Electrical switch and high-voltage electrical switch cabinet

Abstract

The application discloses an electrical switch and a high-voltage switch cabinet device, and relates to the technical field of electrical switches, and particularly relates to an electrical switch and a high-voltage switch cabinet device. The electrical switch comprises a shell, a static contact, a dynamic contact, a first permanent magnet, an elastic pre-tightening component, a first spring, an iron core, an electromagnetic coil, a judging mechanism, a guide sleeve, a follow-up shaft, a follow-up plug, a second permanent magnet and an electromagnetic induction sensor. The guide sleeve is transversely arranged in a region of the shell opposite to the second permanent magnet. The follow-up shaft is arranged in the guide sleeve and is configured to follow the first permanent magnet. The follow-up plug is arranged in the guide sleeve, and the second permanent magnet is fixedly arranged on the follow-up plug. The electromagnetic induction sensor is arranged outside the guide sleeve and corresponds to an axial movement range of the follow-up plug. A margin hole is arranged in the follow-up plug, a connecting rod is formed on the follow-up shaft, an end of the connecting rod is formed with an end head, the end head is inserted into the margin hole and is limited in the margin hole, and the margin hole allows the end head to have a certain stroke in the margin hole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power equipment technology, and more particularly to an electrical switch in a high-voltage switchgear. Background Technology

[0002] The electrical switches in the high-voltage electrical cabinet need to be automatically controlled to open and close. In order to avoid the generation of high-voltage arcs between the contacts as much as possible, the components of the electrical switch are encapsulated in a sealed housing and filled with inert gas.

[0003] An electrical switch is disclosed in the prior art. The electrical switch includes a sealed housing, a moving contact, a stationary contact, an electromagnetic coil, a spring, an elastic preload component, a first permanent magnet, and a moving shaft. All components are encapsulated within the housing. The stationary contact extends through the top of the housing and into the housing. The moving contact is located below the stationary contact. The first permanent magnet is located below the moving contact. The electromagnetic coil is located below the first permanent magnet. The moving shaft passes through the first permanent magnet and the electromagnetic coil and extends into the lower cylindrical portion of the housing. The upper end of the moving shaft is connected to the first permanent magnet. The spring is used to push the first permanent magnet downward. The elastic preload component is located between the first permanent magnet and the moving contact.

[0004] When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the electromagnetic coil exerts an upward repulsive force on the first permanent magnet, causing the first permanent magnet to push upward against the moving contact, so that the moving contact comes into contact with the stationary contact, thereby closing the switch. At this time, the elastic preload component not only provides elastic force to keep the moving contact and the stationary contact in contact, but also provides a buffer at the moment the moving contact and the stationary contact come into contact.

[0005] When the power supply to the electromagnetic coil is stopped, the electromagnetic coil releases the magnetic force on the first permanent magnet, and the spring pushes the first permanent magnet downward to drive the moving contact downward and away from the stationary contact, thereby opening the switch.

[0006] It is easy to understand that when an electrical switch is in the open state, the use of inert gas cannot completely prevent the generation of a high-voltage arc between the stationary and moving contacts. After the generation of a high-voltage arc, a bridge may form between the moving and stationary contacts, that is, the moving and stationary contacts will be in a welded state. This welded state will keep the electrical switch in the closed state. However, because the electrical switch is closed, the staff will not be aware of this situation. If the staff mistakenly believe that the electrical switch is in the open state because they have stopped switching the electromagnetic coil, and operate the relevant equipment, it may cause a very serious safety accident.

[0007] Therefore, in the prior art, a second permanent magnet is installed at the lower end of the moving shaft, and a sensor with electromagnetic induction function, such as a Hall sensor, is installed on the outside of the cylinder corresponding to the second permanent magnet. Using this setup, the following method can be used to determine whether the moving contact and the stationary contact have been welded together by an electric arc:

[0008] When the electromagnetic coil is energized, if the control center receives an electrical signal from the Hall sensor, it indicates that the second permanent magnet has generated axial movement with the moving shaft, which means that the moving contact and the stationary contact have not been welded. If no electrical signal from the Hall sensor is received, it indicates that the moving shaft has not generated axial movement, which means that the moving contact and the stationary contact have been welded.

[0009] However, this method is still prone to misjudgment because:

[0010] On the one hand, even if the moving contact and the stationary contact have been welded, the moving shaft can still move slightly because there is an elastic pre-tightening component between the moving contact and the first permanent magnet. On the other hand, the Hall sensor can still sense the slight movement of the second permanent magnet with the moving shaft, thus causing a false judgment that the moving contact and the stationary contact have not been welded. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide an electrical switch and a high-voltage switchgear device.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the embodiments of the present invention is as follows:

[0013] An electrical switch, comprising:

[0014] A shell having a closed internal cavity;

[0015] The stationary contact comprises two, both of which extend from the top of the housing into the inner cavity of the housing;

[0016] A moving contact is disposed below the stationary contact, and the moving contact can simultaneously contact or separate from the two stationary contacts through axial movement;

[0017] A first permanent magnet is disposed below the moving contact;

[0018] An elastic preload component is disposed between the moving contact and the first permanent magnet;

[0019] A first spring is used to push the first permanent magnet downwards;

[0020] An iron core is disposed below the first permanent magnet;

[0021] An electromagnetic coil is installed outside the iron core. By energizing the electromagnetic coil, a spring force is applied to the first permanent magnet, causing the first permanent magnet to drive the moving contact to abut against the stationary contact. After the energization of the electromagnetic coil is removed, the first spring pushes the first permanent magnet downward, causing the moving contact to separate from the stationary contact.

[0022] The judgment mechanism includes a guide sleeve, a follower shaft, a follower plug, a second permanent magnet, and an electromagnetic induction sensor;

[0023] The guide sleeve is laterally disposed in the region of the housing opposite to the second permanent magnet;

[0024] The follower shaft is disposed in the guide sleeve, and the follower shaft is configured to follow the first permanent magnet.

[0025] The follower plug is disposed in the guide sleeve, and the second permanent magnet is fixedly sleeved on the follower plug;

[0026] An electromagnetic induction sensor is sleeved outside the guide sleeve and corresponds to the axial movement range of the follower plug; wherein:

[0027] The follower plug has a margin hole, the follower shaft forms a connecting rod, the end of the connecting rod forms an end, the end extends into the margin hole and is confined in the margin hole, the margin hole allows the end to have a certain stroke therein.

[0028] Preferably, the housing includes a columnar guide portion at the lower part and an expansion portion at the upper part; a mandrel is provided at the bottom of the housing; wherein:

[0029] Both the first permanent magnet and the iron core are located in the guide portion, and the mandrel passes through the first permanent magnet and the iron core;

[0030] The first permanent magnet has a vertically extending guide groove with an inclined surface on the side facing the follower shaft. A ball is disposed between the guide groove and the follower shaft. When the first permanent magnet moves axially, the inclined surface of the guide groove causes the ball to move laterally to drive the follower shaft to move axially along the guide sleeve.

[0031] Preferably, the judging mechanism further includes a second spring and a third spring;

[0032] The second spring is disposed in the guide sleeve to push the follower shaft toward the direction of the first permanent magnet;

[0033] A retaining ring is provided in the guide sleeve, and the third spring is disposed between the tail of the guide sleeve and the follower plug so that the follower plug abuts against the retaining ring.

[0034] Preferably, a step is formed at the upper end of the mandrel, a stop portion is formed inside the first permanent magnet, and the first spring is sleeved on the mandrel and located between the step and the stop portion.

[0035] Preferably, the elastic preload component is a disc with a wavy cross-section.

[0036] Preferably, a connecting disk is provided between the first permanent magnet and the moving contact; wherein:

[0037] The connecting plate has a central hole in the middle, and a screw is formed at the bottom of the moving contact. The screw passes through the central hole and an adjusting nut is fitted on the screw.

[0038] The elastic preload component is disposed between the moving contact and the connecting plate.

[0039] Preferably, the stationary contact is fitted with a protective sleeve made of ceramic material with an open lower end, the stationary contact has a stepped structure, and a fourth spring is fitted above the protective sleeve, the fourth spring pushing downward against the retaining sleeve.

[0040] Preferably, the electromagnetic induction sensor is a Hall sensor.

[0041] The present invention also discloses a high-voltage switchgear device, wherein the high-voltage switchgear device is equipped with the above-mentioned electrical switch.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the electrical switch disclosed in this invention are:

[0043] By adding a judgment mechanism and setting a margin hole in the follower plug of the judgment mechanism, and making the follower shaft cooperate with the margin hole, it is possible to effectively avoid misjudgment by the staff caused by the micro-movement of the elastic preload component.

[0044] It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and illustrative only, and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0045] The overview of various implementations or examples of the technology described in this invention is not a complete disclosure of the full scope or all features of the disclosed technology. Attached Figure Description

[0046] In drawings that are not necessarily drawn to scale, the same reference numerals may describe similar parts in different views. The same reference numerals with or without letter suffixes may indicate different instances of similar parts. The drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example rather than limitation and, together with the description and claims, serve to explain embodiments of the invention. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used in all drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the apparatus or method.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a state view of an electrical switch when it is closed, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A.

[0049] Figure 3 A state view of an electrical switch when it is open, provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of part B.

[0051] Figure label:

[0052] 10-Housing; 11-Cylinder; 12-Expansion section; 13-Mandrel; 131-Step; 20-Electromagnetic coil; 21-Iron core; 30-First permanent magnet; 31-Guide groove; 32-Stop section; 40-Moving contact; 41-Connecting disc; 411-Center hole; 42-Screw; 43-Adjusting nut; 50-Stationary contact; 51-Protective sleeve; 52-Step; 53-Fourth spring; 60-Elastic preload component; 70-First spring; 80-Judgment mechanism; 81-Guide sleeve; 82-Follower shaft; 821-Connecting rod; 822-End; 823-End cover; 83-Spherical body; 84-Follower plug; 841-Margin hole; 85-Second permanent magnet; 86-Electromagnetic induction sensor; 87-Second spring; 88-Third spring. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0054] To keep the following description of the embodiments of the present invention clear and concise, detailed descriptions of known functions and known components are omitted.

[0055] Embodiments of the present invention disclose an electrical switch, which is particularly suitable for high-voltage switchgear equipment insulated by inert gas.

[0056] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the electrical switch includes: a housing 10, a stationary contact 50, a moving contact 40, a connecting plate 41, a first permanent magnet 30, a first spring 70, an iron core 21, an electromagnetic coil 20, an elastic preload component 60, and a judgment mechanism 80.

[0057] The housing 10 is configured as a stepped structure 52 with a larger upper part and a smaller lower part. That is, the housing 10 includes a guide part located at the lower part and an expansion part 12 located at the upper part, and the housing 10 is sealed so that the inert gas filled into the inner cavity of the housing 10 will not leak.

[0058] The stationary contact 50 includes two, which extend from the top of the expansion portion 12 of the housing 10 into the interior of the housing 10, and the upper end of the stationary contact 50 is connected to the high voltage circuit.

[0059] The moving contact 40 is configured in a disc-shaped structure. It is located below the stationary contact 50 and within the expansion portion 12. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the moving contact 40 moves upward and simultaneously comes into contact with the two stationary contacts 50, thereby closing the switch. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the moving contact 40 separates from the two stationary contacts 50 by moving downwards, thereby turning off the switch.

[0060] The connecting plate 41 is located below the moving contact 40. The lower end of the connecting part extends toward the cylindrical part 11, and the upper end of the connecting plate 41 is opposite to the moving contact 40. A central hole 411 is provided at the bottom of the connecting plate 41, and a screw 42 is provided at the bottom of the moving contact 40. The screw 42 passes downward through the central hole 411, and an adjusting nut 43 is fitted on the screw 42, so that the moving contact 40 is connected to the connecting part.

[0061] An elastic preload component 60 is disposed between the connecting disc 41 and the moving contact 40. This component provides a certain preload to the stationary contact 50 when the moving contact 40 contacts it, and provides cushioning for both contacts at the moment of contact. Preferably, the elastic preload component 60 is configured as a disc with a wavy cross-section, which facilitates uniform force distribution on the moving contact 40, ensuring close contact between the moving contact 40 and both stationary contacts 50. Furthermore, the distance between the connecting disc 41 and the moving contact 40 can be adjusted by turning the adjusting nut 43, thereby adjusting the preload of the elastic preload component 60.

[0062] The first permanent magnet 30 is disposed below the connecting disk 41, and the lower end of the connecting disk 41 is screwed onto the upper end of the first permanent magnet 30. The first permanent magnet 30 is located in the cylindrical portion 11 and is configured to be able to move axially.

[0063] The iron core 21 is disposed below the first permanent magnet 30 and located in the cylindrical portion 11. The iron core 21 is fixedly connected to the cylindrical portion 11. The upper outer periphery of the iron core 21 forms an annular mounting space with the cylindrical portion 11, and the electromagnetic coil 20 is installed in this annular mounting space. Figure 3 As shown, by energizing the electromagnetic coil 20, the electromagnetic coil 20 applies a magnetic repulsive force to the first permanent magnet 30, thereby driving the first permanent magnet 30 to move the moving contact 40 upward and make contact with the moving contact 40, thereby closing the switch.

[0064] A spindle 13 is vertically mounted at the bottom of the cylindrical section 11. An iron core 21 and a first permanent magnet 30 pass through the spindle 13. A step 131 is provided at the upper end of the spindle 13. A stop portion 32 is formed within the first permanent magnet 30. A first spring 70 is sleeved on the spindle 13 and positioned between the step 131 and the stop portion 32. Thus, as... Figure 1 As shown, when the power supply to the electromagnetic coil 20 is stopped, the first spring 70 applies a downward elastic force to the first permanent magnet 30, causing the first permanent magnet 30 to drive the moving contact 40 away from the stationary contact 50, thereby opening the switch.

[0065] The judgment mechanism 80 added in this invention is horizontally placed on the outer side of the cylindrical part 11 corresponding to the first permanent magnet 30. The judgment mechanism 80 includes: guide sleeve 81, follower shaft 82, follower plug 84, second permanent magnet 85, second spring 87, third spring 88, retaining ring, ball 83, and electromagnetic induction sensor 86.

[0066] The first permanent magnet 30 has an axially extending guide groove 31 on its outer periphery facing the judgment mechanism 80, and the lower end of the guide groove 31 has a bevel. The guide sleeve 81 is placed horizontally in the cylindrical part 11 and is sealed to the cylindrical part 11 to prevent inert gas leakage. The follower shaft 82 is disposed in the guide sleeve 81 and can slide laterally along the axial direction of the guide sleeve 81. A ball 83 is disposed between the follower shaft 82 and the guide groove 31 of the first permanent magnet 30. The second spring 87 is disposed in the guide sleeve 81 and located behind the follower shaft 82. The second spring 87 is used to push the follower shaft 82 toward the first permanent magnet 30 so that the follower shaft 82 is always in contact with the first permanent magnet 30 through the ball 83.

[0067] A follower plug 84 is disposed in the guide sleeve 81 and located behind the follower shaft 82. A second permanent magnet 85 is configured in an annular shape and fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the follower plug 84. A retaining ring is disposed on the front side of the follower plug 84 and is used to limit the follower plug 84. A third spring 88 is disposed between the follower plug 84 and the tail of the guide sleeve 81 to apply a spring force to the follower plug 84 in the direction of the first permanent magnet 30. An electromagnetic induction sensor 86 is disposed on the outside of the guide sleeve 81 at the axial position of the retaining ring. If the second permanent magnet 85 moves axially with the follower plug 84, the electromagnetic induction sensor 86 can sense an electrical signal. Preferably, the electromagnetic induction sensor 86 is a Hall sensor.

[0068] In this invention, a margin hole 841 is provided on the follower plug 84. The margin hole 841 is a blind hole facing the follower shaft 82. A connecting rod 821 is formed on the rear side of the follower shaft 82. The head of the connecting rod 821 forms an end 822. The end 822 extends into the margin hole 841 and is limited by a fixed end cap 823. Thus, the end 822 has a certain amount of movement in the margin hole 841, so that the follower shaft 82 will not drive the follower plug 84 when it moves axially within the amount of movement.

[0069] The working process of the above-mentioned electrical switch is described below:

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, when the electromagnetic coil 20 is not energized, the first spring 70 applies a spring force to the first permanent magnet 30, causing the moving contact 40 to remain separated from the stationary contact 50. At this time, the electrical switch is in the off state. In the judgment mechanism 80, the second spring 87 applies a spring force to the follower shaft 82, causing the follower shaft 82 to be located at the rightmost position. The third spring 88 applies a spring force to the follower plug 84, causing the follower plug 84 to abut against the retaining ring. Both the follower plug 84 and the follower shaft 82 are in a stationary state, and the electromagnetic induction sensor 86 does not emit an electrical signal.

[0071] If the moving contact 40 and the stationary contact 50 are in a separated state and no welding occurs due to the electric arc, when energizing the electromagnetic coil 20, as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the electromagnetic coil 20 generates a magnetic repulsion force on the first permanent magnet 30, causing the moving contact 40 to move upward and contact the two stationary contacts 50. At this time, the electrical switch switches to the closed state. Simultaneously, the inclined surface of the guide groove 31 forces the ball 83 and the follower shaft 82 to move towards the tail of the guide sleeve 81. Due to the large displacement, the follower shaft 82 drives the follower plug 84 through the connecting rod 821 to drive the second permanent magnet 85 to move towards the tail, thereby causing the electromagnetic induction sensor 86 to sense an electrical signal.

[0072] If the moving contact 40 and the stationary contact 50, which are in a separated state, are welded together by an electric arc, when the electromagnetic coil 20 is energized, although the moving contact 40 cannot move because of the weld between the moving contact 40 and the stationary contact 50, the first permanent magnet 30 still produces axial micro-movement because the connecting disc 41 and the moving contact 40 have an elastic pre-tightening component 60. This micro-movement is synchronously transmitted to the follower shaft 82.

[0073] However, since there is a certain allowable stroke between the end 822 of the connecting rod 821 of the follower shaft 82 and the margin hole 841, the follower shaft 82 cannot drive the follower plug 84 to make micro-movements. Therefore, the electromagnetic induction sensor 86 will not generate an electrical signal. At this time, it can be determined that a weld has formed between the moving contact 40 and the stationary contact 50, and the electrical switch has short-circuited. The electrical switch is damaged in a short-circuit state.

[0074] In some preferred embodiments, a protective sleeve 51 made of ceramic material with an open lower end is fitted onto the stationary contact 50. A step 52 is formed on the stationary contact 50. A fourth spring 53 is fitted above the protective sleeve 51, and the fourth spring 53 pushes downward against the retaining sleeve. When the moving contact 40 and the stationary contact 50 are in a separated state, the protective sleeve 51 can effectively reduce the arc generated between the moving contact 40 and the stationary contact 50.

[0075] The present invention also discloses a high-voltage switchgear device including the electrical switch.

[0076] The advantages of the electrical switch provided by this invention are:

[0077] By adding a judgment mechanism 80 and setting a margin hole 841 in the follower plug 84 in the judgment mechanism 80, and making the follower shaft 82 cooperate with the margin hole 841, it is possible to effectively avoid misjudgment by the staff caused by the micro-movement of the elastic preload component 60.

[0078] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within its spirit and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered to fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrical switch, characterized by include: A housing having a closed inner cavity; two stationary contacts, each extending from the top of the housing into the inner cavity; a moving contact disposed below the stationary contacts, the moving contact simultaneously contacting or separating from the two stationary contacts through axial movement; a first permanent magnet disposed below the moving contact; an elastic preload component disposed between the moving contact and the first permanent magnet; a first spring for pushing downward against the first permanent magnet; an iron core disposed below the first permanent magnet; and an electromagnetic wire. A coil, installed outside the iron core, applies a spring force to the first permanent magnet by energizing the electromagnetic coil, causing the first permanent magnet to drive the moving contact to abut against the stationary contact. After the energization of the electromagnetic coil is removed, the first spring pushes the first permanent magnet downward, causing the moving contact to separate from the stationary contact. A judging mechanism includes a guide sleeve, a follower shaft, a follower plug, a second permanent magnet, and an electromagnetic induction sensor. The guide sleeve is laterally positioned in the area of ​​the housing opposite the second permanent magnet. The follower shaft is disposed within the guide sleeve, and the... The follower shaft is configured to move in tandem with the first permanent magnet; the follower plug is disposed in the guide sleeve, and the second permanent magnet is fixedly sleeved on the follower plug; an electromagnetic induction sensor is sleeved outside the guide sleeve and corresponds to the axial movement range of the follower plug; wherein: a margin hole is provided at the follower plug, the follower shaft forms a connecting rod, the end of the connecting rod forms an end head, the end head extends into and is confined in the margin hole, the margin hole allows the end head to have a certain stroke therein; the housing includes a position The housing has a columnar guide portion at the bottom and an expansion portion at the top; a mandrel is provided at the bottom of the housing; wherein: the first permanent magnet and the iron core are both located in the guide portion, and the mandrel passes through the first permanent magnet and the iron core; the first permanent magnet has a vertically extending guide groove with an inclined surface on the side facing the follower shaft, and a ball is provided between the guide groove and the follower shaft. When the first permanent magnet moves axially, the inclined surface of the guide groove causes the ball to move laterally to drive the follower shaft to move axially along the guide sleeve.

2. The electrical switch of claim 1, wherein, The judgment mechanism further includes a second spring and a third spring; the second spring is disposed in the guide sleeve to push the follower shaft in the direction of the first permanent magnet; a retaining ring is disposed in the guide sleeve, and the third spring is disposed between the tail of the guide sleeve and the follower plug so that the follower plug abuts against the retaining ring.

3. The electrical switch of claim 1, wherein, The upper end of the mandrel has a step, the inside of the first permanent magnet has a stop portion, and the first spring is sleeved on the mandrel and located between the step and the stop portion.

4. The electrical switch of claim 1, wherein, The elastic preload component is a disc with a wavy cross-section.

5. The electrical switch of claim 1, wherein, A connecting disc is arranged between the first permanent magnet and the movable contact; wherein: a center hole is formed in the middle of the connecting disc, a screw rod is formed at the bottom of the movable contact, the screw rod penetrates the center hole, and an adjusting nut is sleeved on the screw rod; the elastic pre-tightening component is arranged between the movable contact and the connecting disc.

6. The electrical switch of claim 1, wherein, A protective sleeve made of ceramic material is sleeved on the static contact, the static contact is formed with a step, a fourth spring is sleeved above the protective sleeve, and the fourth spring pushes downward against the protective sleeve.

7. The electrical switch of claim 1, wherein, The electromagnetic induction sensor is a Hall sensor.

8. A high voltage switchgear apparatus, characterized by, The high-voltage switch cabinet device is internally provided with the electrical switch as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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