A shortwave high-power combiner with protection feedback

Abstract

A high-power shortwave combiner with protective feedback mainly includes a combining section, a detection section, and a feedback section. The combining section combines several input signals into a single output signal, which is then sent to the detection section. The detection section detects the output and reflected signals from the combined signal via coupling. The feedback section detects the output and reflected signals, converts them to DC, and outputs a feedback state by comparing the output and reflected signals. This device can withstand high-power shortwave dual-frequency and multi-frequency combining and has a single-ended output; it features built-in protective feedback to provide protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-power shortwave transmission, and particularly to a combiner for high-power shortwave combining. Background Technology

[0002] The combiner is an important component of a radar transmission system. Its main function is to combine two or more input signals into one output signal.

[0003] Traditional shortwave combiners mainly suffer from problems such as low power handling capacity, high attenuation, and lack of feedback protection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a shortwave combiner that can achieve high-power shortwave dual-frequency and single-ended output after multiple frequency combining.

[0005] The shortwave high-power combiner with protection feedback disclosed herein includes: a combining section, a detection section, and a feedback section, wherein:

[0006] The combining section is used to couple several input signals into a combined signal;

[0007] The detection section is used to obtain the output signal and reflected signal of the combined signal through signal coupling, which serve as the input to the feedback section;

[0008] The feedback section is used to detect the output signal and the reflected signal, convert them into DC, and then compare the magnitudes of the output signal and the reflected signal.

[0009] Furthermore, each signal branch of the combining section includes two coupling transformers connected in series, wherein the first coupling transformer serves as the signal path, and the second coupling transformer is used to couple the signals of other branches with the signals of its own branch; the signals obtained after coupling of each branch are output from the same port as the combined signal.

[0010] Furthermore, the preceding coupling transformer in each signal branch of the combined circuit is made of two 1-square-millimeter high-temperature silver-plated wires and one nickel-zinc square double-hole magnetic core, with a turn ratio of 1:3 and a total of 4 turns. The size of the nickel-zinc square double-hole magnetic core used is 30.2*28.7*15mm.

[0011] The subsequent coupling transformer is made of two 1 square millimeter high-temperature silver-plated wires and one nickel-zinc elliptical double-hole magnetic core, with a turn ratio of 1:1 and a total of 4 turns; the size of the nickel-zinc elliptical double-hole magnetic core used is 32*32*16mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the detection section includes two sets of coupling transformers located at the input and output ends of the combined signal transmission main path, respectively used to acquire the output signal and the reflected signal. The set located at the input end is used to obtain the output signal, and the set located at the output end is used to obtain the reflected signal. Each set of coupling transformers includes a transformer connected in series in the combined signal transmission main path and a transformer led out from the main path as a coupling branch. The two transformers together complete the coupling of the signal at the input end or the output end to obtain the output signal or the reflected signal.

[0013] Furthermore, in the detection section, the transformers connected in series in the main circuit of the combined signal transmission are all made of one enameled wire and one nickel-zinc magnetic ring, with 54 turns; the transformers serving as coupling branches are all made of one enameled wire and one nickel-zinc magnetic ring, with 35 turns; the nickel-zinc magnetic rings used in both types of transformers are the same, made of NXO-100, and have dimensions of 37*23*7mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the feedback section is composed of a detector circuit and a comparator circuit connected together, wherein:

[0015] The detector circuit is used to rectify the input output signal and the reflected signal into DC signals, respectively;

[0016] The comparison circuit is used to compare the magnitudes of the rectified output signal and the reflected signal, and to send the comparison result to an external control device.

[0017] Furthermore, the comparison circuit uses a comparator amplifier to compare the signals, wherein a slide wire rheostat is connected in series in the reflected signal branch of the input comparator amplifier to adjust the input voltage of the pin.

[0018] Furthermore, the combining section, detection section, and feedback section are all designed with aluminum alloy housings in compartments, with each compartment containing its respective circuit board, and the circuit boards are connected to each other using 50-ohm radio frequency cables.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this disclosure are: (1) It can withstand high power shortwave dual-frequency and multi-frequency combination and single-ended output; (2) It has a built-in protection feedback function, which can provide feedback and play a protective role; (3) It adopts a self-made transformer to meet the requirements of high power signals; (4) The overall structure is simple and clear. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this disclosure will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of this disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0021] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram for verifying the principle of the merging circuit.

[0023] Figure 3 The simulation results are for the performance of the combining circuit.

[0024] Figure 4 This is an exemplary circuit structure diagram for the combining section;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a physical diagram of the power combiner in the combining section;

[0026] Figure 6 These are the measured performance results of the combined circuit section;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the detection process;

[0028] Figure 8 To detect some performance simulation curves;

[0029] Figure 9 An exemplary circuit structure diagram for the detection section;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a picture of the actual part being tested;

[0031] Figure 11 The test results are for when the signal is input from port 1 and output from port 2.

[0032] Figure 12 The test results are for a signal input from port 2 and output from port 1.

[0033] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the feedback section;

[0034] Figure 14 The two-channel signal input and output spectrum of the actual product;

[0035] Figure 15 This refers to the multi-channel signal input / output spectrum of the actual product. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0037] This disclosure provides a shortwave high-power combiner with protective feedback. According to an exemplary shortwave high-power combiner (dual-frequency combiner) of this disclosure, the overall structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it mainly includes: a combining section, a detection section, and a feedback section, among which:

[0038] The combining section is used to combine several input signals into one output signal, which is then sent to the detection section.

[0039] The detection section is used to detect the output signal and the reflected signal from the combined signal through coupling.

[0040] The feedback section detects the output and reflected signals, converts them to DC, and outputs the feedback state by comparing the output and reflected signals.

[0041] The operating frequency band is 3-30MHz, and the signal power it can withstand is 2KW for a single channel and 5KW for a combined channel.

[0042] The circuit combining section, detection section, and feedback section are designed with aluminum alloy housings in separate compartments to meet shielding requirements; each compartment contains its own circuit board, and the circuit boards are connected to each other with 50-ohm radio frequency cables.

[0043] In the diagram, RFIIN, RF, and RFOUT are N-50KFD RF connectors, and Ref is an SMA RF connector.

[0044] 1. Merging section

[0045] (1) Verification of the design scheme

[0046] The principle verification diagram of the combining section is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, “XFer1”, “XFer2”, “TF1”, and “TF2” are transformer models included in the RF simulation software ADS.

[0047] Simulation results of the power combiner are as follows Figure 3 As shown in the figure, within the 3-30MHz range, S32 and S31 are approximately -3.5dB, S12 is less than -30dB, S11 and S22 are approximately -9dB, and S33 is approximately -9.5dB. S11 and S22, and S32 and S31 are scattering coefficients, reflecting the frequency domain characteristics of the transmission channel. These simulation results demonstrate the characteristics of the power combiner, thus verifying the feasibility of the design scheme.

[0048] (2) Scheme Schematic Diagram

[0049] An exemplary circuit diagram of the combining section is attached. Figure 4As shown, it mainly consists of four transmission line transformers T1, T2, T5, and T6, and some resistors and capacitors. The input signal is input from INPUT1 and INPUT2, and the power is combined and transmitted through the transmission line transformers to finally synthesize a single signal output.

[0050] In the picture:

[0051] T1, T2, T5, and T6 are self-made transmission line transformers. Operating in the shortwave band (3-30MHz), these transformers possess both lumped and distributed characteristics, making them suitable for electromagnetic wave transmission in this frequency range. They are wound with magnetic rings of specific permeability and enameled wire, resulting in minimal transmission loss. Preferably, T1 and T5 are wound with two 1 sq mm high-temperature silver-plated wires and one nickel-zinc square double-hole magnetic core, with a turn ratio of 1:3, for a total of 4 turns. T2 and T6 are wound with two 1 sq mm high-temperature silver-plated wires and one nickel-zinc elliptical double-hole magnetic core, with a turn ratio of 1:1, for a total of 4 turns. The nickel-zinc square double-hole magnetic cores used in T1 and T5 are of the same model, with dimensions of 30.2*28.7*15mm. The nickel-zinc elliptical double-hole magnetic cores used in T2 and T6 are of the same model, with dimensions of 32*32*16mm.

[0052] Due to the high signal power, capacitors C1, C2, and C3 are high-voltage ceramic capacitors (generally with a withstand voltage greater than 2KV, calculated based on the power).

[0053] The isolation resistors R1 and R2 are power resistors. L1 and L2 are hollow inductors wound with enameled wire.

[0054] (3) Test Results

[0055] The physical example of a power combiner Figure 5 As shown.

[0056] The test results of the scattering coefficient of each channel are as follows: Figure 6 As shown in the figure, within the 3-30MHz range, both S21 and S31 are greater than -3.5dB, and the amplitude consistency of the two signals is particularly good. Within the 3-30MHz range, S11 is approximately -19dB, and S33 is approximately -25dB, indicating good return performance. Within the 3-30MHz range, S21 is less than -15dB, indicating good isolation.

[0057] 2. Testing Section

[0058] (1) Verification of the design scheme

[0059] The schematic diagram of the detection section is attached. Figure 7 As shown in the figure, “TF1”, “TF2”, “TF3” and “TF4” are the ideal transformer models that come with ADS.

[0060] The simulation results for the detection part are as follows: Figure 8 As shown in the figure, when the signal is input from port 1 and output from port 2, the values ​​of S11, S21, S31, and S41 are approximately -138 dB, -0.004 dB, -33 dB, and -105 dB across the entire wideband. When the signal is input from port 2 and output from port 1, the values ​​of S22, S12, S42, and S32 are approximately -105 dB across the entire wideband. This demonstrates that the high-power detection section is a completely symmetrical module with ideal return loss, ideal insertion loss, ideal coupling, and ideal isolation. These ideal results stem from the ideal transformer model. Therefore, the simulation results accurately reflect the characteristics of the detection section, thus verifying the feasibility of the design scheme.

[0061] (2) Scheme Schematic Diagram

[0062] An exemplary circuit structure diagram of the detection section is shown below. Figure 9 As shown. T3, T4, T7, and T8 are self-made transformers, and R3, R4, R5, and R6 are 1W carbon film resistors. The signal is input from INPUT, passes through T3, T4, T7, and T8, and is output from the OUTPUT port. The VFBF port is the input signal detection port, and the VFBS port is the output signal detection port.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, T3 and T4 are both made with one enameled wire and one nickel-zinc magnetic ring, with 54 turns. T7 and T8 are also made with one enameled wire and one nickel-zinc magnetic ring, but with 35 turns. The nickel-zinc magnetic rings used in T3, T4, T7, and T8 are of the same model, made of NXO-100 material, and have dimensions of 37*23*7mm.

[0064] (3) Test Results

[0065] The physical objects in the testing section, such as Figure 10 As shown.

[0066] When the signal is input from port 1 and output from port 2, the test results are as follows: Figure 11 As shown in the figure, within the 3-30MHz range, S11 is approximately -20dB, indicating good input port matching; S31 is approximately -33dB, indicating good coupling flatness; S41 is less than -50dB, indicating good isolation performance; and S21 is greater than -0.1dB, indicating very low insertion loss.

[0067] When the signal is input from port 2 and output from port 1, the test results are as follows: Figure 12As shown in the figure, within the 3-30MHz range, S22 is approximately -20dB, indicating good input port matching; S42 is approximately -33dB, indicating good coupling flatness; S32 is less than -55dB, indicating good isolation performance; and S12 is greater than -0.1dB, indicating very low insertion loss.

[0068] 3. Feedback Section

[0069] The reflection module circuit mainly consists of a detector circuit and a comparator circuit connected together. An exemplary embodiment is shown below. Figure 13 As shown:

[0070] In the detection circuit, the input AC voltages VFBF and VFBS are rectified into DC voltages by diodes D1 and D2, respectively. C4, C5, C6, C13, C14, and C15 are filter capacitors. R7, R11, R15, and R17 divide the DC voltage to a value lower than that of the microcontroller (corresponding to the microcontroller). Figure 1 The input voltage of the MCU (or external control device) is used to protect the MCU pins.

[0071] Comparison circuit: The two voltages after detection enter pins 2 and 3 of the comparator amplifier U1A. The voltage at pin 2 is VFBS, and the voltage at pin 3 is VFBF. VFBS actually reflects the reflected power voltage, and VFBF actually reflects the output power voltage.

[0072] Preferably, a sliding rheostat WR1 is connected in series in the reflected signal branch input to pin 3. By adjusting the resistance of WR1, the voltage entering pin 3 is adjusted to meet the voltage required for the preset VSWR protection condition, ensuring that the output power is always greater than the reflected power except when all power is reflected, i.e., VFBF≥VFBS. Assuming the reflection coefficient γ=VFBS / VFBF, and the voltage VSWR SWR=(1+γ) / (1-γ), VFBF can be adjusted by adjusting WR1. For example, when SWR=3, substituting the values, we get VFBF=3VFBS. WR1 can be adjusted so that VFBF′=VFBS. When SWR>3, VFBF′>VFBS, the U1A comparator outputs a high level 1, and Vref=1 feedback.

[0073] Based on the actual combining device developed in this disclosure, the input and output spectra of two or multiple signals within the 3-30MHz frequency band are shown in the attached figures. Figure 14 Or as shown in Figure 15.

[0074] The above technical solutions are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, based on the application methods and principles disclosed in the present invention, it is easy to make various types of improvements or modifications, and not limited to the methods described in the specific embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the methods described above are merely preferred and not restrictive.

Claims

1. A short wave high power combining device with protection feedback, characterized in that, The application relates to a signal detection device, which comprises a combination part, a detection part and a feedback part, wherein: the combination part is used for coupling several input signals into a combined signal; the detection part is used for obtaining an output signal and a reflected signal of the combined signal as inputs of the feedback part through signal coupling; the feedback part is used for detecting the output signal and the reflected signal, converting them into direct current, comparing the output signal and the reflected signal, and outputting the comparison result; each signal branch of the combination part comprises two coupling transformers connected in series, wherein the former coupling transformer is used as a signal passage, and the latter coupling transformer is used for coupling signals of other branches with signals of the branch; the signals obtained after the coupling of the branches are output from the same port as the combined signal; the detection part comprises two groups of coupling transformers arranged at input and output ends of a main transmission line of the combined signal, which are used for obtaining the output signal and the reflected signal respectively, wherein one group arranged at the input end is used for obtaining the output signal, and one group arranged at the output end is used for obtaining the reflected signal; each group of coupling transformers comprises a transformer connected in series in the main transmission line of the combined signal and a transformer leading out from the main line as a coupling branch, and the two transformers jointly complete the coupling of the signals at the input end or the output end to obtain the output signal or the reflected signal. The former coupling transformer in each signal branch of the combination part is wound by two 1-square high-temperature silver-plated wires and one nickel-zinc square double-hole magnetic core, the winding ratio is 1:3, and the number of turns is 4; the used nickel-zinc square double-hole magnetic core has a size of 30.2mm*28.7mm*15mm; the latter coupling transformer is wound by two 1-square high-temperature silver-plated wires and one nickel-zinc oval double-hole magnetic core, the winding ratio is 1:1, and the number of turns is 4; the used nickel-zinc oval double-hole magnetic core has a size of 32mm*32mm*16mm. In the detection part, the transformer connected in series in the main transmission line of the combined signal is wound by one enameled wire and one nickel-zinc magnetic ring, and the number of turns is 54; the transformer as the coupling branch is wound by one enameled wire and one nickel-zinc magnetic ring, and the number of turns is 35; the nickel-zinc magnetic rings used in the two kinds of transformers are the same, the material is NXO-100, and the size is 37mm*23mm*7mm. The feedback part is connected by a detection circuit and a comparison circuit, wherein: the detection circuit is used for rectifying the input output signal and reflected signal into direct current signals respectively; the comparison circuit is used for comparing the sizes of the rectified output signal and reflected signal and delivering the comparison result to an external control device. The comparison circuit uses a comparison amplifier to compare the signals, wherein a slide rheostat is connected in series in the reflected signal branch of the input comparison amplifier, and is used for adjusting the input voltage of the pin. The combination part, the detection part and the feedback part are all designed by an aluminum alloy shell with divided warehouses, and the circuit boards of the parts are placed in the warehouses, and the circuit boards are connected by 50-ohm radio frequency connecting lines. ​ 2. The combining device of claim 1, wherein ​ ​ 3. The combining device of claim 1, wherein, ​ 4. The combining device of claim 1, wherein ​ ​ ​ 5. The combining device of claim 4, wherein, ​ 6. The combining arrangement of any of claims 1-5, wherein ​

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