Fuel cell vehicle thermal management system and method

Abstract

The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system comprises an air conditioner refrigeration cycle, a power system cooling cycle, a fuel stack temperature control cycle, an air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle, a power battery temperature control cycle and a controller, the air conditioner refrigeration cycle is connected with the power battery temperature control cycle to dissipate heat for the power battery temperature control cycle, the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle is connected with the power battery temperature control cycle to provide heat for the power battery temperature control cycle, the fuel stack temperature control cycle is connected with the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle to provide heat for the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle, and the fuel stack temperature control cycle, the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle and the power battery temperature control cycle are sequentially arranged from front to back. The application integrates and designs the whole vehicle thermal management cycle, classifies and integrates the component cooling and heating requirements according to the temperature and heat control characteristics, reduces the number of cycles in the thermal management system, realizes the whole vehicle thermal management of the fuel cell vehicle under different environmental conditions, and avoids the redundancy of the thermal management system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a fuel cell vehicle thermal management system and method, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell vehicle thermal management. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen energy is the best way for large-scale long-period storage of centralized renewable energy. Fuel cell vehicles are the leading field of hydrogen energy utilization, and their mission is to drive the overall development of hydrogen energy. The power system of a fuel cell vehicle has many parts and a complex structure, and less heat is taken away by exhaust gas. A large amount of heat needs to be taken out by a cooling system. In addition, at a low ambient temperature and during cold start, heating facilities are needed to heat the system to maintain a suitable reaction temperature. Therefore, the corresponding thermal management system is the key system affecting the performance of the fuel cell vehicle and is also a difficulty in technical development.

[0003] In the actual operation process of a fuel cell vehicle, the components that need to be cooled mainly include a fuel cell stack, a fuel cell air compressor, a fuel cell intercooler, a fuel cell DC / DC, a power battery system, a drive motor, a drive system controller and an air conditioner. The components that need to be heated mainly include passenger cabin heating and defrosting in winter, power battery insulation in winter, fuel cell low-temperature start-up and heating and the like. The fuel cell vehicle has many cooling and heating requirements, and the requirements are quite different. However, the current fuel cell vehicle thermal management is decoupled with the air conditioning system, the power battery temperature control system and the vehicle electric drive cooling cycle. Due to the lack of a corresponding comprehensive thermal management system, the fuel cell thermal management system is relatively dispersed, which causes the vehicle thermal management system to have many parts and some parts to be repeatedly arranged. Meanwhile, a large amount of waste heat of the fuel cell stack cannot be utilized and is wasted, which is not conducive to saving layout space and comprehensive control.

[0004] Retrieved relevant patent documents:

[0005] 1. CN202210043454.1 - Plug-in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle thermal management system and control method thereof;

[0006] 2. CN202210942980.1 - Fuel cell vehicle thermal management system and control method;

[0007] 3. CN202211201567.6 - Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle thermal management system and method;

[0008] 4. CN202211346144.3 - Fuel cell vehicle thermal management system and vehicle;

[0009] 5. CN202222760680.X - Hydrogen energy electric vehicle thermal management system. SUMMARY

[0010] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system and method provided by the application classify and integrate component cooling and heating requirements according to temperature and heat control characteristics, reduce the number of cycles in the thermal management system, simplify the pipeline structure, reduce the number of components, improve the operation efficiency of the thermal management system, effectively reduce the space volume of the thermal management system, improve the heat dissipation efficiency, improve the thermal management level, reduce the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, optimize the working mode of the heat dissipation system, realize the whole vehicle thermal management of the fuel cell vehicle under different environmental conditions such as low-temperature starting, winter heating and normal heat dissipation, save the energy utilization of the whole vehicle, improve the power economy of the whole vehicle, and avoid the redundancy of the thermal management system.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the application is:

[0012] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system is characterized in that: the system comprises an air conditioner refrigeration cycle for supporting the air conditioning refrigeration of the passenger cabin and the cooling of the power battery, a power system cooling cycle for supporting the cooling of the components with small heat dissipation requirements and close cooling liquid temperature requirements in the whole vehicle power system, a fuel stack temperature control cycle for providing temperature control support for the fuel stack, an air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle for providing heat for the air conditioner warm air and the heating of the power battery, a power battery temperature control cycle for providing temperature control support for the power battery, and a controller for coordinating and controlling the operation of the whole thermal management system; the air conditioner refrigeration cycle is connected with the power battery temperature control cycle to dissipate heat for the power battery temperature control cycle; the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle is connected with the power battery temperature control cycle to provide heat for the power battery temperature control cycle; the fuel stack temperature control cycle, the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle and the power battery temperature control cycle are sequentially arranged in sequence.

[0013] Preferably, the fuel stack temperature control cycle comprises a radiator one, a filter, an electronic water pump one and a fuel stack heat dissipation water jacket which are sequentially connected in series to form a loop; an electric heater one powered by the power supply of the whole vehicle is connected in parallel on the connecting pipeline of the electronic water pump one and the fuel stack heat dissipation water jacket; the water inlet of the electric heater one is connected with the water inlet of the electronic water pump one and the water outlet of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle; the water outlet of the electric heater one is connected with the water outlet of the fuel stack heat dissipation water jacket and the water inlet of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle; the water inlet of the radiator one is connected with a liquid supplementing pot one through a deionization tank.

[0014] Preferably, the water inlet of the electric heater one is connected with a four-way valve, the water outlet of the electric heater one is connected with a three-way valve one, the four-way valve is connected between the filter and the electronic water pump one and is connected with the water outlet of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle and the water inlet of the electric heater one, the three-way valve one is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell heat sink and the water inlet of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle, the four-way valve and the three-way valve one control the on-off of the fuel cell temperature control cycle and the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle and adjust the working medium flow in the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle.

[0015] Preferably, the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle comprises a three-way valve two connected with the three-way valve one, a three-way valve three connected with the four-way valve, a heating core and a double Chiller heating channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle, the heating core is connected in series between the three-way valve two and the three-way valve three, the power battery temperature control cycle is connected in parallel with the heating core through the double Chiller heating channel, the three-way valve two adjusts the working medium flow into the heating core and the power battery temperature control cycle, and the three-way valve three adjusts the working medium flow out of the heating core and the power battery temperature control cycle.

[0016] Preferably, the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle further comprises an electronic water pump two connected with the three-way valve three (404), the electronic water pump two shares the electric heater one with the fuel cell temperature control cycle, and the electronic water pump two, the electric heater one and the heating core are connected in series to form a loop; or an electric heater two powered by the vehicle power supply is connected in series on the electronic water pump two, the electronic water pump two, the electric heater two and the heating core are connected in series to form a loop, and the water inlets of the electronic water pump one and the electronic water pump two are respectively connected with a liquid supplementing pot one.

[0017] Preferably, the power battery temperature control cycle comprises an electronic water pump three, a power battery water jacket and a double Chiller connected in series to form a loop, the double Chiller is connected with the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle and the air conditioning refrigeration cycle respectively, a sensor one is arranged on the pipeline between the double Chiller and the electronic water pump three, and the water inlets of the electronic water pump three and the power battery water jacket are respectively connected with a liquid supplementing pot two.

[0018] Preferably, the air conditioning refrigeration cycle comprises a compressor, a front-end condenser, an air conditioning evaporator and a double Chiller refrigeration channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle, the compressor, the front-end condenser and the air conditioning evaporator are connected in series to form a loop, the power battery temperature control cycle is connected in parallel with the air conditioning evaporator through the double Chiller refrigeration channel, the water inlet of the air conditioning evaporator is connected with an electronic expansion valve one for adjusting the working medium flow, the water inlet of the double Chiller refrigeration channel is connected with an electronic expansion valve two for adjusting the working medium flow, and a sensor two is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor and the front-end condenser.

[0019] Preferably, the power system cooling cycle comprises, in sequence, a radiator two, an electronic water pump four, an electronic control system radiator, a motor radiator, and a fuel cell intercooler, the water inlet of the electronic water pump four and the water inlet of the radiator two are respectively connected to the liquid supplementing pot three, a fuel cell accessory radiator is connected in parallel to the fuel cell intercooler, and a three-way valve four is connected to the water inlet of the fuel cell accessory radiator, the water inlet of the fuel cell intercooler, and the water outlet of the motor radiator, so as to adjust the flow of the working medium into the fuel cell accessory radiator and the fuel cell intercooler.

[0020] Preferably, the front-end condenser is arranged in parallel with the radiator two, a fan one is arranged at the rear side of the radiator two, and a fan two is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one; or the front-end condenser is arranged in parallel with the radiator two at the front side of the radiator one, and a fan two is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one.

[0021] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management method adopts the fuel cell vehicle heat pipe system described above for thermal management, and is characterized in that,

[0022] In the hybrid mode:

[0023] The fuel cell stack is started to operate, if the ring temperature detected after the vehicle is started is lower than the lower limit of the working temperature of the fuel cell stack, the controller controls the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle to operate to heat the fuel cell stack; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the lower limit of the working temperature, the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle is closed; after the fuel cell stack normally operates, the power system cooling cycle is started to operate to provide heat dissipation support for the vehicle heat dissipation system; when the power battery needs to be heated and / or the air conditioner needs to be heated, the controller controls the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle and the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle to be connected and operated, to provide heat for the power battery heating and / or the air conditioner warm air;

[0024] When the air conditioner needs to be refrigerated and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the controller controls the air conditioner refrigeration cycle to operate, to provide support for the air conditioner refrigeration and / or the power battery cooling;

[0025] In the pure electric mode:

[0026] The fuel cell stack is not started, when the power battery needs to be heated and / or the air conditioner needs to be heated, the controller controls the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle to operate, to provide heat for the power battery heating and / or the air conditioner warm air;

[0027] When the air conditioner needs to be refrigerated and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the controller controls the air conditioner refrigeration cycle to operate, to provide support for the air conditioner refrigeration and / or the power battery cooling.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the application are:

[0029] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of the present application integrates and designs the whole vehicle thermal management cycle, integrates the cooling pipelines of the cooling components with small heat dissipation demand and close cooling liquid temperature requirement in the power system cooling cycle, integrates the cooling pipelines of the air conditioning refrigeration and power battery cooling in the air conditioning refrigeration cycle, integrates the temperature control pipelines for the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle, integrates the heating pipelines for the air conditioning warm air and power battery heating in the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle, integrates the temperature control pipelines for the power battery temperature control in the power battery temperature control cycle, classifies and integrates the component cooling and heating demand according to the temperature and heat control characteristics, reduces the number of cycles in the thermal management system, reduces the pipeline structure, reduces the component number, meets the whole vehicle power system heat dissipation requirement and the air conditioning refrigeration and heating, power battery heating and cooling thermal management target requirement, improves the thermal management system operation efficiency and effectively reduces the space volume of the thermal management system, reduces the space occupancy of the thermal management system in the vehicle, connects and controls the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle and the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle, forms the nearby centralized arrangement of the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle, the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle and the power battery temperature control cycle, reduces the large temperature difference heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack, realizes the utilization of the fuel cell waste heat for the air conditioning heating and power battery heating, realizes the efficient utilization of the heat and cold, improves the heat dissipation efficiency, improves the thermal management level, reduces the whole vehicle energy consumption, optimizes the working mode of the heat dissipation system, realizes the whole vehicle thermal management of the fuel cell vehicle under different environmental conditions such as low temperature start, winter heating and normal heat dissipation, saves the whole vehicle energy utilization, improves the whole vehicle power economy, avoids the redundancy of the thermal management system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The pipeline structure diagram of the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system for sharing the electric heater of the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle and the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle.

[0031] Figure 2 The management structure diagram of the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle for having the independent electric heater in the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle.

[0032] Figure 3 The front end heat dissipation structure in the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system.

[0033] Figure 4 Another front end heat dissipation structure in the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system. EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The following will be combined Figures 1-4 The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail.

[0035] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system is characterized in that: it comprises an air conditioning refrigeration cycle 100 for supporting air conditioning refrigeration of the passenger cabin and cooling of the power battery, a power system cooling cycle 200 for providing heat dissipation support for the components in the vehicle power system which have small heat dissipation demand and close cooling liquid temperature requirement, a fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300 for providing temperature control support for the fuel cell stack, an air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 for providing heat for air conditioning warm air and power battery heating, a power battery temperature control cycle 500 for providing temperature control support for the power battery, and a controller 800 for coordinating and controlling the operation of the whole thermal management system; the air conditioning refrigeration cycle 100 is connected with the power battery temperature control cycle 500 to dissipate heat for the power battery temperature control cycle 500; the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 is connected with the power battery temperature control cycle 500 to provide heat for the power battery temperature control cycle 500; the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300 is connected with the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 to provide heat for the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400; and the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300, the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 are sequentially arranged from front to back.

[0036] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system described above integrates and designs the vehicle thermal management cycle, integrates the cooling circuits of the vehicle electronic control system, the power motor, the fuel cell stack accessories, the water air cooling and other cooling requirements and the cooling liquid temperature requirements of the cooling components close to the cooling circuit 100 of the power system, integrates the cooling circuits of the air conditioning refrigeration and the power battery cooling in the air conditioning refrigeration cycle 200, integrates the temperature control circuits for the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300, integrates the heating circuits for the air conditioning warm air and the power battery heating in the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400, integrates the temperature control circuits for the power battery temperature control in the power battery temperature control cycle 500, classifies and integrates the component cooling and heating requirements according to the temperature and heat control characteristics, reduces the number of cycles in the thermal management system, reduces the pipeline structure, reduces the number of components, meets the vehicle power system heat dissipation requirements and the thermal management target requirements of the passenger compartment refrigeration and heating, power battery heating and cooling, and improves the operation efficiency of the thermal management system and effectively reduces the space volume of the thermal management system, so as to reduce the space occupancy rate of the thermal management system in the vehicle; the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle is connected and controlled with the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle, the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300, the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 are arranged in a centralized manner, the large temperature difference heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack is reduced, the utilization of the fuel cell waste heat for air conditioning heating and power battery heating is realized, the efficient utilization of heat and cold is realized, the heat dissipation efficiency is improved, the thermal management level is improved, the vehicle energy consumption is reduced, the working mode of the heat dissipation system is optimized, the vehicle thermal management of the fuel cell vehicle under different environmental conditions such as low temperature starting, winter heating and normal heat dissipation is realized, the vehicle energy utilization is saved, the vehicle power economy is improved, and the thermal management system redundancy is avoided.

[0037] The fuel cell temperature control cycle 300 comprises a radiator 302, a filter 305, an electronic water pump 301 and a fuel cell radiator water jacket 306 connected in series, an electric heater 303 powered by the vehicle power supply connected in parallel with the electronic water pump 301 and the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306, the water inlet of the electric heater 303 connected with the water inlet of the electronic water pump 301 and the water outlet of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400, the water outlet of the electric heater 303 connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306 and the water inlet of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400, and the water inlet of the radiator 302 connected with the liquid supplementing pot 308 through a deionization tank 304. The radiator 302, the filter 305, the electronic water pump 301 and the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306 form a heat dissipation circuit of the fuel cell, the electric heater 303 is connected in parallel with the electronic water pump 301 and the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306, forming a heating circuit of the electric heater 303, the electronic water pump 301 and the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306 connected in series, which can heat the fuel cell to normal start when the fuel cell cannot be started normally due to low temperature, and the heat dissipation circuit of the radiator 302, the filter 305, the electronic water pump 301 and the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306 can support the heat dissipation of the fuel cell to control the temperature of the fuel cell within the working temperature range, and the air conditioning refrigeration cycle 200 can provide heat dissipation support for the components in the vehicle power system which have small heat dissipation demand and require close cooling liquid temperature.

[0038] The water inlet of the electric heater 303 is connected with a four-way valve 307, the water outlet of the electric heater 303 is connected with a three-way valve 309, the four-way valve 307 is connected between the filter 305 and the electronic water pump 301 and connects the water outlet of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400 with the water inlet of the electric heater 303, the three-way valve 309 connects the water outlet of the fuel cell radiator water jacket 306 with the water inlet of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400, the four-way valve 307 and the three-way valve 309 control the on-off of the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300 and the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400 and adjust the flow of the working medium in the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400. The three-way valve 309 adjusts the inlet flow of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400, the four-way valve 307 adjusts the outlet flow of the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400, and the controller 800 controls the four-way valve 307 and the three-way valve 309 to adjust the working medium in the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400, so that the flow of the working medium in the air conditioning and heating battery heating cycle 400 meets the heat demand of the air conditioning and heating.

[0039] The air conditioner heating battery heating cycle 400 comprises a three-way valve two 403 connected with the three-way valve one 309, a three-way valve three 404 connected with the four-way valve 307, a heating core 402, and a double Chiller heating channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle 500. The heating core 402 is connected in series between the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404. The power battery temperature control cycle 500 is connected in parallel with the heating core 402 through the double Chiller heating channel. The three-way valve two 403 adjusts the working medium flow into the heating core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500. The three-way valve three 404 adjusts the working medium flow out of the heating core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500. The heating core 402 and the double Chiller heating channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle 500 are connected in parallel through the three-way valve two 403. The working medium flow in the heating core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 is controlled through the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404 to realize the power control of the air conditioner heating power battery heating. The air conditioner heating and the power battery heating make full use of the fuel cell stack waste heat. The power battery heating and the passenger cabin heating in a low temperature environment use the fuel cell stack generated waste heat, which is conducive to energy saving and range increasing, improves the vehicle power economy, and avoids the redundancy of the thermal management system.

[0040] The air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400 further comprises an electronic water pump two 401 connected with the three-way valve three 404, the electronic water pump two 401 shares the electric heater one 303 with the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300, the electronic water pump two 401, the electric heater one 303 and the warm air core 402 are connected in series to form a loop; or the electronic water pump two 401 is connected in series with the electric heater two 405 powered by the vehicle power supply, the electronic water pump two 401, the electric heater two 405 and the warm air core 402 are connected in series to form a loop, and the water inlets of the electronic water pump one 301 and the electronic water pump two 401 are connected with the liquid supplementing pot one 308. When the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400 shares the electric heater one 303 with the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300, the electronic water pump two 401, the electric heater one 303 and the warm air core 402 are connected in series to form a loop, when the air conditioner warm air or the power battery heating needs to be started without starting the fuel cell, the electric heater one 303 is used to provide heating heat, the electronic water pump two 401 is used to provide heat transfer working medium for the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400, the heating power of the electric heater one 303 is adjusted to adjust the heating power of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400, and the distribution of the heating power of the warm air core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 is adjusted by controlling the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404. When the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400 has the independent electric heater two 405, the electronic water pump two 401, the electric heater two 405 and the warm air core 402 are connected in series to form a loop, when the air conditioner warm air or the power battery heating needs to be started without starting the fuel cell, the electric heater two 405 is used to provide heating heat, the electronic water pump two 401 is used to provide heat transfer working medium for the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400, the heating power of the electric heater two 405 is adjusted to adjust the heating power of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle 400, and the distribution of the heating power of the warm air core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 is adjusted by controlling the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404.

[0041] The power battery temperature control cycle 500 comprises an electronic water pump three 501, a power battery water jacket 502 and a double Chiller 503 connected in series, the double Chiller 503 is connected with the air conditioner heating battery heating cycle 400 and the air conditioner refrigeration cycle 100, a sensor one 505 is arranged on the pipeline between the double Chiller 503 and the electronic water pump three 501, and the water inlet of the electronic water pump three 501 and the water outlet of the power battery water jacket 502 are respectively connected with a liquid supplementing pot two 504. The circuit formed by the electronic water pump three 501, the power battery water jacket 502 and the double Chiller 503 controls the temperature of the power battery, the controller 800 controls the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404 to adjust the working medium flow according to the real-time transmission data of the temperature sensor one 505, so as to adjust the heating power of the double Chiller 503 and realize the temperature control of the power battery. The double Chiller refers to a double-path plate-type cold and heat integrated heat exchanger, and the double Chiller heating channel refers to the heating channel of the double-path plate-type cold and heat integrated heat exchanger.

[0042] The air conditioner refrigeration cycle 100 comprises a compressor 101, a front-end condenser 102, an air conditioner evaporator 104 and a double Chiller refrigeration channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle 500, the compressor 101, the front-end condenser 102 and the air conditioner evaporator 104 are connected in series to form a loop, the power battery temperature control cycle 500 is connected with the air conditioner evaporator 104 in parallel through the double Chiller refrigeration channel, the water inlet of the air conditioner evaporator 104 is connected with an electronic expansion valve one 103 for adjusting the working medium flow, the water inlet of the double Chiller refrigeration channel is connected with an electronic expansion valve two 105 for adjusting the working medium flow, and a sensor two 109 is arranged on the pipeline between the compressor 101 and the front-end condenser 102. The air conditioner refrigeration cycle 100 provides refrigeration support for the passenger cabin air conditioner refrigeration and power battery cooling, when the air conditioner needs refrigeration and / or the power battery needs cooling, the controller 800 controls the air conditioner refrigeration cycle 100 to run to provide support for the air conditioner refrigeration and / or the power battery cooling, the compressor 101 is started, the electronic expansion valve one 103 and the electronic expansion valve two 105 are controlled by the controller 800 to adjust the refrigeration capacity of the air conditioner evaporator 104 and the double Chiller 503 respectively. The rotation speed parameter of the compressor 101 is adjusted by the controller 800 according to the refrigeration capacity demand. The double Chiller refrigeration channel refers to the refrigeration channel of the double-path plate-type cold and heat integrated heat exchanger.

[0043] The power system cooling cycle 200 includes, in sequence, the radiator two 202, the electronic water pump four 201, the electronic control system radiator 203, the motor radiator 204 and the stack intercooler 205, the water inlet of the electronic water pump four 201 is connected to the water inlet of the radiator two 202, respectively, the liquid supplementing pot three 207, the fuel stack accessory radiator 206 is connected in parallel to the stack intercooler 205, and the fuel stack accessory radiator 206 inlet, the stack intercooler 205 inlet and the motor radiator 204 outlet are connected through the three-way valve four 208 to adjust the flow of the working medium into the fuel stack accessory radiator 206 and the stack intercooler 205. The power system cooling cycle 200 provides cooling support for the components in the vehicle power system which have small heat dissipation requirements and close cooling liquid temperature requirements, and classifies and integrates the cooling and heating requirements of the components according to the temperature and heat control characteristics, connects the fuel stack accessories, the stack intercooler, the vehicle driving motor, the electronic control system and the like in series and parallel through pipelines, reduces the number of circulation in the thermal management system, simplifies the pipeline structure, and reduces the number of components, so as to meet the heat management target requirements of the vehicle power system cooling, the passenger compartment refrigeration and heating, and the power battery heating and cooling.

[0044] The front-end condenser 102 and the radiator two 202 are arranged side by side in front of and behind each other, and the fan one 601 is arranged at the rear side of the radiator two 202, and the fan two 602 is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one 302; or the front-end condenser 102 and the radiator two 202 are arranged side by side in front of the radiator one 302, and the fan two 602 is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one 302. The front-end heat dissipation of the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system has two structures. One is that the front-end condenser 102 and the radiator two 202 are arranged side by side in front of and behind each other, and the fan one 601 is arranged at the rear side of the radiator two 202, and the fan two 602 is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one 302, and the fan one 601 provides cooling air volume for the front-end condenser 102 and the radiator two 202, and the fan two 602 provides cooling air volume for the radiator one 302, as shown in Figure 3 The other is that the front-end condenser 102 and the radiator two 202 are arranged side by side in front of the radiator one 302, and the fan two 602 is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one 302, and the fan two 602 provides cooling air volume for the front-end condenser 102, the radiator two 202 and the radiator one 302, as shown in Figure 4 The parameters of the fan one 601 and the fan two 602 are adjusted by the controller 800 according to the refrigeration amount requirement.

[0045] The working principle of the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system described above is explained in detail as follows:

[0046] a. When the ambient temperature is high (such as in summer)

[0047] Various components are in need of heat dissipation, the fuel cell stack dissipates heat through radiator one 302, other components dissipate heat through radiator two 202, and the air conditioning system dissipates heat through front end condenser 102.

[0048] Wherein, the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 is closed through the control of three-way valve one 309 and four-way valve 307, and the circuit in which the electric heater one 303 is located is closed through the control of four-way valve 307.

[0049] When the air conditioner needs to be cooled or the power battery needs to be cooled, the compressor 101 is started, the controller 800 controls the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve two 105 and the electronic expansion valve one 103, and adjusts the cooling power of the air conditioning cooling cycle 100 according to the real-time sensing value of the sensor two 109, the rotation speed of the compressor 101, and the rotation speed of the fan 601, and adjusts the cooling power in the air conditioning evaporator 104 and the double Chiller 503 through the control of the electronic expansion valve one 103 and the electronic expansion valve two 105.

[0050] b. When the ambient temperature is low (such as winter)

[0051] After the vehicle is started, the ambient temperature is detected. If the ambient temperature is very low, which is lower than the lower limit of the working temperature of the fuel cell, the discharge efficiency of the fuel cell stack is low. At this time, the power battery 502 supplies power to the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405. At this time, the heating circuit in which the fuel cell stack heat dissipation water jacket 306 is located forms a circulating working medium to provide heat for the fuel cell stack, and the four-way valve 307 closes the heat dissipation circuit in which the radiator one 302 is located, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack is increased to the working temperature of the fuel cell, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the lower limit of its working temperature. After the fuel cell stack works normally, it can quickly provide heat. At this time, the four-way valve 307 is controlled to close the heating circuit in which the electric heater one 303 is located, and the heat dissipation circuit in which the radiator one 302 is located is opened to dynamically adjust the temperature.

[0052] When the warm air core 402 and / or the power battery 502 need to be heated, the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300 and the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 are connected and operated through the control of the four-way valve 307 and the three-way valve one 309. The high-temperature working medium in the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300 enters the air conditioning warm air battery heating cycle 400 to provide heating heat energy for the warm air core 402 and the double Chiller 503, and the heating power of the warm air core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 is controlled through the control of the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404.

[0053] Similarly, if the fuel cell stack is not working (pure electric mode), the vehicle power supply is only provided by the power battery 502, at this time, if the power battery 502 and the heater core 402 have heating requirements, the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405 is used to provide heating energy for the air conditioning heater battery heating cycle 400, the heating circuit in which the fuel cell stack heat sink 306 is closed by the three-way valve one 309 and the four-way valve 307, the electronic water pump two 401, the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405, the heater core 402 and the double Chiller heating channel are opened, the heat transfer working fluid is provided by the electronic water pump two 401, the opening degree of the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404 and the heating power of the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405 are controlled by the controller 800, and the flow of the heat transfer working fluid in the heater core 402 and the double Chiller 503 is controlled to adjust the respective heating power.

[0054] The application also provides a fuel cell vehicle thermal management method, which uses the fuel cell vehicle heat pipe system described above for thermal management, characterized in that:

[0055] In hybrid mode:

[0056] When the fuel cell stack is started and the detected ring temperature is lower than the lower limit of the working temperature of the fuel cell stack, the controller 800 controls the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300 to run to heat the fuel cell stack; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the lower limit of the working temperature, the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300 is closed; after the fuel cell stack is normally working, the power system cooling cycle 200 is started to provide cooling support for the vehicle cooling system;

[0057] When the power battery needs to be heated and / or the air conditioner needs to be heated, the controller 800 controls the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle 300 and the air conditioning heater battery heating cycle 400 to run in communication, to provide heat for the power battery heating and / or air conditioning heating;

[0058] When the air conditioner needs to be cooled and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the controller 800 controls the air conditioning refrigeration cycle 100 to run, to provide support for the air conditioning refrigeration and / or the power battery cooling;

[0059] In pure electric mode:

[0060] When the fuel cell stack is not started, when the power battery needs to be heated and / or the air conditioner needs to be heated, the controller 800 controls the air conditioning heater battery heating cycle 400 to run, to provide heat for the power battery heating and / or air conditioning heating;

[0061] When the air conditioner needs to be cooled and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the controller 800 controls the air conditioning refrigeration cycle 100 to run, to provide support for the air conditioning refrigeration and / or the power battery cooling.

[0062] The fuel cell vehicle thermal management method realizes efficient utilization of heat and cold, improves heat dissipation efficiency, improves thermal management level, reduces vehicle energy consumption, optimizes the working mode of the heat dissipation system, realizes vehicle thermal management of the fuel cell vehicle under different environmental conditions such as low-temperature starting, winter heating and normal heat dissipation, saves vehicle energy utilization, improves vehicle power economy, and avoids thermal management system redundancy.

[0063] The specific operation of the fuel cell vehicle thermal management method is as follows:

[0064] In the hybrid mode:

[0065] The fuel cell stack is started and runs, the ambient temperature is detected, and if the ambient temperature is very low, below the lower limit of the fuel cell operating temperature, resulting in low discharge efficiency of the fuel cell stack, the power battery 502 supplies power to the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405, the heating circuit in which the fuel cell stack heat sink 306 is located forms a circulating working medium, and provides heat for the fuel cell stack, and the four-way valve 307 closes the heat dissipation circuit in which the radiator one 302 is located, so that the temperature of the fuel cell stack rises to the operating temperature of the fuel cell, that is, the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the lower limit of its operating temperature.

[0066] After the fuel cell stack runs normally, the heat dissipation circuit composed of the radiator one 302, the filter 305, the electronic water pump one 301 and the fuel cell stack heat sink 306 provides support for the heat dissipation of the fuel cell stack, and the air conditioner refrigeration cycle 200 provides heat dissipation support for the components in the vehicle power system which have small heat dissipation demand and require close cooling liquid temperature.

[0067] When the power battery 502 needs to be heated or the heater core 402 needs to be heated, the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300 and the air conditioner heater battery heating cycle 400 are connected and operated through the four-way valve 307 and the three-way valve one 309, the high-temperature working medium in the fuel cell temperature control cycle 300 enters the air conditioner heater battery heating cycle 400, provides heating heat energy for the heater core 402 and the double Chiller 503, and adjusts the heating power of the heater core 402 and the power battery temperature control cycle 500 through the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404.

[0068] When the air conditioner needs to be refrigerated and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the compressor 101 is started, the controller 800 controls the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve two 105 and the electronic expansion valve one 103, and adjusts the refrigeration power of the air conditioner refrigeration cycle 100 according to the real-time sensing value of the sensor two 109, the rotation speed of the compressor 101 and the rotation speed of the fan 601, and adjusts the refrigeration power of the air conditioner evaporator 104 and the double Chiller 503 through the control of the electronic expansion valve one 103 and the electronic expansion valve two 105.

[0069] In the pure electric mode:

[0070] The whole vehicle power supply is provided by the power battery 502. When the power battery 502 and the heater core 402 have heating requirements, the air conditioner heater battery heating cycle 400 is powered by the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405 to provide heating energy. The heating circuit of the fuel cell heat sink 306 is closed by the three-way valve one 309 and the four-way valve 307, the electronic water pump two 401, the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405, the heater core 402, and the double Chiller heating channel are opened, the heat transfer working fluid is provided by the electronic water pump two 401, the opening degree of the three-way valve two 403 and the three-way valve three 404 and the heating power of the electric heater one 303 or the electric heater two 405 are controlled by the controller 800, and the heat working fluid flow in the heater core 402 and the double Chiller 503 is controlled to adjust the respective heating power.

[0071] When the air conditioner needs to be cooled and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the compressor 101 is started, the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve two 105 and the electronic expansion valve one 103 is controlled by the controller 800, the rotation speed of the compressor 101 and the rotation speed of the fan 601 are controlled according to the real-time sensing value of the sensor two 109 to adjust the cooling power of the air conditioner cooling cycle 100, and the cooling power in the air conditioner evaporator 104 and the double Chiller 503 is adjusted by controlling the electronic expansion valve one 103 and the electronic expansion valve two 105.

[0072] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application are described in combination with the drawings. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell vehicle thermal management system, characterized by: The application relates to a heat management system for a fuel cell vehicle, which comprises an air conditioner refrigeration cycle (100) for supporting air conditioner refrigeration and power battery cooling, a power system cooling cycle (200) for supporting heat dissipation of components with small heat dissipation demand and close cooling liquid temperature requirement in the whole vehicle power system, a fuel cell stack temperature control cycle (300) for supporting temperature control of a fuel cell stack, an air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) for providing heat for air conditioner warm air and power battery heating, a power battery temperature control cycle (500) for supporting temperature control of a power battery, and a controller (800) for coordinately controlling the operation of the whole heat management system. The fuel cell stack temperature control cycle (300) comprises a radiator I (302), a filter (305), an electronic water pump I (301) and a fuel cell stack heat dissipation water jacket (306) which are sequentially connected to form a loop, and an electric heater I (303) powered by a vehicle power supply is connected in parallel to a connecting pipeline between the electronic water pump I (301) and the fuel cell stack heat dissipation water jacket (306), the water inlet of the electric heater I (303) is connected with the water inlet of the electronic water pump I (301) and the water outlet of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400), the water outlet of the electric heater I (303) is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell stack heat dissipation water jacket (306) and the water inlet of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400), and the water inlet of the radiator I (302) is connected with a liquid supplementing pot I (308) through a deionization tank (304).

2. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: The water inlet of the electric heater I (303) is connected with a four-way valve (307), the water outlet of the electric heater I (303) is connected with a three-way valve I (309), the four-way valve (307) is connected between the filter (305) and the electronic water pump I (301) and is connected with the water outlet of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) and the water inlet of the electric heater I (303), the three-way valve I (309) is connected with the water outlet of the fuel cell stack heat dissipation water jacket (306) and the water inlet of the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400), the four-way valve (307) and the three-way valve I (309) are used for controlling the on-off of the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle (300) and the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) and adjusting the working medium flow in the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400).

3. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 2, wherein: The air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) includes a three-way valve two (403) connected with the three-way valve one (309), a three-way valve three (404) connected with the four-way valve (307), a warm air core (402), and a double Chiller heating channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle (500), the warm air core is connected in series between the three-way valve two (403) and the three-way valve three (404), the power battery temperature control cycle (500) is connected in parallel with the warm air core (402) through the double Chiller heating channel, the three-way valve two (403) adjusts the working medium flow into the warm air core (402) and the power battery temperature control cycle (500), and the three-way valve three (404) adjusts the working medium flow out of the warm air core (402) and the power battery temperature control cycle (500).

4. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 3, wherein: The air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) further includes an electronic water pump two (401) connected with the three-way valve three (404) and an inlet, the electronic water pump two (401) shares an electric heater one (303) with the fuel cell temperature control cycle (300), and the electronic water pump two (401), the electric heater one (303), and the warm air core (402) are connected in series to form a loop; or an electric heater two (405) powered by the vehicle power supply is connected in series on the electronic water pump two (401), the electronic water pump two (401), the electric heater two (405), and the warm air core (402) are connected in series to form a loop, and the inlets of the electronic water pump one (301) and the electronic water pump two (401) are respectively connected with a liquid supplementing pot one (308).

5. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: The power battery temperature control cycle (500) includes an electronic water pump three (501), a power battery water jacket (502), and a double Chiller (503) connected in series to form a loop, the double Chiller (503) is connected with the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) and the air conditioner refrigeration cycle (100), a sensor one (505) is arranged on a pipeline between the double Chiller (503) and the electronic water pump three (501), and the inlet of the electronic water pump three (501) and the outlet of the power battery water jacket (502) are respectively connected with a liquid supplementing pot two (504).

6. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: The air conditioner refrigeration cycle (100) includes a compressor (101), a front-end condenser (102), an air conditioner evaporator (104), and a double Chiller refrigeration channel connected with the power battery temperature control cycle (500), the compressor (101), the front-end condenser (102), and the air conditioner evaporator (104) are connected in series to form a loop, the power battery temperature control cycle (500) is connected in parallel with the air conditioner evaporator (104) through the double Chiller refrigeration channel, the inlet of the air conditioner evaporator (104) is connected with an electronic expansion valve one (103) for adjusting the working medium flow, the inlet of the double Chiller refrigeration channel is connected with an electronic expansion valve two (105) for adjusting the working medium flow, and a sensor two (109) is arranged on a pipeline between the compressor (101) and the front-end condenser (102).

7. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 6, wherein: The power system cooling cycle (200) comprises, in sequence, a radiator two (202), an electronic water pump four (201), an electronic control system radiator (203), a motor radiator (204), and a fuel cell intercooler (205) connected in series to form a loop, the water inlet of the electronic water pump four (201) and the water inlet of the radiator two (202) are respectively connected to a liquid supplementing pot three (207), a fuel cell accessory radiator (206) is connected in parallel to the fuel cell intercooler (205), and the water inlet of the fuel cell accessory radiator (206), the water inlet of the fuel cell intercooler (205), and the water outlet of the motor radiator (204) are connected through a three-way valve four (208) to adjust the flow of the working medium into the fuel cell accessory radiator (206) and the fuel cell intercooler (205).

8. The fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of claim 7, wherein: The front-end condenser (102) and the radiator two (202) are arranged side by side in front of and behind the radiator one (302), a fan one (601) is arranged at the rear side of the radiator two (202), and a fan two (602) is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one (302); or the front-end condenser (102) and the radiator two (202) are arranged side by side in front of the radiator one (302) and a fan two (602) is arranged at the rear side of the radiator one (302).

9. A fuel cell vehicle thermal management method, using the fuel cell vehicle thermal management system of any one of claims 1 to 8 for thermal management, characterized in that, In the hybrid mode: The fuel cell stack is started to operate, if the detected ambient temperature is lower than the lower limit of the working temperature of the fuel cell stack after the vehicle is started, the controller (800) controls the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle (300) to operate to heat the fuel cell stack; when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is higher than the lower limit of the working temperature, the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle (300) is closed; after the fuel cell stack is normally operated, the power system cooling cycle (200) is started to provide heat dissipation support for the vehicle heat dissipation system; when the power battery needs to be heated and / or the air conditioner needs to be heated, the controller (800) controls the fuel cell stack temperature control cycle (300) and the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) to be connected and operated to provide heat for the power battery heating and / or the air conditioner warm air; When the air conditioner needs to be cooled and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the controller (800) controls the air conditioner cooling cycle (100) to operate to provide support for the air conditioner cooling and / or the power battery cooling. In the pure electric mode: The fuel cell stack is not started, when the power battery needs to be heated and / or the air conditioner needs to be heated, the controller (800) controls the air conditioner warm air battery heating cycle (400) to operate to provide heat for the power battery heating and / or the air conditioner warm air; When the air conditioner needs to be cooled and / or the power battery needs to be cooled, the controller (800) controls the air conditioner cooling cycle (100) to operate to provide support for the air conditioner cooling and / or the power battery cooling.

Images