A transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system for aerospace and its calibration method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of laser communication optical machinery technology, and in particular to a coaxial laser communication optical machinery system for aerospace transmission and reception and a calibration method. The system comprises a beam expander module and an optical machinery platform system. The beam expander module can expand or reduce parallel light of different apertures, and is used to reduce the aperture of received RX light and guide it to the optical machinery platform system, and to expand the aperture of TX light emitted by the optical machinery platform system and transmit it to the outside world. The optical machinery platform system is used to integrate various modules, including a communication control module, a laser TX component module, a laser RX component module, a transfer reflector module, a first precision pointing reflector module, a second precision pointing reflector module, a two-way beam splitter module, a calibration module, and a beam position sensor module. By adopting a coaxial laser transmission and reception method, the laser transmission and reception are designed to be on the same optical path, and the transmission and reception actions can be completed with only one set of equipment, which greatly reduces the size and weight of the entire terminal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of laser communication optical machinery technology, and in particular to an aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical machinery system and a calibration method. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of science and technology and the increasing demand for communication, laser communication has become a future development trend in the fields of national defense, science and technology, and commerce. Lasers have the characteristics of high brightness, strong directionality, and good monochromaticity. When used for communication, they can carry more information, thus achieving higher communication rates. In addition, lasers have a small divergence angle, an extremely narrow beam width, and good directivity. They are not easily captured in space, so they have better security and reliability.

[0003] Existing aerospace laser communication equipment uses two sets of equipment, one for transmitting lasers and the other for receiving lasers. Not only are they heavy and bulky, but the cost of a set of transceiver equipment is also high, and the installation and debugging time is also very long. They are mostly used in military or defense fields, and general commercial aerospace communications cannot afford such high costs.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a coaxial laser communication optical system for aerospace use, which adopts a coaxial laser transmission and reception method, greatly reducing the weight of the equipment and the volume of the product, and significantly reducing the cost and use cost of the laser communication equipment itself. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology and to propose a transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system for aerospace use.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: an aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical-mechanical system, comprising a beam expander module and an optical-mechanical platform system;

[0007] The beam expander module can expand or reduce parallel light of different diameters, and is used to reduce the diameter of the received RX light and guide it to the optical platform system, and expand the diameter of the TX light emitted by the optical platform system and transmit it to the outside world;

[0008] The optical-mechanical platform system is used to integrate various modules, including a communication control module, a laser TX component module, a laser RX component module, a transfer reflector module, a precision pointing reflector module 1, a precision pointing reflector module 2, a dichroic beam splitter module, a calibration module, and a beam position sensor module;

[0009] The communication control module is used to process information and control the coordination between the modules of the optical-mechanical system;

[0010] The laser TX component module is used to emit TX light;

[0011] The laser RX component module is used to receive RX light;

[0012] The transfer reflector module can change the propagation direction of the light beam, and is used to fixedly reflect the RX light guided by the beam expander module to the fine pointing reflector module 1, and fixedly reflect the TX light reflected by the fine pointing reflector module 1 to the beam expander module;

[0013] The first precision pointing mirror module can precisely adjust the propagation direction of the light beam and, under the control of the communication control module, is used to couple the RX light to the laser RX component module in real time and reflect the TX light to the transfer mirror module;

[0014] The second precise pointing reflector module can precisely adjust the propagation direction of the light beam and accurately control the reflection direction of the TX light under the control of the communication control module;

[0015] The two-way beam splitter module uses the frequency difference between the RX light and the TX light to split the light;

[0016] The calibration module is used to reflect the TX light back in the original direction during the light receiving and transmitting calibration;

[0017] The light beam position sensor module is used to collect light beam position information.

[0018] The dichroic beam splitter module includes surface A and surface B;

[0019] The A surface is used for totally reflecting the light beam directed toward the A surface of the dichroic beam splitter module;

[0020] The B surface is used to fully transmit the RX light directed to the B surface of the dichroic mirror module and mostly reflect the TX light directed to the B surface of the dichroic mirror module, and allow a very small part of the TX light to be transmitted to the calibration module through the dichroic mirror module.

[0021] The calibration module includes a shutter module and a reflector module;

[0022] The shutter module is used to open under the control of the communication control module during the light receiving and receiving calibration, so that the TX light transmitted by the dichroic beam splitter module is directed to the reflector module;

[0023] The reflector module is used to reflect the TX light back in the original direction.

[0024] The shutter module is provided with a light absorbing module;

[0025] The light absorption module is used to absorb the TX light directed toward the calibration module when the shutter module is closed.

[0026] The laser RX component module is provided with a spectrometer module;

[0027] The spectroscope module is used to reflect a small portion of the RX light directed toward the laser RX component module to the beam position sensor module, and to reflect the TX light to the beam position sensor module.

[0028] The present invention discloses a calibration method for a coaxial laser communication optical machine system for aerospace transmission and reception, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0029] Step 1: The beam expander module reduces the aperture of the received RX light and guides it to the transfer reflector module;

[0030] Step 2: The transfer reflector module reflects the RX light to the precision pointing reflector module 1;

[0031] Step 3: The precision pointing reflector module 1 reflects the RX light to the dichroic beam splitter module, and transmits the RX light to the laser RX component module through the dichroic beam splitter module. The beam splitter module in the laser RX component module reflects a very small portion of the RX light directed to the laser RX component module to the beam position sensor module.

[0032] Step 4: The beam position sensor module collects RX light position information and transmits the data to the communication control module;

[0033] Step 5: Under the control of the communication control module, the laser TX component module transmits TX light to the precision pointing reflector module 2;

[0034] Step 6: The second precision pointing reflector module reflects the TX light to the B surface of the dichroic beam splitter module; the B surface of the dichroic beam splitter module reflects most of the TX light to the first precision pointing reflector module, and transmits a very small portion of the TX light to the calibration module;

[0035] Step 7: In the calibration mode, the calibration module reflects the TX light back to the A surface of the dichroic beam splitter module along the original direction;

[0036] Step 8: Surface A of the two-way beam splitter module reflects the TX light to the laser RX component module, and the beam splitter module in the laser RX component module reflects the TX light directed to the laser RX component module to the beam position sensor module;

[0037] Step 9: The beam position sensor module collects TX light position information and transmits the data to the communication control module;

[0038] Step 10: The communication control module calculates and controls the second fine-pointing reflector module based on the TX light position information and the RX light position information to adjust the reflection direction of the TX light so that the TX light and the RX light are coaxial.

[0039] Step 11: After calibration, the TX light is precisely controlled to be reflected to the B surface of the dichroic mirror module according to the instruction of the communication control module; the B surface of the dichroic mirror module reflects most of the TX light to the precise pointing reflector module 1;

[0040] Step 12: the fine pointing reflector module 1 reflects the TX light to the transfer reflector module;

[0041] Step 13: The transfer reflector module fixedly reflects the TX light to the beam expander module;

[0042] Step 14: The beam expander module expands the aperture of the TX light and emits it in the direction instructed by the communication control module.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0044] This application adopts a coaxial laser transmission and reception method through the structural design of the optical platform, and designs the laser transmission and reception into the same optical path. Only one set of equipment can be used to complete the transmission and reception actions, which greatly reduces the size and weight of the entire terminal. It not only reduces the unit price of the product, but also reduces the debugging time and calibration difficulty, and the overall transmission and use costs will also be reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of a coaxial laser communication optical-mechanical system for aerospace applications;

[0046] Figure 2 This is the optical-mechanical platform system integration diagram for the aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical-mechanical system;

[0047] Figure numerals: 1. Beam expander module; 2. Optical-mechanical platform system; 3. Laser TX component module; 4. Laser RX component module; 5. Transfer reflector module; 6. Precision pointing reflector module one; 7. Precision pointing reflector module two; 8. Two-way beam splitter module; 9. Calibration module; 10. Beam position sensor module; 11. A surface; 12. B surface; 13. Shutter module; 14. Reflector module; 15. Light absorption module; 16. Beam splitter module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0049] Example

[0050] This solution provides a coaxial laser communication optical system for aerospace applications:

[0051] like Figure 1 The figure shows a system diagram of a coaxial laser communication optical-mechanical system for aerospace transmission and reception, including a beam expander module 1 and an optical-mechanical platform system 2.

[0052] The beam expander module 1 can expand or reduce parallel light of different apertures, and is used to reduce the aperture of the received RX light and guide it to the optical platform system 2, and to expand the aperture of the TX light emitted by the optical platform system 2 and transmit it to the outside world;

[0053] The working principle of the beam expander module 1 is to refract the collimated laser light received by the large-aperture lens and output it as a smaller collimated laser light through the lens, and vice versa. This can increase the range of laser light received by the device, while reducing the size of the laser regulating structure within the device, making it possible to reduce the weight and size of the entire device.

[0054] like Figure 2 The above diagram is an optical-mechanical platform system integration diagram of an aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical-mechanical system, mainly including the modules integrated in the optical-mechanical platform system 2;

[0055] The optical-mechanical platform system 2 is used to integrate various modules, including a communication control module, a laser TX component module 3, a laser RX component module 4, a transfer reflector module 5, a precision pointing reflector module 1 6, a precision pointing reflector module 2 7, a dichroic beam splitter module 8, a calibration module 9, and a beam position sensor module 10;

[0056] The communication control module is used to process information and control the coordination between the modules of the optical-mechanical system;

[0057] The laser TX component module 3 is used to emit TX light; TX light is the laser containing information emitted by the current optical machine system;

[0058] The laser RX component module 4 is used to receive RX light; RX light is the laser light containing information received by the current optical machine system from other systems;

[0059] The transfer reflector module 5 can change the propagation direction of the light beam, and is used to fixedly reflect the RX light guided by the beam expander module 1 to the fine pointing reflector module 6, and fixedly reflect the TX light reflected by the fine pointing reflector module 6 to the beam expander module 1;

[0060] The precise pointing reflector module 1 6 can precisely adjust the propagation direction of the light beam and, under the control of the communication control module, is used to couple the RX light to the laser RX component module 4 in real time and reflect the TX light to the transfer reflector module 5;

[0061] The precise pointing reflector module 2 7 can precisely adjust the propagation direction of the light beam and accurately control the reflection direction of the TX light under the control of the communication control module;

[0062] The two-way beam splitter module 8 performs light splitting using the frequency difference between the RX light and the TX light;

[0063] The calibration module 9 is used to reflect the TX light back in the original direction during the light receiving and receiving calibration.

[0064] The light beam position sensor module 10 is used to collect light beam position information.

[0065] The dichroic beam splitter module 8 includes an A surface 11 and a B surface 12;

[0066] The A surface 11 is used for total reflection of the light beam directed toward the A surface 11 of the dichroic beam splitter module;

[0067] The B surface 12 is configured to fully transmit the RX light directed toward the B surface 12 of the dichroic beam splitter module, and to mostly reflect the TX light directed toward the B surface 12 of the dichroic beam splitter module, while allowing a very small portion of the TX light to be transmitted through the dichroic beam splitter module 8 to the calibration module 9. This very small portion of TX light is primarily used for coaxial calibration of the received and received light and is not limited thereto.

[0068] The calibration module 9 includes a shutter module 13 and a reflector module 14; other structural solutions can also be used to achieve the purpose of reflecting the TX light back in the original direction during the light receiving and receiving calibration;

[0069] The shutter module 13 is used to open under the control of the communication control module when performing light receiving and receiving calibration, so that the TX light transmitted by the dichroic beam splitter module 8 is directed to the reflector module 14;

[0070] The reflector module 14 is used to reflect the TX light back in its original direction.

[0071] The shutter module 13 is provided with a light absorbing module 15;

[0072] The light absorbing module 15 is used to absorb the TX light directed to the calibration module 9 when the shutter module 13 is closed, and is used to isolate the received and received light.

[0073] The laser RX component module 4 is provided with a beam splitter module 16;

[0074] The spectroscope module 16 is used to reflect a very small portion of the RX light directed toward the laser RX component module 4 to the beam position sensor module 10, and to reflect the TX light to the beam position sensor module 10. A very small portion of the RX light is used by the beam position sensor module 10 to collect RX light position information, while the TX light is reflected to the beam position sensor module 10 to collect RX light position information and to isolate the received and received light.

[0075] This solution provides a calibration method for a coaxial laser communication optical system for aerospace use. The specific steps are as follows:

[0076] Step 1: The beam expander module 1 reduces the aperture of the received RX light and guides it to the transfer reflector module 5; the reduced aperture beam is conducive to the realization of a miniaturized integrated structure of the optical-mechanical system;

[0077] Step 2: the transfer reflector module 5 reflects the RX light to the fine pointing reflector module 1 6;

[0078] Step 3: The precise pointing reflector module 1 6 reflects the RX light to the dichroic beam splitter module 8, and transmits the RX light to the laser RX component module 4 through the dichroic beam splitter module 8. The beam splitter module 16 in the laser RX component module 4 reflects a very small portion of the RX light directed to the laser RX component module 4 to the beam position sensor module 10.

[0079] Step 4: The beam position sensor module 10 collects RX light position information and transmits the data to the communication control module;

[0080] Step 5: Under the control of the communication control module, the laser TX component module 3 transmits TX light to the precision pointing reflector module 2 7;

[0081] Step 6: The second fine pointing reflector module 7 reflects the TX light to the B surface 12 of the dichroic beam splitter module; the B surface 12 of the dichroic beam splitter module reflects most of the TX light to the first fine pointing reflector module 6, and transmits a very small portion of the TX light to the calibration module 9; this is used to perform coaxial calibration of the light receiving and light receiving;

[0082] Step 7: In the calibration mode, the calibration module 9 reflects the TX light back along the original direction to the A surface 11 of the dichroic beam splitter module. In this solution, the shutter module 13 is opened to allow the TX light transmitted by the dichroic beam splitter module 8 to be directed toward the reflector module 14. The reflector module 14 reflects the TX light back along the original direction to the A surface 11 of the dichroic beam splitter module.

[0083] Step 8: The dichroic mirror module A surface 11 reflects the TX light to the laser RX component module 4, and the beam splitter module 16 in the laser RX component module 4 reflects the TX light directed to the laser RX component module 4 to the beam position sensor module 10, thereby achieving the isolation of light and light.

[0084] Step nine, the beam position sensor module 10 collects TX light position information and transmits the data to the communication control module;

[0085] Step 10: The communication control module calculates and controls the fine pointing reflector module 2 7 based on the TX light position information and the RX light position information to adjust the reflection direction of the TX light so that the TX light and the RX light are coaxial.

[0086] Step 11: After calibration, the TX light is precisely controlled to be reflected to the B surface 12 of the dichroic beam splitter module according to the instruction of the communication control module; the B surface 12 of the dichroic beam splitter module reflects most of the TX light to the precise pointing reflector module 1 6;

[0087] Step 12: the fine pointing reflector module 6 reflects the TX light to the transfer reflector module 5;

[0088] Step 13: The transfer reflector module 5 fixedly reflects the TX light to the beam expander module 1;

[0089] In step 14, the beam expander module 1 expands the aperture of the TX light and emits it in the direction instructed by the communication control module.

[0090] By adopting the above calibration method, the laser emission and reception are designed as the same optical path, and only one set of equipment is needed to complete the transmission and reception actions, which greatly reduces the size and weight of the entire terminal. This not only reduces the unit price of the product, but also reduces the debugging time and calibration difficulty, and the overall emission and use costs will also be reduced.

Claims

1. An aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system, characterized by: It includes a beam expander module (1) and an optical-mechanical platform system (2); The beam expander module (1) can expand or reduce parallel light of different apertures, and is used to reduce the aperture of received RX light and guide it to the optical-mechanical platform system (2), and to expand the aperture of TX light emitted by the optical-mechanical platform system (2) and transmit it to the outside world; The optical-mechanical platform system (2) is used to integrate various modules, including a communication control module, a laser TX component module (3), a laser RX component module (4), a transfer reflector module (5), a precision pointing reflector module 1 (6), a precision pointing reflector module 2 (7), a two-way beam splitter module (8), a calibration module (9), and a beam position sensor module (10); The communication control module is used to process information and control the coordination between the modules of the optical-mechanical system; The laser TX component module (3) is used to emit TX light; The laser RX component module (4) is used to receive RX light; The transfer reflector module (5) can change the propagation direction of the light beam, and is used to fixedly reflect the RX light guided by the beam expander module (1) to the fine pointing reflector module (6), and to fixedly reflect the TX light reflected by the fine pointing reflector module (6) to the beam expander module (1); The precise pointing reflector module 1 (6) can precisely adjust the propagation direction of the light beam and is used to couple the RX light to the laser RX component module (4) and reflect the TX light to the transfer reflector module (5) in real time under the control of the communication control module; The second precise pointing reflector module (7) can precisely adjust the propagation direction of the light beam and accurately control the reflection direction of the TX light under the control of the communication control module; The two-way beam splitter module (8) performs light splitting using the frequency difference between the RX light and the TX light; The calibration module (9) is used to reflect the TX light back in the original direction when performing the light receiving and receiving calibration; The light beam position sensor module (10) is used to collect light beam position information.

2. The aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two-way beam splitter module (8) comprises an A surface (11) and a B surface (12); The A surface (11) is used for totally reflecting the light beam directed toward the A surface (11) of the dichroic beam splitter module; The B surface (12) is used to fully transmit the RX light directed toward the B surface (12) of the dichroic mirror module and to mostly reflect the TX light directed toward the B surface (12) of the dichroic mirror module, and to allow a very small portion of the TX light to be transmitted to the calibration module (9) through the dichroic mirror module (8).

3. The aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The calibration module (9) includes a shutter module (13) and a reflector module (14); The shutter module (13) is used to open under the control of the communication control module when performing light transmission and reception calibration, so that the TX light transmitted by the dichroic mirror module (8) is directed toward the reflector module (14); The reflector module (14) is used to reflect the TX light back in the original direction.

4. The aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shutter module (13) is provided with a light absorption module (15); The light absorption module (15) is used to absorb TX light directed toward the calibration module (9) when the shutter module (13) is closed.

5. The aerospace transceiver coaxial laser communication optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laser RX component module (4) is provided with a beam splitter module (16); The spectroscope module (16) is used to reflect a very small portion of the RX light directed toward the laser RX component module (4) to the beam position sensor module (10), and to reflect the TX light to the beam position sensor module (10).

6. The calibration method for a coaxial laser communication optical system for aerospace use according to claim 1, wherein: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: the beam expander module (1) reduces the aperture of the received RX light and guides it to the transfer reflector module (5); Step 2: The transfer reflector module (5) reflects the RX light to the precision pointing reflector module 1 (6); Step 3: The precise pointing reflector module 1 (6) reflects the RX light to the two-way beam splitter module (8), and transmits the RX light to the laser RX component module (4) through the two-way beam splitter module (8). The beam splitter module (16) in the laser RX component module (4) reflects a very small portion of the RX light directed to the laser RX component module (4) to the beam position sensor module (10); Step 4: the beam position sensor module (10) collects RX light position information and transmits the data to the communication control module; Step 5: Under the control of the communication control module, the laser TX component module (3) transmits TX light to the precision pointing reflector module 2 (7); Step 6: The second precision pointing reflector module (7) reflects the TX light to the B surface (12) of the dichroic beam splitter module; the B surface (12) of the dichroic beam splitter module reflects most of the TX light to the first precision pointing reflector module (6), and transmits a very small part of the TX light to the calibration module (9); Step 7: In the calibration mode, the calibration module (9) reflects the TX light back along the original direction to the A surface (11) of the dichroic mirror module; Step 8: The two-way beam splitter module A surface (11) reflects the TX light to the laser RX component module (4), and the beam splitter module (16) in the laser RX component module (4) reflects the TX light directed to the laser RX component module (4) to the beam position sensor module (10); Step nine, the beam position sensor module (10) collects TX light position information and transmits the data to the communication control module; Step 10: The communication control module calculates and controls the second fine-pointing reflector module (7) based on the TX light position information and the RX light position information to adjust the reflection direction of the TX light so that the TX light and the RX light are coaxial. Step 11, after calibration, accurately controlling the reflection of the TX light to the B surface (12) of the dichroic beam splitter module according to the instruction of the communication control module; the B surface (12) of the dichroic beam splitter module reflects most of the TX light to the precise pointing reflector module 1 (6); Step 12: the fine pointing reflector module 1 (6) reflects the TX light to the transfer reflector module (5); Step 13: The transfer reflector module (5) fixedly reflects the TX light to the beam expander module (1); Step 14: The beam expander module (1) expands the aperture of the TX light and emits it in the direction instructed by the communication control module.

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