheet disposed on the dielectric material, wherein the second radio frequency signal is transmitted to the vertical feed assembly in the dielectric material based on the shape of the vertical metal sheet.

7. The radiating unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes connectors configured to be electrically connected to external circuitry to provide an initial first radio frequency signal to the horizontal power divider and an initial second radio frequency signal to the vertical power divider.

8. The radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal feed assembly and the vertical feed assembly each include a dielectric material, wherein the horizontal feed assembly transmits the first radio frequency signal to the first accommodating space based on the dielectric material and / or the vertical feed assembly transmits the second radio frequency signal to the first accommodating space based on the dielectric material.

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