Device for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations

Abstract

This invention relates to an apparatus (10) for optimizing MR scan sequences for magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, the apparatus comprising an input unit (20), a processing unit (30), and an output unit (40). The input unit is configured to receive information about an MR examination to be performed on a patient, the information including details of an individual MR scan for the MR examination. The input unit is configured to provide the processing unit with the information about the MR examination. The input unit is configured to receive information about the patient to whom the MR examination is to be performed, and the input unit is configured to provide the processing unit with the information about the MR patient. The processing unit is configured to use the information about the patient to determine a total score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan. The processing unit is configured to determine an MR scan sequence for the MR examination, including using the individual MR scan and the total score for each MR scan. The output unit is configured to output the determined MR scan sequence for the MR examination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus, an imaging system, a method for optimizing MR scan sequences for magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, a computer program unit, and a computer-readable medium. Background Technology

[0002] MR examinations performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners or systems typically consist of at least a few different scans that provide varying image contrasts (scout scans, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted) and different functional information (perfusion, diffusion, vascular flow, tissue viability). These MR scans vary considerably in duration, sensitivity to motion, and MR noise levels.

[0003] For most types of MR scans, a trade-off exists between scan duration and image quality, as longer scans provide better image quality. A similar trade-off exists between scan duration and MR noise levels, as shorter scans are generally louder.

[0004] However, a mechanism is needed to optimize MR examinations.

[0005] US 2015 / 123657 A1 describes a method for operating a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device, which is used to acclimate a patient and / or user to the acoustic noise of device operation.

[0006] WO 2013 / 165571 A1 describes a system and method for performing static magnetic resonance imaging.

[0007] EP 3381353 A1 describes a method for planning an imaging scanning protocol to be performed by a scanning imaging system.

[0008] US 2020 / 008703 A1 describes a method for monitoring a patient during a medical imaging examination. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Having improved means for optimizing MR examinations would be advantageous. The object of the invention is achieved through the subject matter of the independent claims, wherein further embodiments are included in the dependent claims. It should be noted that the aspects and examples described below also apply to apparatus, imaging systems, methods for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, as well as computer program units and computer-readable media.

[0010] In a first aspect, an apparatus is provided for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. The apparatus includes:

[0011] Input unit;

[0012] Processing unit; and

[0013] Output unit.

[0014] The input unit is configured to receive information about an MR examination to be performed on a patient, including details of an individual MR scan for the MR examination, and the input unit is configured to provide the information about the MR examination to the processing unit. The input unit is configured to receive information about the patient to whom the MR examination is to be performed. This information relates to the patient's tolerance to noise and / or the patient's ability to remain still. The input unit is configured to provide the information about the MR patient to the processing unit. The processing unit is configured to use the information about the patient to determine a total score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan. The processing unit is configured to determine an MR scan sequence for the MR examination, including using the individual MR scan and the total score for each MR scan. The output unit is configured to output the determined MR scan sequence for the MR examination.

[0015] In this way, the scanning sequence of an MR examination can be tailored to the type of person (or a specific individual) undergoing the MR scan. This means that MR examinations can be sequenced in such a way that individual scans, which typically have different durations and noise levels, can be ordered to maximize the effectiveness of the MR examination in terms of the quality of the acquired images. Furthermore, it ensures patient comfort and experience.

[0016] In one example, the details regarding the individual MR scan include information about the noise level of each MR scan and information relating to the patient's tolerance to noise. The processing unit is configured to determine a noise score value for each MR scan of the individual MR scan, and wherein the total score value for each MR scan includes the noise score value for each MR scan.

[0017] In one example, the information regarding the patient's tolerance to noise includes one or more of the following: the patient's age; information regarding previous MR examinations performed by the patient, including whether the patient has previously undergone an MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

[0018] Therefore, by providing information about the patient's noise tolerance or capacity, and given that MR scan sequences can generate significant noise, it becomes possible to sequence scan sequences to minimize patient discomfort, reduce the chance of patient movement during individual scans, and maximize the patient's overall pleasant experience of the scan. Consequently, in addition to obtaining the best possible quality MR examination and reducing the need for repeat MR examinations or certain scans, the patient's overall perception of the MR examination will be as positive as possible, thereby ensuring the highest possible patient compliance with any subsequent or future MR examinations the patient will undergo.

[0019] In one example, the details regarding the individual MR scan include information about the duration of each MR scan and information concerning the patient's ability to remain static. The processing unit is configured to determine a duration score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan. The total score for each MR scan includes the duration score for each MR scan.

[0020] In this way, by providing information about a patient's tolerance or ability to cope with the very loud noise generated within the confined space of an MRI scanner over a certain period of time (which can be a very frightening experience), it becomes possible to sequence scans to minimize patient discomfort, reduce the chance of patient movement during individual scans, and maximize the patient's overall pleasant experience of the scan. Therefore, in addition to obtaining the best possible quality MRI scan and reducing the need for repeat MRI scans or certain other scans, the patient's overall perception of the MRI scan will be as positive as possible, thus ensuring the highest possible patient compliance with any subsequent or future MRI scans.

[0021] In one example, the information regarding the patient's ability to remain static over different time periods includes one or more of the following: the patient's age; information regarding previous MR examinations performed by the patient, including whether the patient has previously undergone an MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

[0022] In one example, the processing unit is configured to place the MR scan in the latter half of the MR scan sequence based on the MR scan with the lowest total score in the individual MR scans, and optionally as the last scan in the MR scan sequence.

[0023] In other words, it is possible to use a scoring system that assigns high scores to the most unpleasant scans and low scores to the most pleasant scans. Clearly, this scoring can be reversed, and the last scan could be the one with the highest total score.

[0024] It has been found that human perception of the overall experience is disproportionately influenced by events occurring towards the end or near the end of the overall experience. Therefore, if the particularly unpleasant part of the overall experience occurs at the end, the patient will perceive the overall experience more negatively than if the unpleasant part occurred earlier in the sequence. Moreover, this unpleasantness varies from person to person; one person might not find short or moderate periods of very loud noise unpleasant but dislike continuous scans (where each scan requires no movement), while another patient might be fine lying still for extended periods but experience anxiety from very long or very loud scan sequences. Therefore, by taking this information into account, it is possible to generate adjusted scan sequences that alleviate these problems differently for different individuals.

[0025] In one example, the scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, and optionally the last scan, are the MR scans with the lowest total score in the individual MR scans.

[0026] In other words, the actual scan with the lowest total score among the individual scans presented to the input unit is used as the scan closest to the end or the last scan.

[0027] In one example, the scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, and optionally the last scan, are modified MR scans with the lowest total score among the individual MR scans. The processing unit is configured to modify the MR scans based on the total score of the MR scans.

[0028] In other words, the actual scan with the lowest overall score among the individual scans presented to the input unit can be identified as the most suitable scan to be used as the near-final or last scan. However, it can be determined that by reducing, for example, the duration and / or decreasing the scan parameters to reduce the noise of this last (or near-final) scan, the perception of the overall scan for this particular person can be significantly improved compared to using an unmodified scan.

[0029] In one example, the modification to the MR scan includes one or more of the following: reducing the duration of the MR scan; changing at least one parameter of the MR scan to cause a reduction in the noise level of the MR scan.

[0030] In one example, the processing unit is configured to place the at least one MR scan at a position within the MR scan sequence based on at least one MR scan that has at least one highest total score among the individual MR scans.

[0031] In one example, the at least one MR scan at a location within the MR scan sequence is the at least one MR scan that has the at least one highest total score among the individual MR scans.

[0032] In one example, the at least one MR scan at a location within the MR scan sequence is a modified at least one MR scan that has the at least one highest total score among the individual MR scans. The processing unit is configured to modify the at least one MR scan based on the total score of the at least one scan.

[0033] Therefore, it is possible to place the most unpleasant scan appropriately within the scan sequence to reduce the overall impact of that scan, and if there are multiple equally or nearly equally unpleasant scans, then these scans can be evenly distributed throughout the scan sequence (except near the end) to maximize the patient's overall perception of the MR examination and to maximize the effectiveness of the MR examination in terms of individual scan quality.

[0034] In one example, the modification to the MR scan includes one or more of the following: reducing the duration of the at least one MR scan; changing at least one parameter of the at least one MR scan to cause a reduction in the noise level of the at least one MR scan.

[0035] In a second aspect, an imaging system is provided, comprising:

[0036] Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit; and

[0037] According to the apparatus of the first aspect;

[0038] The MRI unit is configured to perform the MR scan sequence for the patient, as determined by the device, for the MR examination.

[0039] In a third aspect, a method is provided for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, the method comprising:

[0040] a) The input unit receives information about the MR examination to be performed on the patient, including details of the individual MR scan for the MR examination;

[0041] b) The input unit provides the processing unit with the information regarding the MR inspection;

[0042] c) The input unit receives information about the patient to whom the MR examination is to be performed, wherein the information relates to the patient’s tolerance to noise and / or the patient’s ability to remain still;

[0043] d) The input unit provides the processing unit with the information about the MR patient;

[0044] e) The processing unit determines a total score for each MR scan for the individual, the determination including using the information about the patient;

[0045] f) The processing unit determines the MR scan sequence for the MR examination, the determination including using the individual MR scans and the total score for each MR scan; and

[0046] g) The output unit outputs the determined MR scan sequence for the MR examination.

[0047] According to another aspect, a computer program unit is provided for controlling one or more devices or systems as described above, wherein if the computer program unit is run by a processing unit, the computer program unit is adapted to perform one or more methods as described above.

[0048] According to another aspect, a computer-readable medium storing the computer units as described above is provided.

[0049] The computer program unit can be, for example, a software program, but it can also be an FPGA, PLD, or any other suitable digital device.

[0050] Advantageously, the benefits provided by any one of the above aspects apply equally to all other aspects, and vice versa.

[0051] The above aspects and examples will become apparent and illustrated with reference to the embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0052] An exemplary embodiment will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic setup of an example of an apparatus for optimizing MR scan sequences in a magnetic resonance (MR) examination is shown;

[0054] Figure 2 A schematic setup of an example imaging system is shown; and

[0055] Figure 3 A method for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0056] Figure 1A schematic example of an apparatus 10 for optimizing MR scan sequences for a magnetic resonance (MR) examination is shown. The apparatus includes an input unit 20, a processing unit 30, and an output unit 40. The input unit is configured to receive information about the MR examination to be performed on a patient. This information includes details of the individual MR scans for the MR examination. The input unit is configured to provide the processing unit with information about the MR examination. The input unit is configured to receive information about the patient to whom the MR examination will be performed. The input unit is configured to provide the processing unit with information about the MR patient. The processing unit is configured to use the information about the patient to determine a total score for each MR scan for the individual MR scans. The processing unit is configured to determine the MR scan sequence for the MR examination, including using the individual MR scans and the total score for each MR scan. The output unit is configured to output the determined MR scan sequence for the MR examination.

[0057] According to one example, details about an individual MR scan include information about the noise level of each MR scan. Information about the patient includes information about the patient's noise tolerance. The processing unit is configured to use the information about the patient's noise tolerance to determine a noise score value for each MR scan for the individual MR scan. The total score value for each MR scan includes the noise score value for each MR scan.

[0058] According to one example, information about a patient's tolerance to noise includes one or more of the following: the patient's age; information about the patient's previous MR examinations, including whether the patient has had a previous MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

[0059] According to one example, details about an individual MR scan include information about the duration of each MR scan. Information about the patient includes information about the patient's ability to remain at rest over different time periods. The processing unit is configured to use the information about the patient's ability to remain at rest over different time periods to determine a duration score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan. The total score for each MR scan includes the duration score for each MR scan.

[0060] According to one example, information about a patient’s ability to remain static over different time periods includes one or more of the following: the patient’s age; information about the patient’s previous MR examinations, including whether the patient has had a previous MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

[0061] According to one example, the processing unit is configured to place the MR scan with the lowest total score in an individual MR scan in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, and optionally as the last scan in the MR scan sequence.

[0062] As an example, the scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, as well as the optional last scan, are the MR scans with the lowest total score in an individual MR scan.

[0063] According to one example, the scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, as well as the optional last scan, are modified MR scans with the lowest total score in an individual MR scan, and the processing unit is configured to modify the MR scan based on the total score of the MR scan.

[0064] According to one example, modifications to an MR scan include one or more of the following: reducing the duration of the MR scan; changing at least one parameter of the MR scan to cause a reduction in the noise level of the MR scan.

[0065] According to one example, the processing unit is configured to place at least one MR scan within the MR scan sequence based on at least one MR scan that has at least one highest total score in an individual MR scan.

[0066] According to one example, at least one MR scan at a location within an MR scan sequence is at least one MR scan in an individual MR scan that has at least one highest total score.

[0067] According to one example, at least one MR scan at a location within an MR scan sequence is a modified at least one MR scan that has at least one highest total score among individual MR scans. The processing unit is configured to modify at least one MR scan based on the total score of at least one scan.

[0068] According to one example, modifications to an MR scan include one or more of the following: reducing the duration of at least one MR scan; changing at least one parameter of at least one MR scan to cause a reduction in the noise level of the at least one MR scan.

[0069] Figure 2 A schematic example of an imaging system 100 is shown. This imaging system includes a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit 110 and as shown in the reference above. Figure 1 The described apparatus 10. The MRI unit is configured to perform MR scan sequences for MR examination of a patient, as determined by the apparatus.

[0070] Figure 3 A method 200 for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations is shown in its basic steps. The method includes:

[0071] In receiving step 210 (also referred to as step a), the input unit receives information about the MR examination to be performed on the patient, including details of the individual MR scan for the MR examination;

[0072] In step 220 (also referred to as step b), the input unit provides information about the MR inspection to the processing unit.

[0073] In receiving step 230 (also referred to as step c), the input unit receives information about the patient to whom an MR examination will be performed.

[0074] In step 240 (also referred to as step d), the input unit provides information about the MR patient to the processing unit.

[0075] In step 250 (also referred to as step e), the processing unit determines the total score value for each MR scan for an individual MR scan, and this determination includes using information about the patient.

[0076] In step 260 (also referred to as step f), the processing unit determines the MR scan sequence for the MR examination. This determination includes utilizing individual MR scans and a total score for each MR scan.

[0077] In output step 270 (also referred to as step g), the output unit outputs the determined MR scan sequence for MR examination.

[0078] In one example, details about the individual MR scan include information about the noise level of each MR scan. Information about the patient includes information about the patient's tolerance to noise. Step e) then includes determining a noise score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan, and the total score for each MR scan includes the noise score for each MR scan.

[0079] In one example, information about a patient’s tolerance to noise includes one or more of the following: the patient’s age; information about the patient’s previous MR examinations, including whether the patient has had a previous MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

[0080] In one example, details about the individual MR scan include information about the duration of each MR scan. Information about the patient includes information about the patient's ability to remain at rest over different time periods. Step e) then includes determining a duration score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan, and the total score for each MR scan includes the duration score for each MR scan.

[0081] In one example, information about a patient’s ability to remain static over different time periods includes one or more of the following: the patient’s age; information about the patient’s previous MR examinations, including whether the patient has had a previous MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

[0082] In one example, step f) includes placing the MR scan in the latter half of the MR scan sequence by the processing unit based on the MR scan with the lowest total score in the individual MR scan, and optionally as the last scan in the MR scan sequence.

[0083] In one example, the scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, as well as the optional last scan, are the MR scans with the lowest total score in the individual MR scans.

[0084] In one example, the scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, and optionally the last scan, are modified MR scans with the lowest total score among individual MR scans. Step f) then includes modifying the MR scan by the processing unit based on the total score of the MR scan.

[0085] In one example, modifications to an MR scan include one or more of the following: reducing the duration of the MR scan; changing at least one parameter of the MR scan to cause a reduction in the noise level of the MR scan.

[0086] In one example, step f) includes the processing unit placing the at least one MR scan at a position within the MR scan sequence based on at least one MR scan that has at least one highest total score in the individual MR scan.

[0087] In one example, at least one MR scan at a location within the MR scan sequence is at least one MR scan in an individual MR scan that has at least one highest total score.

[0088] In one example, at least one MR scan at a location within the MR scan sequence is a modified at least one MR scan with at least one highest total score in an individual MR scan, and step f) includes modifying at least one MR scan by the processing unit based on the total score of at least one scan.

[0089] In one example, modifying at least one MR scan includes one or more of the following: changing at least one duration of at least one MR scan; changing at least one parameter of at least one noise level of at least one MR scan.

[0090] Therefore, new techniques for automatically optimizing MR scan sequences for magnetic resonance (MR) examinations are based on the insight that when humans remember experiences consisting of sequences of events, the contribution of individual events to the overall perception of that experience is not equal. Perception is dominated by the most extreme event in the sequence and the last event. For example, if you give a person an extra, very mild pain at the end of a sequence of pain events, the subject will rate this sequence with extra (very mild) pain at the end as more pleasant than a sequence that ends with a higher level of pain without extra (very mild) pain at the end. This holds true as long as the extra last pain event is much more severe than most of the other events in the sequence. In fact, various types of human perceptual biases are known; in a sense, human perceptual stimuli or events are not as objective as measurement systems, but are biased in some form. The peak-end perception bias mentioned above is such an example. It has been recognized that it is possible not only to position the MR scans that constitute the sequence of an MR examination to maximize the patient's perception of how "pleasant" the experience is (or minimize the patient's perception of how unpleasant the experience is), thus making them better subjects for subsequent MR examinations, but also to enable optimized sequence scans to provide better image quality. This is because the patient is unlikely to move or actually panic and press the alarm-stop button, which would require one or more scans to be repeated if not the entire MR scan.

[0091] This new technology offers the following: For most types of MR scans, a trade-off exists between scan duration and image quality, as longer scans generally provide better image quality. A similar trade-off exists between scan duration and MR noise level, as shorter scans are typically louder. This new technology provides the ability to find the optimal balance among these trade-offs. On the other hand, scan duration and MR noise level are quantities that directly impact patient experience. Shorter and lower noise scans generally result in an improved patient experience. Furthermore, considering individual patient preferences regarding MR noise and scan duration, this new technology enables a balance between clinically desired quantities such as high image quality and scan speed and patient comfort and experience. This new technology also allows for the generation of automated arrangements of scan sequences, where scans using contrast agents can be excluded from this arrangement, as they are typically acquired at specific points within the scan sequence.

[0092] Apparatus, imaging systems, and methods for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations will now be described in more detail with respect to specific embodiments.

[0093] As discussed above, firstly, this device is based on the insight that the lack of clinical and technical constraints on the scanning sequence in many examinations provides the possibility of optimizing the patient experience by performing such choices. Secondly, this new technology is based on the insight that relevant patient experiences are related to the memory of the MR examination, rather than to the current or actual patient experience, because it occurs to the patient during the examination. Here, "relevant" means that patients with more positive experiences in their memory will:

[0094] Greater compliance and initiative in the immediate post-imaging workflow speeds up the post-imaging workflow and requires fewer staff for cleanup (e.g., during the time of leaving the imaging kit, putting it back on, and understanding information about the next steps).

[0095] Better and faster recovery from the stress of imaging examinations allows subjects to proceed to the next steps in the hospital workflow earlier than might otherwise;

[0096] Speeds up and improves the image quality of any subsequent scans because patients with a more positive experience / less anxiety are more cooperative;

[0097] It provides a better promoter score, which is an important metric for clinical departments.

[0098] Third, this new technology is based on the insight that memories from MR scans are influenced by the peak-end perceptual bias in humans. In particular, the most extreme perceptions of any of these scans and the pleasantness of the last scan largely determine the associated patient experience.

[0099] In summary, this new technology involves the following:

[0100] All scans were ranked according to their level of pleasure, based on commonly known preferences or even the patient's personal preferences.

[0101] Schedule the most pleasant scan at the end of the examination. This uses peak end bias to improve patient experience without affecting examination duration or image quality;

[0102] As described above, the most unpleasant scans are identified, and patient comfort is improved based on a trade-off involving duration and MR noise levels. This uses peak end bias to significantly improve patient experience with minimal impact on overall scan efficiency, as only the selected scans are slowed down.

[0103] The following provides specific details about some aspects of this new technology.

[0104] Obtain the preferences of each patient group regarding level of enjoyment.

[0105] Patient preferences vary by patient group. For example, younger patients tend to prefer short, loud scans to long, quiet scans because children, in particular, are not as disturbed by loud noise as older adults. However, children may find enduring long scans or examinations (where they must remain still) particularly unsettling, while this is not a major issue for many adults.

[0106] Therefore, this new technology involves defining heuristic prior preferences for each scan type parameterized by scan duration, scan noise, and motion sensitivity, as well as for each patient group (or actually individuals within that group), based on these and other rules.

[0107] Furthermore, this new technology also involves obtaining statistics on the tolerance / pleasure level of each scan type, parameterized by scan duration, scan noise, and motion sensitivity. These statistics can be obtained by evaluating the percentage of scans that must be interrupted for each scan and for each patient group. They can also be obtained based on an in-examination questionnaire containing the question, "How would you rate the pleasure level of your last scan on a scale of 1 to 5?" Additionally, they can be obtained based on a post-examination questionnaire.

[0108] Obtaining patients' personal preferences

[0109] It is also possible to obtain personal preferences by collecting any type of information from the patient, such as through a questionnaire before the examination. Questionnaire questions include: "Do you prefer a louder and shorter scan or a quieter and longer scan?", "Do you prefer to remain still for a short while, or allow slight movement and then have a longer scan?", "Do you prefer a short scan and hold your breath a few times for it, or do you want to breathe normally and have a longer scan for it?".

[0110] In addition to questionnaire information, preference information can be collected through a variety of different methods.

[0111] For the first time, it was possible to provide patients with augmented reality simulation headsets and ask them to lie on a table to simulate scanning noise, chest movement, scanning commands, and breath-holding in order to elicit responses to personal preferences.

[0112] Individual preferences can also be derived based on known individual patient characteristics (e.g., past experiences and current patient condition). If subjecting hearing-impaired patients to high-noise scans is safe, then hearing-impaired patients may not experience the same level of discomfort as those with unimpaired hearing. Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) find being forced to remain still for extended periods particularly unpleasant. Patients with respiratory disorders find breath-holding scans very unpleasant. Patients with claustrophobia find scans that place their heads inside their chest particularly unpleasant.

[0113] The scan sorting based on the level of pleasure

[0114] For each scan, parameters influencing pleasure level are analyzed, including at least scan noise, scan duration, and motion sensitivity. This can be accomplished through a simple analysis of the scan type and parameters known to the MR specialist. These three parameters are then converted into a pleasure level using an empirical function, which can be based on a rule or lookup table with weighted parameters. As is typically done in such functions, it can include several terms, each with a weighting factor to adjust its relative strength. The function may include parameters dependent on those extracted from the statistics mentioned above. It may also include parameters dependent on individual data (as responses to questionnaires or patient conditions as mentioned above). As a result, a total pleasure index (or score) is calculated for each scan examined.

[0115] Determining the most pleasant and least pleasant scans

[0116] First, identify the most pleasant scan. Second, identify one or more of the most unpleasant scans. Thus, considering several similar unpleasant scans, it is possible to identify the 20% (or smaller or larger percentage) of the most unpleasant scans, where 100% corresponds to the duration of all scans.

[0117] Modifications to the most pleasant scan

[0118] However, the trade-offs mentioned above can still be used to improve the pleasantness of the most pleasant scan to provide a more optimized scan, but this is not necessary. Therefore, this is done to selectively improve the pleasantness of such a scan (as measured by the function mentioned above). Trade-offs include, for example, converting scan duration into noise, and vice versa. The range to which these trade-off scans can be varied is determined by the MR device processing unit and its running software (e.g., using the scoring system described above).

[0119] Modifications to (one or more) of the most unpleasant scans

[0120] The same trade-offs are then used to modify (one or more) of the least pleasant scans. This is done to selectively improve the pleasantness of these scans (as measured by the function mentioned above). Note that this selective modification of the most pleasant and (one or more) least pleasant scans optimizes all other scans for image quality and short scan duration, thus only slightly altering the overall quality and efficiency of the entire examination.

[0121] Determining the scanning order

[0122] In the final stage, the most pleasant scans are placed last in the scanning sequence. The least pleasant scans are distributed throughout the examination well before the end, and if there are several particularly unpleasant scans, then more pleasant scans are used to break them up. The patient can be automatically notified that there will be a (single) somewhat unpleasant scan next, as this can alleviate his / her condition.

[0123] As a result, patients will be more compliant and cooperative in the immediate post-imaging workflow and in subsequent procedures, which will improve the speed and image quality of these scans. For example, if a child is more cooperative during the first examination, he or she is more likely to cooperate during the next examination. Conversely, if it is initially severely disrupted, it may lead to non-cooperation, reduced image quality, increased time, or even the need for sedation with medication in later examinations.

[0124] Implementation examples for optimizing the entire workflow from home to hospital and back to home.

[0125] It's generally impossible to change the order of events throughout the workflow, and in a sense, the most pleasant events are saved for last. Therefore, in some cases, a particularly pleasant event is added at the end of the entire workflow (e.g., in the form of a guide application that releases an overview of all implementations and praises good patient compliance).

[0126] This pleasant event can be added separately at the end of each stage of the event, such as at the end of patient information and family training.

[0127] It allows users to complete a questionnaire to rate all events in the "home-to-home" workflow based on their level of enjoyment, with a particular focus on identifying the most unpleasant events. This provides an opportunity to improve the process.

[0128] In another exemplary embodiment, a computer program or computer program unit is provided, characterized in that it is configured to run method steps of a method according to an embodiment of the foregoing embodiments on a suitable device or system.

[0129] Therefore, the computer program unit may be stored on the computer unit, which may also be part of the embodiment. The computing unit can be configured to execute or cause the execution of the steps of the described methods. Furthermore, the computing unit can be configured to operate components of the described apparatus and / or system. The computing unit can be configured to automatically operate and / or execute user commands. The computer program can be loaded into the working memory of the data processor. The data processor can therefore be equipped to execute the method according to one embodiment of the foregoing embodiments.

[0130] This exemplary embodiment of the invention covers both computer programs that use the invention from the outset and computer programs that convert existing programs into programs that use the invention.

[0131] Additionally, computer program elements may be able to provide all the necessary steps to complete the exemplary embodiments of the method described above.

[0132] According to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable medium, such as a CD-ROM, a USB stick, etc., is provided, wherein the computer-readable medium has computer program units stored on the computer-readable medium, the computer program units being described in the preceding sections.

[0133] Computer programs can be stored and / or distributed on suitable media, such as optical storage media or solid-state media supplied together with or as part of other hardware, but can also be distributed in other forms, such as via the Internet or other wired or wireless telecommunications systems.

[0134] However, computer programs can also exist on networks (such as the World Wide Web) and can be downloaded from such networks into the working memory of a data processor. According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a medium is provided for making computer program units available for download, said computer program units being arranged to perform a method according to an embodiment of the previously described embodiments of the invention.

[0135] It should be noted that embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to different subjects. In particular, some embodiments are described with reference to method claims, while others are described with reference to apparatus claims. However, unless otherwise stated, those skilled in the art will infer from the above and below that any combination of features relating to different subjects, in addition to any combination of features belonging to one type of subject matter, is also considered to be disclosed in this application. However, all features can be combined to provide synergistic effects beyond the simple addition of features.

[0136] Although the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the accompanying drawings and the foregoing description, such illustrations and descriptions should be considered illustrative or exemplary, and not restrictive. The invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Those skilled in the art, through studying the drawings, the disclosure, and the claims, will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in practicing the claimed invention.

[0137] In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the words "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. A single processor or other unit can perform the functions of several items recited in the claims. Although certain measures are recited in different dependent claims, this does not indicate that combinations of these measures cannot be advantageously used. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope.

Claims

1. An apparatus (10) for optimizing MR scan sequences in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations, the apparatus comprising: Input unit (20); Processing unit (30); as well as Output unit (40); The input unit is configured to receive information about an MR examination to be performed on a patient, the information including details of an individual MR scan of the MR examination, and the input unit is configured to provide the information about the MR examination to the processing unit. The input unit is configured to receive information about the patient to whom the MR examination is to be performed, wherein the information relates to the patient’s tolerance to noise and / or the patient’s ability to remain still, and wherein the input unit is configured to provide the information about the patient to the processing unit. The processing unit is configured to use the information about the patient to determine a total score for each MR scan for the individual MR scan; The processing unit is configured to determine the MR scan sequence for the MR examination, including utilizing the individual MR scans and the total score for each MR scan; and The output unit is configured to output the determined MR scan sequence for the MR examination.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The details regarding the individual MR scans include information about the noise level of each MR scan and information relating to the patient's tolerance to noise, wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a noise score for each MR scan of the individual MR scan, and wherein the total score for each MR scan includes the noise score for each MR scan.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein, The information regarding the patient's tolerance to noise includes one or more of the following: the patient's age; information regarding previous MR examinations performed by the patient, including whether the patient has previously undergone an MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

4. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein, The details regarding the individual MR scans include information about the duration of each MR scan and information relating to the patient’s ability to remain static, wherein the processing unit is configured to determine a duration score for each MR scan for the individual MR scans, and wherein the total score for each MR scan includes the duration score for each MR scan.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein, The information regarding the patient's ability to remain static over different time periods includes one or more of the following: the patient's age; information regarding previous MR examinations performed by the patient, including whether the patient has previously undergone an MR examination; and questionnaire information provided by the patient.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 and 5, wherein, The processing unit is configured to place the MR scan in the latter half of the MR scan sequence based on the MR scan with the lowest total score in the individual MR scans, and optionally as the last scan in the MR scan sequence.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, The scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence, and optionally the last scan, are the MR scans with the lowest total score in the individual MR scans.

8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein, The scans in the latter half of the MR scan sequence and optionally the last scan are modified MR scans with the lowest total score in the individual MR scans, and wherein the processing unit is configured to modify the MR scans based on the total score of the MR scans; and optionally, wherein the modification of the MR scans includes one or more of the following: reducing the duration of the MR scans; changing at least one parameter of the MR scans to cause a reduction in the noise level of the MR scans.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8, wherein, The processing unit is configured to place the at least one MR scan at a position within the MR scan sequence based on at least one MR scan that has at least one highest total score among the individual MR scans.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, The at least one MR scan at a location within the MR scan sequence is the at least one MR scan that has the highest total score among the individual MR scans.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein, The at least one MR scan at a location within the MR scan sequence is a modified at least one MR scan that has the at least one highest total score among the individual MR scans, and wherein the processing unit is configured to modify the at least one MR scan based on the total score of the at least one scan.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The modification to the MR scan includes one or more of the following: reducing the duration of the at least one MR scan; changing at least one parameter of the at least one MR scan to cause a reduction in the noise level of the at least one MR scan.

13. An imaging system (100), comprising: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit (110); as well as The apparatus (10) according to any one of claims 1-12; The MRI unit is configured to perform the MR scan sequence for the patient, as determined by the device, for the MR examination.

14. A method (200) for optimizing an MR scan sequence in a magnetic resonance (MR) examination, the method comprising: a) The input unit receives (210) information about the MR examination to be performed on the patient, the information including details of the individual MR scan of the MR examination; b) The input unit provides (220) the information about the MR examination to the processing unit; c) The input unit receives (230) information about the patient to whom the MR examination is to be performed, wherein the information relates to the patient’s tolerance to noise and / or the patient’s ability to remain still; d) The input unit provides (240) the information about the patient to the processing unit; e) The processing unit determines (250) a total score value for each MR scan for the individual MR scan, the determination including using the information about the patient; f) The processing unit determines (260) the MR scan sequence for the MR examination, the determination including using the individual MR scans and the total score for each MR scan; and g) The MR scan sequence for the MR examination determined by the output unit (270).

15. A computer program unit for controlling an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12 and / or a system according to claim 13, the computer program unit being configured, when run by a processor, to perform the method according to claim 14.

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