A roof structure with a hot water function

Abstract

The present invention discloses a roof structure with a hot water function, which is characterized in that it includes a support layer, a water interlayer, and a surface layer that are integrally laid obliquely on the roof and stacked in sequence from bottom to top. A temperature-controlled water outlet switch is provided at the lowermost end of the water interlayer, and the temperature-controlled water outlet switch is used to be connected to a hot water storage tank. An inlet switch is provided at the uppermost end of the water interlayer, and the inlet switch is used to be connected to a water source. The present invention can utilize solar energy more efficiently for hot water, can better control the hot water effect, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of using roofs to obtain solar energy, and specifically relates to a roof structure with a hot water function. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the gradual depletion of non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum, in order to cope with the energy crisis, increasing the development and utilization of clean energy sources such as solar energy has become a research hotspot for people to solve energy problems. Among them, the technology of using the roof position to realize solar hot water is a relatively conventional household solar energy utilization technology.

[0003] There are currently two ways to use the roof to realize solar hot water. One is to directly install a solar water heater on the roof to achieve hot water, which is relatively conventional but has a low solar energy utilization efficiency. The other is to directly build the roof into a structure with a hot water function, which has a higher solar energy utilization efficiency. For example, a solar hot water pipe combined with roofing tiles disclosed in CN201220248178.4, and solar hot water tiles disclosed in CN201010147016.7, and a heat storage and energy-saving tile disclosed in the patent CN114576865A previously applied by the inventor, all belong to this technical solution and can make full use of solar energy to provide domestic hot water for households. However, this tile technology still has the defects of inconvenient installation and poor control stability in use.

[0004] Therefore, the applicant considered that on the basis of the existing technology, the roof was directly designed as a roof with a water sandwich layer, and the water was heated by absorbing solar energy on the roof surface. However, it was found that it was very difficult to control the solar hot water effect in this way. That is, if the water sandwich layer was set too thick, the heating could not reach the required temperature, and if the water sandwich layer was too thin, it might lead to waste of solar energy. Moreover, even if the thickness was set appropriately, the same problem would occur when encountering different lighting weather conditions, and it was difficult to effectively control the water heating effect. This is also the reason why there is almost no such solution in the existing technology that directly sets the roof as a water sandwich layer to utilize solar hot water.

[0005] Therefore, how to design a roof structure that can utilize solar energy more efficiently for hot water and can better control the hot water effect has become a problem to be considered and solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technology, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a roof structure with a hot water function that can utilize solar energy more efficiently for hot water and can better control the hot water effect.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A roof structure with a hot water function, characterized in that it includes a support layer, a water interlayer, and a surface layer that are integrally laid obliquely on the roof and stacked in sequence from bottom to top. A temperature-controlled water outlet switch is provided at the lowermost end of the water interlayer, and the temperature-controlled water outlet switch is used to connect to a hot water storage tank. An inlet switch is provided at the uppermost end of the water interlayer, and the inlet switch is used to connect to a water source.

[0009] In this way, the water interlayer in this solution can be set thinner. When in use during the day, the inlet switch is opened to fill the water interlayer with water. The sun shines directly on the surface layer to heat the water. After the water is heated to the rated temperature, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch automatically discharges water. The hot water flows into the hot water storage tank for heat preservation storage, providing domestic hot water for the family. At the same time, water is automatically replenished at the inlet switch, making the above process continue until the end of the day. Therefore, this solution can utilize solar energy for hot water more efficiently, can achieve automatic control of the hot water effect, and can provide domestic hot water for users to the greatest extent.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the water interlayer is less than 1 cm. In this way, when the sun shines directly, the water in the water interlayer can be quickly heated to the rated temperature and flow out for storage, ensuring that hot water at the rated temperature can be obtained even with a short illumination time.

[0011] Furthermore, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch is a shape memory alloy automatic temperature control switch.

[0012] In this way, it can be automatically controlled to open according to the temperature, allowing hot water that meets the temperature requirements to flow into the hot water storage tank for heat preservation storage. The shape memory alloy automatic temperature control switch is an existing mature product, which can rely on the shape memory alloy to deform at a specific temperature to drive the switch valve to open. The specific structure will not be elaborated here.

[0013] Furthermore, a constant temperature phase change material layer is also provided on the support layer, and the phase change temperature of the constant temperature phase change material layer is in the range of 25 - 28 °C.

[0014] In this way, relying on this constant temperature phase change material layer can better insulate the interior of the room and keep the room constantly within a relatively suitable range of human comfort temperature.

[0015] Furthermore, an insulating layer made of an insulating material is also provided between the constant temperature phase change material layer and the upper water interlayer.

[0016] In this way, the influence of the relatively high temperature in the water interlayer on the constant temperature phase change material layer can be avoided.

[0017] Furthermore, the insulating material is a foam material. In this way, the cost is low, it is easy to implement, and the heat insulation effect is excellent.

[0018] Furthermore, a phase change heat storage material layer is also provided between the water interlayer and the surface layer, and the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage material layer is greater than the rated outlet water temperature of the temperature-controlled outlet water switch.

[0019] In this way, since the phase change temperature is higher than the outlet water temperature, when the solar illumination is weak, the phase change heat storage material will not compete for the heat of the water interlayer and affect the hot water preparation effect; when the solar illumination is strong, the phase change heat storage material can rely on the phase change process to absorb and store part of the heat that the water interlayer fails to absorb in time. In this way, the phase change material can continuously release heat at night to meet the water demand when the hot water consumption is large.

[0020] Furthermore, the inlet water switch is a temperature-controlled inlet water switch. The temperature-controlled inlet water switch includes a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate that are overlapped with each other and arranged in the inlet channel along the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the inlet channel, and the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Water passing holes are provided on both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate, and the overlapped part of the water passing holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. It also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, and the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to the temperature control.

[0021] In this way, the overlapped part of the water passing holes between the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. During the process of the roof being directly irradiated by the sun to heat the water interlayer, as the temperature rises, the temperature-controlled inlet water switch can gradually control the rotation of the movable valve plate, so that the area of the overlapped part of the water passing holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increases, the area of the water passing channel gradually increases, and the water inlet capacity gradually increases, and the water inlet speed gradually increases. This makes the water inlet speed match the heat absorption situation of the roof, so that when the roof is directly irradiated by the sun and the temperature rises rapidly and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water inlet for corresponding supplement. Since the design idea of the solution of this application is to quickly heat a water interlayer with a relatively wide area but a relatively thin thickness to the rated temperature and flow out for storage. Therefore, the temperature-controlled inlet water switch with the above unique structure and effect can make the water inlet capacity match the heating efficiency, and the water inlet capacity is stronger when the heating is faster, which better ensures the improvement of the overall hot water efficiency and avoids waste of heat.

[0022] Further, as an alternative, the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear fixedly connected coaxially with the movable valve plate, and further includes a lever pry bar. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate relatively fixed to the water inlet passage. One end of the lever pry bar is provided with a driving gear with a semi-tooth structure centered on the fulcrum. The driving gear meshes with the passive gear. The other end of the lever pry bar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the outer end of an arc-shaped tube made of an elastic material. The bending direction of the arc-shaped tube corresponds to the rotation direction of the lever pry bar. The outer end of the arc-shaped tube is closed, and the inner end of the arc-shaped tube is relatively fixed to the water inlet passage. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism further includes a closed passage arranged in a grid pattern in the phase change heat storage material layer. The part surrounded by the closed passage is the phase change heat storage material arrangement area. An elastic skin and a hollowed-out phase change heat storage material support skeleton are sequentially arranged outside the closed passage. The inside of the closed passage is filled with gas in a closed manner and is communicated with the inner end of the arc-shaped tube.

[0023] In this way, as the direct sunlight intensity gradually increases during the day, the roof heats up faster, and the rate of phase change of the phase change heat storage material from solid phase to liquid phase increases. After the phase change heat storage material absorbs heat and changes from solid phase to liquid phase, it will cause an increase in volume, enabling the elastic skin to gradually bulge towards the inner side of the closed channel, increasing the pressure of the gas in the closed channel and the pressure in the arc-shaped tube. Since the outer wall area of the arc-shaped tube is larger than the inner wall and it is made of elastic material, after the pressure in the arc-shaped tube increases, it will cause the whole to expand and straighten in the opposite direction of the bend, causing the outer end of the arc-shaped tube to move and drive the lever to rotate through the connecting plate, thereby driving the passive gear to rotate, and the movable valve plate rotates accordingly, making the overlapping area of the water passing holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increase, and the water inlet capacity and speed increase. In this way, it can better match the water inlet speed with the heat absorption situation of the roof, so that when the roof is exposed to direct sunlight and the temperature rises rapidly, and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water inlet for corresponding supplement. In this mechanism, an arc-shaped tube made of an elastic material is used to convert the expansion of the phase change material into a pull on the connecting plate, and then drive the valve plate to rotate to achieve the effect of regulating and controlling the water inlet volume. Compared with the conversion and transmission method of directly pushing the connecting part by the expansion of the phase change material to convert it into mechanical motion, this method has a better buffering effect, higher safety and stability. At the same time, the phase change material does not expand uniformly with the increase of the heat absorption amount when heated. Instead, the expansion is small when it is just heated, and the expansion efficiency will increase as the heating gradually increases. The arc-shaped tube made of elastic material also has a similar characteristic. When it is forced to open, the elastic deformation ability will increase correspondingly with the increase of temperature, so that the effect of driving the valve plate to rotate to achieve the on-off adjustment can better match the heat expansion effect of the phase change material. Moreover, during specific implementation, the elastic force and size of the arc-shaped tube can also be set and adjusted, so that the process of driving the valve plate to rotate to achieve the on-off adjustment can be effectively and matchedly controlled. For example, during implementation, the arc-shaped tube can be designed to be composed of materials with different elastic forces in multiple sections, so that only the high-elasticity section materials participate in the deformation effect when the pressure in the inner cavity of the arc-shaped tube increases slightly, and as the pressure in the inner cavity of the arc-shaped tube increases more, the number of sections participating in the deformation increases, and the effect of controlling the deformation can be strengthened. In this way, its deformation ability can better match the heat expansion situation of the phase change material, and the on-off adjustment effect can match the heat absorption situation of the water sandwich. It can better improve the adjustment and control ability of the switch.

[0024] Further, the arc-shaped tube is in a major arc shape structure and coaxially surrounds and is arranged outside the passive gear. This can better ensure the deformation and adjustment effect of the arc-shaped tube.

[0025] Further, the gas filled and sealed inside the closed channel is an inert gas.

[0026] In this way, the inert gas has low activity, can better avoid additional reactions when heated, and improves the stability of the device.

[0027] Furthermore, a black heat-absorbing coating is provided on the roof surface.

[0028] In this way, the solar light energy can be better absorbed.

[0029] As another alternative way of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear fixedly connected coaxially with the movable valve plate, and further includes a lever pry bar. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate (not shown in the figure) relatively fixed to the water inlet channel. One end of the lever pry bar is provided with a driving gear with a semi-tooth structure centered on the fulcrum. The driving gear meshes with the passive gear. The other end of the lever pry bar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, and the other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the actuating end of an actuating member. The actuating member is installed in the water interlayer. The actuating member has a fixed end relatively fixed on the inner wall of the water interlayer and an actuating end rotatably connected to the connecting plate. The actuating member has a plurality of connected V-shaped segments to form a long strip in a zigzag shape. Each V-shaped segment is made of a shape memory alloy with a different memory temperature. The memory temperature range of the shape memory alloy is from the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch to a range lower than 15 degrees.

[0030] In this way, when the water temperature in the water interlayer gradually rises during the use of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism of the present invention, it can gradually drive the shape memory alloy of each V-shaped segment to act and return to a straight shape, and then gradually push the connecting plate to drive the movable valve plate to rotate, so that the overlapping area of the water passing holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increases, and the water inlet capacity and speed increase, realizing the automatic adjustment of the water inlet. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism of this embodiment has the advantages of simpler structure, more convenient implementation and lower cost compared with the first structural method. The defect is that the second structure is greatly affected by the water inlet temperature and it is difficult to realize automatic adjustment and control more accurately according to the heat absorption condition of the roof. At the same time, this structure cannot realize stepless adjustment. The first structural method is adjusted according to the heat absorption condition of the phase change heat storage material layer and can be linked with the heat absorption condition of the phase change heat storage material of the entire roof, and can more accurately and reliably reflect the overall heat absorption condition of the roof, so the reliability of the switch adjustment will be higher.

[0031] In summary, the present invention can utilize solar energy to heat water more efficiently, can better control the hot water effect, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of solar energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram of the closed channel in the single-phase change heat storage material layer in

[0034] Figure 3 For Figure 1 the structural schematic diagram of the individual water inlet switch in

[0035] Figure 4 the structural schematic diagram of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 the structural schematic diagram of the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Specific Embodiments

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] Embodiment 1: A roof structure with a hot water function, as shown in Figures 1-3 including a support layer 1, a water interlayer 2, and a surface layer 3 that are integrally laid obliquely on the roof and stacked in sequence from bottom to top. A temperature-controlled water outlet switch 4 is provided at the lowermost end of the water interlayer 2, and the temperature-controlled water outlet switch 4 is used to connect to a hot water storage tank (not shown in the figure). An inlet switch 5 is provided at the uppermost end of the water interlayer 2, and the inlet switch 5 is used to connect to a water source (not shown in the figure).

[0039] In this way, the water interlayer in this solution can be set thinner. When in use during the day, the inlet switch is opened to fill the water interlayer with water. The sun shines directly on the surface layer to heat the water. When the water is heated to the rated temperature, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch automatically discharges water. The hot water flows into the hot water storage tank for heat preservation and storage, providing domestic hot water for the family. At the same time, water is automatically replenished at the inlet switch, making the above process continue until the end of the day. Therefore, this solution can utilize solar energy for hot water more efficiently, can achieve automatic control of the hot water effect, and can provide domestic hot water for users to the greatest extent. During implementation, the hot water storage tank can be installed indoors for convenient access to domestic water. At the same time, a heat preservation layer is provided outside the hot water storage tank for convenient heat preservation. During implementation, the overall roof structure is in a herringbone shape and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the roof. During implementation, the water source can be a water storage tank arranged above the roof structure, and the water storage tank is connected to the municipal pipe network water pipe to ensure better stability of the water source. Of course, the water source can also be directly connected to the municipal pipe network water pipe to obtain it.

[0040] Among them, the thickness of the water interlayer 2 is less than 1 cm. In this way, when the sun shines directly, the water in the water interlayer can be quickly heated to the rated temperature and flow out for storage, ensuring that hot water at the rated temperature can be obtained even with a short illumination time.

[0041] Among them, the temperature-controlled water outlet switch 4 is a shape memory alloy automatic temperature control switch.

[0042] In this way, it can be automatically controlled to open according to the temperature, allowing hot water that meets the temperature requirements to flow into the hot water storage tank for heat preservation storage. The memory alloy automatic temperature control switch is an existing mature product, which can rely on the deformation of the memory alloy at a specific temperature to drive the opening of the switch valve, and the specific structure will not be elaborated here.

[0043] Among them, a constant temperature phase change material layer 6 is also provided on the support layer 1, and the phase change temperature of the constant temperature phase change material layer 6 is in the range of 25 - 28 °C.

[0044] In this way, relying on this constant temperature phase change material layer can better insulate the room and keep the room constantly within a relatively suitable range of human comfort temperature.

[0045] Among them, an insulating layer 7 made of insulating material is also provided between the constant temperature phase change material layer 6 and the upper water interlayer 2.

[0046] In this way, the influence of the higher temperature in the water interlayer on the constant temperature phase change material layer can be avoided.

[0047] Among them, the insulating material is foam material. In this way, the cost is low, it is easy to implement and the heat insulation effect is excellent.

[0048] Among them, a phase change heat storage material layer 8 is also provided between the water interlayer and the surface layer, and the phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage material layer 8 is greater than the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature control water outlet switch.

[0049] In this way, because the phase change temperature is higher than the water outlet temperature, when the sunlight is weak, the phase change heat storage material will not compete for the heat of the water interlayer and affect the hot water preparation effect; when the sunlight is strong, the phase change heat storage material can rely on the phase change process to absorb and store part of the heat that the water interlayer fails to absorb in time. In this way, the phase change material can continuously release heat at night to meet the water use demand when the hot water consumption is large.

[0050] Among them, the water inlet switch 5 is a temperature control water inlet switch, and the temperature control water inlet switch includes a fixed valve plate 10 and a movable valve plate 11 that are overlapped and arranged in the water inlet channel 9 along the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate 10 is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel 9, the movable valve plate 11 is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate 10, water passing holes 12 are provided on both the fixed valve plate 10 and the movable valve plate 11, and the overlapping part of the water passing holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. It also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, and the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism can drive the rotation of the movable valve plate according to the temperature control. Figure 3 In the middle, the fixed valve plate 10 and the movable valve plate 11 are in a mutually misaligned state.

[0051] In this way, the overlapping part of the water passing holes between the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. During the process of the roof being heated by direct sunlight to heat the water sandwich, the temperature control water inlet switch can gradually control the rotation of the movable valve plate, so that as the temperature rises, the water passing channel area of the overlapping part of the water passing holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increases, the water inlet capacity gradually increases, and the water inlet speed gradually increases. This makes the water inlet speed match the heat absorption situation of the roof, so that when the roof is heated by direct sunlight and the temperature rises rapidly and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water inlet for corresponding supplement. Since the design idea of the solution of this application is to use a water sandwich with a relatively large area but a relatively thin thickness to quickly heat to the rated temperature and flow out for storage. Therefore, the temperature control water inlet switch with the above unique structure and effect can make the water inlet capacity match the heating efficiency, and the water inlet capacity is stronger when the heating is faster, which better ensures the improvement of the overall hot water efficiency and avoids waste of heat.

[0052] Among them, the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear 13 fixedly connected coaxially with the movable valve plate 11, and also includes a lever pry bar 14. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate (not shown in the figure) relatively fixed to the water inlet channel. One end of the lever pry bar 14 is provided with a driving gear 15 with a semi-tooth structure centered on the fulcrum. The driving gear 15 meshes with the passive gear 13. The other end of the lever pry bar 14 is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate 16. The other end of the connecting plate 16 is rotatably connected to the outer end of an arc-shaped tube 17 made of an elastic material. The bending direction of the arc-shaped tube 17 is set corresponding to the rotation direction of the lever pry bar. The outer end of the arc-shaped tube is closed, and the inner end of the arc-shaped tube is relatively fixed on the water inlet channel; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism also includes a closed channel 18 arranged in a grid pattern in the phase change heat storage material layer. The part surrounded by the closed channel 18 is the phase change heat storage material arrangement area. An elastic skin 19 and a hollowed-out phase change heat storage material support skeleton 20 are sequentially arranged outside the closed channel 18. The inside of the closed channel 18 is hermetically filled with gas and is communicated with the inner end of the arc-shaped tube 17.

[0053] In this way, as the direct sunlight intensity gradually increases during the day, the roof heats up faster, and the phase change heat storage material changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase at an increased rate. After the phase change heat storage material absorbs heat and changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase, its volume increases, causing the elastic skin to gradually bulge towards the inner side of the closed channel, increasing the pressure of the gas in the closed channel and the pressure in the arc-shaped tube. Since the outer wall area of the arc-shaped tube is larger than the inner wall area and it is made of an elastic material, when the pressure in the arc-shaped tube increases, the whole tube will expand and straighten in the opposite direction of the bend, causing the outer end of the arc-shaped tube to move and drive the lever and pry bar to rotate through the connecting plate, thereby driving the passive gear to rotate, and the movable valve plate rotates accordingly, increasing the overlapping area of the water passing holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate, and increasing the water inlet capacity and speed. In this way, the water inlet speed can be better matched with the heat absorption situation of the roof, so that when the roof is directly irradiated by the sun and the temperature rises rapidly, and the hot water heating efficiency is high, there can be sufficient water inlet for supplement. In this mechanism, an arc-shaped tube made of an elastic material is used to convert the expansion of the phase change material into a pull on the connecting plate, and then drive the valve plate to rotate to achieve the effect of regulating and controlling the water inlet volume. Compared with the direct push of the phase change material expansion on the connecting piece to convert it into a mechanical motion conversion and transmission method, this method has a better buffering effect, higher safety, stability and continuity. At the same time, the phase change material does not expand uniformly with the increase of the heat absorption amount. Instead, it expands less when it is just heated, and when the heat absorption gradually increases, the expansion efficiency will increase. The arc-shaped tube made of an elastic material also has a similar characteristic. When it is forced to open, with the increase of temperature, its elastic deformation ability will increase correspondingly, so that the effect of driving the valve plate to rotate to achieve the on-off adjustment can better match the heat expansion effect of the phase change material. Moreover, during specific implementation, the elastic force and size of the arc-shaped tube can be set and adjusted, so that the process of driving the valve plate to rotate to achieve the on-off adjustment can be effectively and matchedly controlled. For example, during implementation, the arc-shaped tube can be designed to be composed of multiple materials with different elastic forces, so that only the high-elasticity section material participates in the deformation effect when the pressure in the inner cavity of the arc-shaped tube increases slightly, and as the pressure in the inner cavity of the arc-shaped tube increases more, the number of sections participating in the deformation increases, and the effect of controlling the deformation can be strengthened. In this way, its deformation ability can better match the heat expansion situation of the phase change material, and the on-off adjustment effect can match the heat absorption situation of the water interlayer. The on-off adjustment control ability can be better improved.

[0054] The arc-shaped tube 17 has a major arc structure and is coaxially arranged outside the passive gear. This can better ensure the deformation and adjustment effect of the arc-shaped tube.

[0055] Among them, the gas filled in the closed channel 18 is an inert gas.

[0056] In this way, the inert gas has low activity, which can better avoid additional reactions when heated and improve the stability of the device.

[0057] Among them, a black heat-absorbing coating is provided on the roof surface (not shown in the figure).

[0058] In this way, the solar light energy can be better absorbed.

[0059] Embodiment 2: The structure of the remaining part of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism is different. For the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, see Figure 4 , which includes a passive gear 13' fixedly connected coaxially with the movable valve plate 11', and also includes a lever pry bar 14'. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate (not shown in the figure) relatively fixed to the water inlet channel 9'. One end of the lever pry bar 14' is provided with a driving gear 15' with a semi-tooth structure centered on the fulcrum. The driving gear 15' meshes with the passive gear 13'. The other end of the lever pry bar 14' is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate 16'. The other end of the connecting plate 16' is rotatably connected to the actuating end of an actuating member 17'. The actuating member 17' is installed in the water interlayer. The actuating member 17' has a fixed end relatively fixed on the inner wall of the water interlayer and an actuating end rotatably connected to the connecting plate 16'. The actuating member 17' has a plurality of connected V-shaped segments 18' to make it a long strip in a zigzag shape. Each V-shaped segment 18' is made of a shape memory alloy with a different memory temperature. The memory temperature range of the shape memory alloy is within the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch to less than 15 degrees.

[0060] In this way, when the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism is in use, when the water temperature in the water interlayer gradually rises, it can gradually drive the shape memory alloy of each V-shaped segment to act and return to a straight shape, and then gradually push the connecting plate to drive the movable valve plate to rotate, so that the overlapping area of the water passing holes 12' between the movable valve plate 11' and the fixed valve plate 10' gradually increases, and the water inlet capacity and speed increase, realizing the automatic adjustment of the water inlet. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism of this embodiment, compared with the first embodiment, has the advantages of simpler structure, easier implementation and lower cost. The defect is that the structure of the second embodiment is greatly affected by the water inlet temperature, and it is difficult to more accurately realize the automatic adjustment control according to the heat absorption condition of the roof. At the same time, this structure cannot realize stepless adjustment. The first embodiment is adjusted according to the heat absorption condition of the phase change heat storage material layer and can be linked with the heat absorption condition of the phase change heat storage material of the entire roof, and can more accurately and reliably reflect the overall heat absorption condition of the roof. Therefore, the reliability of the switch adjustment will be higher.

[0061] Embodiment 3: The structure of the remaining part of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the temperature-controlled water inlet switch adopted is different. For the temperature-controlled water inlet switch in this embodiment, see Figure 5, including a fixed valve plate 10″ and a movable valve plate 11″ which overlap each other and are arranged in the water inlet channel in the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate 10″ is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel 9″, and the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Water passing holes 12″ are provided on both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate, and the overlapping part of the water passing holes 12″ on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. It also includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism which can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to temperature control; the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear 13″ fixedly connected coaxially with the movable valve plate 11″, and also includes a lever pry bar 14″. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate (not shown in the figure) relatively fixed to the water inlet channel. One end of the lever pry bar 14″ is provided with a driving gear 15″ with a semi-tooth structure centered on the fulcrum. The driving gear 15″ meshes with the passive gear 13″. The other end of the lever pry bar 14″ is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate 16″, and a piston 17″ is provided at the other end of the connecting plate 16″. The piston is slidably installed in a piston cylinder 18″, and the inner cavity of the piston cylinder communicates with the inner cavity of the phase change heat storage material layer.

[0062] For the temperature-controlled water inlet switch with the above structure, the linkage between the movable valve plate and the phase change material can also be realized. As the direct sunlight intensity gradually increases during the day, the roof heats up faster, and the phase change rate of the phase change heat storage material from the solid phase to the liquid phase increases. After the phase change heat storage material absorbs heat and changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase, its volume increases, causing the piston in the piston cylinder to be pushed, driving the lever pry bar to rotate through the connecting plate, and then driving the passive gear to rotate. The movable valve plate follows the rotation, making the overlapping area of the water passing holes between the movable valve plate and the fixed valve plate gradually increase, and the water inlet capacity and speed increase. In this way, the water inlet speed can be better matched with the heat absorption situation of the roof, so that when the temperature of the roof rises rapidly under direct sunlight and the hot water heating efficiency is high, sufficient water inlet can be correspondingly supplemented. Although the above structure is simpler, the piston method is prone to problems such as jamming and leakage due to uneven heating of the foot part.

[0063] Embodiment 4: The structure of the remaining part of this embodiment is the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the temperature-controlled water inlet switch adopted is different. The temperature-controlled water inlet switch in this embodiment combines the structural characteristics of the temperature-controlled water inlet switches in Embodiments 1 and 3. That is, on the basis of Embodiment 3, the piston cylinder does not directly communicate with the inner cavity of the phase change heat storage material layer, but a structure of a closed channel as in Embodiment 1 is provided in the phase change heat storage material layer, and the piston cylinder is communicated with the closed channel. Therefore, it can be understood with reference to the corresponding drawings. The specific structure is as follows: The temperature-controlled water inlet switch includes a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate that are stacked and arranged in the water inlet channel in the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel, and the movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Water passing holes are provided on both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate, and the overlapping part of the water passing holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. It further includes a movable valve plate rotation control mechanism, and the movable valve plate rotation control mechanism can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to the temperature control; The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear fixedly connected coaxially with the movable valve plate, and further includes a lever pry bar. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate relatively fixed to the water inlet channel. One end of the lever pry bar is provided with a driving gear with a semi-tooth structure centered on the fulcrum. The driving gear meshes with the passive gear. The other end of the lever pry bar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate, and a piston is provided at the other end of the connecting plate. The piston is slidably installed in a piston cylinder; The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism further includes a closed channel arranged in a grid pattern in the phase change heat storage material layer. The part surrounded by the closed channel is the phase change heat storage material arrangement area. An elastic skin and a hollowed-out phase change heat storage material support skeleton are sequentially arranged outside the closed channel. The inside of the closed channel is hermetically filled with a gas and is communicated with the inner cavity of the piston cylinder.

[0064] This can avoid the influence of uneven local heating of the phase change material, but there is still a defect that the piston cylinder is prone to leakage. Further, the gas hermetically filled inside the closed channel is an inert gas. In this way, the inert gas has low activity and can better avoid causing additional reactions when heated, improving the stability of the device.

Claims

1. A roof structure with a hot water function, characterized in that It includes a support layer, a water interlayer and a surface layer that are integrally and obliquely laid on the roof and stacked from bottom to top in sequence. A temperature-controlled water outlet switch is provided at the lowermost end of the water interlayer. The temperature-controlled water outlet switch is used to be connected to a hot water storage tank. An inlet switch is provided at the uppermost end of the water interlayer. The inlet switch is used to be connected to a water source; A phase change heat storage material layer is further provided between the water interlayer and the surface layer. The phase change temperature of the phase change heat storage material in the phase change heat storage material layer is greater than the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch; The inlet switch is a temperature-controlled inlet switch. The temperature-controlled inlet switch includes a fixed valve plate and a movable valve plate that are overlapped and arranged in the water inlet channel in the cross-sectional direction. The fixed valve plate is fixedly arranged in the water inlet channel. The movable valve plate is rotatably installed relative to the fixed valve plate. Water passing holes are provided on both the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate. The overlapped part of the water passing holes on the fixed valve plate and the movable valve plate forms a water passing channel. A movable valve plate rotation control mechanism is further included. The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism can drive the movable valve plate to rotate according to the temperature control; The movable valve plate rotation control mechanism includes a passive gear coaxially and fixedly connected to the movable valve plate. It also includes a lever pry bar. The fulcrum of the lever pry bar is rotatably installed on a support plate relatively fixed to the water inlet channel. A driving gear with a semi-tooth structure is provided at one end of the lever pry bar with the fulcrum as the center of the circle. The driving gear meshes with the passive gear. The other end of the lever pry bar is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting plate. The other end of the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the execution end of an execution member. The execution member is installed in the water interlayer. The execution member has a fixed end relatively fixed on the inner wall of the water interlayer and an execution end rotatably connected to the connecting plate. The execution member has a plurality of connected V-shaped segments to make it a long strip in a zigzag shape. Each V-shaped segment is made of a shape memory alloy with a different memory temperature. The memory temperature range of the shape memory alloy is within the range from the rated water outlet temperature of the temperature-controlled water outlet switch to less than 15 degrees; 2. The roof structure with hot water function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the water interlayer is less than 1 cm.

3. The roof structure with hot water function according to claim 1, characterized in that, A constant temperature phase change material layer is further provided on the support layer. The phase change temperature of the constant temperature phase change material layer is in the range of 25-28 °C.

4. The roof structure with hot water function according to claim 3, characterized in that, An insulating layer made of an insulating material is further provided between the constant temperature phase change material layer and the upper water interlayer; the insulating material is a foam material.

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