A hydrogen accommodation system for a fuel cell vehicle

Abstract

The present application relates to hydrogen supply technology of fuel cell vehicle, especially to a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system, comprising a hydrogen storage branch and a hydrogen quality detection branch, the hydrogen storage branch and the hydrogen quality detection branch are communicated with a hydrogen filling port, the hydrogen storage branch and the hydrogen quality detection branch are communicated with a power battery stack. When the hydrogen of hydrogen refueling station does not participate in hydrogen sampling detection, the routine hydrogen storage filling can be completed through the hydrogen storage branch; when the hydrogen of hydrogen refueling station needs to be sampled and detected, the weighing of hydrogen particulate matter and the detection of gaseous impurities can be completed through the hydrogen quality detection branch, and no matter the hydrogen collected by the hydrogen storage branch or the hydrogen detected by the hydrogen quality detection branch, the hydrogen can be used to provide power for the power battery stack of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle power supply system, effectively solving the safety problem caused by the direct combustion treatment of the collected hydrogen, and the collected hydrogen can be used as the energy supply of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle stack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen supply technology for fuel cell vehicles, and in particular to a hydrogen consumption system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Fuel cell vehicles are a new type of engine vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel, and ensuring the quality of hydrogen is a fundamental condition for the healthy development and large-scale application of the hydrogen energy and fuel cell vehicle industry.

[0003] The types and concentrations of impurities in hydrogen are determined by a combination of factors, including raw materials, processing methods, purification technologies, transportation methods, refueling equipment and processes, and operational standardization. Furthermore, the analysis and detection of trace and minor impurities in hydrogen face significant challenges due to the long processes involved in hydrogen production, storage, transportation, and refueling; the complex sources of impurities; and the fact that large-scale industrial hydrogen production may not meet the quality requirements for fuel cell vehicles.

[0004] In existing technologies, the development of mobile hydrogen quality testing equipment is progressing systematically to ensure effective and rapid traceability of hydrogen quality. Based on the vehicle-mounted component for mobile hydrogen testing, and considering low-carbon consumption, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are typically chosen as the onboard unit. When the mobile testing unit weighs particulate matter, hydrogen exhaust is emitted; and when gaseous impurities in hydrogen enter the gaseous impurity detection system, hydrogen discharged from the branch line is also emitted as exhaust. However, since hydrogen is a hazardous chemical, indiscriminate discharge is prohibited, and the exhaust is generally collected and centrally burned. However, both hydrogen venting and centralized combustion pose certain safety hazards and result in the waste of hydrogen energy.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a hydrogen consumption system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydrogen consumption system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. This system not only effectively solves the safety problems caused by direct combustion of collected hydrogen, but also allows the collected hydrogen to be used as an energy supply for the fuel cell stack of hydrogen fuel cells, thereby consuming the hydrogen.

[0007] This invention provides a hydrogen consumption system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, including a hydrogen storage branch and a hydrogen quality detection branch.

[0008] The hydrogen storage branch and the hydrogen quality detection branch are connected to the hydrogen filling port via a three-way valve, and the ends of the hydrogen storage branch and the hydrogen quality detection branch are connected to the power battery stack.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the hydrogen quality detection branch includes a particulate matter weighing branch and a gaseous impurity detection branch, wherein the particulate matter weighing branch and the gaseous impurity detection branch are connected in parallel, and a hydrogen buffer tank is provided at the end of the particulate matter weighing branch, the hydrogen buffer tank being connected to the power battery stack; and a mixed exhaust gas treatment device is provided at the end of the gaseous impurity detection branch.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, the gaseous impurity detection branch includes a detection branch and a diversion branch, wherein the detection branch and the diversion branch are connected in parallel, the end of the diversion branch is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank, and the end of the detection branch is connected to the mixed exhaust gas treatment device.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a hydrogen storage cylinder is provided on the hydrogen storage branch, a first one-way valve is provided between the hydrogen storage cylinder and the three-way valve, and a first control valve is provided between the hydrogen storage cylinder and the power battery stack.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a particulate matter weighing device is provided on the particulate matter weighing branch, and a second one-way valve and a third one-way valve are respectively provided at both ends of the particulate matter weighing device; a first pressure gauge is also provided at the end of the particulate matter weighing branch near the air inlet of the particulate matter weighing device.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a gaseous impurity detection device is provided on the detection branch, and the end of the gaseous impurity detection device is connected to the mixed exhaust gas treatment device.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a second pressure gauge is provided at the end of the detection branch near the air inlet of the gaseous impurity detection device, and a second control valve and a third control valve are respectively provided at the ends of the detection branch and the diversion branch near the three-way valve.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a fourth one-way valve is provided at one end of the hydrogen buffer tank that is connected to the particulate matter weighing branch and the diversion branch, and a fourth control valve is provided between the hydrogen buffer tank and the power battery stack.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, a purification device is also included, which is disposed between the fourth control valve and the power battery stack.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of this technical solution, it further includes a human-machine interaction module, which is used to control the opening and closing of the three-way valve, the first one-way valve, the second one-way valve, the third one-way valve, the fourth one-way valve, the first control valve, the second control valve, the third control valve, and the fourth control valve.

[0018] The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system of the present invention has at least the following technical effects:

[0019] The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system of this invention includes a hydrogen storage branch and a hydrogen quality detection branch. The front ends of both branches are connected to the hydrogen refueling port, and their ends are connected to the power battery stack. When the hydrogen at the refueling station is not subject to hydrogen sampling and testing, conventional hydrogen storage and refueling can be completed through the hydrogen storage branch. When hydrogen samples at the refueling station require sampling and testing, the hydrogen quality detection branch is used to weigh particulate matter and detect gaseous impurities. Both the hydrogen collected by the storage branch and the hydrogen that passes the quality detection branch can be used to power the power battery stack of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle's power system. This not only effectively solves the safety problems caused by direct combustion of collected hydrogen but also allows the collected hydrogen to be used as an energy source for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle's stack, thus achieving hydrogen consumption. The hydrogen exhaust gas generated during quality testing is also recycled and reused. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen consumption system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 1: Hydrogen storage branch; 2: Three-way valve; 3: Hydrogen filling port; 4: Power battery stack; 5: Particulate matter weighing branch; 6: Hydrogen buffer tank; 7: Mixed exhaust gas treatment device; 8: Detection branch; 9: Diversion branch; 10: Hydrogen storage cylinder; 11: First check valve; 12: First control valve; 13: Particulate matter weighing device; 14: Second check valve; 15: Third check valve; 16: First pressure gauge; 17: Gaseous impurity detection device; 18: Second pressure gauge; 19: Second control valve; 20: Third control valve; 21: Fourth check valve; 22: Fourth control valve; 23: Purification device; 24: Human-machine interface module. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0026] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they may refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they may refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydrogen consumption system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, including a hydrogen storage branch 1 and a hydrogen quality detection branch. The hydrogen storage branch 1 and the hydrogen quality detection branch are connected to a hydrogen filling port 3 via a three-way valve 2, and the ends of the hydrogen storage branch 1 and the hydrogen quality detection branch are connected to a power battery stack 4.

[0028] When the hydrogen at the hydrogen refueling station is not involved in hydrogen sampling and testing, routine hydrogen storage and refueling can be completed through hydrogen storage branch 1. When the hydrogen sample at the hydrogen refueling station needs to be sampled and tested, the hydrogen particulate matter weighing and gaseous impurity testing are completed through the hydrogen quality testing branch. Both the hydrogen collected by hydrogen storage branch 1 and the hydrogen that has passed the hydrogen quality testing branch can be used to provide power to the power battery stack 4 of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle power system. This not only effectively solves the hidden dangers caused by directly venting or burning hydrogen after collection, but also allows the collected hydrogen to be used as an energy supply for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle stack, thus making use of the hydrogen.

[0029] Based on the above technical solution, the hydrogen quality detection branch specifically includes a particulate matter weighing branch 5 and a gaseous impurity detection branch, wherein the particulate matter weighing branch 5 and the gaseous impurity detection branch are arranged in parallel, and a hydrogen buffer tank 6 is provided at the end of the particulate matter weighing branch 5, and the hydrogen buffer tank 6 is connected to the power battery stack 4; a mixed exhaust gas treatment device 7 is provided at the end of the gaseous impurity detection branch.

[0030] The particulate matter weighing branch 5 and the gaseous impurity detection branch are connected in parallel. The particulate matter weighing branch 5 is used to detect the amount of particulate matter in hydrogen, while the gaseous impurity detection branch is used to detect gaseous impurities in hydrogen. When the hydrogen sample from the hydrogen refueling station needs to be weighed for particulate matter, the hydrogen filling port 3 is connected to the particulate matter weighing branch 5 to complete the particulate matter weighing; when the hydrogen sample from the hydrogen refueling station needs to be tested for the presence of gaseous impurities, the hydrogen filling port 3 is connected to the gaseous impurity detection branch to complete the gaseous impurity detection.

[0031] In addition, a hydrogen buffer tank 6 is installed at the end of the particulate matter weighing branch 5. The hydrogen exhaust gas generated by particulate matter weighing can directly enter the hydrogen buffer tank 6, and the hydrogen is supplied to the power battery stack 4 through the hydrogen buffer tank 6 to dissipate the hydrogen. At the end of the gas impurity detection branch, a mixed exhaust gas treatment device 7 is installed. The exhaust gas generated by gaseous impurity detection can directly enter the mixed exhaust gas treatment device 7 for treatment, thereby detecting the safety hazards caused by exhaust gas discharge.

[0032] Based on the above technical solution, and further preferably, the gaseous impurity detection branch includes a detection branch 8 and a diversion branch 9, wherein the detection branch 8 and the diversion branch 9 are arranged in parallel, the end of the diversion branch 9 is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank 6, and the end of the detection branch 8 is connected to the mixed tail gas treatment device 7.

[0033] When gaseous hydrogen impurities enter the gaseous impurity detection branch, to match the pressure of the detection system, the hydrogen sample at the hydrogen filling port 3 is diverted through the detection branch 8 and the diversion branch 9. The end of the diversion branch 9 is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank 6, which supplies hydrogen to the power battery stack 4 to absorb the hydrogen generated in the diversion branch 9. The exhaust gas generated by the gaseous impurity detection in the detection branch 8 can be directly treated in the mixed exhaust gas treatment device 7.

[0034] In another specific embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen storage cylinder 10 is provided on the hydrogen storage branch 1, a first one-way valve 11 is provided between the hydrogen storage cylinder 10 and the three-way valve 2, and a first control valve 12 is provided between the hydrogen storage cylinder 10 and the power battery stack 4.

[0035] When the hydrogen at the hydrogen refueling station is not involved in hydrogen sampling and testing, ensure that the three-way valve 2 and the first one-way valve 11 leading to the hydrogen storage branch 1 are in the "on" position, and all other valves are in the "off" position. Connect the hydrogen refueling nozzle to the hydrogen filling port 3 to complete the conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicle refueling operation. Then, restore the three-way valve 2 and the first one-way valve 11 leading to the hydrogen storage branch 1 to the "off" position, leaving all other valves unchanged.

[0036] A particulate matter weighing device 13 is provided on the particulate matter weighing branch 5. A second one-way valve 14 and a third one-way valve 15 are respectively provided at both ends of the particulate matter weighing branch 5. A first pressure gauge 16 is also provided at the end of the particulate matter weighing branch 5 near the air inlet of the particulate matter weighing device 13.

[0037] A gaseous impurity detection device 17 is installed on the detection branch 8, and the end of the gaseous impurity detection device 17 is connected to the mixed exhaust gas treatment device 7. A second pressure gauge 18 is installed at the end of the detection branch 8 near the inlet of the gaseous impurity detection device 17. A second control valve 19 and a third control valve 20 are respectively installed at the ends of the detection branch 8 and the diversion branch 9 near the three-way valve 2.

[0038] A fourth one-way valve 21 is provided at one end of the hydrogen buffer tank 6 that is connected to the particulate matter weighing branch 5 and the diversion branch 9, and a fourth control valve 22 is provided between the hydrogen buffer tank 6 and the power battery stack 4.

[0039] When particulate matter testing is required for hydrogen at the hydrogen refueling station, firstly, ensure that the three-way valve 2, the second one-way valve 14, the third one-way valve 15, and the fourth one-way valve 21 leading to the particulate matter weighing branch 5 are in the "on" position, while all other pipelines are in the "off" position. During testing, the gas sample passes sequentially through the three-way valve 2, the second one-way valve 14, the first pressure gauge 16, and the particulate matter weighing device 13. The exhaust gas generated after particulate matter weighing passes through the third one-way valve 15 and the fourth one-way valve 21, storing the hydrogen exhaust gas in the hydrogen buffer tank 6. After the test is completed, restore the three-way valve 2, the second one-way valve 14, the third one-way valve 15, and the fourth one-way valve 21 to the "off" position, while keeping the others unchanged.

[0040] When the hydrogen at the hydrogen refueling station needs to be tested for gaseous impurities, firstly, ensure that the three-way valve 2, the second control valve 19, the third control valve 20, and the fourth check valve 21 leading to the particulate matter weighing branch 5 are in the "on" position, while other pipelines are in the "off" position. During testing, connect the hydrogen sample to the gaseous impurity detection branch 8, adjust the opening of the second control valve 19 and the third control valve 20, and observe the reading of the second pressure gauge 18 to ensure that the gas flow rate meets the pressure required by the gaseous impurity detection device 17. Then, open the fourth check valve 21 to store the gas from the branch 9 into the hydrogen buffer tank 6, and simultaneously open the mixed tail gas treatment device 7. After completing the gaseous impurity sample injection, first stop the hydrogen injection at the hydrogen filling port 3, and then turn off the three-way valve controller, the second control valve 19, the third control valve 20, and the fourth check valve 21.

[0041] Finally, after the sampling and testing of hydrogen samples from the hydrogen refueling station is completed, the mobile testing vehicle leaves the station. The second control valve 19 corresponding to the hydrogen storage cylinder 10, which is conventionally used for supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, is switched off, and hydrogen is supplied by the hydrogen buffer tank 6. The fourth control valve 22 is then opened to supply hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack. When the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen buffer tank 6 drops below 1 MPa, the hydrogen supply line is switched back to the hydrogen storage cylinder 10.

[0042] Based on the above technical solution, and more preferably, it further includes a purification device 23, which is disposed between the fourth control valve 22 and the power battery stack 4. Since the exhaust gas generated by the particulate matter weighing device 13 and the hydrogen from the branch line 9 both enter the hydrogen buffer tank 6, a purification device 23 is provided between the hydrogen buffer tank 6 and the power battery stack 4 to prevent impurities contained in the particulate matter from entering the power battery stack 4.

[0043] More preferably, based on the above technical solution, the system further includes a human-machine interaction module 24, which is used to control the opening and closing of the three-way valve 2, the first one-way valve 11, the second one-way valve 14, the third one-way valve 15, the fourth one-way valve 21, the first control valve 12, the second control valve 19, the third control valve 20 and the fourth control valve 22.

[0044] Finally, it should be noted that all pipelines in this system are high-pressure resistant pipe walls, and all check valves, pressure gauges, and control valves used are of high-pressure resistant grade.

[0045] In addition, to meet the requirements for detecting trace impurities in hydrogen, the entire pipeline consisting of detection branch 8 needs to be passivated.

[0046] In summary, this system connects the hydrogen storage cylinder 10 and the hydrogen buffer tank 6 in parallel, thereby achieving hydrogen supply to the hydrogen fuel cell stack, effectively solving the hidden dangers caused by hydrogen venting or combustion, and at the same time effectively reducing the hydrogen storage pressure of the hydrogen buffer tank 6.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system, characterized in that, This includes a hydrogen storage branch (1) and a hydrogen quality detection branch. The hydrogen storage branch (1) and the hydrogen quality detection branch are connected to the hydrogen filling port (3) through a three-way valve (2), and the ends of the hydrogen storage branch (1) and the hydrogen quality detection branch are connected to the power battery stack (4). The hydrogen quality detection branch includes a particulate matter weighing branch (5) and a gaseous impurity detection branch. The particulate matter weighing branch (5) and the gaseous impurity detection branch are connected in parallel. A hydrogen buffer tank (6) is provided at the end of the particulate matter weighing branch (5). The hydrogen buffer tank (6) is connected to the power battery stack (4). The gaseous impurity detection branch is equipped with a mixed exhaust gas treatment device (7) at its end. The gaseous impurity detection branch includes a detection branch (8) and a diversion branch (9). The detection branch (8) and the diversion branch (9) are connected in parallel. The end of the diversion branch (9) is connected to the hydrogen buffer tank (6), and the end of the detection branch (8) is connected to the mixed tail gas treatment device (7). A hydrogen storage cylinder (10) is provided on the hydrogen storage branch (1), a first one-way valve (11) is provided between the hydrogen storage cylinder (10) and the three-way valve (2), and a first control valve (12) is provided between the hydrogen storage cylinder (10) and the power battery stack (4). It also includes a purification device (23), which is disposed between the fourth control valve (22) and the power battery stack (4); It also includes a human-machine interaction module (24), which is used to control the opening and closing of the three-way valve (2), the first one-way valve (11), the second one-way valve (14), the third one-way valve (15), the fourth one-way valve (21), the first control valve (12), the second control valve (19), the third control valve (20) and the fourth control valve (22).

2. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A particulate weighing device (13) is provided on the particulate weighing branch (5), and a second one-way valve (14) and a third one-way valve (15) are respectively provided at both ends of the particulate weighing device (13). A first pressure gauge (16) is also provided at one end of the particulate matter weighing branch (5) near the air inlet of the particulate matter weighing device (13).

3. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A gaseous impurity detection device (17) is provided on the detection branch (8), and the end of the gaseous impurity detection device (17) is connected to the mixed exhaust gas treatment device (7).

4. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A second pressure gauge (18) is provided at one end of the detection branch (8) near the air inlet of the gaseous impurity detection device (17). A second control valve (19) and a third control valve (20) are respectively provided at one end of the detection branch (8) and the diversion branch (9) near the three-way valve (2).

5. The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen consumption system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A fourth one-way valve (21) is provided at one end of the hydrogen buffer tank (6) that is connected to the particulate matter weighing branch (5) and the diversion branch (9), and a fourth control valve (22) is provided between the hydrogen buffer tank (6) and the power battery stack (4).

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