Rock compression-shear and tension-shear multifunctional direct shear apparatus

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of rock's compression shear and tensile shear multifunctional direct shear apparatus, including object table, wherein the left and right sides of object table are respectively provided with shear device, and each shear device includes support base, shear block mechanism is connected on support base, shear block mechanism includes at least one group of horizontally arranged shear block, at least one vertical screw is vertically connected on the end of the front and rear end of shear block, the end of vertical screw and shear block is axially threadedly connected, and the lower end of vertical screw is arranged on the support base, and shear block is positioned in a horizontal position and moves up and down along the vertical screw by the rotation of vertical screw, and each shear device drives corresponding shear block to move horizontally relative to each other to carry out horizontal transverse shear to the sample placed on object table.The multifunctional direct shear apparatus of the present application is independently controllable by the shear force suffered by different shear surfaces, and realizes the multi-shear surface experiment of simultaneous destruction of multiple shear surfaces on one sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a direct shear test apparatus for rock materials, and more particularly to a multifunctional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tensile shear. Background Technology

[0002] During dam and slope construction and underground cavern excavation, rock is highly susceptible to failure due to compressive-shear stress or the conversion of tensile-shear stress to compressive-shear stress. The shear mechanical properties of rock under loading and unloading conditions—that is, the shear behavior under tensile and compressive stress conditions—exhibit significant differences. In practical engineering, the relationship between the location of the shear surface generated by rock mass under shear force and the normal compressive and tensile stresses is complex. Due to the complexity of shear load application and the inherent non-homogeneity of rock materials, conducting shear tests on rock presents certain difficulties. Research on the shear mechanical properties of rock is far from meeting the needs of practical engineering. Therefore, it is urgent to explore in depth the shear mechanical properties of controllable shear surfaces of rock materials under tensile and compressive stresses to provide strength parameters and technical guidance for rock mass stability analysis.

[0003] Currently, the main control conditions for direct shear testing of rocks are applying normal loads of different magnitudes and changing the size of the rock sample. The design of direct shear testing devices for rocks under tensile stress and under the action of tensile stress and compressive stress conversion is obviously insufficient.

[0004] For example, the integrated rock mass structural surface direct shear apparatus and direct shear test method disclosed in CN105675409A apply normal stress to the shear system using a vertical loading system and shear stress to the shear system using a horizontal loading system. The shear test method of this direct shear apparatus includes layout, sample adjustment, sample preparation, sample loading, instrument connection, application of normal stress, application of shear stress, measurement and description of shear area, repeated test, calculation of normal stress and shear stress. Although it effectively reduces the artificial disturbance of the sample structural surface, the above scheme still follows the traditional design concept, simply using normal loading and measuring the shear surface at a fixed position to measure the mechanical properties of the rock shear surface at a fixed position under compressive stress, without addressing the tensile stress and the condition that the shear surface position is controllable.

[0005] For example, the dynamic cyclic direct shear test method for rock mass structural plane disclosed in CN109211690A includes a unidirectional cyclic direct shear test method for rock mass structural plane, a bidirectional cyclic direct shear test method for rock mass structural plane, and a loading and unloading direct shear test method for rock mass structural plane. Although this method has some improvements in cyclic direct shear loading and unloading direct shear, the shear surface of the rock sample cannot be controlled. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a multifunctional direct shearing device for rock compression and tension shearing. By freely installing multiple sets of relatively arranged shearing blocks, the number and position of the shearing surfaces can be freely selected, achieving free control of the shearing surfaces. Through the individual force application of each shearing block, the shearing force on different shearing surfaces can be individually controlled.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A multifunctional direct shearing apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing includes a stage, characterized in that: shearing devices are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the stage, each shearing device includes a support base, and a shearing block mechanism is connected to the support base. The shearing block mechanism includes a plurality of shearing blocks arranged horizontally and vertically at intervals. Each shearing block has at least one vertical screw arranged vertically at its front and rear ends. The vertical screw is axially threadedly slidably connected to the end of the shearing block. The lower end of the vertical screw is arranged on the support base. The rotational movement of the vertical screw drives the shearing block to move up and down along the vertical screw and position it at a horizontal position. Each shearing device drives the corresponding shearing block to move laterally relative to each other to perform horizontal lateral shearing on the sample placed on the stage.

[0009] Furthermore, the pair of vertical screws at the front and rear ends of the shearing block are arranged opposite each other. One of the vertical screws is equipped with a drive gear at its lower end, and a drive motor is connected to the drive gear. The other vertical screw is equipped with a driven gear at its lower end. The drive gear and the driven gear are connected by a gear chain. A strip support plate is provided on the support base. The drive motor and the driven gear at the lower ends of the pair of vertical screws are respectively located at both ends of the strip support plate.

[0010] Furthermore, at least one end of the front and rear ends of the shearing block is vertically provided with a vertical slide rod, the vertical slide rod is axially slidably connected to the end of the shearing block, and the lower end of the vertical slide rod is provided on the strip support plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the vertical slide bar is disposed at one end of the strip support plate, and the other end of the strip support plate is disposed of the drive motor. The vertical screw is connected to the drive motor, and the vertical screw and the vertical slide bar are arranged opposite each other.

[0012] Furthermore, the vertical screw and / or vertical slide bar are provided with graduations.

[0013] Furthermore, a glue applicator is provided at the rear end of the platform. The glue applicator includes a glue applicator base, a vertical lifting bracket is provided on the glue applicator base, the vertical lifting bracket is slidably connected to the glue applicator base, and a lateral moving bracket extending upwards from the platform is provided on the vertical lifting bracket. A glue applicator is provided at the end of the lateral moving bracket.

[0014] Furthermore, the glue applicator includes a glue storage cylinder and a glue-spinning disc disposed at the lower end of the glue storage cylinder. The glue storage cylinder and the glue-spinning disc are slidably sleeved together. A connecting bracket is disposed at the upper end of the glue storage cylinder. One end of the connecting bracket is hinged to the end of the transverse moving bracket. A centrifugal motor is disposed at the lower end of the connecting bracket. The centrifugal motor is connected to the glue-spinning disc and drives the glue-spinning disc to rotate.

[0015] Furthermore, the shearing block is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is provided with a screw hole or a through hole. The vertical screw is threadedly connected to the screw hole, and the vertical slide bar is slidably connected to the through hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the vertical slide bar is a hollow cylinder with the scale set on its side, a laser generator is set at the lower end of the vertical slide bar, the vertical slide bar is filled with a colloidal solution, and the laser generator transmits laser light into the colloidal solution.

[0017] Furthermore, the lower end of the glue storage cylinder is provided with an annular groove, and the upper end of the glue-spinning disc is provided with an annular flange that matches the annular groove. The annular flange is embedded in the annular groove, and the two are in clearance fit.

[0018] The present invention adopts the above technical solution, which has the following advantages and effects:

[0019] 1. The multifunctional direct shearing apparatus of the present invention achieves precise control over the number and position of shearing surfaces through the flexible arrangement of multiple shearing blocks. During the experiment, each shearing block can be individually forceped by setting up an external hydraulic press, so that the shearing force on different shearing surfaces can be individually controlled. Thus, the number and position of shearing surfaces can be freely selected according to actual needs, and the specified shearing force can be freely applied while maintaining equilibrium.

[0020] 2. Compared with traditional shearing devices where two shear blocks can only achieve sample shearing on one shear plane, the multifunctional direct shearing apparatus of this invention combines shear blocks of different specifications. At the same time, the shear blocks on the left and right sides cooperate with each other to form multiple horizontal shear planes between the two shear blocks, realizing multi-shear plane experiments where multiple shear planes on a sample are destroyed simultaneously.

[0021] 3. The multifunctional direct shear apparatus of the present invention uses a rotational inertia method to apply glue for shearing tests of rock samples under tensile stress. It can glue the upper surface of the sample to the corresponding part or intermediate connecting part of the hydraulic press. The hydraulic press applies tensile stress to the sample. The glue applicator uses a rotational inertia method to apply glue evenly. When the glue is applied, the glue applicator can be moved away from the sample position without affecting the operation of multiple shearing surface tests. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the multifunctional direct shear apparatus of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the shearing device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the stage of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the shear block of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is an isometric structural diagram of the strip support plate of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the isometric structure of the toothed chain of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram of the dispensing device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the vertical lifting support structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the dispensing device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the glue reservoir of the dispensing device of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the dispensing disc of the dispensing device of the present invention.

[0033] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are as follows: 1-Shearing device, 2-Glue applicator, 3-Platform, 011-Shearing block, 012-Vertical screw, 013-Vertical slide bar, 014-Strip support plate, 015-Gear chain, 016-Support base, 021-Horizontal moving bracket, 022-Glue applicator, 023-Vertical lifting bracket, 024-Glue applicator base, 0221-Connecting bracket, 0222-Glue storage cylinder, 0223-Glue throwing disc, 0231-Rotating shaft, 0232-U-shaped bracket, 0233-Pin shaft, 0234-Vertical groove rod, 0235-H-shaped slider, 2221-Annular groove, 2231-Annular flange. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to provide a clearer understanding of the purpose, features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely illustrative of the essential spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0035] This invention provides a multifunctional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tensile shearing, comprising a platform, an adhesive application device at the rear end of the platform, and shearing devices on the left and right sides of the platform. Each shearing device has horizontally spaced shearing blocks, the vertical position of which is adjustable. When a sample is placed on the platform, adhesive is applied to the sample surface through the adhesive application device to enhance its tensile strength. A hydraulic device can push the shearing devices on both sides of the platform toward the platform, causing the shearing blocks on both sides to move relative to each other, compressing and shearing the sample. This invention achieves free control over the number and position of the sheared surfaces of the sample by setting multiple sets of adjustable shearing blocks.

[0036] like Figures 1-3 As shown. A multi-functional direct shearing apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing includes a platform 3, wherein shearing devices 1 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the platform 3. Each shearing device 1 includes a support base 016, and a shearing block mechanism is connected to the support base 016. The shearing block mechanism includes at least one set of horizontally arranged shearing blocks 011. At least one vertical screw 012 is vertically connected to at least one end of the front and rear ends of the shearing block 011. The vertical screw 012 is axially threadedly slidably connected to the end of the shearing block 011. The lower end of the vertical screw 012 is arranged on the support base 016. The rotational movement of the vertical screw 012 drives the shearing block 011 to move up and down along the vertical screw 012 and position it at a horizontal position. Each shearing device 1 drives the corresponding shearing block 011 to move laterally relative to each other to perform horizontal lateral shearing on the sample placed on the platform 3.

[0037] Specifically, the stage 3 consists of an upper platform and a lower platform connected by a cross, both of which are square structures. The stage 3 is used to place the test specimen.

[0038] In this embodiment, the shearing device 1 includes three shearing blocks 011 arranged horizontally at intervals. Each shearing block 011 has two vertical screws 012 arranged at the front end and the vertical screws 012 at the front and rear ends are arranged opposite each other. A strip support plate 014 is arranged at the lower end of the pair of vertical screws 012 that are opposite each other at the front and rear of the shearing block 011. The strip support plate 014 is fixed on the support base 016. In a pair of vertical screws 012, one of the vertical screws has a drive gear at its lower end, which is fixed to a drive motor. The drive motor is fixed to one end of a strip support plate 014. The other vertical screw 012 has a driven gear connected to its lower end, which is slidably embedded in one end of the strip support plate 014. The drive gear and the driven gear are connected by a toothed chain 015. When the drive motor drives the drive gear to rotate the vertical screw 012 on the drive gear, the drive gear simultaneously drives the driven gear to rotate synchronously through the toothed chain 015, thus rotating the vertical screw on the driven gear. When the drive motor is started simultaneously, the four vertical screws 012 synchronously drive the corresponding shearing blocks 011 to move up and down horizontally.

[0039] In the three shearing blocks 011, the vertical screws 012 at the front and rear ends are arranged in a staggered manner. The vertical screws 012 at the front and rear ends of the uppermost shearing block 011 are respectively located on the outermost left and right sides of the front and rear ends of the shearing block. The vertical screws at the front and rear ends of the lowermost shearing block are respectively located in the middle of the front and rear ends of the shearing block 011. The vertical screws 012 at the front and rear ends of the middle shearing block 011 are respectively located between the vertical screws of the upper and lower shearing blocks. The strip support plates 014 at the lower ends of the pair of opposing vertical screws 012 on each shearing block are arranged side-by-side on the support base 016. The support base 016 has a U-shaped structure with flanges on both sides, and the two ends of the strip support plates 014 are positioned towards the ends of the flanges.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown. Each shear block 011 is a plate-like structure, and its thickness may vary depending on different test requirements. Each shear block 011 has a pair of protrusions 0111 at its front and rear ends, with the protrusions on the same side of the front and rear ends of the shear block 011 corresponding to each other. Each protrusion 0111 has a through screw hole, and the vertical screw 012 is threadedly slidably connected to the screw hole on the corresponding protrusion.

[0041] like Figure 5As shown. The strip support plate 014 is a strip-shaped plate structure. A drive motor is provided on one end of the strip support plate 014. A drive gear is coaxially connected to the output end of the drive motor. A driven gear is provided on the other end of the strip support plate 014. The lower end of the driven gear has a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is embedded in the strip support plate 014 and rotatably connected to the strip support plate.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown. In this embodiment, the toothed chain 015 has a ring structure. The toothed chain 015 can also be a toothed belt to achieve synchronous transmission between the drive gear and the driven gear.

[0043] Of course, as a preferred embodiment, the pair of vertical screws 012 at the front and rear ends of the shearing block 011 are arranged opposite each other, that is, each shearing block 011 can also be provided with a vertical screw 012 at its front and rear ends to form a pair of vertical screws supporting the front and rear ends of the shearing block 011. The pair of vertical screws 012 opposite each other are arranged at the front and rear ends of the shearing block 011. The lower ends of the pair of vertical screws 012 are provided on both ends of the strip support plate 014. The lower end of one vertical screw 012 is provided with a drive gear and a drive motor and is connected to the strip support plate 014. The lower end of the other vertical screw 012 is provided with a driven gear and is connected to the strip support plate 014. The driven gear and the drive gear are synchronously connected through a gear chain 015.

[0044] When a vertical screw 012 is provided at the front and rear ends of the shear block 011, a protrusion is also provided at the front and rear to maintain a relative arrangement.

[0045] In this embodiment, the shear blocks 011 on the left and right shearing devices 1 cooperate with each other to form three sets of opposite horizontal shearing surfaces between the two shearing devices 1. Since the position and height of the upper shear block 011 of each shearing device 1 can be controlled independently, multiple shearing surfaces that are simultaneously destroyed on a sample are realized.

[0046] Of the three shear blocks 011, the uppermost shear block is the thinnest at its rear end, the middle shear block is the same thickness as the uppermost shear block, and the lowermost shear block 011 is thicker than the middle shear block. The other dimensions of the three shear blocks are the same, allowing the vertical screws 012 on them to be arranged side-by-side.

[0047] Of course, as a preferred embodiment, each shear block mechanism may have multiple horizontally spaced parallel shear blocks 011, but there shall be at least one shear block 011.

[0048] Furthermore, in order to measure the distance that the shearing block 011 moves up and down along the vertical screw 012, a scale can be set on the surface of at least one of the vertical screws 012 on each shearing block 011. The scale is laser-printed at the position on the surface of the vertical screw 012. When the vertical screw 012 rotates and drives the shearing block 011 to move up and down, the position and distance of the shearing block 011 to move up and down can be confirmed by its different scale positions on the vertical screw 012.

[0049] Furthermore, as a preferred embodiment, at least one end of the front and rear ends of the shearing block 011 is vertically provided with a vertical slide rod 013, the vertical slide rod 013 is axially slidably connected to the end of the shearing block 011, and the lower end of the vertical slide rod 013 is provided on the support base 016.

[0050] Specifically, to measure the distance the shear block 011 moves up and down along the vertical screw 012, the Tyndall effect principle generated by laser is used. This is achieved by replacing one of the vertical screws 012 in each shear block 011 with a vertical slide bar 013. The vertical slide bar 013 is a hollow, transparent cylindrical structure filled with a transparent colloidal solution. The surface of the vertical slide bar 013 has graduations. The protrusions on the shear block 011 connected to the vertical slide bar use through holes instead of threaded holes, and the vertical slide bar 013 slides and engages with the through holes.

[0051] A laser generator is installed at the lower end of the vertical slide bar 013, and is fixed to one end of the strip support plate 014. The upper end of the laser generator is axially connected to the vertical slide bar 013. The laser emitted by the laser emitter is in the same plane as the lower surface of the shear block 011. The laser beam is directed towards the vertical slide bar 013 containing the colloidal solution. Because the surface of the vertical slide bar 013 has standard graduations, the laser beam produces a Tyndall effect in the colloidal solution, and the laser path is clearly visible as it penetrates the colloidal solution. This visible laser path facilitates comparison with the graduations for reading; this reading is the vertical height of the lower surface of the shear block 011. The colloidal solution is preferably an iron hydroxide solution.

[0052] At this time, the lower end of the vertical screw 012 on the side opposite to the vertical slide bar 013 can be directly driven and connected by the drive motor. The drive motor is fixed at the other end of the strip support plate 014. There is no need for synchronous rotation between the lower ends of the vertical slide bar 013 and the vertical screw 012 through the transmission of the toothed chain 015.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment, in the three shearing blocks 011 on the left side of the stage 3, each shearing block has a vertical slide bar 013 and a vertical screw 012 at its front end, and two vertical screws 012 at its rear end. The vertical screws at the front end and the vertical screws at the rear end of each shearing block 011 are arranged opposite each other. A strip support plate 014 is provided at the lower end of the opposite pair of vertical screws. The lower end of one vertical screw 012 is connected to a drive gear and a drive motor and fixed to one end of the strip support plate. The lower end of the other vertical screw 012 is connected to a driven gear and fixed to the other end of the strip support plate. The drive gear and the driven gear on the strip support plate are driven and connected by a gear chain 015.

[0054] The vertical slide bar 013 at the front end and the vertical screw bar 012 at the rear end of each shearing block 011 are arranged opposite each other, and the lower ends of the vertical slide bar 013 and the vertical screw bar are provided with strip support plates 014. The lower ends of the vertical screw bar 012 are fixed to both ends of the strip support plate by drive gears and drive motors.

[0055] The position of the vertical slide bar 013 on the left side of the platform 3 is opposite to the position of the vertical slide bar on the right side of the platform, so that the shearing devices on the left and right sides are opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the platform. The three vertical slide bars 013 at the front end of each shearing device are located on the opposite inner side of the platform 3, and the vertical screw 012 at the front end of each shearing device 1 is located on the outer side of its vertical slide bars 013.

[0056] The three shearing blocks 011 are arranged horizontally with vertical spacing. The vertical screws 012 and vertical slides 013 on the three shearing blocks 011 are arranged side by side with spacing. The strip support plates under the three shearing blocks 011 are arranged side by side with spacing. The two strip support plates 014 of the uppermost shearing block are located on the left and right end plates of the support base 016, respectively. The strip support plate at the lower end of the lowermost shearing block is located in the middle of the plate of the support base 016. The strip support plate 014 at the lower end of the middle shearing block is located in the middle position between the strip support plate 014 of the lowermost shearing block 011 and the strip support plate of the uppermost shearing block. The six strip support plates 014 are arranged side by side with spacing on the support base 016. The two ends of the six strip support plates 014 are respectively attached to the bottom of the flanges at both ends of the support base 016.

[0057] like Figures 7-11As shown. Further, a glue applicator 2 is provided at the rear end of the platform 3. The glue applicator 2 includes a glue applicator base 024, a vertical lifting bracket 023 is provided on the glue applicator base 024, the vertical lifting bracket 023 is slidably connected to the glue applicator base 024, a transverse moving bracket 021 extending upwards from the platform 3 is provided on the vertical lifting bracket 023, and a glue applicator 022 is provided at the end of the transverse moving bracket 021.

[0058] Specifically, in order to support the sample in the experiment, the multifunctional direct shear apparatus of the present invention is equipped with a gluing device. The gluing device 2 is located on the rear side of the stage 3 and can apply high-strength glue to the upper surface of the stage 3 in contact with the sample and the upper surface of the sample, thereby realizing a multi-shear shear test under tensile stress.

[0059] The adhesive base 024 is a square frame structure. The height of the adhesive base is consistent with the height of the platform 3. A vertical lifting bracket 023 is provided on the upper surface of the adhesive base 024. A sliding device is connected to the bottom of the vertical lifting bracket 023, so that the vertical lifting bracket 023 can move back and forth along the adhesive base 024.

[0060] The sliding device consists of raised strips on the left and right sides of the upper end of the adhesive base 024 and H-shaped sliders 0235 embedded in the raised strips. The H-shaped sliders 0235 are provided with grooves on both sides, and the grooves are respectively embedded in the raised strips and move along the raised strips.

[0061] The vertical lifting device includes a pair of vertically spaced vertical groove rods 0234, the lower ends of which are fixed to the two ends of the H-shaped slider 0235. A transverse connecting rod is provided between the pair of vertical groove rods 0234, and the transverse connecting rod is connected to the inner side of the pair of vertical groove rods 0234 by a sliding connection device, so that the transverse connecting rod can move vertically up and down along the vertical groove rods 0234.

[0062] The sliding connection device includes a through groove running through the axial direction of each vertical groove rod 0234 on its inner side and protrusions at both ends of the transverse connecting rod. The transverse connecting rod includes a U-shaped bracket 0232, with protrusions at both ends. These protrusions are embedded in the through groove of the vertical groove rod 0234 and move along the groove. To facilitate the fixing of the transverse connecting rod, pin holes are provided on both the vertical groove rod 0234 and the protrusions. When the protrusions move to different heights within the vertical groove rod 0234, the transverse connecting rod can be fixed at different height positions on the vertical groove rod 0234 by inserting a pin 0233 into the pin holes of the protrusions and the vertical groove rod.

[0063] As a preferred sliding connection device, a protrusion may be provided on the inner side of each vertical groove rod 0234. The protrusion extends along the upper and lower ends of the entire vertical groove rod. Through grooves matching the protrusion are respectively provided at both ends of the U-shaped bracket 0232. The through grooves are embedded in the protrusion to realize the horizontal connecting rod moving up and down along the vertical groove rod.

[0064] Of course, the sliding connection device can be a manual linear slide table. The manual linear slide table includes a combination of linear guide rails and sliders. Linear guide rails are respectively installed on the inner side of the vertical groove rod 0234, and sliders are respectively installed at both ends of the transverse connecting rod. The sliders are embedded in the linear guide rails and slide linearly to allow the transverse connecting rod to move up and down along the vertical groove rod 0234. Fixing screws can be installed on the sliders to position them at any position on the linear guide rails.

[0065] Of course, an automatic linear slide can also be selected as the sliding connection device. In this case, there is no need to fix screws to achieve positioning. The automatic linear slide can achieve automatic movement and autonomous positioning through the controller.

[0066] As a preferred option, the vertical groove rod 0234 can also be replaced by a manual linear slide or an automatic linear slide. In this case, the two ends of the transverse connecting rod can be connected to the slider of the manual or automatic linear slide.

[0067] The transverse connecting rod is also equipped with a rotating shaft 0231, which is fixed to the inner upper end of the U-shaped bracket 0232. Both ends of the rotating shaft 0231 are hinged to the U-shaped bracket, allowing the rotating shaft 0231 to rotate along the U-shaped bracket 0232. A transverse moving bracket 021 is mounted on the rotating shaft, rotating above the platform 3 around the rotating shaft 0231 of the transverse connecting rod. A support rod is mounted on the rotating shaft 0231 and slidably connected to the transverse moving bracket. The support rod is a T-shaped column structure.

[0068] The lateral moving support 021 is a strip-shaped lateral tie rod. One end of the support rod is fixed to the rotating shaft 0231, and the other end of the support rod is slidably connected to the lateral tie rod, allowing the lateral tie rod to move back and forth along the support rod. A T-slot is provided on the lower side of the lateral tie rod, and the support rod is slidably embedded in the T-slot, allowing the lateral tie rod to move back and forth along the support rod.

[0069] To facilitate the forward and backward movement of the horizontal tie rod, a handle is provided at the rear end of the horizontal tie rod, and an adhesive applicator 022 is hinged to the front end of the horizontal tie rod. The position of the adhesive applicator 022 can be adjusted by using the handle.

[0070] Furthermore, the glue applicator 022 includes a glue storage cylinder 0222 and a glue-spinning disc 0223 disposed at the lower end of the glue storage cylinder 0222. The glue storage cylinder 0222 and the glue-spinning disc 0223 are slidably sleeved together. A connecting bracket 0221 is disposed at the upper end of the glue storage cylinder 0222. One end of the connecting bracket 0221 is hinged to the end of the transverse moving bracket 021. A centrifugal motor is disposed at the lower end of the connecting bracket 0221. The centrifugal motor is connected to the glue-spinning disc 0223 and drives the glue-spinning disc 0223 to rotate.

[0071] Specifically, the glue storage cylinder 0222 has a stepped cylindrical structure. A connecting bracket 0221 is provided at the upper edge of the glue storage cylinder 0222. The connecting bracket 0221 has a T-shaped structure, and its upper end is hinged to the front end of the transverse tie rod via a pivot. A centrifugal motor is located at the center of the lower end of the connecting bracket 0221. The centrifugal motor extends into the glue storage cylinder and is located at the axis of the glue storage cylinder 0222.

[0072] The glue-spinning disc 0223 has a cylindrical structure. A cross is provided at the lower end of the inner cavity of the glue-spinning disc 0223. A rotating shaft is provided on the cross and is coaxially driven and connected to the centrifugal motor on the glue storage cylinder 0222. After the glue storage cylinder 0222 is filled with glue, the glue will flow into the glue-spinning disc 0223. The centrifugal motor can drive the glue-spinning disc 0223 to rotate at the lower end of the glue storage cylinder 0222 to evenly centrifuge and fling out the glue.

[0073] Furthermore, the lower end of the glue storage cylinder 0222 is provided with an annular groove 2221, and the upper end of the glue-spinning disc 0223 is provided with an annular flange 2231 that matches the annular groove 2221. The annular flange 2231 is embedded in the annular groove 2221, and the two are in clearance fit.

[0074] To prevent glue from overflowing between the glue storage cylinder 0222 and the glue-spinning tray 0223, an annular groove 2221 and an annular flange 2231 are interlocked and fitted together, allowing the glue storage cylinder 0222 and the glue-spinning tray 0223 to rotate vertically and vertically, thus preventing glue overflow. The annular flange 2231 at the upper end of the glue-spinning tray 0223 forms a groove around the annular groove to accommodate the outer circumference of the annular groove. When the glue storage cylinder 0222 and the glue-spinning tray 0223 are fitted vertically, the annular flange 2231 is fitted into the annular groove 2221 and matches each other.

[0075] This invention provides a multifunctional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tensile shear, wherein the compression shear test operation process is as follows:

[0076] First, adjust the height of the glue applicator to make room for the sample on the stage 3, and then place the sample on the stage 3.

[0077] According to the experimental requirements, select the number of shearing blocks 011 on the shearing device 1, control and adjust the drive motor at the lower end of the vertical screw 012 on each shearing block 011, and adjust the height of the shearing block on the vertical screw 012 to reach the position required by the experiment.

[0078] After the height of the shear block 011 is adjusted according to the requirements, the hydraulic presses on both sides of the shearing device 1 squeeze the shear block 011 of the shearing device 1 respectively. The shear block 011 on the shearing device 1 moves relative to the sample on the stage 3, and the shearing experiment begins.

[0079] When performing a tensile shear test, glue needs to be applied to the surface of the sample or stage 3 using the glue applicator 022 on the glue applicator 2. When applying the glue, the glue is first filled into the glue storage cylinder 0222, and then the centrifugal motor is started. The centrifugal motor drives the glue-spinning disc 0223 to rotate and spin the glue to spread it evenly. After the glue application is completed, the glue applicator 022 on the glue applicator 2 can be removed from the space above the stage 3 to facilitate the test operation.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional direct shearing apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing, comprising a stage, characterized in that: Shearing devices are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the stage. Each shearing device includes a support base, and a shearing block mechanism is connected to the support base. The shearing block mechanism includes several shearing blocks arranged horizontally and vertically at intervals. Each shearing block has at least one vertical screw at its front and rear ends. The vertical screw is axially threadedly slidably connected to the end of the shearing block. The lower end of the vertical screw is set on the support base. The rotational movement of the vertical screw drives the shearing block to move up and down along the vertical screw and position it at a horizontal position. Each shearing device drives the corresponding shearing block to move laterally relative to each other to perform horizontal lateral shearing on the sample placed on the stage. A strip support plate is provided on the support base. The drive motor and driven gear of the lower end of the pair of vertical screws that are opposite each other are respectively set at both ends of the strip support plate.

2. The multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pair of vertical screws at the front and rear ends of the shearing block are arranged opposite each other. One of the vertical screws is equipped with a drive gear at its lower end, and the drive gear is connected to the drive motor. The other vertical screw is equipped with a driven gear at its lower end. The drive gear and the driven gear are connected by a toothed chain.

3. The multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one end of the front and rear ends of the shearing block is vertically provided with a vertical slide rod, which is axially slidably connected to the end of the shearing block, and the lower end of the vertical slide rod is provided on the strip support plate.

4. The multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lower end of the vertical slide bar is located at one end of the strip support plate, and the other end of the strip support plate is provided with the drive motor. The vertical screw is connected to the drive motor, and the vertical screw and the vertical slide bar are arranged opposite each other.

5. The multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vertical screw and / or vertical slide bar are provided with scales.

6. The multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rear end of the platform is provided with an adhesive applicator. The adhesive applicator includes an adhesive base, on which a vertical lifting bracket is provided. The vertical lifting bracket is slidably connected to the adhesive base. The vertical lifting bracket is provided with a lateral moving bracket extending upwards from the platform. An adhesive applicator is provided at the end of the lateral moving bracket.

7. A multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The glue applicator includes a glue storage cylinder and a glue-spinning disc disposed at the lower end of the glue storage cylinder. The glue storage cylinder and the glue-spinning disc are slidably sleeved together. A connecting bracket is disposed at the upper end of the glue storage cylinder. One end of the connecting bracket is hinged to the end of the transverse moving bracket. A centrifugal motor is disposed at the lower end of the connecting bracket. The centrifugal motor is connected to the glue-spinning disc and drives the glue-spinning disc to rotate.

8. The multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shearing block is provided with a protrusion, and the protrusion is provided with a screw hole or a through hole. The vertical screw is threadedly connected to the screw hole, and the vertical slide bar is slidably connected to the through hole.

9. A multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vertical slide bar is a hollow cylinder with the scale set on its side. A laser generator is set at the lower end of the vertical slide bar. The vertical slide bar is filled with a colloidal solution. The laser generator transmits laser light into the colloidal solution.

10. A multi-functional direct shear apparatus for rock compression and tension shearing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower end of the glue storage cylinder is provided with an annular groove, and the upper end of the glue-spinning disc is provided with an annular flange that matches the annular groove. The annular flange is embedded in the annular groove, and the two are in clearance fit.

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