Method and equipment for grain refinement in metal melting process

Abstract

The present application relates to a method and equipment for grain refinement in the process of metal smelting, which is applied in the field of metal smelting. The method comprises the following steps: preparing materials and feeding: preheating the solid-phase materials and then putting them into the melting furnace; heating up and smelting: heating the melting furnace in a stepped manner, stirring the fusion when reaching the first set temperature, and inspecting and adjusting the composition of the fusion when reaching the second set temperature; refining and slag skimming: adding a refining agent, and skimming the slag after the refining is completed; temperature adjustment and vibration nucleation: reducing the temperature in the melting furnace to the third set temperature, and vibrating and stirring the fusion by using a stirring and vibrating unit. The equipment comprises a box body, as well as the above-mentioned melting furnace and stirring and vibrating unit; the port of the melting furnace can be connected to the port of the box body via a universal connecting device; the stirring and vibrating unit comprises an electromagnetic stirring unit and an ultrasonic vibration unit arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace. The present application has the effects of being able to improve the degree of metal grain refinement and simplify the structure of the grain refinement equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of metal smelting, and in particular relates to a method for grain refinement during metal smelting. In addition, it also relates to a device for grain refinement during metal smelting. Background Art

[0002] Metal smelting is a common metal processing method, which melts solid-phase metal into liquid-phase to facilitate refining of the metal or adding other metals to the metal to form an alloy.

[0003] In metal materials with fine grains, the finer and more numerous the grains in the metal material, the more uniform the deformation, the better the performance, and the better the plasticity during the processing of the metal material, which is beneficial to casting and subsequent plastic processing.

[0004] In the prior art, in order to form more crystal nuclei during metal smelting, a certain amount of nucleating agent is often put into the furnace to assist in forming crystal nuclei, so as to achieve the effect of increasing the number of grains. However, this method will introduce more impurities, reducing the purity of the product and degrading the quality. Therefore, in order to overcome the drawback of introducing impurities in the above method, some prior arts will increase the probability of free atoms inside the liquid metal colliding and combining to form atomic clusters by vibrating or stirring, so as to increase the number of crystal nuclei and then improve the number of grains. However, in the solution of this prior art, the structure of the furnace body itself is changed to vibrate the liquid metal when the liquid metal is discharged from the furnace. In fact, the time for vibrating the liquid metal in this solution is short, and the grain refinement effect is limited.

[0005] In view of this, a method for grain refinement during metal smelting is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to improve the degree of metal grain refinement and the structure of the grain refinement equipment, this application provides a method and device for grain refinement during metal smelting.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a method for grain refinement during metal smelting, including the following steps: Preparation and feeding:

[0008] Prepare solid-phase materials, preheat the solid-phase materials, and put the preheated solid-phase materials into the furnace;

[0009] Heating and smelting: Gradually heat the furnace in a stepped manner to stir the mixture in the furnace when reaching the first set temperature, and inspect and adjust the composition of the mixture when reaching the second set temperature;

[0010] Refining and slag skimming: Put a refining agent into the furnace, and remove the waste slag after the refining is completed;

[0011] Temperature-adjusting vibration nucleation: Lower the temperature in the furnace to a third set temperature so that the melt in the furnace is in a semi-solidified state, and use the stirring and vibrating unit to vibrate and stir the melt in the furnace.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, preheating the solid-phase material can reduce the melting time of the solid-phase material; heating the furnace in a stepped manner to maintain the temperature difference between the set heating temperature and the furnace temperature of the narrow-mouth furnace, so that the energy consumption required during heating is low, and it is not easy for the surface of the solid-phase material to be rapidly oxidized to produce a large amount of waste slag; the refining agent can improve the quality of the liquid metal and assist in forming dry waste slag; the melt is maintained in a semi-solidified state for vibration stirring. In the semi-solidified state, the melt itself is prone to form a certain amount of fine crystals (i.e., crystal nuclei). Through vibration stirring, these fine crystals can be more evenly distributed. In addition, some of the larger crystals can be broken into more smaller crystals, so that the number of formed grains can be increased, thereby achieving the effect of improving the grain refinement degree. Moreover, the grain refinement process carried out in the furnace can achieve long-term grain refinement, making the grain refinement effect better.

[0013] Specifically, the solid-phase material includes high-purity metal ingots and master alloys; the temperature difference between the heating temperature of each stage in the stepped heating and the furnace temperature of the narrow-mouth furnace is 100 to 200 °C.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, selecting high-purity metal ingots can reduce the entry of impurities, so as to reduce the amount of waste slag at the source. The master alloy is easier to melt, which can reduce the melting time of the solid-phase material; heating is carried out by adopting a stepped heating method, and maintaining the temperature difference between the set heating temperature and the furnace temperature can make the energy consumption required during heating low, and it is not easy for the surface of the solid-phase material to be rapidly oxidized to produce a large amount of waste slag.

[0015] The second aspect of the present application provides a device for grain refinement during metal melting, adopting the following technical solution:

[0016] A device for grain refinement during metal melting, characterized in that: it includes a box body, the furnace and the stirring and vibrating unit described in the above technical solution; the furnace and the stirring and vibrating unit are both accommodated in the box body, and a universal connection device is provided between the furnace port of the furnace and the box port of the box body. The furnace port can be connected to the box port via the universal connection device; the stirring and vibrating unit includes an electromagnetic stirring unit and an ultrasonic vibrating unit, and the electromagnetic stirring unit and the ultrasonic vibrating unit are both arranged at the bottom of the furnace.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the furnace can be connected to the box body through the universal connection device, so that when the furnace body of the furnace is under the vibration action of the ultrasonic vibration unit arranged at the bottom of the furnace, it can swing and oscillate around at least two directions through the universal connection device, so that the distribution of the formed crystal nuclei can be made more uniform, and the distribution of the finally obtained crystal grains will also be more uniform. In addition, it can ensure that the furnace body will not collide with the port of the box body; the electromagnetic stirring unit can realize the stirring inside the liquid metal without damaging the surface oxide layer of the liquid metal. On the one hand, it can ensure that the formed oxide layer will not be brought into the interior of the liquid metal, resulting in a decline in product quality, and it can also avoid the situation of increasing the amount of waste slag caused by the formation of a new oxide layer; on the other hand, it can also promote the collision of free atoms in the liquid metal to form more crystal nuclei, or break up the larger crystal nuclei into more small crystal nuclei to increase the number of crystal nuclei, so as to increase the number of crystal grains and the refinement degree of the crystal grains, and it can also make the distribution of crystal nuclei in the liquid metal more uniform, so that the distribution of crystal grains is more uniform.

[0018] Further, the universal connection device includes a first receiving ring and a second receiving ring. A pair of first rotating shafts are arranged oppositely on the first receiving ring, and the axial directions of the two shafts in this pair of first rotating shafts are the same, which is the first axial direction, so that the first receiving ring can rotate around the first axial direction; a pair of second rotating shafts are arranged oppositely on the second receiving ring, and the axial directions of the two shafts in this pair of second rotating shafts are the same, which is the second axial direction, so that the second receiving ring can rotate around the second axial direction, and the first axial direction is perpendicular to the second axial direction.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the furnace connected to the universal connection device can swing around the first axial direction and the second axial direction, and the first axial direction is perpendicular to the second axial direction, so that the furnace can swing and oscillate along two perpendicular directions, so that the distribution of the formed crystal nuclei can be made more uniform, and the distribution of the finally obtained crystal grains will also be more uniform.

[0020] Further, a receiving surface is formed on the second receiving ring, and a flange structure is formed at the port of the furnace. The furnace can be hung on the second receiving ring through the cooperation of the flange structure and the receiving surface.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the furnace can be hung on the second receiving ring through the cooperation of the flange structure and the receiving surface, so that the universal connection device can form the reception of the furnace and the limit of the furnace port, and can avoid the collision between the furnace port and the box body port. After the universal connection device receives the furnace, there is no need for the electromagnetic stirring unit or the ultrasonic vibration unit arranged at the bottom of the furnace to receive the furnace, making the function distribution of each component more reasonable.

[0022] Further, the electromagnetic stirring unit includes an electromagnetic generating plate, a vibration gap is provided between the electromagnetic generating plate and the melting furnace, and a through-hole structure is provided in the middle of the electromagnetic generating plate.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, leaving a vibration gap between the electromagnetic generating plate and the melting furnace enables the melting furnace to swing under the vibration of the ultrasonic vibration unit without colliding with the electromagnetic generating plate, which can ensure that the electromagnetic generating plate is not easily damaged, and the through-hole structure provided in the middle of the electromagnetic generating plate can facilitate the conduction of vibration from the ultrasonic vibration unit to the melting furnace.

[0024] Further, a vibration receiving column is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace, and the vibration receiving column can pass through the through-hole structure and be connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the vibration conduction between the ultrasonic vibration unit and the melting furnace is realized through the vibration receiving column extending from the furnace body of the melting furnace, which can facilitate the conduction of vibration in the horizontal direction from the ultrasonic vibration unit to the furnace body of the melting furnace, thereby facilitating the swinging of the melting furnace around the first axis and the second axis, making the distribution of crystal nuclei more uniform, and making the distribution of the finally obtained grains more uniform.

[0026] Further, the ultrasonic vibration unit includes a first vibrator group and a second vibrator group. The first vibrator group includes a pair of first-direction vibrators arranged oppositely, and the vibration direction of the first-direction vibrator is parallel to the first axis; the second vibrator group includes a pair of second-direction vibrators arranged oppositely, and the vibration direction of the second-direction vibrator is parallel to the second axis.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the vibration direction of the first-direction vibrator is parallel to the first axis and the vibration direction of the second-direction vibrator is parallel to the second axis, which can facilitate the swinging of the melting furnace around the first axis and the second axis, making the distribution of crystal nuclei more uniform, and making the distribution of the finally obtained grains more uniform.

[0028] Further, when the ultrasonic vibration unit is set such that one of the first vibrator group and the second vibrator group is in a working state, the other is in a non-working state.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, when the two first-direction vibrators in the first vibrator group are working, a relative displacement will be generated between the vibration receiving column and the two second-direction vibrators in the second vibrator group. Therefore, designing such that one group is in a working state and the other is in a non-working state can ensure that the second-direction vibrator does not contact the vibration receiving column to avoid damage to the second-direction vibrator.

[0030] Further, it further includes a control unit, a heater and a power supply. The control unit, the heater, the electromagnetic generating plate, the first-direction vibrator and the second-direction vibrator are all connected to the power supply; and the heater, the electromagnetic generating plate, the first-direction vibrator and the second-direction vibrator are also electrically connected to the control unit.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, the control of the heater, the electromagnetic generating plate, the first-direction vibrator and the second-direction vibrator can be realized, so that the temperature control of the liquid metal in the furnace, the control of the stirring force of the liquid metal, and the control of the vibration direction and amplitude can be realized, so that more and more uniformly distributed crystal nuclei can be formed in the liquid metal, so that more, finer and more uniformly distributed crystal grains can be finally formed.

[0032] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] 1. Preheating the solid-phase material can reduce the melting time of the solid-phase material; the stepwise heating of the furnace is to maintain the temperature difference between the set heating temperature and the furnace temperature, so that the energy consumption required for heating is low, and it is not easy to cause a large amount of waste residue due to the rapid oxidation of the surface of the solid-phase material; the refining agent can improve the quality of the liquid metal and assist in forming dry waste residue; the fusion is maintained in a semi-solidified state for vibration stirring. In the semi-solidified state, the fusion itself is prone to form a certain amount of tiny crystals (i.e., crystal nuclei). Through vibration stirring, these tiny crystals can be more uniformly distributed. In addition, some of the larger crystals can be broken into more smaller crystals, so that more crystal grains can be formed, so as to achieve the effect of improving the degree of grain refinement;

[0034] 2. The melting furnace can be connected to the box body through a universal connecting device, so that when the furnace body of the melting furnace is vibrated by the ultrasonic vibration unit arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace, the furnace body can swing and oscillate around at least two directions through the universal connecting device, so as to make the distribution of the formed crystal nuclei more uniform, and the distribution of the finally obtained crystal grains will also be more uniform. In addition, it can also ensure that the furnace body of the melting furnace will not collide with the box body port of the box body; the electromagnetic stirring unit can stir the inside of the liquid metal without damaging the surface oxide layer of the liquid metal. On the one hand, it can ensure that the formed oxide layer will not be brought into the inside of the liquid metal, resulting in a decline in product quality, and it can also avoid the situation of increasing the amount of waste slag due to the formation of a new oxide layer; on the other hand, it can also promote the free atoms in the liquid metal to collide with each other to form more crystal nuclei, or break up the larger crystal nuclei into more small crystal nuclei to increase the number of crystal nuclei, so as to increase the number of crystal grains, make the refinement degree of the crystal grains higher, and also make the distribution of the crystal nuclei in the liquid metal more uniform, so that the distribution of the crystal grains is also more uniform. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the equipment for refining crystal grains in the metal melting process of the present application.

[0036] Figure 2 is a side view of the equipment for refining crystal grains in the metal melting process of the present application.

[0037] Figure 3 is a top view of the equipment for refining crystal grains in the metal melting process of the present application.

[0038] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a cross-sectional view taken along the A-A direction in

[0039] Figure 5 is Figure 4 a cross-sectional view taken along the B-B direction in

[0040] Figure 6 is Figure 4 a cross-sectional view taken along the C-C direction in

[0041] Reference numerals: 1, melting furnace; 11, melting furnace port; 12, vibration-receiving column; 2, box body; 21, box body port; 3, universal connecting device; 31, first receiving ring; 32, second receiving ring; 33, first rotating shaft; 34, second rotating shaft; 4, electromagnetic stirring unit; 41, electromagnetic generating plate; 411, through-hole structure; 5, ultrasonic vibration unit; 51, first-direction vibrator; 52, second-direction vibrator; 6, control unit; 7, heater; 8, power supply. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0042] The following is combined with the attachedFigures 1-6 Further details of this application are provided below.

[0043] An embodiment of this application discloses a method for grain refinement during metal melting.

[0044] A method for grain refinement during metal melting includes the following steps:

[0045] Stock preparation and feeding: Taking the melting of aluminum alloy as an example, during stock preparation, high-purity aluminum ingots and master alloys can be selected as the materials for melting aluminum alloy. The master alloy has the characteristics of low melting point and fast melting, which can reduce the heating time during the melting process. The prepared solid-phase materials can be preheated in a flue gas waste heat furnace to achieve the effect of efficiently utilizing heat energy and reducing the melting time. Finally, the preheated solid-phase materials are put into furnace 1.

[0046] Heating up and melting: The temperature of furnace 1 is increased step by step. When the first set temperature is reached, the mixture in furnace 1 is stirred, and when the second set temperature is reached, the mixture is inspected and its composition is adjusted. Specifically, during the step-by-step temperature increase, the temperature difference between the heating temperature at each stage and the furnace temperature of furnace 1 can be maintained at 100 to 200 °C, so that the energy consumption required for heating is low. When the first set temperature (taking the aluminum alloy of melting model 2024 as an example, the first set temperature can be set at 700 ± 10 °C) is reached, the mixture in furnace 1 is stirred, and when the second set temperature (taking the aluminum alloy of melting model 2024 as an example, the second set temperature can be set at 645 ± 2 °C) is reached, the mixture is inspected and its composition is adjusted until the required composition is prepared. Among them, when stirring the mixture, a magnetic stirring device can be selected to stir it. The magnetic stirring device uses the electromagnetic effect to generate eddy currents inside the liquid metal to achieve the stirring of the liquid metal. This stirring method can ensure the sufficiency of stirring while avoiding damage to the surface oxide layer of the liquid metal, thereby reducing the oxidation amount of the liquid metal and achieving the purpose of reducing the generation amount of waste slag.

[0047] Refining and slag skimming: A refining agent is put into furnace 1. Taking the aluminum alloy of melting model 2024 as an example, the refining agent can be anhydrous potassium chloride powder, which can remove oxides, carbides, etc. in the molten aluminum and also has a certain effect of refining and degassing to achieve the purpose of refining. After the refining is completed, the waste slag is removed.

[0048] Temperature-Regulating Vibration Nucleation: Lower the temperature in the melting furnace 1 to the third set temperature (taking the aluminum alloy of melting model 2024 as an example, its starting melting temperature is 502 °C and the complete melting temperature is 630 °C, so the third set temperature can be set to 570 ± 10 °C), making the melt in the melting furnace 1 in a semi-solid state, and using the stirring and vibrating unit to vibrate and stir the melt in the melting furnace 1; in the semi-solid state, the melt itself is prone to forming a certain amount of tiny crystals (i.e., crystal nuclei), and through vibration and stirring, these tiny crystals can be more evenly distributed. In addition, it can also cause the larger part of the crystals to be shattered into more smaller crystals, enabling the formation of more crystal grains, so as to achieve the effect of improving the grain refinement degree.

[0049] The embodiment of the present application also discloses an equipment for grain refinement during the metal melting process.

[0050] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , an equipment for grain refinement during the metal melting process, which includes a box body 2, as well as the melting furnace 1 and the stirring and vibrating unit in the above technical solution; among them, both the melting furnace 1 and the stirring and vibrating unit are accommodated in the box body 2. Specifically, as Figure 3 shown, a universal connection device 3 can be provided between the furnace port 11 of the melting furnace 1 and the box port 21 of the box body 2, enabling the furnace port 11 to be connected to the box port 21 via the universal connection device 3; as Figure 4 shown, the stirring and vibrating unit includes an electromagnetic stirring unit 4 and an ultrasonic vibrating unit 5, and both the electromagnetic stirring unit 4 and the ultrasonic vibrating unit 5 are arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace 1; connecting the melting furnace 1 to the box body 2 through the universal connection device 3 can enable the furnace body of the melting furnace 1 to swing and oscillate around at least two directions through the universal connection device 3 when vibrating under the action of the ultrasonic vibrating unit 5 arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace 1, so as to make the distribution of the formed crystal nuclei more uniform, and thus the distribution of the finally obtained grains will also be more uniform. In addition, it can also ensure that the furnace body of the melting furnace 1 will not collide with the box port 21; the electromagnetic stirring unit 4 can achieve the stirring of the liquid metal inside without damaging the surface oxide layer of the liquid metal. On the one hand, it can ensure that the formed oxide layer will not be brought into the interior of the liquid metal, resulting in a decline in product quality, and can also avoid the situation of increasing the amount of waste residue due to the formation of a new oxide layer; on the other hand, it can also promote the collision of free atoms in the liquid metal to form more crystal nuclei, or break up the larger crystal nuclei into more smaller crystal nuclei to increase the number of crystal nuclei, so as to increase the number of crystal grains and make the grains have better refinement degree, and can also make the distribution of crystal nuclei in the liquid metal more uniform, thus making the distribution of grains more uniform.

[0051] Refer to Figure 3, the universal joint device 3 in the equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process of the present application may include a first receiving ring 31 and a second receiving ring 32. Among them, a pair of first rotating shafts 33 are provided on the first receiving ring 31, and the axial directions of the two shaft bodies in this pair of first rotating shafts 33 are the same, which is the first axial direction, so that the first receiving ring 31 can rotate around the first axial direction; a pair of second rotating shafts 34 are provided on the second receiving ring 32, and the axial directions of the two shaft bodies in this pair of second rotating shafts 34 are the same, which is the second axial direction, so that the second receiving ring 32 can rotate around the second axial direction, and the first axial direction is perpendicular to the second axial direction; the above design enables the melting furnace 1 connected to the universal joint device 3 to swing around the first axial direction and the second axial direction, and the first axial direction is perpendicular to the second axial direction, so that the melting furnace 1 can swing and oscillate along two perpendicular directions, thereby enabling the distribution of the formed crystal nuclei to be more uniform, and the distribution of the finally obtained grains will also be more uniform.

[0052] Refer to Figure 4 , a receiving surface is formed on the second receiving ring 32 in the equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process of the present application, and a flange structure is formed at the furnace port 11, so that the melting furnace 1 can be hung on the second receiving ring 32 through the cooperation of the flange structure and the receiving surface, so that the universal joint device 3 can support and limit the melting furnace 1. On the one hand, the universal joint device 3 can limit the furnace port 11 and avoid collision between the furnace port 11 and the box port 21; on the other hand, after the universal joint device 3 receives the melting furnace 1, it can be ensured that there is no need for the electromagnetic stirring unit 4 or the ultrasonic vibration unit 5 provided at the bottom of the melting furnace 1 to receive the melting furnace 1, so that the melting furnace 1 can be well supported and the function distribution of each component is more reasonable; in addition, it can be understood that matching positioning holes (not shown in the figure) can be provided on the flange structure and the second receiving ring 32, and the positioning between the melting furnace 1 and the second receiving ring 32 can be achieved by means of pin connection positioning. In addition, as Figure 2 shown, a hanging ear type connection structure similar to the ear of a bronze tripod can also be provided on the furnace port 11, so as to facilitate lifting the melting furnace 1 from the second receiving ring 32 (i.e., in the box body 2) for casting or maintenance and replacement of the melting furnace 1.

[0053] Refer to Figure 4, in the electromagnetic stirring unit 4 of the equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process of this application, the electromagnetic generating plate 41 includes an electromagnetic generating plate 41. The electromagnetic generating plate 41 can be fixedly supported at the bottom of the melting furnace 1 by a bracket structure. A coil is provided inside the electromagnetic generating plate 41 so that the electromagnetic generating plate 41 can generate a magnetic field when powered on, causing eddy currents to be generated in the liquid metal to realize the stirring of the liquid metal; there is a vibration gap between the electromagnetic generating plate 41 and the melting furnace 1, and a through-hole structure 411 is provided in the middle of the electromagnetic generating plate 41. A vibration receiving column 12 is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace 1. The vibration receiving column 12 can pass through the through-hole structure 411 and be connected to the ultrasonic vibration unit 5; wherein, the bottom of the melting furnace 1 can be set as a spherical structure, and the electromagnetic generating plate 41 can also be set as a spherical panel matching the shape of the bottom of the melting furnace 1, and a vibration gap is provided between the electromagnetic generating plate 41 and the melting furnace 1 so that when the melting furnace 1 swings under the vibration action of the ultrasonic vibration unit 5, it can avoid colliding with the electromagnetic generating plate 41 and ensure that the electromagnetic generating plate 41 is not damaged by collision; the through-hole structure 411 provided in the middle of the electromagnetic generating plate 41 can facilitate the extension of the vibration receiving column 12 from the furnace body of the melting furnace 1 to realize the vibration conduction between the ultrasonic vibration unit 5 and the melting furnace 1, and can facilitate the conduction of the vibration in the horizontal direction from the ultrasonic vibration unit 5 to the furnace body of the melting furnace 1, so as to facilitate the melting furnace 1 to swing along the first axial direction and the second axial direction (i.e., at least two directions), thereby enabling the distribution of crystal nuclei to be more uniform and the distribution of the finally obtained grains to be more uniform; in addition, it can be understood that during the above-mentioned heating and melting process, that is, the electromagnetic stirring unit 4 is used to stir the liquid metal.

[0054] Referring to Figure 5 , the ultrasonic vibration unit 5 in the equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process of this application includes a first vibrator group and a second vibrator group. The first vibrator group includes a pair of first-direction vibrators 51 arranged oppositely, and the vibration direction of the first-direction vibrator 51 is parallel to the first axial direction; the second vibrator group includes a pair of second-direction vibrators 52 arranged oppositely, and the vibration direction of the second-direction vibrator 52 is parallel to the second axial direction; setting the vibration direction of the first-direction vibrator 51 to be parallel to the first axial direction and setting the vibration direction of the second-direction vibrator 52 to be parallel to the second axial direction can facilitate the melting furnace 1 to swing along the first axial direction and the second axial direction, enabling the distribution of crystal nuclei to be more uniform and the distribution of the finally obtained grains to be more uniform.

[0055] Specifically, as Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, both the first-direction vibrator 51 and the second-direction vibrator 52 include vibration rods for abutting against the vibration-receiving column 12. One end of the vibration rod abuts against the vibration-receiving column 12, and the other end is connected to an ultrasonic generator. The ultrasonic generator is configured to drive the vibration rod to approach or move away from the vibration-receiving column 12 in the horizontal direction, so as to conduct ultrasonic vibration in the horizontal direction to the vibration-receiving column 12. Among them, the two vibrators in each vibrator group are set to work asynchronously. Taking the two first-direction vibrators 51 in the first vibrator group as an example, when the vibration rod of one of the two first-direction vibrators 51 approaches and abuts against the vibration-receiving column 12 to form an impact for transmitting vibration, the vibration rod of the other first-direction vibrator 51 moves away from the vibration-receiving column 12 and does not transmit vibration. And the ultrasonic vibration unit 3 is configured such that when one of the first vibrator group and the second vibrator group is in a working state, the other is in a non-working state. For example, when the two first-direction vibrators 51 in the first vibrator group are working, the two second-direction vibrators 52 in the second vibrator group are not working. Since relative displacement will be generated between the vibration-receiving column 12 and the two second-direction vibrators 52 in the second vibrator group when the two first-direction vibrators 51 in the first vibrator group are working, therefore, designing one group to be in a working state while the other is in a non-working state can ensure that the second-direction vibrator 52 does not abut against the vibration-receiving column 12 and can avoid damage to the second-direction vibrator 52.

[0056] Refer to Figure 4, the equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process of the present application further includes a control unit 6, a heater 7, and a power supply 8. Among them, the control unit 6 can be arranged on the outer wall of the box body 2 to facilitate the operator to control the equipment. The heater 7 can be an electromagnetic induction heating device, which can generate high-density magnetic lines and cut the aluminum ingot or liquid metal in the melting furnace 1, thereby generating eddy currents therein to achieve heating. Since it is electromagnetic induction heating, the heater 7 can be set as a barrel-shaped structure and sleeved on the outer wall of the melting furnace 1, with a gap left between it and the outer wall of the melting furnace 1, so that the melting furnace 1 will not collide with the heater 7 during the vibration process; the control unit 6, the heater 7, and the electromagnetic generating plate 41, the first-direction vibrator 51, and the second-direction vibrator 52 in the above technical solution are all connected to the power supply 8; and the heater 7, the electromagnetic generating plate 41, the first-direction vibrator 51, and the second-direction vibrator 52 are also electrically connected to the control unit 6, so as to be able to control the start and stop and working power of the heater 7, the start and stop and working power of the electromagnetic generating plate 41, the start and stop and amplitude of the first-direction vibrator 51, and the start and stop and amplitude of the second-direction vibrator 52 through the control unit 6, thereby being able to control the temperature of the liquid metal in the melting furnace 1, the stirring force of the liquid metal, and the vibration direction and vibration amplitude, so as to be able to form more and more uniformly distributed crystal nuclei in the liquid metal, so that more, finer and more uniformly distributed grains can be finally formed.

[0057] The implementation principle of the equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: The connection between the melting furnace 1 and the box body 2 is realized through the universal connection device 3, so that when the furnace body of the melting furnace 1 is vibrated by the ultrasonic vibration unit 5 arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace, it can promote the free atoms in the liquid metal to collide with each other to form more crystal nuclei, or break up the larger crystal nuclei into more small crystal nuclei to increase the number of crystal nuclei, thereby being able to increase the number of grains and make the refinement degree of the grains higher, and the melting furnace 1 can be swung and oscillated along at least two directions through the universal connection device 3, so that the formed crystal nuclei can be more uniformly distributed, and further the distribution of the finally obtained grains is also more uniform; in addition, the electromagnetic stirring unit 4 can stir the liquid metal to promote the free atoms in the liquid metal to collide with each other to form more crystal nuclei, or break up the larger crystal nuclei into more small crystal nuclei to increase the number of crystal nuclei, thereby being able to increase the number of grains and make the refinement degree of the grains higher, and also being able to make the crystal nuclei in the liquid metal more uniformly distributed, so that the distribution of the grains is more uniform.

[0058] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited by this. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An apparatus for grain refinement in the process of metal smelting, which is used for smelting solid-phase materials composed of high-purity metal ingots and master alloys, and is characterized in that: It includes a box body (2), a melting furnace (1) and a stirring and vibrating unit; the melting furnace (1) can heat and melt the solid-phase material to form a fusion, and can control the temperature so that the fusion is in a semi-solidified state. Both the melting furnace (1) and the stirring and vibrating unit are accommodated in the box body (2). A universal connecting device (3) is provided between the furnace port (11) of the melting furnace (1) and the box port (21) of the box body (2), and the furnace port (11) can be connected to the box port (21) via the universal connecting device (3). The universal connecting device (3) includes a first receiving ring (31) and a second receiving ring (32). A pair of first rotating shafts (33) are provided on the first receiving ring (31) and are arranged oppositely. The axial directions of the two shafts in this pair of first rotating shafts (33) are the same, which is the first axial direction, so that the first receiving ring (31) can rotate around the first axial direction; a pair of second rotating shafts (34) are provided on the second receiving ring (32) and are arranged oppositely. The axial directions of the two shafts in this pair of second rotating shafts (34) are the same, which is the second axial direction, so that the second receiving ring (32) can rotate around the second axial direction, and the first axial direction is perpendicular to the second axial direction. The stirring and vibrating unit includes an electromagnetic stirring unit (4) and an ultrasonic vibrating unit (5). Both the electromagnetic stirring unit (4) and the ultrasonic vibrating unit (5) are arranged at the bottom of the melting furnace (1). The electromagnetic stirring unit (4) includes an electromagnetic generating plate (41). There is a vibration gap between the electromagnetic generating plate (41) and the melting furnace (1), and a through-hole structure (411) is provided in the middle of the electromagnetic generating plate (41). A vibration receiving column (12) is provided at the bottom of the melting furnace (1), and the vibration receiving column (12) can pass through the through-hole structure (411) and be connected to the ultrasonic vibrating unit (5). The ultrasonic vibrating unit (5) includes a first vibrator group and a second vibrator group. The first vibrator group includes a pair of first-direction vibrators (51) arranged oppositely, and the vibration direction of the first-direction vibrators (51) is parallel to the first axial direction; the second vibrator group includes a pair of second-direction vibrators (52) arranged oppositely, and the vibration direction of the second-direction vibrators (52) is parallel to the second axial direction. And the ultrasonic vibrating unit (5) is configured such that when one of the first vibrator group and the second vibrator group is in a working state, the other is in a non-working state.

2. The device for grain refinement in the metal melting process according to claim 1, characterized in that, A receiving surface is formed on the second receiving ring (32), and a flange structure is formed at the furnace port (11). The melting furnace (1) can be hung on the second receiving ring (32) through the cooperation of the flange structure and the receiving surface.

3. The equipment for grain refinement in the metal melting process according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes a control unit (6), a heater (7) and a power supply (8). The control unit (6), the heater (7), the electromagnetic generating plate (41), the first-direction vibrator (51) and the second-direction vibrator (52) are all connected to the power supply (8); and the heater (7), the electromagnetic generating plate (41), the first-direction vibrator (51) and the second-direction vibrator (52) are also electrically connected to the control unit (6).

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