Nut removal device and method for fastener bolt maintenance

Abstract

The present invention provides a nut removal device and method for fastener bolt maintenance, which belongs to the field of railway engineering technology and includes: a slide rail device, fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fixing device; a connecting device, mounted on the slide rail device and driven to rise and fall by the slide rail device; a disassembly power unit, fixedly mounted on one side of the connecting device; a disassembly shaft, connected to the output shaft of the disassembly power unit through a gear reducer; a nut sleeve, the lower end of which cooperates with the nut; a compression spring, sleeved on the disassembly shaft, with the upper end of the nut sleeve fixedly connected at one end and the other end fixedly connected to the disassembly shaft; a nut retaining assembly, mounted on one side of the connecting device; a nut retaining member, mounted at the end of the nut retaining member, driven to move to the lower end of the nut sleeve by the nut retaining member, and used to limit the nut. The railway nut remover and nut retaining device proposed by the present invention greatly improve the efficiency of railway fastener nut removal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway engineering, and in particular to a nut disassembling device for fastener bolt maintenance. Background Art

[0002] Fasteners are essential components in railway track systems for maintaining track gauge, reducing noise, damping vibration, and providing insulation. Fastener failure can impact track system stability and, in severe cases, endanger train safety. Railway fastener bolt maintenance is a crucial means of ensuring the safe, reliable, and stable operation of railway track systems. As of 2020, my country's railway mileage reached 146,000 kilometers, with hundreds of millions of fastener sets. Given the vast scope, length, and rapid growth of my country's railway system, manual fastener assembly and disassembly operations have become a major obstacle to the full automation of railway maintenance and inspection.

[0003] A remover is a crucial component in the maintenance of railway fastener bolts. It addresses the challenges of removing railway fastener nuts with a high torque of 350 Nm and provides a constant torque nut pre-tightening function. First, manual nut removal is labor-intensive, and ensuring the proper pre-tightening torque is difficult. Second, handheld automated nut removal equipment only provides nut removal functionality and cannot effectively grip the nut, requiring manual pre-screwing. This makes it difficult to achieve self-disassembly and pre-tightening of the nut. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to achieve self-disassembly and self-pretightening of nuts, the present invention provides a nut disassembly device for fastener bolt maintenance.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0006] A nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance, comprising a fixing device mounted on a carrying platform;

[0007] Also includes:

[0008] A slide rail device, fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fixing device;

[0009] A connecting device is mounted on the slide rail device and is driven to rise and fall by the slide rail device;

[0010] Disassemble the power unit and fix it on one side of the connecting device;

[0011] A disassembly shaft, connected to the output shaft of the disassembly power unit via a gear reducer;

[0012] A nut sleeve, the lower end of which is matched with the nut;

[0013] A compression spring is sleeved on the disassembly shaft, one end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the nut sleeve and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the disassembly shaft;

[0014] A retaining nut assembly is mounted on one side of the connecting device;

[0015] The nut retainer is mounted on the end of the retaining nut assembly and is driven to move to the lower end of the nut sleeve by the retaining nut assembly to limit the nut.

[0016] Preferably, the mobile device comprises:

[0017] The lead screw slide rail assembly is mounted on the bottom of the robotic arm fixing device, and its slide is fixedly connected to the robotic arm connecting device.

[0018] Preferably, the disassembly power unit includes:

[0019] The disassembler fixing frame is fixedly arranged on one side of the connecting device; the gear reducer is mounted on the top of the disassembler fixing frame

[0020] The servo motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the reducer bearing seat of the gear reducer through a servo motor bracket, and its output shaft is driven by the input shaft of the gear reducer through a synchronous belt structure.

[0021] Preferably, the retaining nut assembly includes a retaining nut power unit and a retaining nut actuator unit driven to move by the retaining nut power unit.

[0022] Preferably, the retaining nut power unit comprises:

[0023] A cantilever plate is mounted under the bearing gland;

[0024] A connecting angle plate is fixedly arranged at the other end of the cantilever plate;

[0025] The nut holds the mounting plate and is fixedly disposed on the connecting angle plate;

[0026] The stepper motor is fixedly mounted on the nut holding mounting plate, and its output shaft is connected to a trapezoidal screw through a coupling; the middle of the trapezoidal screw is fixed by a screw support seat fixedly mounted on the nut holding mounting plate;

[0027] A trapezoidal nut, sleeved on the end of the trapezoidal lead screw;

[0028] The limit sensor is fixedly connected to one side of the nut holding the mounting plate and is used to move the rated distance in the vertical direction.

[0029] Preferably, the retaining nut execution unit includes:

[0030] Upper and lower slide rails are fixedly arranged on the nut retaining mounting plate;

[0031] A slider, slidably arranged on the upper and lower slide rails;

[0032] a trapezoidal connecting piece, fixedly connected to the trapezoidal nut;

[0033] A guide plate, fixedly arranged on the trapezoidal connecting member;

[0034] A guide sliding member, slidably connected to the guide plate;

[0035] A transverse plate fixedly disposed on the end of the nut retaining mounting plate;

[0036] A transverse slide rail, fixedly arranged on the transverse plate;

[0037] A transverse sliding block is slidably arranged on the transverse sliding rail; and the nut retaining member is fixedly connected to the guide sliding member.

[0038] A nut disassembly method for fastener bolt maintenance, comprising the following steps:

[0039] When the nut sleeve is aligned with the fastener nut, the robot arm moves to drive the disassembly operator to move downward, and the servo motor is started at the same time; the disassembly operator is in a state of moving downward and rotating at the same time;

[0040] When the nut sleeve contacts the fastener nut, the disassembly operator continues to rotate until the fastener nut is locked into the nut sleeve, while compressing the compression spring. During the alignment process, the disassembly operator no longer moves downward;

[0041] After the alignment is completed, the nut sleeve drives the fastener nut to rotate until the fastener nut is rotated out of the fastener bolt;

[0042] After the fastener nut is screwed out, the nut retainer moves toward the bottom of the nut sleeve to retain the fastener nut inside the nut sleeve to prevent it from sliding out;

[0043] The robotic arm drives the disassembler to move upward, and the disassembly of the fastener nut is completed.

[0044] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0045] The railway nut remover and nut retaining device proposed in the present invention greatly improve the efficiency of removing railway fastener nuts and reduce the manpower cost investment of railway engineering sections. It makes up for the disadvantage that traditional railway nut removers need to rely on manual labor to remove nuts, and improves the intelligent level of railway fastener maintenance.

[0046] The nut sleeve proposed in the present invention rotates and moves downward during the disassembly process so that the nut sleeve fits the nut and relies on the adaptability of the compression spring to provide freedom during the downward movement.

[0047] The present invention proposes a nut retaining assembly with a 45-degree rail within its guide plate. Driven vertically by the trapezoidal nut, the guide slide passively moves within the 45-degree rail. The guide slide drives the transverse slide to move horizontally within the rail, converting vertical movement into horizontal movement. The nut retaining member and the transverse slide move synchronously to the underside of the nut sleeve, supporting the nut and preventing it from slipping out of the sleeve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is another overall structural diagram of a nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is another partial structural diagram of a nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a detailed view of a nut retaining assembly of a nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 It is an operation flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] A nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance, such as Figure 1-6As shown, it includes: a fixing device 1, which is mounted on the carrying platform; it also includes: a slide rail device 2, which is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the fixing device 1; a connecting device 4, which is mounted on the slide rail device 2 and driven to rise and fall by the slide rail device 2; a disassembly power unit 5, which is fixedly mounted on one side of the connecting device 4; a disassembly shaft 6-6, which is connected to the output shaft of the disassembly power unit 5 through a gear reducer 5-6; a nut sleeve 6-8, the lower end of which cooperates with the nut; a compression spring 6-7, which is sleeved on the disassembly shaft 6-6, one end of which is fixedly connected to the upper end of the nut sleeve 6-8, and the other end is fixedly connected to the disassembly shaft 6-6; a retaining nut assembly, which is mounted on one side of the connecting device 4; a nut retainer 8-9, which is mounted at the end of the retaining nut assembly and is driven to move to the lower end of the nut sleeve 6-8 by the retaining nut assembly to limit the nut.

[0057] The moving device 2 includes: a screw guide rail assembly 3, mounted at the bottom of the robot arm fixing device 1, and its slide is fixedly connected to the robot arm connecting device 4. The disassembly power unit 5 includes: a disassembler fixing frame 5-7, fixedly set on one side of the connecting device 4; a gear reducer 5-6 mounted on the top of the disassembler fixing frame 5-7; a servo motor 5-1, fixedly mounted on the top of the reducer bearing seat 5-5 of the gear reducer 5-6 through a servo motor bracket 5-2, and its output shaft is driven by the input shaft of the gear reducer 5-6 through a synchronous belt structure 5-4.

[0058] Furthermore, the retaining nut assembly includes a retaining nut power unit 7, and a retaining nut actuator unit 8 driven to move by the retaining nut power unit 7. The retaining nut power unit 7 includes: a cantilever plate 7-1, mounted under the bearing cover 6-1; a connecting angle plate 7-2, fixedly arranged at the other end of the cantilever plate 7-1; a nut retaining mounting plate 7-5, fixedly arranged on the connecting angle plate 7-2; a stepping motor 7-3, fixedly arranged on the nut retaining mounting plate 7-5, whose output shaft is connected to a trapezoidal screw 7-7 through a coupling 7-4; the middle of the trapezoidal screw 7-7 is fixed by a screw support seat 7-6 fixedly arranged on the nut retaining mounting plate 7-5; and a trapezoidal nut 7-8, sleeved on the end of the trapezoidal screw 7-7. The nut retaining actuator 8 includes: upper and lower slide rails 8-1, fixedly mounted on the nut retaining mounting plate 7-5; a slider 8-4, slidably mounted on the upper and lower slide rails 8-1; a trapezoidal connector 8-2, fixedly connected to the trapezoidal nut 7-8; a guide plate 8-3, fixedly mounted on the trapezoidal connector 8-2; a guide slider 8-5, slidably connected to the guide plate 8-3; a transverse plate 8-7, fixedly mounted on the end of the nut retaining mounting plate 7-5; a transverse slide rail 8-6, fixedly mounted on the transverse plate 8-7; a transverse slider 8-8, slidably mounted on the transverse slide rail 8-6; and a nut retaining member 8-9, fixedly connected to the guide slider 8-5. Furthermore, to limit the vertical movement distance, a limit sensor 9 is fixedly connected to one side of the nut retaining mounting plate 7-5.

[0059] In this embodiment, the nut removal process includes the following steps:

[0060] S1: When the nut sleeve 6-8 is aligned with the fastener nut, the robot arm drives the disassembly operator to move downward, and the servo motor 5-1 is started at the same time; the disassembly operator is in a state of moving downward and rotating at the same time.

[0061] S2: When the nut sleeve 6-8 contacts the fastener nut, the disassembly operator continues to rotate until the fastener nut is stuck in the nut sleeve 6-8, and the compression spring 6-7 is compressed at the same time. During the alignment process, the disassembly operator no longer moves downward.

[0062] S3: After the alignment is completed, the nut sleeve 6-8 drives the fastener nut to rotate until the fastener nut is turned out of the fastener bolt.

[0063] S4: After the fastener nut is screwed out, the nut retainer 8-9 moves to the bottom of the nut sleeve 6-8, retaining the fastener nut inside the nut sleeve 6-8 to prevent it from sliding out.

[0064] S5: The robotic arm drives the remover to move upward, and the removal of the fastener nut is completed.

[0065] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance, comprising a fixing device (1) mounted on a carrying platform; It is characterized by: Also includes: A slide rail device (2) is fixedly arranged on the bottom of the fixing device (1); A connecting device (4) is mounted on the slide rail device (2) and is driven to rise and fall by the slide rail device (2), and a connecting plate is fixedly provided on one side of the connecting device; The power unit (5) is disassembled and fixedly mounted on one side of the connecting device (4); A driven gear (5-7) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate and is driven to rotate by disassembling the power unit (5); A transmission gear (6-4) is rotatably arranged at the bottom of the connecting plate and meshes with the driven gear (5-7), and a transmission shaft (6-9) is fixedly arranged on the top of the transmission gear (6-4); The dismantling square shaft (6-6) passes through the transmission gear (6-4) and slides with the transmission shaft (6-9); the transmission gear (6-4) and the transmission shaft (6-9) are both provided with square grooves that cooperate with the dismantling square shaft (6-6); A nut sleeve (6-8) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the disassembled square shaft (6-6), and a groove body is provided at the lower end thereof for matching with the nut; A compression spring (6-7) is sleeved on the disassembly square shaft (6-6); a gear cover (6-3) is fixedly sleeved on the outer sides of the driven gear (5-7) and the transmission gear (6-4); one end of the compression spring (6-7) abuts against the gear cover (6-3) through a spring retaining ring (6-5), and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the nut sleeve (6-8); A retaining nut assembly is mounted on one side of the disassembly power unit (5); A nut retainer (8-9) is mounted on the end of the retaining nut assembly and is driven by the retaining nut assembly to move to the lower end of the nut sleeve (6-8) to limit the nut; A bearing cover (6-1) is fixedly connected to the top end of the disassembly square shaft (6-6); The retaining nut assembly comprises a retaining nut power unit (7) and a retaining nut execution unit (8) driven to move by the retaining nut power unit (7); The retaining nut power unit (7) comprises: A cantilever plate (7-1) is mounted under the bearing gland (6-1); A connecting angle plate (7-2) is fixedly arranged on the other end of the cantilever plate (7-1); The nut retaining mounting plate (7-5) is fixedly arranged on the connecting angle plate (7-2); A stepper motor (7-3) is fixedly mounted on the nut holding mounting plate (7-5), and an output shaft thereof is connected to a trapezoidal lead screw (7-7) via a coupling (7-4); A screw support seat (7-6) is fixedly arranged in the middle of one side of the nut holding mounting plate (7-5); the trapezoidal lead screw (7-7) passes through the screw support seat (7-6) and is rotatably connected to the screw support seat (7-6); A trapezoidal nut (7-8) is threadedly sleeved on the trapezoidal lead screw (7-7); A limit sensor (9) is fixedly connected to one side of the nut holding mounting plate (7-5) and is used to move a rated distance in the vertical direction; The retaining nut execution unit (8) comprises: Upper and lower sliding rails (8-1) are fixedly arranged on the nut retaining mounting plate (7-5); A slider (8-4) is slidably arranged on the upper and lower slide rails (8-1); A trapezoidal connecting piece (8-2) fixedly connected to the trapezoidal nut (7-8); A guide plate (8-3) is fixedly arranged on the trapezoidal connecting member (8-2) and has a guide groove inclined at 45 degrees therein; A guide sliding member (8-5) is slidably connected to the guide plate (8-3); A transverse plate (8-7) is fixedly arranged on the end of the nut holding mounting plate (7-5); A transverse slide rail (8-6) is fixedly arranged on the transverse plate (8-7); A transverse sliding block (8-8) is slidably arranged on the transverse sliding rail (8-6); the nut retaining member (8-9) is fixedly connected to the guide sliding member (8-5); The guide plate (8-3) moves up and down driven by the trapezoidal nut (7-8), and the guide sliding member (8-5) slides in the 45-degree guide groove, converting the up and down movement into horizontal movement and driving the nut retaining member (8-9) to move to the bottom of the nut sleeve (6-8).

2. A nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide rail device (2) comprises: The lead screw slide rail assembly (3) is mounted on the bottom of the fixing device (1), and its slide is fixedly connected to the connecting device (4).

3. A nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disassembly power unit (5) comprises: A gear reducer (5-6) is mounted on the top of the connecting plate, and the driven gear (5-7) is in driving connection with the output end of the gear reducer (5-6); The servo motor (5-1) is fixedly mounted on the top of the reducer bearing seat (5-5) of the gear reducer (5-6) via a servo motor bracket (5-2), and its output shaft is transmission-connected to the input shaft of the gear reducer (5-6) via a synchronous belt structure (5-4).

4. A nut removal device for fastener bolt maintenance according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A bearing seat (6-2) is fixedly mounted above the connecting plate; a bearing (6-10) inside the bearing seat (6-2) is in driving connection with the upper end of the transmission shaft (6-9); The bearing (6-10) is fixedly sleeved on the transmission shaft (6-9).

5. A disassembly method for a nut disassembly device for fastener bolt maintenance according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the nut sleeve (6-8) is aligned with the fastener nut, the slide rail device (2) drives the nut sleeve (6-8) to move downward, and at the same time the disassembly power unit (5) is started; the nut sleeve (6-8) is in a state of moving downward while rotating; When the nut sleeve (6-8) contacts the fastener nut, the nut sleeve (6-8) continues to rotate and move downward until the fastener nut is stuck in the nut sleeve (6-8), and the compression spring (6-7) is compressed at the same time. During the alignment process, the disassembly operator no longer moves downward; After the alignment is completed, the nut sleeve (6-8) drives the fastener nut to rotate until the fastener nut is turned out of the fastener bolt; After the fastener nut is screwed out, the nut retainer (8-9) moves toward the bottom of the nut sleeve (6-8) to retain the fastener nut inside the nut sleeve (6-8) to prevent it from sliding out; The slide rail device (2) is driven to move upward, and the action of disassembling the fastener nut is completed.

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