A branch river mouth gate dam and a method for controlling reservoir area siltation based on the gate dam

Abstract

The application discloses a branch stream port gate dam and a reservoir area siltation control method based on the gate dam, and relates to the technical field of dam construction, which comprises the following steps: building a gate dam at each branch stream port with large reservoir capacity in the reservoir area upstream of the main stream dam; the main body of the gate dam is the branch stream dam, the upper part and the lower part of the branch stream dam are respectively provided with surface holes and bottom holes, and the surface holes and the bottom holes are respectively provided with gates for controlling the opening and closing of the bottom holes and the surface holes; the reservoir gate dam operation mode is as follows: in the non-flood season, all the gates of the branch stream port gate dam are closed; in the transition period from the non-flood season to the flood season, the main stream reservoir is discharged first, and then the branch stream reservoir is discharged; in the flood season, when the main stream reservoir needs to store floodwater, the main stream reservoir is filled first, and then the branch stream reservoir is filled; when the main stream reservoir needs to discharge floodwater, the main stream reservoir is discharged first, and then the branch stream reservoir is discharged; in the transition period from the flood season to the non-flood season, the main stream reservoir is filled first, and then the branch stream reservoir is filled. The gate dam is arranged at the branch stream port, and the water and sediment regulation and control capacity of the reservoir is enhanced by jointly using the branch stream reservoir capacity and the main stream reservoir capacity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a reservoir water and sediment control technology, in particular to a branch stream mouth gate dam and a reservoir siltation control method based on the gate dam. BACKGROUND

[0002] Reservoirs are built to develop and utilize water resources, and river sediment is intercepted in the reservoir, causing reservoir siltation. Reservoir siltation causes effective storage loss, reduces the regulation performance of the reservoir, and further causes upstream flood inundation and navigation problems due to the upward extension of the tailwater siltation. The siltation of many reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin exceeds more than half of the total storage capacity, greatly restricting the effectiveness of the reservoir. How to effectively control or slow down the effective storage loss caused by reservoir siltation has been a major problem in the operation of multi-sediment rivers. At present, the main control or prevention measures for reservoir siltation are reservoir sediment discharge, mechanical dredging for small reservoirs, and mechanical and hydraulic combined dredging. Reducing reservoir siltation and lowering the reservoir water level are important forms of reservoir sediment discharge. Reducing the operating water level of the reservoir increases the flow velocity of the upstream water flow without the effect of water storage, causing the water flow to scour the reservoir siltation, restoring part of the storage capacity, and better scouring effect when the water level is lowered during a large flood. The process of lowering the water level is mainly divided into two parts: the scouring caused by the lowering of the water level and the scouring caused by the water level remaining at a low level. The main factors affecting the scouring are the inflow and the water level in front of the dam. After the water level of the reservoir is lowered, if the inflow is not large, the effect of the lowering of the water level is not obvious, and the subsequent power will be insufficient. The existing reservoirs have a slow flow from the quasi-stationary state to the outflow process, and the flow velocity is relatively low during the whole process, so the water flow energy is low, and there is no obvious scouring ability for the riverbed siltation in the reservoir. Therefore, the reservoir itself has no contribution to the lowering of the water level. At present, the lowering of the water level is mainly completed by the inflow. Similar researches include building a branch stream reservoir on the upstream of the branch stream mouth, using the branch stream storage capacity to scour the branch stream mouth sand, building a reservoir on the upstream of the branch stream, intercepting the branch stream inflow, and controlling the reservoir bay water bloom. There is no precedent for building a dam at the branch stream mouth in the reservoir area, using the joint operation of the branch stream storage capacity and the main stream storage capacity to enhance the water and sediment control capacity of the reservoir. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application relates to a reservoir water and sediment control technology, in particular to a branch stream mouth gate dam and a reservoir siltation control method based on the gate dam.

[0004] Technical solution: The branch stream gate dam of the application comprises a branch stream dam, a bottom hole, a front gate of the bottom hole, a rear gate of the bottom hole, a surface hole, a front gate of the surface hole and a rear gate of the surface hole, the branch stream dam is arranged at the branch stream gate of the upstream reservoir area of the main stream dam, and the reservoir area is divided into a main stream reservoir and a branch stream reservoir; the surface hole and the bottom hole are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the branch stream dam respectively, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the bottom hole respectively, and are used for limiting the water flow from the branch stream reservoir to the main stream reservoir; the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the surface hole respectively, and are used for limiting the water flow from the main stream reservoir to the branch stream reservoir.

[0005] Preferably, the branch stream dam is selected from dam types that bear water pressure on both sides of the dam body.

[0006] In another embodiment of the application, a control method for reservoir area siltation based on a branch stream gate dam comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. In the upstream reservoir area of the main stream dam, a plurality of branch streams with required reservoir capacity are selected according to the terrain, and a gate dam is built at each branch stream gate to divide the reservoir area into a main stream reservoir and a branch stream reservoir.

[0008] S2. Reservoir gate dam operation mode:

[0009] During the non-flood season, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, and then the surface hole and the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, so that there is no water exchange between the main stream reservoir area and the branch stream reservoir area.

[0010] During the transition period from the non-flood season to the flood season, the main stream reservoir is discharged first, and the branch stream reservoir is discharged later; specifically, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, and then the surface hole and the bottom hole are controlled to be closed; then the gate of the main stream dam is opened to discharge water, so that the water level of the main stream reservoir is lowered, and when the water level of the main stream reservoir is lowered to the lowest water level or the flood limit water level, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be opened, and then the bottom hole is opened, the water level of the branch stream reservoir is higher than that of the main stream reservoir, and the branch stream reservoir discharges water to the main stream reservoir to flush the siltation of the main stream riverbed; after the branch stream reservoir is discharged, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, and then the bottom hole is closed.

[0011] During the flood season, the water level of the main stream reservoir and the tributary reservoir is between the lowest water level and the flood limit water level. When the main stream reservoir needs to store flood water, the main stream reservoir stores water first, and the tributary reservoir stores water later. The front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are opened, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and the water level of the tributary reservoir is not higher than that of the main stream reservoir. When the main stream reservoir needs to discharge flood water, the main stream reservoir discharges water first, and the tributary reservoir discharges water later. The front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are closed, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are opened, and then the bottom hole is opened and the surface hole is closed. The water level of the tributary reservoir is not lower than that of the main stream reservoir. After the tributary reservoir is discharged, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and then the bottom hole is closed.

[0012] During the transition period from the flood season to the non-flood season, the main stream reservoir stores water first, and the tributary reservoir stores water later. When the water level of the main stream reservoir rises, the front gate, the rear gate, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and then the surface hole and the bottom hole are closed to ensure that the water level of the main stream reservoir reaches the normal water level quickly. When the water level of the main stream reservoir reaches the normal water level, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are opened, and then the surface hole is opened. Under the condition that the water level of the main stream reservoir basically remains unchanged, the tributary reservoir stores water. After the tributary reservoir is full, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are closed, and then the surface hole is closed.

[0013] Further, in step S2, during the non-flood season, when water flow needs to flow from the main stream reservoir to the tributary reservoir, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are opened, and the surface hole of the tributary dam is enabled.

[0014] Further, in step S2, during the transition period from the non-flood season to the flood season, when the tributary reservoir discharges water, according to the water and sediment conditions upstream of the main stream reservoir, the water quantity discharged by the tributary reservoir into the main stream reservoir is matched with the water and sediment of the main stream. When there is no obvious large flow of water upstream of the main stream reservoir, the tributary reservoir discharges water into the main stream reservoir at the lowest water level. When there is a significant large flow of water and sediment upstream of the main stream reservoir, the tributary reservoir discharges water into the main stream reservoir when the flow of water upstream is low and the sediment content is high, increasing the subsequent capacity of the main stream to scour. When the sediment content of the upstream water is low, the tributary reservoir discharges water into the main stream reservoir when the flow of water upstream is high, increasing the scouring capacity of the main stream. The scouring of the main stream riverbed is realized, and the siltation of the main stream riverbed is reduced.

[0015] Further, in step S2, during the transition period from the non-flood season to the flood season, when the water level of the main stream reservoir decreases, if the upstream water quantity of the tributary corresponding to the tributary reservoir is large, the surface hole and the bottom hole of the tributary reservoir are closed to slightly raise the water level of the tributary reservoir to increase the scouring water quantity.

[0016] Further, in step S2, during the flood season, when the water of the main stream reservoir is high-sediment flood, the front gate, the rear gate, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and then the surface hole and the bottom hole are closed to avoid the siltation of the tributary reservoir.

[0017] Further, the operation sequence of the multiple branch stream reservoirs is determined according to the position sequence from upstream to downstream of the main stream, and the discharge is performed according to the principle of 'discharging from the downstream first and then from the upstream', and the water storage is performed according to the principle of'storing from the downstream first and then from the upstream'.

[0018] In another embodiment of the present application, a device apparatus comprises a memory and a processor, wherein:

[0019] The memory is configured to store a computer program capable of running on the processor;

[0020] The processor is configured to execute the steps of the above-mentioned control method for reservoir area siltation based on a branch stream mouth gate dam when running the computer program.

[0021] In another embodiment of the present application, a storage medium has a computer program stored thereon, and the computer program, when executed by at least one processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned control method for reservoir area siltation based on a branch stream mouth gate dam.

[0022] Advantages: Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following significant technical effects:

[0023] (1) The present application uses the discharge structure arranged on the dam body of the branch stream reservoir to realize the water and sediment exchange between the main stream reservoir and the branch stream reservoir, and the branch stream reservoir cooperates with the main stream reservoir to complete normal scheduling and joint operation with other reservoirs, and only receives the water body of the main stream reservoir through the surface hole, and basically meets the rule of clear water in the upper reaches and muddy water in the lower reaches according to the water distribution, so as to ensure that the sediment content of the water flow entering the branch stream reservoir is low, the branch stream siltation amount is small, and the reservoir siltation mainly occurs in the main stream. When the branch stream reservoir needs to store sediment, the bottom hole of the branch stream reservoir is opened to exchange water and sediment, which improves the siltation control ability of the branch stream reservoir capacity and effectively ensures the long-term maintenance of the effective capacity of the branch stream;

[0024] (2) The method of the present application uses the water storage capacity of the branch stream reservoir itself, and after the water level of the reservoir is lowered, the water quantity discharged into the main stream reservoir is reasonably matched with the incoming water and sediment of the main stream, which can increase the flushing of the main stream reservoir in the reservoir water and sediment operation, is beneficial to the long-term maintenance of the effective capacity of the main stream, and can improve the utilization efficiency of water resources of the reservoir;

[0025] (3) In the water storage period, the branch stream reservoir stores water after the main stream reservoir is full, and the water quantity required for the water level of the main stream to reach the same height is larger than that when the method is not used. For the reservoir with a large branch stream capacity ratio, less water storage can quickly raise the water level of the main stream and achieve a high power generation water head, which can significantly improve the power generation benefit of the reservoir;

[0026] (4) The method of the present invention, on the one hand, effectively controls the siltation of the main stream and tributaries of the reservoir, ensures the long-term maintenance of the reservoir's beneficial storage capacity and flood control capacity, and increases the reservoir's regulation capacity; on the other hand, it enables the water level of the main stream reservoir to rise rapidly after the arrival of floods; the reservoir's discharge capacity is positively correlated with the water level of the main stream reservoir, so the method can significantly increase the reservoir's discharge capacity, so that when the reservoir adopts the open discharge scheduling strategy, it can pre-discharge some water more quickly, reserve more storage capacity to reduce flood peaks, and increase the reservoir's regulation capacity in the defense of large floods;

[0027] (5) The method of the present invention is simple to operate, safe and reliable, and is very suitable for use in reservoirs with large tributary capacity in sandy rivers. It has great promotion and application value and replicability. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the locations of the main stream reservoir and tributary reservoirs in this invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal profile at the mouth of a tributary.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Main stream dam; 2. Main stream reservoir; 3. Main stream bank; 4. Tributary dam; 5. Tributary reservoir; 6. Tributary bank; 7. Gate before bottom outlet; 8. Bottom outlet; 9. Gate after bottom outlet; 10. Gate before surface outlet; 11. Surface outlet; 12. Gate after surface outlet; 13. Minimum water level; 14. Flood control water level; 15. Normal water level; 16. Tributary riverbed; 17. Main stream riverbed; 18. Upstream of tributary. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a method for controlling reservoir siltation by constructing dams at tributary outlets, comprising the layout and operation of structures and equipment, specifically including the following steps:

[0034] S1. Layout of buildings: such as Figure 2 As shown, the main dam 1 is located between the two banks 3 of the main stream. The total reservoir capacity includes both tributary capacity and main stream capacity. Upstream of the main dam 1, several tributaries with larger capacities are selected based on the topography. Tributary dams 4 are constructed between the two banks 6 at the mouths of each tributary, dividing the tributary capacity into main stream reservoir 2 and tributary reservoir 5. The gate control of the multiple tributary reservoirs employs the same strategy, determining the gate opening and closing sequence according to the upstream and downstream positions of the tributary reservoirs on the main stream. Figure 3As shown, the branch dam 4 is provided with bottom outlet 8, bottom outlet front gate 7, bottom outlet rear gate 9, surface outlet 11, surface outlet front gate 10, surface outlet rear gate 12 and other discharge structures for water and sediment exchange with the main stream reservoir 2. The upper part of the dam body of the branch dam 4 is controlled by the surface outlet front gate 10 and the surface outlet rear gate 12 to open and close the surface outlet 11, to restrict the flow from the main stream reservoir 2 to the branch stream reservoir 5, and not to allow reverse flow. The bottom outlet 8 near the bottom of the dam body is controlled by the bottom outlet front gate 7 and the bottom outlet rear gate 9 to open and close, to restrict the flow from the branch stream reservoir 5 to the main stream reservoir 2, and not to allow reverse flow. The branch dam 4 selects the dam type that both sides of the dam body bear the pressure of the water body. The surface outlet 11 and the bottom outlet 8 are provided with the bottom outlet front gate 7, the bottom outlet rear gate 9, the surface outlet front gate 10 and the surface outlet rear gate 12 which can meet the requirements of two-way water retaining. The height of the bottom outlet 8 on one side of the branch stream reservoir 5 can be higher than that on one side of the main stream reservoir 2. The normal water level 15 and the flood control water level 14 of the branch stream reservoir 5 are consistent with those of the main stream reservoir 2.

[0035] S2, specific operation mode: during discharge, the principle of "first main stream, then branch stream" is followed; during storage, the principle of "first main stream, then branch stream" is followed; the surface outlet of the branch dam controls the flow from the main stream reservoir to the branch stream reservoir, and the bottom outlet controls the flow from the branch stream reservoir to the main stream reservoir; in non-flood season, the surface outlet and the bottom outlet gate of the branch dam are closed, and when the flow needs to flow from the main stream reservoir 2 to the branch stream reservoir 5, the surface outlet of the branch stream reservoir is mainly used; during the transition from non-flood season to flood season, during discharge, the principle of "first main stream, then branch stream" is followed, the main stream reservoir is discharged first, and the branch stream reservoir is discharged later, when the main stream reservoir has been discharged or reaches the flood control water level, the branch stream reservoir with high water level stores more water to discharge to the main stream, which is appropriately matched with the water and sediment of the main stream, and has a great scouring effect on the river bed of the main stream; in flood season, when the main stream reservoir needs to store flood water, the principle of "first main stream, then branch stream" is still followed, the main stream reservoir is stored first, and the branch stream reservoir is stored later, when the incoming water of the main stream reservoir is high-sediment flood, the surface outlet and the bottom outlet gate of the branch stream reservoir are closed to avoid siltation of the branch stream reservoir; during the transition from flood season to non-flood season, the main stream reservoir is stored first, and the branch stream reservoir is stored later, when the water level of the main stream rises, the surface outlet and the bottom outlet gate of the branch stream reservoir are closed to ensure that the water level of the main stream quickly reaches the normal operating water level; when the water level of the main stream reaches the normal operating water level, the surface outlet of the branch stream reservoir is gradually opened, and the branch stream reservoir is stored under the condition that the water level of the main stream basically remains unchanged; the operation sequence of multiple branch stream reservoirs is determined according to the position sequence from upstream to downstream of the main stream, and the principle of "first downstream, then upstream" is followed during discharge, and the principle of "first downstream, then upstream" is followed during storage.

[0036] Specifically:

[0037] S21, in non-flood season, control the front gate 10, the back gate 12, the bottom hole front gate 7, the bottom hole back gate 9 of the table hole closed, and then control the table hole 11, the bottom hole 8 of the branch dam 4 closed, when the water flow needs to flow from the main stream reservoir 2 to the branch stream reservoir 5, control the table hole front gate 10, the table hole back gate 12 open, and enable the table hole 11 of the branch dam 4;

[0038] S22, in non-flood season to flood season transition period, the main stream reservoir 2 first discharges, and the branch stream reservoir 5 discharges later; that is, control the front gate 10, the back gate 12, the bottom hole front gate 7, the bottom hole back gate 9 of the table hole closed, and then the gate of the main dam 1 is opened to discharge, so that the water level of the main stream reservoir 2 is lowered, and the water level of the branch stream reservoir 5 is high and stores more water; when the main stream reservoir 2 needs to be emptied, the water level is lowered to the lowest water level 13, when the main stream reservoir 2 does not need to be emptied, the water level is only lowered to the flood limit water level 14, both cases are the same, the bottom hole 8 of each branch is not affected or less affected by the main stream water level support, control the bottom hole front gate 7, the bottom hole back gate 9 open, and then the bottom hole 8 of the branch dam 4 is opened, the water level of the branch stream reservoir 5 is higher than that of the main stream reservoir 2, and the branch stream reservoir 5 discharges water to the main stream reservoir 2, when the branch stream reservoir 5 discharges water to form a large flow, because the water level of the main stream reservoir 2 is low at this time, the water flow has a large scouring effect on the main stream river bed 17; in addition, according to the water and sediment conditions on the upstream of the main stream reservoir 2, the water discharged from the branch stream reservoir 5 and the water and sediment of the main stream are matched, when there is no obvious large flow of water on the upstream, the branch stream reservoir 5 can discharge water to the main stream reservoir 2 at the lowest water level 13, when there is a significant large flow of water and sediment on the upstream, the branch stream reservoir 5 can discharge water to the main stream reservoir 2 when the flow of water on the upstream is low and the sediment content is high, to increase the subsequent ability of the main stream scouring, when the sediment content on the upstream is low, the branch stream reservoir 5 can discharge water to the main stream reservoir 2 when the flow of water on the upstream is high, to increase the scouring ability of the main stream; after the branch stream reservoir 5 is emptied, control the bottom hole front gate 7, the bottom hole back gate 9 closed, and then the bottom hole 8 is closed; during the water level lowering process of the main stream reservoir 2, when the water flow on the upstream 18 is large, the closing of the table hole and the bottom hole of the branch stream reservoir 5 makes the water level of the branch stream reservoir 5 rise, which is beneficial to increase the available scouring water flow;

[0039] S23, during the flood season, the water level of the main stream reservoir 2 and the branch stream reservoir 5 is between the lowest water level 13 and the flood limit water level 14, when the main stream reservoir 2 needs to store flood water, the main stream reservoir 2 stores water first, and the branch stream reservoir 5 stores water later; the surface hole front gate 10 and the surface hole rear gate 12 of the branch stream dam 4 are opened, the bottom hole front gate 7 and the bottom hole rear gate 9 are closed, and the water level of the branch stream reservoir 5 is not higher than that of the main stream reservoir 2; when the main stream reservoir 2 needs to discharge flood water, the main stream reservoir 2 discharges water first, and the branch stream reservoir 5 discharges water later, the surface hole front gate 10 and the surface hole rear gate 12 are controlled to be closed, the bottom hole front gate 7 and the bottom hole rear gate 9 are opened, and then the bottom hole 8 of the branch stream reservoir 5 is opened, the surface hole 11 is closed, the water level of the branch stream reservoir 5 is not lower than that of the main stream reservoir 2, after the branch stream reservoir 5 is discharged, the bottom hole front gate 7 and the bottom hole rear gate 9 are controlled to be closed, and then the bottom hole 8 is closed; when the incoming water of the main stream reservoir 2 is high-sand flood water, the surface hole front gate 10, the surface hole rear gate 12, the bottom hole front gate 7 and the bottom hole rear gate 9 are controlled to be closed, and then the surface hole 11 and the bottom hole 8 of the branch stream reservoir 5 are closed, so as to avoid the branch stream riverbed 16 from being silted up;

[0040] S24, during the transition period from the flood season to the non-flood season, the main stream reservoir 2 stores water first, and the branch stream reservoir 5 stores water later; when the water level of the main stream reservoir 2 rises, the surface hole front gate 10, the surface hole rear gate 12, the bottom hole front gate 7 and the bottom hole rear gate 9 are controlled to be closed, and then the surface hole 11 and the bottom hole 8 of the branch stream reservoir 5 are closed, so as to ensure that the water level of the main stream reservoir 2 quickly reaches the normal water level 15; when the water level of the main stream reservoir reaches the normal water level 15, the surface hole front gate 10 and the surface hole rear gate 12 are opened, and then the surface hole 11 of the branch stream reservoir 5 is opened successively, so as to store water in the branch stream reservoir 5 while ensuring that the water level of the main stream reservoir basically remains unchanged; at this time, the water flowability of the main stream reservoir 2 is poor, the surface layer water body has low sand content, and the amount of siltation on the branch stream riverbed 16 after entering the branch stream reservoir 5 is small; after the branch stream reservoir 5 is full, the surface hole front gate 10 and the surface hole rear gate 12 are controlled to be closed, and then the surface hole 11 of the branch stream reservoir is closed, and the total water storage capacity of the reservoir satisfies the mass conservation equation:

[0041]

[0042] wherein W(t) is the total water storage capacity of the reservoir at any time, W0 is the initial total water storage capacity of the reservoir, Q i (t) is the incoming flow, Q o (t) is the outgoing flow, and t is time; it is assumed that W0 corresponds to the initial regulating water level Z0 of the reservoir during the water storage period, Z1 is the normal water level 15 of the reservoir, and W1 is the total water storage capacity of the reservoir at the normal water level 15; in the case of no branch stream reservoir, when the water level of the main stream rises from Z0 to Z1, the reservoir is stored to the normal water level 15 for a period of T non which satisfies:

[0043]

[0044] In the case of tributary river reservoir, when the water level of the main stream is raised from Z0 to Z1, the reservoir is filled to the normal operating water level for a duration of T + Satisfies:

[0045]

[0046] Wherein, W M1 is the normal water level 15 of the main stream reservoir storage capacity, W M0 is the water level Z0 of the main stream reservoir storage capacity, by:

[0047] W1=W M1 +W S1

[0048] W0=W M0 +W S0

[0049] Wherein, W S1 is the normal water level 15 of the tributary river reservoir storage capacity, W S0 is the water level Z0 of the tributary river reservoir storage capacity, it can be known that the time difference T non -T + Satisfies:

[0050]

[0051] The time difference T non -T + is the time for filling all tributary reservoir capacity, in the case of no tributary river reservoir, the main stream reservoir is filled to the normal water level 15 for a duration of T non , in the case of tributary river reservoir, the main stream reservoir is filled to the normal operating water level for a duration of T + , the duration of filling water is shortened by T non -T + In this period of time, in the case of tributary river reservoir, the main stream reservoir can generate electricity at the normal water level 15, while in the case of no tributary river reservoir, the reservoir is in the state of continuous water level rising, the water level has not reached the normal water level 15, the main stream reservoir can only generate electricity at a lower state than the normal water level 15. For any reservoir, this time value can represent the increased power generation benefit based on the tributary river gate dam during the filling period.

[0052] The method for increasing the reservoir regulating capacity by constructing a branch stream gate dam according to the present application comprises: constructing branch stream gate dams at multiple branch stream gates in a reservoir area to divide the branch stream reservoir capacity and the main stream reservoir capacity. The branch stream gate dam body is provided with surface holes, bottom holes and gate dams and other discharge structures for water and sediment exchange between the main stream reservoir and the branch stream reservoir. The surface holes are controlled by the gate dams to control the water flow from the main stream reservoir to the branch stream reservoir, and the bottom holes are controlled by the gate dams to control the water flow from the branch stream to the main stream, so as to realize the clean water storage and muddy water discharge of the branch stream reservoir, and the sediment concentration of the water body is far lower than that of the main stream reservoir, which is beneficial to the maintenance of the effective capacity of the branch stream reservoir. The branch stream water storage can be directly used for the scouring of the main stream reservoir area, which enhances the scouring capacity of the reservoir water body on the reservoir area, and is beneficial to the long-term maintenance of the effective capacity of the main stream reservoir. The reservoir water storage and discharge follow the principle of "first main stream, then branch stream". During water storage, the main stream reservoir is first stored, and the branch stream reservoir is then stored; during water discharge, the main stream reservoir is first discharged, and the branch stream reservoir is then discharged. During water storage, the rapid lifting of the main stream reservoir level can be realized by less water storage. Under the premise of the same reservoir storage capacity, the power generation benefit of the reservoir can be significantly improved compared with the reservoir without the branch stream reservoir. During the flood season, the water level of the main stream reservoir can be quickly raised after the arrival of the flood, and under the premise of the same reservoir storage capacity, the discharge capacity of the reservoir is enhanced compared with the reservoir without the branch stream reservoir, and the flood regulating and storage capacity of the reservoir is increased.

Claims

1. A method for controlling reservoir area sedimentation based on tributary mouth gate dam, characterized in that, The branch stream mouth gate dam comprises a branch stream dam, a bottom hole, a front gate of the bottom hole, a rear gate of the bottom hole, an upper hole, a front gate of the upper hole and a rear gate of the upper hole, the branch stream dam is arranged at a branch stream mouth of a reservoir area upstream of a main stream dam, and the reservoir area is divided into a main stream reservoir and a branch stream reservoir; the upper hole and the bottom hole are arranged at upper and lower portions of the branch stream dam respectively, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are arranged at front and rear ends of the bottom hole respectively, and are used for limiting water flow from the branch stream reservoir to the main stream reservoir; the front gate and the rear gate of the upper hole are arranged at front and rear ends of the upper hole respectively, and are used for limiting water flow from the main stream reservoir to the branch stream reservoir, and the method comprises the following steps: S1. In the reservoir area upstream of the main stream dam, a plurality of branch streams with required reservoir capacities are selected according to the terrain, and a gate dam is built at each branch stream mouth to divide the reservoir area into the main stream reservoir and the branch stream reservoir; S2. Reservoir gate dam operation mode: In the non-flood season, the front gate and the rear gate of the upper hole, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, and then the upper hole and the bottom hole are closed, and there is no water exchange between the main stream reservoir and the branch stream reservoir; when water flow needs to flow from the main stream reservoir to the branch stream reservoir, the front gate and the rear gate of the upper hole are controlled to be opened, and the upper hole of the branch stream dam is enabled; In the transition period from the non-flood season to the flood season, the main stream reservoir is discharged first, and the branch stream reservoir is discharged later; specifically, the front gate and the rear gate of the upper hole, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, and then the upper hole and the bottom hole are closed; then the gate of the main stream dam is opened to discharge water, so that the water level of the main stream reservoir is lowered, and when the water level of the main stream reservoir is lowered to the lowest water level or the flood limit water level, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be opened, and then the bottom hole is opened, the water level of the branch stream reservoir is higher than that of the main stream reservoir, and the branch stream reservoir discharges water to the main stream reservoir to flush the silt accumulated in the main stream riverbed; after the branch stream reservoir is discharged, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are controlled to be closed, and then the bottom hole is closed; in the transition period from the non-flood season to the flood season, when the branch stream reservoir discharges water, the water quantity discharged from the branch stream reservoir is matched with the incoming water and sediment of the main stream according to the water and sediment conditions upstream of the main stream reservoir; when there is no obvious large flow of incoming water upstream of the main stream reservoir, the branch stream reservoir discharges water to the main stream reservoir at the lowest water level; when there is an obvious large flow of incoming water and sediment upstream of the main stream reservoir, the branch stream reservoir discharges water to the main stream reservoir when the incoming water flow upstream of the main stream reservoir is low and the sediment content is high, to increase the subsequent capacity of the main stream flushing; when the sediment content upstream of the main stream reservoir is low, the branch stream reservoir discharges water to the main stream reservoir when the incoming water flow upstream of the main stream reservoir is high, to increase the flushing capacity of the main stream; the main stream riverbed is flushed, and the silt accumulation in the main stream riverbed is reduced. During flood season, the water level of the main stream reservoir and the tributary reservoir is between the lowest water level and the flood limit water level. When the main stream reservoir needs to store flood water, the main stream reservoir stores water first, and the tributary reservoir stores water later. The front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are opened, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and the water level of the tributary reservoir is not higher than that of the main stream reservoir. When the main stream reservoir needs to discharge flood water, the main stream reservoir discharges water first, and the tributary reservoir discharges water later. The front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are closed, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are opened, and then the bottom hole is opened and the surface hole is closed. The water level of the tributary reservoir is not lower than that of the main stream reservoir. After the tributary reservoir is discharged, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and then the bottom hole is closed. When the incoming water of the main stream reservoir is high-sand flood water, the front gate, the rear gate, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and then the surface hole and the bottom hole are closed to avoid the tributary reservoir from being silted up. During the transition period from flood season to non-flood season, the main stream reservoir stores water first, and the tributary reservoir stores water later. When the water level of the main stream reservoir rises, the front gate, the rear gate, the front gate and the rear gate of the bottom hole are closed, and then the surface hole and the bottom hole are closed to ensure that the water level of the main stream reservoir quickly reaches the normal water level. When the water level of the main stream reservoir reaches the normal water level, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are opened, and then the surface hole is opened. The tributary reservoir is stored under the condition that the water level of the main stream reservoir basically does not change. After the tributary reservoir is full, the front gate and the rear gate of the surface hole are closed, and then the surface hole is closed.

2. The reservoir siltation control method based on the branch river mouth gate dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the transition period from non-flood season to flood season, when the tributary reservoir upstream has a large amount of incoming water during the water level decrease of the main stream reservoir, the surface hole and the bottom hole of the tributary reservoir are closed to slightly raise the water level of the tributary reservoir to increase the scouring water amount.

3. The reservoir siltation control method based on tributary mouth gate dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operation sequence of the multiple tributary reservoirs is determined according to the position sequence on the upstream and downstream of the main stream. When discharging water, the principle of "discharging water from downstream to upstream" is followed. When storing water, the principle of "storing water from downstream to upstream" is followed.

4. The reservoir siltation control method based on tributary mouth gate dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tributary dam selects a dam type that bears water pressure on both sides of the dam body.

5. An apparatus device comprising: The memory is configured to store a computer program capable of running on the processor. The memory is configured to store a computer program capable of running on the processor. The memory is configured to store a computer program capable of running on the processor.

6. A storage medium, characterized by The memory is configured to store a computer program capable of running on the processor.

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