A rotary drilling rig and its drilling method

Abstract

This application relates to a rotary drilling rig and its drilling method. The rotary drilling rig includes a tracked chassis, a mounting mechanism, a mast mechanism, and a drilling mechanism. The mounting mechanism is mounted on the tracked chassis. The mast mechanism includes a mast, a hydraulic assembly, and a lifting main reel. The mast is hinged to the mounting mechanism. The hydraulic assembly is mounted on the mounting mechanism to drive the mast to rotate. The mast includes a rod body, a drive assembly, and guide rails on both sides of the rod body. The guide rails are arranged along the axial direction of the rod body. The drive assembly can drive the guide rails to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the rod body. The drilling mechanism is mounted on the guide rails. The lifting main reel is mounted on the mounting mechanism to drive the drilling mechanism to move up and down along the guide rails. This application has the effect of improving the drilling accuracy of the rotary drilling rig.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rotary drilling rig technology, and in particular to a rotary drilling rig and its drilling method. Background Technology

[0002] A rotary drilling rig is a large-diameter, high-efficiency hole-forming device used in foundation construction. It utilizes a drill rod that remains vertical to directly rotate and excavate the ground, quickly forming pile holes of the required diameter and depth. During drilling, lifting, and lowering, a rotary drilling rig follower frame is typically installed on the drill rod to ensure the verticality of the pile hole. Rotary drilling rigs are foundation construction equipment with advantages such as strong applicability, high automation, high hole-forming efficiency, and low environmental pollution. A rotary drilling rig consists of a tracked chassis, a top section, a mast assembly, a drilling system, and a hydraulic system. The tracked chassis is used for movement, while the top section and other components are used for drilling operations.

[0003] In the existing technology, rotary drilling rigs are generally used for drilling on construction sites. Under normal circumstances, the operator needs to manually observe the pre-marked drilling position, then operate the rotary drilling rig to move a certain distance and rotate the movement angle, and then carry out the drilling operation after reaching the drilling position.

[0004] When drilling, the upper unit is moved by the tracked chassis. Due to the large size of the rotary drilling rig and the generally poor road conditions on construction sites, it is difficult for the operator to move the rig to the designated location after observing the area to be drilled, and to ensure that the drilling system accurately drills at the desired location. Therefore, it takes a considerable amount of time to control the drill bit of the rotary drilling rig to align with the required drilling position, and there may still be errors, making it impossible to drill accurately according to the pre-planned schedule. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the drilling accuracy of rotary drilling rigs, this application provides a rotary drilling rig and its drilling method.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a rotary drilling rig, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A rotary drilling rig includes a tracked chassis, a mounting mechanism, a mast mechanism, and a drilling mechanism. The mounting mechanism is mounted on the tracked chassis. The mast mechanism includes a mast, a hydraulic assembly, and a hoisting main reel. The mast is hinged to the mounting mechanism. The hydraulic assembly is mounted on the mounting mechanism to drive the mast to rotate. The mast includes a shaft, a drive assembly, and guide rails on both sides of the shaft. The guide rails are arranged along the axial direction of the shaft. The drive assembly can drive the guide rails to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the shaft. The drilling mechanism is mounted on the guide rails. The hoisting main reel is mounted on the mounting mechanism to drive the drilling mechanism to move up and down along the guide rails.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, when a rotary drilling rig is required for drilling operations, the rig is first moved to the designated construction position, and the mast is rotated using hydraulic components to keep it vertical. Then, the main reel is lifted to move the drilling mechanism to the vicinity of the drilling position. Finally, the guide rail is moved on the mast by the drive components, which in turn moves the drilling mechanism, thereby allowing for more precise adjustment of the drilling mechanism's position. This ensures that the drilling mechanism is perfectly aligned with the hole marking, effectively improving the accuracy of drilling and thus enhancing drilling precision.

[0009] Optionally, the driving assembly includes a sliding block and a driving member. The rod body has multiple sliding grooves distributed along the length direction of the rod body, and the length direction of the sliding grooves is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rod body. The sliding block is disposed in the sliding groove. The guide rail is fixedly connected to the sliding block. The driving member is used to drive the sliding block to move along the sliding groove.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, when precisely adjusting the drilling position of the drilling mechanism, the sliding block is first driven to move in the sliding groove by the driving component. The sliding block drives the guide rail to move, thereby achieving the effect of moving the guide rail. By setting multiple sliding grooves and corresponding sliding blocks, the movement of the guide rail is made more stable, and the stability of the drilling mechanism moving on the guide rail is effectively improved when the drilling mechanism is drilling.

[0011] Optionally, a connecting rod is provided between the guide rails on both sides of the rod body. A through groove is provided on the rod body, and the connecting rod passes through the through groove. The connecting rod can move within the through groove in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the connecting rod and the axis of the rod body.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, a connecting rod is set between the two guide rails to connect them into a whole, so that the two guide rails can move completely synchronously, thereby facilitating the adjustment of the guide rail position; avoiding the impact of asynchronous movement of the two guide rails on the adjustment of the guide rail, and thus avoiding the impact on the normal construction operation of the drilling mechanism.

[0013] Optionally, the lifting main coil includes a wire rope, guide wheels, a crossbar, and a winding device. The crossbar is slidably connected to the end of the rod body away from the upper vehicle mechanism, and the axis of the crossbar is perpendicular to the axis of the rod body. The guide rail is fixedly connected to the crossbar, and the movement of the guide rail can drive the crossbar to move synchronously. The guide wheels are located at both ends of the crossbar, and the wire rope is wound around the guide wheels. The winding device is used to wind up and unwind the wire rope.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, during drilling operations, the wire rope is wound up by a winding device to achieve the lifting effect of the drilling mechanism. By setting a crossbar that is slidably connected to the rod body and fixedly connected to the guide rail, the crossbar can move synchronously with the guide rail when the position of the guide rail is adjusted. This causes the guide wheel to move with the crossbar, ensuring that after the guide rail is adjusted, the wire rope remains parallel to the mast when the drilling mechanism is lifted by the wire rope, thus improving the stability of the lifting of the drilling mechanism.

[0015] Optionally, a locking assembly is provided between the connecting rod and the rod body. The locking assembly includes a screw, a tapered shaft, an elastic element, a rack, and a locking block. The screw is coaxially threaded into the connecting rod, and the tapered shaft is coaxially fixed to the screw. The rack is disposed on one side wall of the through groove in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting rod. The side wall of the connecting rod near the rack has a telescopic groove. The locking block is slidably connected in the telescopic groove. The movement of the tapered shaft can drive the locking block to move along the telescopic groove and engage with the rack. The elastic element is disposed in the connecting rod to drive the locking block to abut against the side wall of the tapered shaft.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, after the position of the guide rail is adjusted, in order to ensure the stability of the guide rail during operation, the screw is rotated to drive the tapered shaft to rotate. During the rotation and movement of the tapered shaft, the locking tooth block is driven to move within the telescopic groove, so that the locking tooth block engages with the rack, achieving the fixing effect between the connecting rod and the rod body, and thus achieving the fixing effect of the guide rail, making the fixing of the guide rail more convenient. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the guide rail, the screw is rotated in the opposite direction, so that the tapered shaft releases the restriction on the locking tooth block. Under the action of the elastic element, the locking tooth block returns to its original position, so that the locking tooth block disengages from the rack, and then the guide rail can be adjusted again.

[0017] Optionally, the elastic element includes a top plate and a spring. The top plate is disposed on the side wall of the locking tooth block. One end of the spring is connected to the top plate and the other end is connected to the groove wall of the telescopic groove. When the spring is in its natural state, the locking tooth block abuts against the side wall of the tapered shaft.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, when the guide rail needs to be adjusted, after the conical shaft moves to release the limit on the locking block, the spring will undergo elastic deformation during the process of the conical shaft driving the locking block to move when the guide rail is fixed. After the conical shaft releases the limit on the locking block, the deformation will recover, thereby driving the locking block to move in the telescopic groove to disengage from the rack, thus releasing the fixing effect of the guide rail.

[0019] Secondly, this application provides a drilling method, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0020] A drilling method includes the following steps:

[0021] S1: First, the rotary drilling rig is moved to the drilling site by the tracked chassis. The mast is adjusted to keep it vertical by the hydraulic components so that the drill bit of the drilling mechanism is near the hole location mark.

[0022] S2: The guide rail is moved by the drive component, and the guide rail drives the drilling mechanism to move, so that the drill bit of the drilling mechanism is completely aligned with the hole position marking point;

[0023] S3: Drilling is carried out by the drilling mechanism in conjunction with the hoisting main coil, and a protective casing is installed at the borehole opening. The drilling operation is carried out continuously by the drilling mechanism until the drilling depth reaches the design requirements, and the drilling operation is completed.

[0024] By adopting the above technical solution, when the rotary drilling rig moves to the vicinity of the drilling position during drilling operations, the position of the drilling mechanism is adjusted by driving the guide rail through the drive component, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the drilling mechanism and effectively improving drilling accuracy.

[0025] Optionally, after the casing in S3 is installed, mud is added into the hole so that the mud surface is at the hole opening; continuous drilling is carried out by the drilling mechanism, and mud is added to keep the mud surface at the hole opening until the drilling depth reaches the design requirements, and the drilling operation is completed.

[0026] By adopting the above technical solution, and continuously injecting mud into the hole during the drilling process, the mud not only softens the soil inside the hole, thus facilitating drilling, but also effectively cools the drill bit during the drilling process. Furthermore, the mud improves the density of the hole wall during drilling, thereby preventing the hole wall from collapsing and affecting drilling efficiency, thus effectively improving drilling efficiency.

[0027] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] 1. By setting up a mast including a mast body, a drive assembly, and guide rails on both sides of the mast body, the drive component drives the guide rails to move on the mast body. During the movement of the guide rails, the drilling mechanism is moved, thereby achieving more precise adjustment of the position of the drilling mechanism and improving the drilling accuracy.

[0029] 2. By setting a locking component, the conical shaft is driven to rotate and move by rotating the screw, which in turn drives the locking tooth block to move within the telescopic groove, so that the locking tooth block engages with the rack, thereby achieving the fixing effect between the connecting rod and the rod body, and thus achieving the fixing effect of the guide rail, ensuring the stability of the guide rail during operation.

[0030] 3. The drilling method uses a drive component to move the guide rail to adjust the position of the drilling mechanism, thereby achieving precise adjustment of the drilling mechanism and effectively improving drilling accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a rotary drilling rig according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a perspective sectional view of the mast and drilling mechanism in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the middle.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a perspective sectional view of the mast and locking assembly in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Tracked chassis; 2. Upper vehicle mechanism; 3. Mast mechanism; 31. Mast; 311. Pole body; 312. Guide rail; 313. Sliding block; 314. Drive component; 315. Sliding groove; 316. Through groove; 32. Hydraulic assembly; 33. Lifting main coil; 331. Wire rope; 332. Guide wheel; 333. Crossbar; 334. Rewinding component; 34. Connecting rod; 341. Telescopic groove; 35. Locking assembly; 351. Screw; 352. Tapered shaft; 353. Elastic component; 3531. Top plate; 3532. Spring; 354. Rack; 355. Gear block; 4. Drilling mechanism; 41. Drill rod; 42. Power head; 43. Bracket sleeve; 44. Drill bit. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-4 This application will be described in further detail.

[0037] This application discloses a rotary drilling rig. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The rotary drilling rig includes a tracked chassis 1, a top mechanism 2, a mast mechanism 3, and a drilling mechanism 4. The top mechanism 2 is mounted on the tracked chassis 1. The tracked chassis 1 moves the top mechanism 2, and the top mechanism 2 can rotate on the tracked chassis 1. The rotation of the top mechanism 2 can adjust the drilling position of the rotary drilling rig. The mast mechanism 3 includes a mast 31, a hydraulic assembly 32, and a lifting main winch 33. The mast 31 is hinged to the top mechanism 2. The hydraulic assembly 32 is mounted on the top mechanism 2 to drive the mast 31 to rotate. The hydraulic assembly 32 includes two sets of hydraulic cylinders connected to the mast 31. The rotation of the mast 31 by the two sets of hydraulic cylinders can adjust the verticality of the mast 31. By rotating the mast 31, it is easy to fold the mast 31 after construction, thus facilitating the movement and transportation of the rotary drilling rig.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The mast 31 includes a mast body 311, a drive assembly, and guide rails 312 slidably connected to both sides of the mast body 311. The guide rails 312 are arranged along the axial direction of the mast body 311. The drive assembly can drive the guide rails 312 to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the mast body 311. The drive assembly includes a sliding block 313 and a drive component 314, specifically a hydraulic cylinder. The mast body 311 has multiple sliding grooves 315. The number of sliding grooves 315 can be two, three, or four, as long as they can achieve stable movement of the guide rails 312. The multiple sliding grooves 315 are arranged along... The rod 311 is distributed along its length, and the length direction of the sliding groove 315 is perpendicular to the axis of the rod 311. The sliding block 313 is slidably connected in the sliding groove 315. The guide rail 312 is integrally fixedly connected to the sliding block 313. The driving component 314 is installed in the sliding groove 315. The extension and retraction of the driving component 314 can drive the sliding block 313 to move along the sliding groove 315, thereby driving the guide rails 312 on both sides of the rod 311 to move. This facilitates the adjustment of the position of the guide rails 312 on both sides, making it more convenient and stable to adjust the guide rails 312 away from or closer to the upper mechanism 2.

[0039] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3A connecting rod 34 is connected between the guide rails 312 on both sides of the rod body 311. The guide rails 312 on both sides are integrally fixedly connected with the connecting rod 34. A through groove 316 is opened on the rod body 311. The connecting rod 34 is set through the through groove 316 and can move in the through groove 316 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting rod 34 and the axial direction of the rod body 311. By setting the connecting rod 34 between the guide rails 312 on both sides, the guide rails 312 on both sides are connected into a whole by the connecting rod 34, so that the guide rails 312 on both sides can move synchronously, and the adjustment of the guide rails 312 is more stable.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 To improve the stability of the rotary drilling rig during operation, a locking assembly 35 is installed between the connecting rod 34 and the rod body 311. The locking assembly 35 includes a screw 351, a tapered shaft 352, an elastic element 353, a rack 354, and a locking block 355. The screw 351 is coaxially threaded into the connecting rod 34, and a handwheel is coaxially mounted on one end of the screw 351. The tapered shaft 352 is coaxially fixed to the screw 351. A cavity is formed inside the connecting rod 34, and the tapered shaft 352 is located in the cavity. Rotating the screw 351 can drive the tapered shaft 352 to move within the cavity. The rack 354 is integrally set in a through groove 316 in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting rod 34. On one side of the groove wall, the connecting rod 34 near the rack 354 has a telescopic groove 341. The locking block 355 is slidably connected in the telescopic groove 341. The movement of the tapered shaft 352 can drive the locking block 355 to move along the telescopic groove 341, and can make the locking block 355 engage with the rack 354. After the position of the guide rail 312 is adjusted, the tapered shaft 352 is driven to move in the cavity by rotating the screw 351. During the movement of the tapered shaft 352, the locking block 355 can be driven to move closer to the rack 354, so that the locking block 355 and the rack 354 are engaged to fix the connecting rod 34, thereby achieving the effect of fixing the guide rail 312.

[0041] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3The elastic element 353 is installed inside the connecting rod 34 to drive the toothed block 355 to abut against the side wall of the tapered shaft 352. The elastic element 353 includes a top plate 3531 and a spring 3532. The top plate 3531 is integrally fixed to the side wall of the toothed block 355. One end of the spring 3532 is connected to the top plate 3531, and the other end is connected to the groove wall of the telescopic groove 341. When the spring 3532 is in its natural state, the toothed block 355 abuts against the side wall of the tapered shaft 352. During construction, when it is necessary to adjust the position of the guide rail 312, the screw 351 is rotated in the opposite direction to release the tapered shaft 352 from the toothed block 355. Under the action of the spring 3532, the toothed block 355 is restored, making it easy for the toothed block 355 to disengage from the rack 354, and then the guide rail 312 can be adjusted.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main lifting coil 33 is mounted on the upper carriage mechanism 2 to drive the drilling mechanism 4 to move up and down along the guide rail 312. The main lifting coil 33 includes a wire rope 331, guide wheels 332, a crossbar 333, and a winding component 334. The crossbar 333 is slidably connected to the end of the rod body 311 away from the upper carriage mechanism 2, and the axis of the crossbar 333 is perpendicular to the axis of the rod body 311. The guide rail 312 and the crossbar 333 are integrally fixedly connected. The movement of the guide rail 312 can drive the crossbar 333 to move synchronously. The guide wheels 332 are installed at both ends of the crossbar 333. The wire rope 331 is wound around the guide wheel 332. When the position of the guide rail 312 is adjusted, the crossbar 333 moves accordingly, so that the wire rope 331 connected to the drilling mechanism 4 by the guide wheel 332 can always remain parallel to the mast 31, further improving the stability of the lifting and lowering of the drilling mechanism 4. The winding component 334 is used to wind up and unwind the wire rope 331. The winding component 334 is specifically a wire rope 331 winch. When drilling is required, the winding component 334 uses the wire rope 331 to lift and lower the drilling mechanism 4 for construction operations.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2The drilling mechanism 4 includes a drill rod 41, a bracket sleeve 43, a power head 42, and a drill bit 44. The bracket sleeve 43 is fixedly installed on one end of the drill rod 41, and the end of the bracket sleeve 43 away from the drill rod 41 is slidably connected to the guide rail 312. The power head 42 is slidably connected to the guide rail 312. The end of the drill rod 41 away from the bracket sleeve 43 passes through the power head 42. The drill rod 41 is mounted on the guide rail 312 via the bracket sleeve 43 and the power head 42. By adjusting the position of the guide rail 312 on the rod body 311, the drill rod 41 is moved closer to the guide rail 312. The drill rod 41 can move away from the rod body 311, thereby achieving precise movement of the drill bit 44. During drilling operations, the drill rod 41 is raised and lowered along the guide rail 312 under the action of the bracket sleeve 43 and the power head 42. The power head 42 is used to drive the drill rod 41 to rotate, and the drill bit 44 is installed at the end of the drill rod 41 away from the bracket sleeve 43. When drilling operations are required, the drill rod 41 is raised and lowered by the lifting main roll 33, and the drill rod 41 is driven to rotate by the power head 42, thereby driving the drill bit 44 to rotate for drilling operations.

[0044] The implementation principle of a rotary drilling rig according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: When drilling is required, the crawler chassis 1 drives the upper mechanism 2 to move to the vicinity of the drilling position. Then, the hydraulic component 32 drives the mast 31 to rotate, keeping the mast 31 in a vertical state. Then, the hoisting main reel 33 drives the drill rod 41 to rise and fall to the vicinity of the drilling position. Then, according to the error between the drill bit 44 and the hole position calibration, the position of the guide rail 312 is adjusted. First, by rotating the screw 351, the locking block 355... The drill rod 41 and drill bit 44 are disengaged from the rack 354 and then driven by the drive assembly to move the guide rail 312. The guide rail 312 drives the drill rod 41 and drill bit 44 to move through the bracket sleeve 43 and the power head 42, so that the drill bit 44 is completely aligned with the hole position marking position. Then, the rotating screw 351 makes the tooth block 355 engage with the rack 354 to achieve the effect of fixing the guide rail 312. Then, under the drive of the lifting main roll 33 and the power head 42, the drill bit 44 performs the drilling operation, thereby effectively improving the drilling accuracy.

[0045] This application also discloses a drilling method, referring to... Figure 1 Using one of the rotary drilling rigs described above, the following steps are included:

[0046] S1: First, the rotary drilling rig is driven to the construction hole position by the tracked chassis 1. The mast 31 is adjusted to keep it vertical by the hydraulic component 32 so that the drill bit 44 of the drilling mechanism 4 is near the hole position mark.

[0047] S2: The guide rail 312 is driven to move on the rod 311 by the drive component. The guide rail 312 drives the drill rod 41 and the drill bit 44 to move, so that the drill bit 44 is completely aligned with the hole position marking.

[0048] S3: Drilling is carried out by the drilling mechanism 4 in conjunction with the hoisting main coil 33, and a casing is installed at the hole opening. After installation, mud is added into the hole so that the mud surface is located at the hole opening. Drilling is carried out continuously by the drilling mechanism 4, and mud is added to keep the mud surface at the hole opening until the drilling depth reaches the design requirements, and the drilling operation is completed.

[0049] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A rotary drilling rig, comprising a tracked chassis (1), a mounting mechanism (2), a mast mechanism (3), and a drilling mechanism (4), wherein the mounting mechanism (2) is mounted on the tracked chassis (1), the mast mechanism (3) comprises a mast (31), a hydraulic assembly (32), and a lifting main coil (33), the mast (31) being hinged to the mounting mechanism (2), and the hydraulic assembly (32) being mounted on the mounting mechanism (2) for driving the mast (31) to rotate, characterized in that: The mast (31) includes a mast body (311), a drive assembly, and guide rails (312) on both sides of the mast body (311). The guide rails (312) are arranged along the axial direction of the mast body (311). The drive assembly can drive the guide rails (312) to move in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the mast body (311). The drilling mechanism (4) is arranged on the guide rails (312). The hoisting main coil (33) is arranged on the upper carriage mechanism (2) to drive the drilling mechanism (4) to move up and down along the guide rails (312). The driving assembly includes a sliding block (313) and a driving member (314). The rod (311) has multiple sliding grooves (315) distributed along the length direction of the rod (311), and the length direction of the sliding grooves (315) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rod (311). The sliding block (313) is disposed in the sliding groove (315). The guide rail (312) is fixedly connected to the sliding block (313). The driving member (314) is used to drive the sliding block (313) to move along the sliding groove (315). A connecting rod (34) is provided between the guide rails (312) on both sides of the rod body (311). A through groove (316) is provided on the rod body (311). The connecting rod (34) passes through the through groove (316) and can move in the through groove (316) in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting rod (34) and the axial direction of the rod body (311). A locking assembly (35) is provided between the connecting rod (34) and the rod body (311). The locking assembly (35) includes a screw (351), a tapered shaft (352), an elastic element (353), a rack (354), and a locking block (355). The screw (351) is coaxially threaded into the connecting rod (34), and the tapered shaft (352) is coaxially fixed to the screw (351). The rack (354) is disposed in the through groove (311) in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the connecting rod (34). On one side of the groove wall inside 16), the connecting rod (34) is provided with a telescopic groove (341) on the side wall near the rack (354). The toothed block (355) is slidably connected in the telescopic groove (341). The movement of the tapered shaft (352) can drive the toothed block (355) to move along the telescopic groove (341) and engage with the rack (354). The elastic element (353) is provided in the connecting rod (34) to drive the toothed block (355) to abut against the side wall of the tapered shaft (352).

2. The rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting main coil (33) includes a wire rope (331), a guide wheel (332), a crossbar (333), and a winding member (334). The crossbar (333) is slidably connected to the end of the rod body (311) away from the upper mechanism (2), and the axial direction of the crossbar (333) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the rod body (311). The guide rail (312) is fixedly connected to the crossbar (333). The movement of the guide rail (312) can drive the crossbar (333) to move synchronously. The guide wheel (332) is located at both ends of the crossbar (333). The wire rope (331) is wound around the guide wheel (332). The winding member (334) is used to wind up and unwind the wire rope (331).

3. A rotary drilling rig according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element (353) includes a top plate (3531) and a spring (3532). The top plate (3531) is located on the side wall of the toothed block (355). One end of the spring (3532) is connected to the top plate (3531), and the other end is connected to the groove wall of the telescopic groove (341). When the spring (3532) is in its natural state, the toothed block (355) abuts against the side wall of the tapered shaft (352).

4. A drilling method, characterized in that: The rotary drilling rig described in any one of claims 1-3 comprises the following steps: S1: First, the rotary drilling rig is driven to the construction hole position by the crawler chassis (1). The mast (31) is adjusted to keep it vertical by the hydraulic components (32) so that the drill bit (44) of the drilling mechanism (4) is located near the hole position mark. S2: The guide rail (312) is driven to move by the drive component, and the guide rail (312) drives the drilling mechanism (4) to move, so that the drill bit (44) of the drilling mechanism (4) is completely aligned with the hole position marking point; S3: Drilling is carried out by the drilling mechanism (4) in conjunction with the hoisting main roll (33), and a protective casing is installed at the hole opening. The drilling operation is carried out continuously by the drilling mechanism (4) until the drilling depth reaches the design requirements.

5. A drilling method according to claim 4, characterized in that: After the casing in S3 is installed, mud is added into the hole so that the mud surface is at the hole opening. The drilling operation is carried out continuously by the drilling mechanism (4), and mud is added so that the mud surface is always kept at the hole opening until the drilling depth reaches the design requirements.

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