A device and method for circular structure plane ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test

Abstract

The application discloses a circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device and method, wherein the device comprises a support and a device body arranged in the support; the support is surrounded by a bottom plate, a top plate and two side plates; the device body comprises a torsion component, a torque measuring component, a test piece shearing component, a lateral rotation pressurizing component, a longitudinal lifting component and a longitudinal pressurizing component. The device can realize synchronous shearing of the circular structure surface in the ring and longitudinal directions; the internal material A of the cylindrical test piece can rotate relative to the external material B under the action of the torque; meanwhile, the external material B can generate longitudinal displacement relative to the internal material A under the action of the longitudinal pressure, so that two-dimensional shearing of the circular structure surface is realized. The application can meet the needs of two-dimensional shearing of the circular structure surface under a complex stress environment, can obtain two-dimensional shearing mechanical parameters or performances of the circular structure surface of single material and two materials, and can realize simulation research on the interface bonding and sliding mechanical characteristics of the circular structure surface subjected to pressure and torsion simultaneously.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shearing test device, and relates to a circular structure surface annular and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device and method, in particular to a two-dimensional shearing test device and method for shearing characteristics test of different engineering base circular contact interface, and especially to a shearing test device and method with a complete circular structure surface as a shearing surface, a contact interface annular and longitudinal direction as a shearing direction, and flexible normal pressure. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of science and technology today, no matter from the macroscopic or microscopic point of view, the interface problem has become ubiquitous, and it has become one of the technical problems that must be overcome by scientific and engineering and technical personnel. From the macroscopic point of view, various materials and material combinations, such as the contact interface of pipes and soil, the contact interface of pile foundation and soil, the contact interface of various column structures and other materials, the coating interface of thin film coating materials, the mechanical action interface between transmission parts, the combination interface of functional devices and bearing components, and the interlayer of composite material laminated plate, have a very important influence on the bearing capacity, efficiency, service life and reliability of the whole material or structure; from the microscopic point of view, the mechanical behavior of the interface between fibers and matrix materials, grain boundaries, particle reinforcements and matrix materials, and inclusions and matrix materials, has important significance for the performance design and development of advanced materials and the accurate evaluation of their structure life.

[0003] Since the material contact surface is a weak structural layer relative to the material matrix, the damage and destruction of most components occur or originate from the interface, and the energy loss in the transmission system is mainly caused by the friction at the interface. With the rapid development of science and technology, the industrial application range of various functional materials, composite materials and other advanced materials is continuously expanding, and the mechanical properties of the contact interface between different matrices are increasingly concerned and valued by people. For the macroscopic shearing mechanical properties of material interfaces, many shearing methods and test devices have been invented by domestic and foreign scholars, but most of these shearing test devices simplify the material model and directly shear the material interface as a planar structure.

[0004] In actual engineering, the contact interface of structures such as pipes, pile foundations, columns and other materials is usually a circular structure surface; in some studies on circular structure surfaces, due to the constraints of the loading method, the longitudinal shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface are mainly studied; in some studies by scholars on the longitudinal direct shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface, due to the direct shear loading method, only the local circular structure surface is subjected to longitudinal direct shear test research, the normal load application method of the structure surface is relatively single, complex load application cannot be realized, and the material contact interface is usually a complete circular structure surface in actual engineering, and it is difficult to reflect the real mechanical properties of the interface from the study of the local circular structure surface; and the cylindrical structure surface of the material is often affected by longitudinal and circumferential double effects in use, and it is difficult to reflect the real mechanical properties of the interface from the longitudinal or circumferential angle. For example, patent document CN110044726A discloses a ring shear apparatus test system suitable for soil-rock contact surface, which can simulate the progressive failure behavior of soil mass along the structure surface on the rock slide bed, including an upper shear box and a lower shear box, a rotating platform is detachably connected to the lower shear box, and a pore water pressure sensor is arranged in the upper shear box. Patent document CN110987660A discloses a ring shear test device, which can simulate the contact surface strength relationship under different loads and deformation conditions, and can simultaneously obtain the shear displacement-shear stress relationship and the shear displacement-normal displacement relationship. These patent documents cannot realize two-dimensional shear in the circumferential and longitudinal directions, nor can they realize flexible normal pressure, and the shear surface is not a circular structure contact interface of the material.

[0005] Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to develop a new test device and test method for the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear properties of the circular structure surface. It is urgent to develop a two-dimensional shear test device and method suitable for a circular structure surface, a shear direction being the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the contact interface, and flexible normal pressure. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a circular structure surface circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device and method, which is applied to the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical response test of the circular structure surface under the action of the circumferential normal load, to adapt to the simulation research of the two-dimensional shear of the circular structure surface under the action of different positions and different sizes of loads. The device has great flexibility, can apply different sizes of loads at different positions, can accurately obtain the mechanical parameters of the material and the two-dimensional cohesive slip mechanical parameters of the material interface, and is helpful for the research of the two-dimensional shear mechanical mechanism of the circular structure surface such as pipes, pile foundations and columns and the interface strength mechanism under the action of different loads.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] Firstly, the application provides a circular structure surface ring, longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device, comprising:

[0009] The device body is arranged in the support, the support is mainly surrounded by the horizontally arranged bottom plate, the top plate and the longitudinally arranged two side plates, and the device body comprises a torsion component, a torque measurement component, a test piece shear component, a lateral rotation pressurizing component, a longitudinal lifting component and a longitudinal pressurizing component.

[0010] The torsion component is a torsion servo motor, one end of the torsion servo motor is vertically fixed to the inside center of the top plate, the other end is longitudinally connected with a torsion transmission shaft, and a torsional ring shear force is applied through the torsion transmission shaft.

[0011] The torsion measurement component is connected with the torsion component and the test piece shear component, and is used for measuring the torque.

[0012] The test piece shear component comprises a first shear assembly and a second shear assembly, the first shear assembly is formed by the upper torsion disc as the top component and the lower torsion disc as the bottom component, the two are arranged at a preset distance and are fixedly connected through fixing bolts to form a structure capable of accommodating the internal material A, the second shear assembly is formed by the lower guide rail plate as the bottom component and the movable element to form a structure capable of accommodating the external material B, the upper torsion disc is in transmission connection with the torsion transmission shaft, the center of the lower guide rail plate is provided with a first center hole, and the lower torsion disc can move in the ring direction and the longitudinal direction relative to the first center hole; when shear is generated, the contact surface of the internal material A and the external material B is a shear surface.

[0013] The lateral rotation pressurizing component is a bearing, and is slidably arranged on the two side plates through the lower guide rail plate and the upper guide rail plate arranged in parallel with the lower guide rail plate, and the second center hole is arranged on the upper guide rail plate; the lateral rotation pressurizing component comprises a rotating mechanism and a lateral pressurizing mechanism, the rotating mechanism is used for supporting the lateral pressurizing mechanism and adjusting the pressure direction and position of the lateral pressurizing mechanism; the lateral pressurizing mechanism is arranged on the rotating mechanism and is used for applying loads of different directions and sizes to different positions of the test piece.

[0014] The longitudinal pressurizing component is a longitudinal pressurizing servo motor, one end of the longitudinal pressurizing servo motor is vertically fixed to the inside center of the bottom plate, the other end is connected with a longitudinal pressure transmission shaft, a longitudinal shear force is applied through the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft, the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft is coaxial with the torsion transmission shaft, and a longitudinal pressure sensor is arranged on the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft.

[0015] The longitudinal lifting component is arranged between the longitudinal pressurizing component and the lower guide rail plate, the bottom part of the longitudinal lifting component abuts against the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft of the longitudinal pressurizing component through a lifting pressure head, the top part of the longitudinal lifting component is connected with the lower guide rail plate, and the longitudinal lifting component is used for conducting the longitudinal shear force applied by the longitudinal pressurizing servo motor to the lower guide rail plate.

[0016] Further,

[0017] The torsion measuring component is a double-flange torque sensor, the upper flange and the lower flange are respectively fixedly connected with the fixed disc and the torsion disc on the torsion transmission shaft, the torsion disc is connected with the upper torsion disc of the first shear assembly through the connecting column, and the torsion disc is used for measuring the torque.

[0018] During the test, the upper torsion disc serves as the top component of the first shear assembly, under the driving of the torsion servo motor, the torsion transmission shaft can drive the internal material A in the first shear assembly to rotate relative to the external material B in the second shear assembly, so that the internal material A is subjected to the circumferential shear relative to the external material B. The resistance of the two materials during the circumferential shear is sequentially transmitted to the lower flange of the double-flange torque sensor through the upper torsion disc, the connecting column, the torsion disc, and the lower flange, and the lower flange and the upper flange are subjected to relative torsion, and the torque is measured.

[0019] Under the driving of the longitudinal pressure servo motor, the longitudinal action force is applied to the lifting plate through the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft, the longitudinal action force moves the lower guide rail plate upward through the lifting support column, and the external material B on the lower guide rail plate moves longitudinally relative to the internal material A on the lower torsion disc, so that the internal material A is subjected to longitudinal shear relative to the external material B.

[0020] The first central hole on the lower guide rail plate has the same radius as the radius of the lower torsion disc, and the first central hole facilitates the material to fall off after the longitudinal shear.

[0021] The second central hole on the upper guide rail plate is coaxial with the first central hole, and is mainly used for the torsion transmission shaft and the double-flange torque sensor arranged on the shaft to pass through the plate and be connected with the first shear assembly.

[0022] Preferably, the specifications of the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail are the same, which can ensure that the slider is synchronous when rotating, so as to ensure that the pressure applied by the lateral pressure motor is strictly perpendicular to the outer wall of the test piece.

[0023] The sizes of the upper torsion disc and the lower torsion disc are the same, so as to better fix the internal material A.

[0024] Preferably, the lower guide rail plate, the upper guide rail plate and the side plate of the bracket are slidably connected through the structure of the sliding groove and the clamping block. Preferably, the sliding groove is arranged on the side plate, and the clamping block is arranged at both ends of the lower guide rail plate and the upper guide rail plate. Alternatively, the clamping block is arranged on the side plate, and the sliding groove is arranged at both ends of the lower guide rail plate and the upper guide rail plate.

[0025] Further,

[0026] The internal material A is a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder. For the hollow cylinder, the hollow part is filled with high-strength material as an internal limiting component. The external material B is an annular cylinder. It can be understood that the device is also applicable to a test piece with a sector or sector ring interface. The sector or sector ring cylinder test piece can be fixed on the lower torsion disc of the first shear assembly by movable elements such as two side limiting blocks, and the external material B is fixed at the corresponding position of the lower guide rail plate.

[0027] Preferably, for the movable elements of the second shear assembly, including but not limited to the upper fixed plate and / or the external limiting cylinder and the limiting blocks on both sides. The upper fixed plate is generally a circular ring with the same size as the external material B. For the sector ring external material B, the upper fixed plate is a sector ring.

[0028] Further,

[0029] The center of the lower guide rail plate is provided with a circular clamping groove with a radius consistent with the radius of the test piece composed of the internal material A and the external material B. The center of the clamping groove is coaxial with the first center hole, and the clamping groove is used to better determine the position of the test piece and fix the test piece. Thus, during shearing, the test piece can be subjected to circumferential shear and longitudinal shear along the circular contact interface of the two; at the same time, the internal material A can be removed along the first center hole, facilitating removal.

[0030] During the test, the solid cylinder or hollow cylinder internal material A is used as the internal material, and the annular cylinder external material B is used as the external material to form a cylindrical test piece. For the hollow cylinder material A, high-strength material is used to fill the hollow part as an internal limiting material.

[0031] For test pieces without lateral load, a cylindrical sleeve is used as an external limiting component after the test piece is fixed. For test pieces with lateral load, the cylindrical sleeve is removed, and the gasket is directly used to apply the normal load on the outer wall of the test piece.

[0032] Further,

[0033] The torsional servo motor applies a torsional circumferential shear force by fixing the angular velocity or by fixing the torque;

[0034] The press servo motor applies a longitudinal shear force by fixing the pressure or fixing the displacement.

[0035] Further,

[0036] The rotating mechanism comprises a circular ring-shaped upper guide rail and a circular ring-shaped lower guide rail arranged on the opposite surfaces of the upper guide rail plate and the lower guide rail plate and taking the center of the plate as the center, and movable upper sliders and lower sliders arranged in the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively, wherein the upper sliders and the lower sliders form a slider pair, the slider pair is at least one group, each group of slider pairs is connected through a support column, and the support column is perpendicular to the upper slider and the lower slider, so that each group of slider pairs can move synchronously in the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail; the support column is also used for fixing the lateral pressure mechanism, and at least one lateral pressure mechanism can be arranged on each support column; the rotating mechanism can fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential direction of the test piece, and can also fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the test piece.

[0037] The rotating mechanism can flexibly adjust the position and number of the lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the test piece according to the test requirements, and can meet the simulation of complex service environments.

[0038] Specifically,

[0039] When only a single constant load needs to be applied to the test piece in a certain central angle range, one lateral pressure mechanism can be arranged longitudinally on each support column; when different constant loads need to be applied to the test piece in the longitudinal direction in a certain central angle range, a plurality of lateral pressure mechanisms can be arranged longitudinally on each support column. The number of lateral pressure mechanisms arranged on each support column is selected according to the requirement of different load positions and sizes in the longitudinal direction of the test piece.

[0040] When different constant loads need to be applied to different positions of the test piece in the circumferential direction in a certain central angle range, a plurality of slider pairs and corresponding support columns can be installed in the guide rail at the same time, so as to install a plurality of lateral pressure mechanisms at different positions in the circumferential direction of the test piece.

[0041] Further,

[0042] The lateral pressure mechanism comprises a lateral pressure motor, a lateral pressure transmission shaft, a lateral pressure sensor and a gasket; the lateral pressure motor is connected with the gasket through the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor is arranged on the lateral pressure transmission shaft, and the lateral pressure motor, the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor and the gasket form an integral whole and are fixed on the support column through a support block.

[0043] Preferably, the support block is provided with a hole matched with the support column, and the support column passes through the hole to realize the fixed connection of the two. The support column in the rotating mechanism and the support block of the lateral pressure mechanism can support the load acting position of the lateral pressure motor and the test piece to be in the same horizontal plane, so as to ensure the horizontal application of the normal pressure.

[0044] Preferably, the gasket of the lateral pressing mechanism, which corresponds to the size of the central angle, height, shape, etc., can be adjusted and replaced according to the loading requirements. Because the gasket is consistent with the size of the outer wall of the test piece, the lateral pressure transmission shaft acts in the middle of the gasket, so that the pressure is strictly normal to the transmission shaft, ensuring that the test piece is uniformly stressed and avoiding eccentric compression load. The pressure direction points to the center of the circle, ensuring that the load is strictly applied in the normal direction.

[0045] Further,

[0046] The longitudinal lifting component includes a lifting plate and a lifting support column, the bottom of the lifting plate is in abutment with the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft through a lifting pressure head, and the two ends of the lifting support column are connected with the lifting plate and the lower guide rail plate, respectively. The longitudinal shear force applied by the pressing servo motor is conducted to the lower guide rail plate through the pressing transmission shaft, the lifting plate and the lifting support column. Because the second shear assembly has the lower guide rail plate as the bottom component, and the lateral rotating pressing component also has the lower guide rail plate as the bearing, under the action of the longitudinal pressing component, the second shear assembly and the lateral rotating pressing component can be lifted synchronously along the side plate of the bracket, ensuring that the normal load applied to the outer wall of the test piece remains constant.

[0047] The lifting support column separates the lifting plate and the lower guide rail plate by a certain distance, facilitating the removal of the internal material A that falls off from the central hole of the lower guide rail plate.

[0048] Preferably, in order to be more uniform in stress, the lifting support column is a plurality of columns arranged in a circular array with the center of the lifting plate as the center.

[0049] The application also provides a circular structure surface circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test method using the above-mentioned circular structure surface circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] S1, the internal material A and the external material B are made into a cylindrical test piece, the axis of the cylindrical test piece is aligned with the axis of the first central hole of the lower guide rail plate, the lower torsion disc is placed in the first central hole, part of the internal material A is fixed in the first shear assembly composed of the lower torsion disc and the upper torsion disc, and part of the external material B is fixed in the second shear assembly composed of the lower guide rail plate and the upper fixed plate.

[0051] S2, for the test piece needing lateral pressure, the lifting pressure head of the longitudinal pressure component is first adjusted to be lightly attached to the lifting plate, then the number of lateral pressure mechanisms is set according to the requirement, and the position and pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanism are adjusted through the rotating mechanism, the pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanism is directed to the axis of the test piece, and the strict normal load is ensured to be applied; the lateral pressure motor is started, the gasket is directly applied to the outer wall of the test piece to apply the required lateral load to the test piece; then the torsion servo motor and the longitudinal pressure servo motor are started at the same time, the upper torsion disc is used as the top component of the first shear assembly, the internal material A of the first shear assembly is rotated relative to the external material B of the second shear assembly under the driving of the torsion transmission shaft through the torsion servo motor, and the internal material A and the external material B are subjected to circumferential shear along the contact surface of the two in a suitable loading mode; at the same time, the internal material A of the first shear assembly is longitudinally moved relative to the external material B of the second shear assembly under the driving of the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft through the longitudinal pressure servo motor, and the internal material A and the external material B are subjected to longitudinal shear along the contact surface of the two in a suitable loading mode;

[0052] For the test piece not needing lateral pressure, a cylinder is sleeved outside the fixed test piece as an external limiting component, then the torsion servo motor and the longitudinal pressure servo motor are started at the same time, and the internal material A and the external material B are subjected to circumferential shear and longitudinal shear along the contact surface of the two in a suitable loading mode.

[0053] S3, the double-flange torque sensor, the longitudinal pressure sensor and the lateral pressure sensor acquire the real-time force size respectively, and the two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface are obtained through the measured force under different parameter conditions.

[0054] Preferably, in step S1, the test piece can be fixed through the circular clamping slot arranged at the center of the lower guide rail plate, so that the position of the test piece is better determined.

[0055] Preferably, in step S1, for the test piece of the fan ring column body, the internal material A and the external material B still need to be fixed by the two-side limiting stopper.

[0056] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0057] The device of the present application can not only realize single ring shear, longitudinal direct shear, but also realize synchronous ring shear and longitudinal shear of the circular structural surface.

[0058] The device can consider the influence of different specimen materials, specimen height, specimen radius, circular structural surface radius, specimen solid or hollow, corresponding central angle size, torsional shear rate, longitudinal direct shear rate, normal pressure size and position and other factors on the ring shear and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structural surface.

[0059] The device can consider the influence of different specimen materials, specimen height, specimen radius, circular structural surface radius, specimen solid or hollow, corresponding central angle size, torsional shear rate, longitudinal direct shear rate, normal pressure size and position and other factors on the ring shear and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structural surface.

[0060] The device can consider the influence of different specimen materials, specimen height, specimen radius, circular structural surface radius, specimen solid or hollow, corresponding central angle size, torsional shear rate, longitudinal direct shear rate, normal pressure size and position and other factors on the ring shear and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structural surface.

[0061] The device can consider the influence of different specimen materials, specimen height, specimen radius, circular structural surface radius, specimen solid or hollow, corresponding central angle size, torsional shear rate, longitudinal direct shear rate, normal pressure size and position and other factors on the ring shear and longitudinal two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structural surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0062] In order to make the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0063] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment of the present application (the first to fourth fixing members are not shown).

[0064] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the torsion component (including the first shear assembly) of the embodiment of the present application.

[0065] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure of the double-flange torque sensor of the embodiment of the present application.

[0066] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lateral rotation pressurizing component of the embodiment of the present application.

[0067] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the inner side surface structure of the upper guide rail plate of the embodiment of the present application.

[0068] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the inner side surface structure of the upper guide rail plate of the embodiment of the present application.

[0069] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the single lateral pressurizing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application.

[0070] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the single lateral pressurizing mechanism of the embodiment of the present application. Figure 7

[0071] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the front view mounting structure of the multiple lateral pressurizing mechanisms of the embodiment of the present application.

[0072] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the longitudinal pressurizing component.

[0073] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder in the embodiment of the present application.

[0074] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side plate provided with a sliding groove in the embodiment of the present application.

[0075] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first fixing member in the embodiment of the present application.

[0076] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second fixing member in the embodiment of the present application.​

[0077] Figure 15 A structure diagram of a third fixing member in the embodiment of the present application.

[0078] Figure 16 A structure diagram of a fourth fixing member in the embodiment of the present application.

[0079] The reference signs of the present application are explained as follows:

[0080]

[0081] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0083] It should be noted that all the directionality indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the certain posture changes, the directionality indications also change accordingly.

[0084] In addition, the descriptions such as “first”, “second” and the like in the present application are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first”, “second” can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0085] In the present application, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms “connection”, “fixing” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixing” can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; can be direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0086] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0087] Example 1

[0088] like Figures 1-16 As shown, this embodiment provides a two-dimensional shear test device for a circular structure surface in both circumferential and longitudinal directions, comprising:

[0089] It includes a support frame and a device body, with the device body housed within the support frame. The support frame is mainly composed of a horizontally arranged base plate 34, a top plate 32, and two longitudinally arranged side plates 33. The device body includes a torsion component, a torque measuring component, a specimen shearing component, a lateral rotation and pressurizing component, a longitudinal lifting component, and a longitudinal pressurizing component.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the torsion component in this embodiment is a torsion servo motor 1. One end of the torsion servo motor 1 is vertically fixed to the inner center of the top plate 32, and the other end is longitudinally connected to a torsion transmission shaft 2, through which a torsion circumferential shear force is applied.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment, the torsion measuring component in this embodiment is a double-flange torque sensor 6. Its upper and lower flanges are respectively fixedly connected to a fixed disk 7 and a torque-transmitting disk 8, which are connected to the torsion drive shaft 2. The torque-transmitting disk 8 is connected to the upper torsion disk 3 of the first shearing assembly via a connecting column 9, and is used to measure torque. In a preferred embodiment, as... Figure 3 As shown, the bottom of the connecting column 9 is fixedly connected to the uploading torsion disc 3 through the first fixing member 38 and fixing bolts.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the specimen shearing component in this embodiment includes a first shearing assembly and a second shearing assembly. The first shearing assembly is a structure capable of accommodating internal material A, formed by an upper torsion disc 3 as the top component and a lower torsion disc 4 as the bottom component, which are spaced at a predetermined distance and fixedly connected by fixing bolts 5. The second shearing assembly is a structure capable of accommodating external material B, formed by a lower guide rail plate as the bottom component and movable elements. The upper torsion disc 3 is driven by a torsion transmission shaft 2. In a preferred embodiment, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the upper torsion disc 3 and the torsion transmission shaft 2 are connected by a second fixing member 39 and fixing bolts. The lower guide plate 12 has a first central hole 31 at its center, and the lower torsion disc 4 can move circumferentially and longitudinally relative to the first central hole 31.

[0093] The device provided by the embodiment can be applied to a cylindrical test piece, the internal material A adopts a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder, and for the internal material A of the hollow cylinder, a high-strength material is filled in the hollow part as an internal limiting part; the external material B is an annular cylinder. It can be understood that the device can also be applied to a test piece with a sector or sector ring interface, and the sector or sector ring test piece can be fixed on the lower torsion disc of the first shear assembly by movable elements such as two side limiting clamping blocks, and the external material B is fixed at a corresponding position of the lower guide rail plate 1. For the movable elements constituting the second shear assembly, including but not limited to the upper fixed plate 29, the external limiting cylinder 30 and the limiting blocks on both sides (not shown in the figure). The upper fixed plate 29 is generally a circular ring with the same shape and size as the external material B, and for the sector ring external material B, the upper fixed plate is a sector ring.

[0094] During the test, the upper torsion disc 3 serves as the top part of the first shear assembly, and under the drive of the torsion servo motor 1, the torsion transmission shaft 2 can drive the internal material A in the first shear assembly to rotate relative to the external material B in the second shear assembly, so that the internal material A generates a circumferential shear relative to the external material B. The resistance of the two materials during circumferential shear is sequentially transmitted through the upper torsion disc 3, the connecting column 9, the transmission disc 8, and the lower flange of the double-flange torque sensor 6, and the lower flange generates relative torsion with the upper flange, and the torque is measured.

[0095] The first center hole 31 on the lower guide rail plate 12 has the same radius as the lower torsion disc 4, so that the two are tangent, and the first center hole 31 facilitates the material to fall off after longitudinal shear.

[0096] As a preferred embodiment, in the embodiment, the lateral rotation pressurizing part is carried by the lower guide rail plate 12, is slidably arranged on the two side plates through the lower guide rail plate 12 and the upper guide rail plate 10 arranged in parallel with the lower guide rail plate 12, and the upper guide rail plate 10 is provided with a second center hole 36; the lateral rotation pressurizing part comprises a rotating mechanism and a lateral pressurizing mechanism, the rotating mechanism is used for supporting the lateral pressurizing mechanism and adjusting the pressurizing direction and position of the lateral pressurizing mechanism; and the lateral pressurizing mechanism is arranged on the rotating mechanism and is used for applying loads with different directions and sizes to different positions of the test piece.

[0097] In the embodiment, as shown in Figure 4As shown, the rotating mechanism includes the upper rail plate 10 and the lower rail plate 12 arranged oppositely, the circular upper rail 13 and the lower rail 20 arranged respectively with the center of the plate as the center, and the movable upper slider and the lower slider 14 arranged respectively in the upper rail 13 and the lower rail 20. The upper slider and the lower slider 14 form a slider pair, and there are at least one slider pair. Each slider pair is connected by the support column 11, and the support column 11 is perpendicular to the upper slider and the lower slider 14, so that each slider pair can move synchronously in the upper rail 13 and the lower rail 20. As a preferred embodiment, as shown in the figure, Figure 4 As shown, the upper end and the lower end of the support column 11 are fixedly connected with the upper slider and the lower slider by the first fixing member 38 and the fixing bolt. The support column 11 is also used for fixing the lateral pressure mechanism. At least one lateral pressure mechanism can be arranged on each support column 11. The rotating mechanism provided in the embodiment can realize the arrangement of at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential direction of the test piece (only one slider pair and support column arranged in the circumferential direction are shown in the figure); at the same time, as shown in the figure, Figure 4 At least one lateral pressure mechanism can also be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the test piece. In this case, the lowermost lateral pressure mechanism and the lower end of the support column 11 can be fixedly connected with the lower slider 14 by the fourth fixing member 41 and the fixing bolt, and a plurality of lateral pressure mechanisms are fixedly arranged on the support column 11 in sequence. The rotating mechanism can realize the flexible adjustment of the position and the number of the lateral pressure mechanisms in the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the test piece according to the test requirement, and can meet the simulation of the complex service environment.

[0098] When only a single constant load needs to be applied to the test piece in a certain central angle range, one lateral pressure mechanism can be arranged longitudinally on each support column; when different constant loads need to be applied to the test piece in the longitudinal direction in a certain central angle range, a plurality of lateral pressure mechanisms can be arranged longitudinally on each support column. The number of the lateral pressure mechanisms arranged on each support column is selected according to the requirement of the different load positions and sizes in the longitudinal direction of the test piece, as shown in the figure, but is not limited to the number shown in the figure.

[0099] When different constant loads need to be applied to different positions in the circumferential direction of the test piece in a certain central angle range, a plurality of slider pairs and corresponding support columns can be installed in the rail at the same time, so as to install a plurality of lateral pressure mechanisms at different positions in the circumferential direction of the test piece.

[0100] In this embodiment, as shown in the figure, the lateral pressure mechanism includes a lateral pressure motor 16, a lateral pressure transmission shaft 17, a lateral pressure sensor 18, and a gasket 19. The lateral pressure motor 16 is connected to the gasket through the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17, and the lateral pressure sensor 18 is arranged on the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17. The lateral pressure motor 16, the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17, the lateral pressure sensor 18, and the gasket 19 form an integral whole and are fixed to the support column 11 through the support block 15. As a preferred embodiment, as shown in the figure, the gasket 19 is connected to the lateral pressure transmission shaft 14 through the third fixing member 40 and the fixing bolt. The support block 15 is provided with a hole matched with the support column 11, and the support column 11 passes through the hole to realize the fixed connection of the two. The support column 11 in the rotating mechanism and the support block 15 of the lateral pressure mechanism can support the load action position of the lateral pressure motor and the test piece to be in the same horizontal plane, ensuring the horizontal application of the normal pressure. Figures 7-9 As a preferred embodiment, as shown in the figure, the gasket 19 is connected to the lateral pressure transmission shaft 14 through the third fixing member 40 and the fixing bolt. The support block 15 is provided with a hole matched with the support column 11, and the support column 11 passes through the hole to realize the fixed connection of the two. The support column 11 in the rotating mechanism and the support block 15 of the lateral pressure mechanism can support the load action position of the lateral pressure motor and the test piece to be in the same horizontal plane, ensuring the horizontal application of the normal pressure.

[0101] The gasket 19 of the lateral pressure mechanism can be adjusted and replaced according to the loading requirements in terms of the size of the central angle, the height, and the shape. Since the gasket is consistent with the size of the outer wall of the test piece, the lateral pressure transmission shaft 17 acts on the middle of the gasket 19, which can make the pressure strictly normal to the axis of the transmission shaft, ensuring uniform stress on the test piece and avoiding eccentric compression load. The pressure direction points to the center of the circle, ensuring the strictly normal application of the load.

[0102] As a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal pressure component in this embodiment is a longitudinal pressure servo motor 25. One end of the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 is fixed vertically to the inside center of the bottom plate 34, and the other end is connected with a longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26. The longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 is coaxial with the torsion transmission shaft 2 and is provided with a longitudinal pressure sensor 27. As an implementable way, the longitudinal pressure sensor 27 is built into the pressure transmission shaft 26 as a part of the pressure transmission shaft 26.

[0103] As a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal lifting component in this embodiment is arranged between the longitudinal pressure component and the lower guide rail plate. Specifically, it includes a lifting plate 23 and a lifting support column 22. The bottom of the lifting plate 23 abuts against the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 through a lifting head, and the two ends of the lifting support column 22 are connected with the lifting plate 23 and the lower guide rail plate 12 respectively. As a preferred embodiment, as shown in the figure, the lifting head 28 is connected with the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 through the second fixing member 39 and the fixing bolt. As a preferred embodiment, the two ends of the lifting support column 22 are connected with the lifting plate 23 and the lower guide rail plate 12 respectively through the first fixing member and the fixing bolt. Figure 10

[0104] ​The longitudinal shear force exerted by the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 is conducted to the lower guide rail plate 12 through the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26, the lifting plate 23 and the lifting support column 22. Since the second shear assembly is the bottom component of the lower guide rail plate 12, and the lateral rotation pressure component is also supported by the lower guide rail plate 12, the second shear assembly and the lateral rotation pressure component can be lifted synchronously along the side plate of the support under the action of the longitudinal pressure component, so as to ensure that the normal load applied to the outer wall of the test piece remains constant. The longitudinal shear of the circular structural surface is realized by the overall longitudinal movement, and the stable application of the normal load on the side of the test piece is ensured.

[0105] Under the drive of the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25, the lifting plate 23 is given an upward longitudinal force by the pressure transmission shaft 26, and the longitudinal force makes the lower guide rail plate move upward through the lifting support column 22, so that the outer material B on the lower guide rail plate moves upward relative to the inner material A on the lower torsion disc 4, and the inner material A generates longitudinal shear relative to the outer material B.

[0106] The lifting support column 22 separates the lifting plate 23 from the lower guide rail plate 12 by a certain distance, which facilitates the removal of the inner material A that falls off from the center hole of the lower guide rail plate 12. Preferably, in order to be more uniform in stress, the lifting support column 22 is a plurality of columns arranged in a circular array with the center of the lifting plate 23 as the center.

[0107] In this embodiment, the torsion servo motor 1 applies a torsional ring shear force by fixing the angular velocity or by fixing the torque; the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 applies a longitudinal shear force by fixing the pressure or fixing the displacement.

[0108] The second center hole 36 on the upper guide rail plate 10 is mainly used for the torsion transmission shaft 2 and the double-flange torque sensor 6 arranged on the shaft to pass through the plate and be connected with the first shear assembly. The upper and lower guide rails have the same size, which can ensure that the slider is synchronous when rotating, so as to ensure that the pressure applied by the lateral pressure motor is strictly perpendicular to the outer wall of the test piece. The upper torsion disc 3 and the lower torsion disc 4 have the same size, so as to better fix the inner material A.

[0109] The lower guide rail plate 12 and the upper guide rail plate 10 are connected with the side plate of the support through the structure of the sliding groove 24 and the clamping block. In this embodiment, the sliding groove 24 is arranged on the side plate 33, and the clamping block 37 is arranged at both ends of the lower guide rail plate 12 and the upper guide rail plate 10. It can be understood that, as an implementable scheme, the clamping block 37 or the clamping strip can be arranged on the side plate 33, and the sliding groove or the groove can be arranged at both ends of the lower guide rail plate 12 and the upper guide rail plate 10.

[0110] A circular groove 35 is provided at the center of the lower guide plate 12. The radius of the groove 35 is the same as the radius of the specimen composed of the inner material A and the outer material B. The center of the groove 35 is coaxial with the first central hole 31. The groove 35 is used to better determine the position of the specimen and fix it. Thus, during shearing, circumferential and longitudinal shearing can be performed along the circular structural contact interface of the two materials; at the same time, the inner material A can be detached along the first central hole for easy removal.

[0111] During the experiment, a cylindrical specimen 21 was formed by combining a solid or hollow cylinder with an annular outer material B as the inner material A. For the hollow cylinder with inner material A, a high-strength material was used to fill the hollow part as the inner limiting material.

[0112] For specimen 21 without lateral load, a cylinder 30 is placed over the outside of specimen 21 after the specimen is fixed; for specimen with lateral load, the cylinder is removed and the normal load is applied directly to the outer wall of the specimen by the gasket.

[0113] It is worth noting that the appendix of this embodiment... Figures 13-16 Four different fasteners are provided. The first and second fasteners are structurally identical, differing only in size. For connection with the drive shaft, since the drive shaft is relatively thick, the appropriate fastener is selected. Figure 14 The second fastener with a larger connecting hole is shown. It is understood that other fasteners of different structures and shapes that can achieve a fixed connection between two elements are also within the scope of this invention.

[0114] The apparatus in this embodiment performs circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear tests on a circular structural surface, as detailed below:

[0115] S1. Make the internal material A and the external material B into a cylindrical specimen 21. Align the axis of the cylindrical specimen 21 with the axis of the first central hole 31 of the lower guide plate 12. Place the lower torsion disk 4 in the first central hole 31. Fix part of the internal material A in the first shearing assembly composed of the lower torsion disk 4 and the upper torsion disk 3. Fix part of the external material B in the second shearing assembly composed of the lower guide plate 12 and the upper fixing plate.

[0116] S2, for the test piece 21 needing lateral pressure, first adjust the lifting pressure head 28 of the longitudinal pressure component to lightly touch the lifting plate 23, then set the number of lateral pressure mechanisms according to the needs, and adjust the position and pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanism through the rotating mechanism, the pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanism points to the axis of the test piece, and the strict normal load is applied; start the lateral pressure motor 16, and the gasket 19 directly acts on the outer wall of the test piece 21 to apply the required lateral load to the test piece; then start the torsion servo motor 1 and the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 at the same time, the upper torsion disc 3 serves as the top component of the first shear assembly, and the internal material A of the first shear assembly is rotated relative to the external material B of the second shear assembly under the driving of the torsion transmission shaft 2 through the torsion servo motor 1, so that the materials A and B are subjected to circumferential shear along the contact surface between them in a suitable loading mode; at the same time, the material A of the first shear assembly is longitudinally moved relative to the external material B of the second shear assembly under the driving of the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft 26 through the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25, so that the materials A and B are subjected to longitudinal shear along the contact surface between them in a suitable loading mode;

[0117] For the test piece not needing lateral pressure, a cylinder 30 is sleeved outside the fixed test piece 21 as an external limiting component, and then the torsion servo motor 1 and the longitudinal pressure servo motor 25 are started at the same time, so that the materials A and B are subjected to circumferential shear and longitudinal shear along the contact surface between them in a suitable loading mode;

[0118] S3, the double-flange torque sensor 6, the longitudinal pressure sensor 27 and the lateral pressure sensor 18 respectively obtain the real-time force size, and the two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface can be obtained by testing the force under different parameter conditions.

[0119] As a preferred embodiment, in step S1, the test piece 21 can be fixed by the circular clamping groove 35 arranged at the center of the lower guide rail plate 12, so as to better determine the position of the test piece 21 and fix it. For the test piece 21 of the fan ring column, the internal material A and the external material B can be fixed by the two-side limiting stopper.

[0120] The device of the application can not only realize single ring shear, longitudinal direct shear, but also realize synchronous shear of the ring and longitudinal of the circular structure surface. When the ring torsional shear and longitudinal pressure shear are used synchronously, the internal material A of the cylindrical specimen can rotate relative to the external material B under the action of torque, and at the same time, the external material B can produce longitudinal displacement relative to the internal material A under the action of longitudinal pressure, so as to realize two-dimensional shear of the circular structure surface. The application can meet the needs of two-dimensional shear of the circular structure surface in a complex stress environment, and can realize simulation research on the interfacial bonding and sliding mechanical properties of the circular structure surface subjected to pressure and torsion at the same time. Moreover, the device can consider the influence of various factors such as different specimen materials, specimen height, specimen radius, circular structure surface radius, specimen solid or hollow, corresponding central angle size, torsional shear rate, longitudinal direct shear rate, normal pressure size and position on the two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the ring and longitudinal of the circular structure surface. The torsional part and the longitudinal pressure part provide ring shear and longitudinal shear force respectively, and the lateral pressure mechanism provides normal load to simulate the stress state in a complex service environment. The sensor system such as the double-flange torque sensor, the lateral pressure sensor and the longitudinal pressure sensor can obtain real-time force size.

[0121] In the test method of the application, the internal material A and the external material B can be the same material or two different materials. For the same material, the internal friction angle and cohesion of the single material can be obtained, and for the two different material combination specimen, the two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface can be obtained, which can provide reliable reference for the ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear stress mechanism research, technical construction standard, daily maintenance, repair and repair effect evaluation of the circular structure surface such as pipeline, pile foundation and column and other materials.

[0122] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the application, and does not limit the patent scope of the application. Any equivalent structural transformation, direct / indirect application in other related technical fields based on the inventive concept of the application and the content of the specification and drawings are included in the patent protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A device for a circular structure plane ring, longitudinal two-dimensional shear test, characterized in that, The application relates to a circular structure surface ring-direction and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device. The device comprises a support and a device body arranged in the support; the support is mainly surrounded by a horizontal bottom plate, a top plate and two vertical side plates; the device body comprises a torsion component, a torque measuring component, a test piece shearing component, a lateral rotation pressurizing component, a longitudinal lifting component and a longitudinal pressurizing component; The torsion component is a torsion servo motor, one end of which is fixed vertically on the inner center of the top plate, and the other end is connected with a torsion transmission shaft in the longitudinal direction, and a ring-direction shearing force is applied through the torsion transmission shaft; The torque measuring component is connected with the torsion component and the test piece shearing component and is used for measuring the torque; The test piece shearing component comprises a first shearing assembly and a second shearing assembly; the first shearing assembly is formed by the above-mentioned torsion disc as a top component, the below-mentioned torsion disc as a bottom component, the two components are arranged at a preset distance and are fixedly connected through fixing bolts, and the structure can accommodate internal material A; the second shearing assembly is formed by the below-mentioned guide rail plate as a bottom component and a movable element, and the structure can accommodate external material B; the upper torsion disc is in transmission connection with the torsion transmission shaft, the center of the lower guide rail plate is provided with a first center hole, and the lower torsion disc can move in the ring direction and the longitudinal direction relative to the first center hole; when shearing is generated, the contact surface of the internal material A and the external material B is a shearing surface; The lateral rotation pressurizing component is provided with the below-mentioned guide rail plate as a bearing, is slidably arranged on the two side plates through the below-mentioned guide rail plate and the above-mentioned guide rail plate which is arranged in parallel with the below-mentioned guide rail plate, and is provided with a second center hole on the above-mentioned guide rail plate; the lateral rotation pressurizing component comprises a rotating mechanism and a lateral pressurizing mechanism, the rotating mechanism is used for supporting the lateral pressurizing mechanism and adjusting the pressurizing direction and position of the lateral pressurizing mechanism; the lateral pressurizing mechanism is arranged on the rotating mechanism and is used for applying loads with different directions and sizes to different positions of a test piece; The longitudinal pressurizing component is a longitudinal pressurizing servo motor, one end of which is fixed vertically on the inner center of the bottom plate, and the other end is connected with a longitudinal pressure transmission shaft, and a longitudinal shearing force is applied through the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft; the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft is coaxial with the torsion transmission shaft, and the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft is provided with a longitudinal pressure sensor; The longitudinal lifting component is arranged between the longitudinal pressurizing component and the lower guide rail plate, the bottom of the longitudinal lifting component is in abutment with the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft of the longitudinal pressurizing component through a lifting pressure head, the top of the longitudinal lifting component is connected with the lower guide rail plate, and the longitudinal lifting component is used for conducting the longitudinal shearing force applied by the longitudinal pressurizing servo motor to the lower guide rail plate.

2. The circular structure surface ring-direction and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device according to claim 1, wherein the torque measuring component is a double-flange torque sensor, the upper flange and the lower flange of the double-flange torque sensor are fixedly connected with a fixed disc and a torque transmission disc which are in transmission connection with the torsion transmission shaft respectively, the torque transmission disc is connected with the upper torsion disc of the first shearing assembly through a connecting column, and the torque measuring component is used for measuring the torque.

3. The circular structure surface ring-direction and longitudinal two-dimensional shearing test device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein ​ The rotating mechanism comprises a circular ring-shaped upper guide rail and a circular ring-shaped lower guide rail arranged on the opposite surfaces of the upper guide rail plate and the lower guide rail plate respectively and taking the center of the plate as the center, and movable upper sliders and lower sliders arranged in the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail respectively, wherein the upper sliders and the lower sliders form a slider pair, there are at least one slider pair, each slider pair is connected by a support column, and the support column is perpendicular to the upper slider and the lower slider, so that each slider pair can move synchronously in the upper guide rail and the lower guide rail; the support column is also used for fixing the lateral pressure mechanism, and at least one lateral pressure mechanism can be arranged on each support column; the rotating mechanism can fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the circumferential direction of the test piece, and can also fix at least one lateral pressure mechanism in the longitudinal direction of the test piece.

4. The circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lateral pressure mechanism comprises a lateral pressure motor, a lateral pressure transmission shaft, a lateral pressure sensor and a gasket; the lateral pressure motor is connected with the gasket through the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor is arranged on the lateral pressure transmission shaft, and the lateral pressure motor, the lateral pressure transmission shaft, the lateral pressure sensor and the gasket form an integral whole and are fixed on the support column through the support block.

5. The circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The longitudinal lifting component comprises a lifting plate and a lifting support column, the bottom of the lifting plate abuts against the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft through a lifting pressure head, and the two ends of the lifting support column are connected with the lifting plate and the lower guide rail plate respectively.

6. The circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The center of the lower guide rail plate is provided with a circular clamping groove, the radius of the clamping groove is consistent with the radius of the test piece composed of the internal material A and the external material B, and the center of the clamping groove is coaxial with the first center hole; the clamping groove is used for determining the position of the test piece and fixing the test piece.

7. The circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The torsion servo motor applies a torsional ring shear force by fixing an angular velocity or by fixing a torque; The longitudinal pressure servo motor applies a longitudinal shear force by fixing a pressure or by fixing a displacement.

8. The circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The internal material A is a solid cylinder or a hollow cylinder, and for the hollow cylinder, the hollow part is filled with a high-strength material as an internal limiting component; the external material B is annular.

9. The circular structure surface ring and longitudinal two-dimensional shear test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The lower guide rail plate, the upper guide rail plate and the side plate of the support are slidably connected through the matching structure of the sliding groove and the clamping block; the sliding groove is arranged on the side plate, and the corresponding clamping block is arranged at the two ends of the upper guide rail plate and the lower guide rail plate; or the clamping block is arranged on the side plate, and the sliding groove is arranged at the two ends of the upper guide rail plate and the lower guide rail plate.

10. A method for testing the circular structural plane in the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear using the apparatus for testing the circular structural plane in the circumferential and longitudinal two-dimensional shear according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Specifically comprising the following steps: S1, the internal material A, external material B is made into a cylindrical specimen, the cylindrical specimen axis is aligned with the axis of the first center hole of the lower guide plate, the lower torsion disc is placed in the first center hole, the part of the internal material A is fixed in the first shear assembly composed of the lower torsion disc and the upper torsion disc, and the part of the external material B is fixed in the second shear assembly composed of the lower guide plate and the movable element; S2, for the specimen needing lateral pressure, first adjust the lifting pressure head of the longitudinal pressure component to lightly contact the lifting plate, then set the number of lateral pressure mechanisms according to the needs, and adjust the position and pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanism through the rotating mechanism, the pressure direction of the lateral pressure mechanism points to the axis of the specimen, and strict normal load is applied; start the lateral pressure motor, and the gasket directly acts on the outer wall of the specimen to apply the required lateral load to the specimen; then start the torsion servo motor and the longitudinal pressure servo motor at the same time, the upper torsion disc is the top component of the first shear assembly, and the internal material A of the first shear assembly is rotated relative to the external material B of the second shear assembly under the driving of the torsion transmission shaft through the torsion servo motor, so that the materials A and B are subjected to circumferential shear along the contact surface between them in a suitable loading mode; at the same time, the internal material A of the first shear assembly is longitudinally moved relative to the external material B of the second shear assembly under the driving of the longitudinal pressure transmission shaft through the longitudinal pressure servo motor, so that the materials A and B are subjected to longitudinal shear along the contact surface between them in a suitable loading mode; for the specimen not needing lateral pressure, an external limiting component in the form of a cylinder is set outside the fixed specimen, and then the torsion servo motor and the longitudinal pressure servo motor are started at the same time to simultaneously subject the materials A and B to circumferential shear and longitudinal shear along the contact surface between them in a suitable loading mode; S3, the double-flange torque sensor, the longitudinal pressure sensor and the lateral pressure sensor respectively obtain the real-time force, and the two-dimensional shear mechanical properties of the circular structure surface are obtained through the measured force under different parameter conditions.

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