Apparatus and method for controlling shaping and improving properties in electric arc additive manufacturing

Abstract

The application discloses a device and method for controlling forming and improving performance in electric arc additive manufacturing, comprising an additive manufacturing device, a connecting device, a double-sided laser heating device, a laser emitter, a structured light camera and a feedback adjusting device. The double-sided laser heating device is located in front of the welding torch and moves synchronously with the welding torch during the electric arc additive process. The double-sided laser heating device is used to preset a temperature gradient before the electric arc additive manufacturing, changes the solidification mode of the deposited layer and the wetting angle of the deposited layer, and realizes the control of the shape of the formed part. The surface profile information extracted from the structured light camera is transmitted to the feedback adjusting device, and the information obtained by comparing the surface profile of the pre-deposited surface is used as a control signal to control the emission power of the two-sided laser emitter, so that the purpose of improving the defects of insufficient material wetting, poor layer-to-layer combination and surface forming defects caused by insufficient edge heat input, temperature inconsistency on both sides of the welding torch center line or wire feeding eccentricity during the additive manufacturing is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to an apparatus and method for improving the microstructure and size of a deposited layer during arc additive manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology, also known as 3D printing or rapid prototyping, is a novel manufacturing technology based on the principle of layer-by-layer manufacturing. It uses a method of depositing materials layer by layer to directly manufacture physical parts from digital models. Its forming process is not constrained by traditional design principles, has high material utilization, and can achieve rapid prototyping of complex-shaped parts. Additive manufacturing technology can be categorized according to the heat source, such as laser additive manufacturing, electron beam additive manufacturing, and arc additive manufacturing. Among these, arc additive manufacturing has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages such as high deposition rate, simple equipment, and low cost. However, it also has drawbacks, including localized high heat input during the additive manufacturing process, leading to coarse deposited layer structures; a large temperature difference between the substrate and the surface temperature of the already deposited layer and the next layer to be deposited during additive manufacturing, which can easily cause defects in the formed part and affect processing parameters; and increased heat accumulation during additive manufacturing, resulting in deposited layer collapse and low forming accuracy.

[0003] Specifically, insufficient heat input at the edges of the deposited layer during additive manufacturing leads to defects such as undercut; simultaneously, uneven heat input distribution results in insufficient molten pool fluidity, causing defects such as surface depressions in the additive manufacturing process; and in the process of multi-layer deposition in additive manufacturing, problems such as poor fusion between layers and collapse of the deposited layer after multi-layer deposition exist. Most existing studies improve the microstructure and properties of the deposited layer to some extent by preheating the entire deposited layer, rapidly cooling it after additive manufacturing, or a combination of both, but have little effect on the morphology of the deposited layer. To address this, this invention proposes a device and method for controlling the forming and improving the microstructure and properties of the deposited layer by locally pre-setting a temperature gradient during the additive manufacturing process. In the arc additive manufacturing process, a dual-sided laser heating device is located in front of the welding torch and moves synchronously with the torch. Before arc additive manufacturing, a pre-set temperature gradient using the dual-sided laser heating device changes the solidification mode and wetting angle of the deposited layer, thereby achieving control over the shape of the formed part. Simultaneously, during the additive manufacturing process, the surface contour information extracted by the structured light camera is transmitted to the feedback adjustment device and compared with the pre-deposited surface morphology. The obtained information is used as a control signal to control the emission power of the laser emitters on both sides. This aims to improve the defects caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing, such as insufficient material wetting, poor bonding between layers, and surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperatures on both sides of the welding torch centerline or wire feeding eccentricity. This solves the surface defect problems that occur during the additive manufacturing process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an apparatus and method for improving the microstructure of the deposited layer and controlling its formation during arc additive manufacturing by pre-setting a temperature gradient, thus meeting the needs of arc additive manufacturing under different requirements.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0006] A device for controlling forming and improving microstructure properties during arc additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising: additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device, dual-sided laser heating devices, a laser emitter, a structured light camera, and a feedback adjustment device; the additive manufacturing equipment includes a welding torch, a welding power source, a gas cylinder, and a wire feeding device; during arc additive manufacturing, the dual-sided laser heating devices are connected by the connecting device, located at a certain distance in front of the welding torch, and move simultaneously with the welding torch. The positions of the dual-sided laser heating devices, the welding torch, and the heating area are adjusted by adjusting the connecting device; the heat source during additive manufacturing is provided by the welding power source connected to the welding torch and the laser heating devices; the wire feeding device is connected to the connecting device on the welding torch via a wire feeding device connecting plate, enabling the welding torch and the wire feeding device to move synchronously. The structured light camera is mounted on the rear side of the welding torch and, with appropriate filters, detects the surface contour morphology of the deposited layer.

[0007] The dual laser heating devices are located in front of the welding torch. Before the additive manufacturing process, they heat the edges of the area to be deposited, creating a pre-set temperature gradient with higher temperatures at the edges and lower temperatures in the middle. By adjusting the laser emission power, the temperature of the heated area increases with the laser heating devices, thus increasing the pre-set temperature gradient. This reduces the temperature gradient perpendicular to the welding torch's movement during solidification, altering the solidification pattern and encouraging simultaneous solidification. Simultaneously, the higher temperature at the edges increases the droplet wetting angle, facilitating droplet movement and increasing the width of the deposited layer. The pre-set temperature field provides sufficient heat input to the edges, enhancing droplet wetting properties and promoting bonding with the deposited areas. Furthermore, the dual laser heating devices preheat the substrate during the first layer deposition, improving the microstructure of the deposited layer.

[0008] The connecting device includes a connecting block, an M10 long screw, and a YOZ plane adjustment device. The connecting block is fixed to the welding torch and serves as a reference structural component for adjusting the relative positions of the heating devices on both sides and the welding torch. The welding torch, connecting block, M10 long screw, YOZ plane adjustment device, and laser heating devices on both sides are connected sequentially by bolts. By adjusting the connecting device, the front-to-back positions of the laser heating devices on both sides and the welding torch, as well as the position of the area to be heated in the additive manufacturing area, are adjusted to place the laser heating devices in a suitable position.

[0009] The structured light camera is mounted on the back of the welding torch and, together with a filter, detects the surface contour and morphology information of the deposited layer. Based on the surface contour and morphology information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera, the laser power of the laser emitters on both sides is adjusted in real time, and the temperature gradient preset by the laser heating devices on both sides is controlled to improve the unevenness defects of the interlayer and side morphology during the additive manufacturing process, thereby obtaining a deposited layer with a smooth surface and good shape.

[0010] The feedback adjustment device is connected to the structured light camera and the laser emitters on both sides. The surface contour information extracted by the structured light camera is transmitted to the feedback adjustment device for comparison with the pre-deposited surface morphology. The information obtained from the comparison is used as a control signal to control the emission power of the laser emitters on both sides. This aims to improve defects such as insufficient material wetting and poor layer-to-layer bonding caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing, as well as surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperatures on both sides of the welding torch centerline or wire feed eccentricity.

[0011] The laser emits a line laser, and the temperature range adjustable by the laser heating devices on both sides is 50-1200℃.

[0012] The welding wire types include stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy, and nickel alloy.

[0013] When the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 5-80 W / (m·K), the laser power is 200-400 W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 80-300 W / (m·K), the laser power is 400-1000 W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 300-500 W / (m·K), the laser power is 600-1200 W.

[0014] An apparatus and method for improving the microstructure and dimensions of a deposited layer during arc additive manufacturing, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Adjust the connecting device so that the laser heating devices on both sides are 1mm inside the edge of the desired deposition layer. After adjustment, tighten the connecting device to ensure that the laser heating devices on both sides and the welding torch can maintain a synchronous relative movement.

[0016] Step 2: Start the laser heating devices on both sides and then start the additive manufacturing device. The laser heating devices on both sides are positioned opposite each other in front of the welding gun to pre-set the temperature field of the substrate. The welding torch, connecting device, laser heating devices on both sides, and welding power source work together to perform additive manufacturing, obtaining a well-formed deposited layer. The surface contour information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera is compared with the preset surface morphology of the deposited layer in the feedback adjustment device. If it is found that the deposited layer on both sides of the welding torch centerline is asymmetrical, with one side having more and the other less, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power on the side with less deposited layer and decrease the laser power on the side with more deposited layer to the laser emitters on both sides, adjusting the laser power of the laser emitters in real time to improve surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperatures on both sides of the welding torch centerline or wire feed eccentricity during additive manufacturing. If it is found that the wetting angle on both sides of the deposited layer is smaller than the pre-deposited wetting angle, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power on both sides to the laser emitters, and vice versa, outputting a signal to decrease the laser power on both sides to the laser emitters, adjusting the laser power of the laser emitters in real time to improve defects such as insufficient material wetting and poor layer-to-layer bonding caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing.

[0017] Step 3: Return to the initial position and raise the welding torch to a certain height.

[0018] Step 4: Repeat the operations of Step 2 and Step 3, continuously depositing the required components.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0020] (1) Compared with existing inventions, this invention changes the solidification mode and wetting angle of the deposition layer by pre-setting a local temperature gradient before additive manufacturing, which is conducive to the deposition layer spreading to both sides, increasing the deposition width of the deposition layer, making the deposition layer surface flat, and facilitating the subsequent deposition of the deposition layer.

[0021] (2) Compared with existing inventions, this invention supplements the problem of insufficient heat input at the edges of the deposition layer by setting a local temperature gradient, increases the fluidity of the molten pool and the wettability with the deposited part, eliminates the edge bite defect of the deposition layer, and improves the bonding performance between the deposition layers.

[0022] (3) Compared with existing inventions, this invention improves energy utilization by pre-setting a local temperature gradient, and at the same time, it achieves precise control of the temperature field by using the precise position of the line laser heat source.

[0023] (4) Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses the surface contour information of the deposition layer detected by the structured light camera to adjust the laser power of the laser emitters on both sides in real time by using a feedback adjustment device, and controls the temperature gradient preset by the laser heating devices on both sides, thereby improving the unevenness of the interlayer and side morphology in the additive manufacturing process and obtaining a deposition layer with a smooth surface and good shape. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for improving the microstructure and dimensions of a deposited layer during arc additive manufacturing, which uses a coaxial wire feeding method.

[0025] Figure 2 The connecting device comprises a connecting block, an M10 long screw, and a YOZ plane adjusting device, which are sequentially connected by bolts. The connecting block is connected to the welding torch, enabling synchronous movement of the welding torch and the laser heating devices on both sides. The YOZ plane adjusting device is connected to the laser heating devices on both sides, allowing adjustment of the heating width on both sides of the laser. The M10 long screw is connected to the connecting block, enabling position adjustment of the welding torch and the laser connecting devices on both sides in the X-axis movement direction.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Welding torch; 2. Feedback adjustment device; 3. Wire feeding device; 4. Laser heating devices on both sides; 5. Connecting devices: 5-1. Connecting block; 5-2. M10 long screw; 5-3. YOZ adjustment device; 6. Structured light camera; 7. Gas cylinder; 8. Welding power source; 9. Laser emitter; 10. Substrate.

[0027] Figure 3 This represents the preset morphology of the sedimentary layer.

[0028] Figure 4 The graph shows the droplet state and temperature field distribution curves before and after the predicted preset temperature field. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To further understand the content, features, and effects of this invention, the following embodiments are provided, and detailed descriptions are given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0030] The basic idea of ​​this invention is as follows: First, before additive manufacturing, a temperature field with high temperatures on both sides and low temperatures in the middle is pre-set in the area to be deposited using a dual-sided laser heating device. This changes the solidification mode and wetting angle of the deposited layer, which is conducive to the spread of the deposited layer to both sides, increasing the deposition width and making the surface of the deposited layer smooth, which is beneficial to the subsequent deposition of layers. Second, the surface contour morphology information extracted from the structured light camera is transmitted to the feedback adjustment device and compared with the pre-deposited surface morphology as a control signal to control the emission power of the laser emitters on both sides. This achieves the purpose of improving defects such as insufficient material wetting and poor layer-to-layer bonding caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing, as well as surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperatures on both sides of the welding torch centerline or wire feed eccentricity, thus realizing closed-loop control of the deposition layer forming.

[0031] like Figure 1-2 As shown, a device for controlling forming and improving microstructure properties during electric arc additive manufacturing is characterized by comprising additive manufacturing equipment, a connecting device 5, a double-sided laser heating device 4, a laser emitter 9, a structured light camera 6, and a feedback adjustment device 2; the additive manufacturing equipment includes a welding torch 1, a welding power source 8, a gas cylinder 7, and a wire feeding device 3.

[0032] In the arc additive manufacturing process, a structured light camera 6 is installed on the side of the welding torch 1. The structured light camera 6 and the dual-sided laser heating devices 4 are connected as a whole by a connecting device 5. This whole is located at a certain distance in front of the welding torch 1 and moves simultaneously with the welding torch 1. By adjusting the connecting device 5, the positions of the dual-sided laser heating devices 4, the welding torch 1, and the heating area can be adjusted.

[0033] In the process of electric arc additive manufacturing, the heat source of the dual-sided laser heating device 4 is provided by the welding power source 8 connected to the welding torch 1 and the laser emitter 9 connected to the dual-sided laser heating device 4; the wire feeding device 3 is connected to the welding torch 1 through the wire feeding device connecting plate, so that the welding torch 1 and the wire feeding device 3 move synchronously.

[0034] The welding torch 1 is also connected to the gas cylinder 7; the feedback adjustment device 2 is connected to the structured light camera 6 and the laser emitters 9 on both sides.

[0035] The connecting device 5 includes a connecting block 5-1, an M10 long screw 5-2, and a YOZ plane adjustment device 5-3; the connecting block 5-1 is fixed on the welding torch 1 and serves as a reference structural component for adjusting the relative position of the laser heating devices 4 on both sides with the welding torch 1; the welding torch 1, the connecting block 5-1, the M10 long screw 5-2, the YOZ plane adjustment device 5-3, and the laser heating devices 4 on both sides are connected in sequence by bolts.

[0036] like Figure 3As shown, the position of the laser heating devices 4 on both sides of the welding torch 1 is adjusted by adjusting the connecting device 5, and the laser irradiation position is located at the edge of the area to be additively deposited. Before additive deposition, the edge of the area to be additively deposited is heated to create a preset temperature gradient with high temperature on both sides and low temperature in the middle. This changes the solidification mode and wetting angle of the deposited layer, increasing the width of the deposited layer and making the surface smooth, thus controlling the forming of the part. At the same time, the laser heating on both sides also preheats the substrate as a whole, improving the microstructure and properties of the deposited layer.

[0037] The laser emitted by laser emitter 9 is a line laser. As the laser power emitted by laser emitter 9 increases, the temperature of the heated area by the laser heating devices 4 on both sides also increases. Based on the relationship between laser power, travel speed, and temperature, as well as the additive material used, the laser power is selected before additive manufacturing to heat the edge of the area to be deposited, forming a pre-set temperature gradient that is low in the middle and high at both sides.

[0038] The structured light camera 6 is mounted on the back of the welding torch 1 and works with a filter to detect the surface contour morphology information of the deposited layer. Based on the surface contour morphology information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera 6, the laser power of the laser emitters 9 on both sides is adjusted in real time, and the temperature gradient preset by the laser heating devices on both sides is controlled to improve the unevenness defects of the interlayer and side morphology during the additive manufacturing process, so as to obtain a deposited layer with a smooth surface and good shape.

[0039] The surface contour information extracted by the structured light camera 6 is transmitted to the feedback adjustment device 2 and compared with the pre-deposited surface morphology. The information obtained from the comparison is used as a control signal to control the emission power of the laser emitter 9. This achieves the purpose of improving the defects caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing, such as insufficient material wetting, poor layer-to-layer bonding, and surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperatures on both sides of the welding torch centerline or wire feeding eccentricity.

[0040] When the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 5-80 W / (m·K), the laser power is 200-400 W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 80-300 W / (m·K), the laser power is 400-1000 W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 300-500 W / (m·K), the laser power is 600-1200 W.

[0041] The temperature range that can be adjusted by the laser heating devices 4 on both sides is 50-1200℃.

[0042] The welding wire of the welding torch 1 is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy, or nickel alloy.

[0043] The implementation method of this device includes the following steps.

[0044] Step 1: Adjust the connecting device 5 so that the line lasers of the laser heating devices 4 on both sides are 1mm inside the edge of the desired deposition layer. After the adjustment is completed, tighten the connecting device so that the laser heating devices 4 on both sides and the welding torch 1 can maintain synchronous relative movement.

[0045] Step Two: After activating the two laser heating devices 4 on both sides, the additive manufacturing device is activated. The two laser heating devices 4 are positioned opposite each other in front of the welding torch 1 to pre-set the temperature field of the substrate. The welding torch 1, connecting device 5, two laser heating devices 4 on both sides, and welding power source 8 work together to perform additive manufacturing and obtain a shaped deposited layer. The surface contour morphology information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera is compared with the preset surface morphology of the deposited layer in the feedback adjustment device.

[0046] If it is found that the deposition layer on both sides of the welding torch centerline is asymmetrical, with one side having more and the other side having less, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power on the side with less deposition layer and decrease the laser power on the side with more deposition layer to the laser emitters on both sides, thereby adjusting the laser power of the laser emitters on both sides in real time and improving the surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperature on both sides of the welding torch centerline or wire feeding eccentricity during additive manufacturing.

[0047] If the wetting angle on both sides of the deposited layer is found to be smaller than the pre-deposited wetting angle, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power on both sides to the laser emitter; otherwise, it outputs a signal to decrease the laser power on both sides to the laser emitter. The laser power of the laser emitters on both sides is adjusted in real time to improve the defects of insufficient material wetting and poor bonding between layers caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing.

[0048] Step 3: Return to the initial position and raise the welding torch to a certain height.

[0049] Step 4: Repeat the operations of Step 2 and Step 3, continuously depositing the required components.

[0050] Example 1:

[0051] Taking the fabrication of a thin-walled aluminum alloy part with a deposition layer width of 4mm using MIG additive manufacturing as an example, the additive manufacturing equipment is as follows: Figure 1 The connection shown uses a coaxial wire feeding method. The welding power source for arc additive manufacturing is a Miller welding machine. A three-dimensional motion mechanism is used to move the MIG welding torch. The laser emitted by the laser is a line laser. The specific steps are as follows:

[0052] Step 1: Sand the surface of the 5A06 aluminum alloy substrate with sandpaper to remove the oxide film. Place the substrate on the worktable surface and adjust the relative position of the MIG welding gun and the additive substrate using the three-dimensional motion mechanism controller so that it is 6mm above the substrate.

[0053] Step 2: First, adjust the M10 long screw so that the laser heating devices on both sides are 10mm away from the MIG welding torch in the X direction. Then, adjust the YOZ plane positioning device so that the laser heating devices on both sides are symmetrical about the center of the MIG welding torch and that the laser line of the laser heating devices on both sides is 1.5mm away from the center line of the MIG welding torch in the Y direction. After the positioning is completed, tighten the connection device.

[0054] Step 3: Place the ER4043 aluminum alloy wire into the wire feeder, turn on the wire feeder power and set the wire feeding speed to 3m / min, and the shielding gas flow rate to 15L / min. First, turn on the laser and adjust the laser emission power to 600W. Then, turn on the Miller welding machine, select AC power, and set the welding current to 130A. Start the wire feeder and MIG power supply, and run the pre-edited program to begin MIG additive manufacturing.

[0055] Step 4: Based on the surface contour information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera, compare it with the preset surface morphology of the deposited layer in the feedback adjustment device: If it is found that the deposited layer on both sides of the welding torch centerline is asymmetrical, with one side having more and the other side having less, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power on the side with less deposited layer and decrease the laser power on the side with more deposited layer to the laser emitters on both sides, adjusting the laser power of the laser emitters on both sides in real time; If it is found that the wetting angle on both sides of the deposited layer is less than the pre-deposited wetting angle, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power on both sides to the laser emitters, and vice versa, it outputs a signal to decrease the laser power on both sides to the laser emitters, adjusting the laser power of the laser emitters on both sides in real time.

[0056] Step 5: As described above, perform unidirectional cladding deposition to obtain a thin-walled part with a deposition layer width of 4 mm.

[0057] like Figure 4 The figure shows the droplet state and temperature field distribution curves before and after the predicted preset temperature field.

Claims

1. An apparatus for controlling shaping and improving properties in electric arc additive manufacturing, characterized by: The application relates to an arc additive manufacturing device, which comprises a welding torch (1), a welding power source (8), a gas cylinder (7), a wire feeding device (3), a connecting device (5), two laser heating devices (4) on the two sides, a laser emitter (9) and a structured light camera (6). In the arc additive manufacturing process, the structured light camera (6) is arranged on the side of the welding torch (1), the structured light camera (6) and the two laser heating devices (4) are connected into a whole through the connecting device (5), the whole is located at a certain distance in front of the welding torch (1) and moves simultaneously with the welding torch (1); the two laser heating devices (4) and the welding torch (1) and the heating area position can be adjusted by adjusting the connecting device (5). In the arc additive manufacturing process, the heat source of the fused filament additive is provided by the welding power source (8) connected with the welding torch (1) and the laser emitter (9) connected with the two laser heating devices (4); the wire feeding device (3) is connected with the welding torch (1) through a wire feeding device connecting plate, so that the welding torch (1) and the wire feeding device (3) move synchronously. The welding torch (1) is also connected with the gas cylinder (7); the feedback adjusting device (2) is connected with the structured light camera (6) and the two laser emitters (9). The connecting device (5) comprises a connecting block (5-1), an M10 long screw rod (5-2) and a YOZ plane position adjusting device (5-3); the connecting block (5-1) is fixed on the welding torch (1) and serves as a reference structural part for adjusting the relative position of the two laser heating devices (4) and the welding torch (1); the welding torch (1), the connecting block (5-1), the M10 long screw rod (5-2), the YOZ plane position adjusting device (5-3) and the two laser heating devices (4) are sequentially connected through bolts. The position of the two laser heating devices (4) on the welding torch (1) and the laser irradiation position on the edge of the additive deposition area are adjusted through the connecting device (5); before the additive deposition, the edge of the additive deposition area is heated, so that a preset temperature gradient with high temperature in the middle and low temperature at both sides exists at the edge of the additive deposition area, the solidification mode of the deposition layer and the wetting angle of the deposition layer are changed, the width of the deposition layer is increased, the surface is smooth, the control of the forming of the formed piece is realized, meanwhile, the two-side laser heating also preheats the whole substrate and improves the organizational performance of the deposition layer; The laser emitted by the laser emitter (9) is linear laser; with the increase of the laser power emitted by the laser emitter (9), the temperature of the heating area of the two laser heating devices (4) is also increased; according to the relationship among the laser power, the walking speed and the temperature and the additive material used, the laser power is selected before the additive manufacturing, the edge of the deposition area is heated, and a preset temperature gradient with low middle and high both sides is formed. The structured light camera (6) is clamped on the rear side of the welding torch (1) and cooperates with the filter to detect the surface profile information of the deposited layer. According to the surface profile information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera (6), the laser power of the two-sided laser emitter (9) is adjusted in real time, and the preset temperature gradient of the two-sided laser heating device is controlled, so that the uneven defects of the interlayer and the side profile in the additive manufacturing process are improved, and the deposited layer with a smooth surface and good forming is obtained. The surface profile information extracted from the structured light camera (6) is transmitted to the feedback adjustment device (2) and compared with the pre-deposited surface profile. The comparison information is used as a control signal to control the emission power of the laser emitter (9), so as to improve the defects of insufficient material wetting and poor layer-to-layer bonding caused by insufficient edge heat input during additive manufacturing, and the surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperature on both sides of the welding torch center line or wire feeding eccentricity.

2. The apparatus for controlling the formation and improving the performance in electric arc additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein: When the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 5-80 W / (m·K), the power of the laser is 200-400 W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 80-300 W / (m·K), the power of the laser is 400-1000 W; when the thermal conductivity of the additive material is 300-500 W / (m·K), the power of the laser is 600-1200 W.

3. The apparatus for controlling the formation and improving the performance in electric arc additive manufacturing as claimed in claim 1 wherein: The temperature range that can be adjusted by the two-sided laser heating device (4) is 50-1200℃.

4. The apparatus for controlling the formation and improving the performance in electric arc additive manufacturing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The welding wire of the welding torch (1) is stainless steel, aluminum alloy, carbon steel, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, copper alloy or nickel alloy.

5. A device for controlling the formation and improving the properties in electric arc additive manufacturing according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The implementation method of the device includes the following steps, Step one: adjust the connecting device (5) to make the line laser of the two-sided laser heating device (4) at the position 1mm inside the required deposited layer edge. After the adjustment is completed, tighten the connecting device to make the two-sided laser heating device (4) and the welding torch (1) keep synchronous relative motion; Step two: start the two-sided laser heating device (4) and then start the additive device. The two-sided laser heating device (4) is opposite to the welding torch (1), and the temperature field is preset for the substrate. The welding torch (1), the connecting device (5), the two-sided laser heating device (4) and the welding power source (8) cooperate to move for additive manufacturing to obtain a formed deposited layer. According to the surface profile information of the deposited layer detected by the structured light camera, the surface profile of the deposited layer preset in the feedback adjustment device is compared: If it is found that the deposited layers on both sides of the welding torch center line are asymmetric, one side has more and the other side has less, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to the two-sided laser emitter to increase the laser power of the side with less deposited layer and reduce the laser power of the side with more deposited layer, so as to adjust the laser power of the two-sided laser emitter in real time and improve the surface forming defects caused by inconsistent temperature on both sides of the welding torch center line or wire feeding eccentricity during additive manufacturing. If the wetting angles of the two sides of the deposited layer are found to be less than the pre-deposited wetting angles, the feedback adjustment device outputs a signal to increase the laser power of the two sides to the laser emitter, and vice versa, so as to adjust the laser power of the two sides in real time, and improve the defects of insufficient material wetting and poor layer-to-layer bonding caused by insufficient edge heat input during the additive manufacturing. Step three: return to the initial position and lift the welding gun to a certain height; Step four: repeat the operations of steps two and three to continuously deposit the required component.

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