Upward layered filling mining method for medium-thick ore bodies with unstable thickness

Abstract

The present invention discloses an upward layered filling mining method for medium-thick ore bodies with unstable thickness, which determines the safe span of ore rock recovery based on rock mechanics; takes the safe span of ore rock recovery as the mining route width threshold, divides the ore blocks into regions along the ore body direction in the layers, and obtains multi-route mining areas and single-route mining areas; adopts a tunneling-type ore-dropping method for blasting recovery in the multi-route mining area, and adopts a top-pressure ore-dropping method for blasting recovery in the single-route mining area, giving full play to the advantages of the top-pressure ore-dropping method and improving the overall mining efficiency of the ore rock; at the same time, utilizes the height difference of the empty top between the single-route mining area and the multi-route mining area, and fills both areas at the same time to make the filling and top connection of the multi-route mining area better, thereby providing better support for the mining area of ​​the two-step route, and greatly improving the safety during the two-step route mining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mining and filling, in particular to an upward layered filling mining method for a medium-thick ore body with unstable thickness. Background Art

[0002] The upward layered filling mining method is one of the commonly used mining methods in underground mining of metal and non-metal mines. It is suitable for ore bodies with medium or higher stability. It is carried out in horizontal layers from bottom to top, with blasting and mining layer by layer, and filling the goaf layer by layer. According to the different ways of ore dropping in the layered working face, it can be divided into top-pressing mining and tunneling mining. The former reserves blasting compensation space for upper layer top-pressing mining during filling. It can be arranged with a single approach along the direction of the ore body, and the full thickness of the ore body can be mined in one step. There is no adjacent two-step approach. The top can be left unconnected during filling, and blasting compensation space is reserved. Tunneling mining is suitable for conditions where the ore body is thick, the ore rock does not allow full thickness exposure, multiple approaches are arranged along the direction of the ore body, and two-step mining is required. After the approach is mined, filling and top connection are required. This method has only one free face during blasting, and requires trenching and tunneling. The blasting efficiency is low, and the footage of one blast is short.

[0003] The patent application with application number CN202110045450.2 adopts a technical solution to provide a mechanical mining method for a medium-thick ore body with a tunnel boring machine, which includes: A. The ore body is divided into stages or segments, and multiple layers are divided within the stages or segments. The ore body within the layers is divided into multiple panel stopes along the strike of the ore body; B. Each panel stope is provided with layered connecting roads and mining approaches that are oblique to the strike of the ore body, and the mining approaches are arranged along the strike and perpendicular to the corner ore mining approaches by the mining approaches; C. The intra-vein and extra-vein projects are arranged according to the different turning space requirements when the tunnel boring machine is moving; the intra-vein project is formed by cutting and expanding with a cantilever tunnel boring machine; the connecting roads and turning chambers in the extra-vein project are pre-formed by rock drilling and blasting; D. Mechanical mining is carried out using a remote-controlled cantilever tunnel boring machine.

[0004] It can be seen that in order to control the span of the mining area and ensure absolute safety of mining, the existing technology does not consider the changes in the thickness of the ore body when mining the medium-thick ore body using the upward layered filling method, and only adopts the tunneling method for mining, resulting in low mining efficiency, great difficulty in filling and connecting the top, and inability to ensure sufficient connection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides an upward layered filling mining method for medium-thick ore bodies with unstable thickness, which can alleviate the problems of low mining efficiency, great difficulty in filling and top connection, and inability to ensure sufficient top connection caused by the use of tunneling blasting in the existing medium-thick ore bodies with unstable thickness.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide an upward layered filling mining method for a medium-thick ore body with unstable thickness, which comprises the following steps:

[0007] Determine the safe span of rock mining based on rock mechanics;

[0008] Taking the safe span of rock mining as the mining route width threshold, the ore block is divided into regions along the ore body strike, and multi-route mining areas and single-route mining areas are obtained.

[0009] For multi-entry mining areas, the tunneling type ore-dropping method is used for blasting mining, and for single-entry mining areas, the top pressure type ore-dropping method is used for blasting mining.

[0010] Preferably, the safe span for rock mining is used as the threshold for the width of the mining route, and along the strike direction of the ore body, the ore blocks whose thickness exceeds the safe span for rock mining are divided into multiple routes to obtain a multi-route mining area; the ore blocks whose thickness does not exceed the safe span for rock mining are divided into single routes to obtain a single-route mining area.

[0011] Preferably, along the strike direction of the ore body, the ore blocks whose thickness exceeds the safe span of ore rock mining are evenly divided in the thickness direction to obtain a multi-entry mining area.

[0012] Preferably, after blasting and mining the multi-entry mining area using a tunneling-type ore-dropping method, the multi-entry mining area is backfilled and topped.

[0013] Preferably, after blasting and mining the single-access mining area using a top-pressure ore-dropping method, the single-access mining area is filled without connecting the top, and blasting compensation space for the upper layer ore-dropping is reserved.

[0014] Preferably, the empty roof height after blasting and mining in the single-entry mining area is higher than the empty roof height after blasting and mining in the multi-entry mining area.

[0015] Preferably, when filling the multi-access mining area, if there is a single-access mining area adjacent to the multi-access mining area, the filling pipe outlet of the multi-access mining area is suspended on the roof of the single-access mining area.

[0016] Preferably, the single-access mining area and the multi-access mining area are filled simultaneously.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] The present invention uses the safe span of ore rock mining as the mining route width threshold, divides the ore block into multi-route mining area and single-route mining area along the direction of the ore body, and adopts the tunneling type ore dropping method and the top pressure type ore dropping method to carry out blasting mining in the multi-route mining area and the single-route mining area respectively, giving full play to the advantages of the top pressure type ore dropping method and improving the overall mining efficiency of the ore rock.

[0019] After blasting and mining, the present invention simultaneously fills the mining areas on the same side of the same layer, realizes the combined mining and filling of the multi-entry mining area and the single-entry mining area, and greatly improves the filling efficiency. At the same time, by filling and connecting the top of the multi-entry mining area after blasting and mining, and filling and not connecting the top of the single-entry mining area after blasting and mining, not only blasting compensation space is reserved for the upper layer ore falling, but also a height difference of the empty top between the single-entry mining area and the multi-entry mining area is formed.

[0020] The present invention sets the empty roof height after blasting in the single-entry mining area to be higher than the empty roof height after blasting in the multi-entry mining area, and utilizes the height difference of the empty roof to hang the filling pipe outlet of the multi-entry mining area on the roof of the single-entry mining area, so that the filling and top connection of the multi-entry mining area is higher and the top connection is more substantial, and the support for the two-step approach mining area is better, thereby greatly improving the safety during two-step approach mining. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of mining an ore body using the upward layered filling mining method for a medium-thick ore body with unstable thickness according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 B1-B1 section view in.

[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 B2-B2 cross-section diagram in.

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 CC cross-section diagram in .

[0025] The markings of the components in the accompanying drawings are as follows:

[0026] 1. Staged level tunnel; 2. Sectioned level tunnel; 3. Chute; 4. Chute connecting tunnel; 5. Layered connecting tunnel; 6. Pedestrian ventilation filling shaft; 7. Filling level tunnel; 8. Return air shaft; 9. Return air tunnel; 10. Ore body; 11. Filling body; 12. Blasting compensation space; 13. Top pressure blast hole; 14. Excavation blast hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more precise definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Figures 1 to 4 The ore body to be mined is mined by adopting the upward layered filling mining method for unstable medium-thick ore bodies of the present invention. The specific steps are as follows:

[0029] S1. Arrange the ore blocks along the strike of the ore body;

[0030] The length of the ore block is 80 to 120 meters, the width of the ore block is the thickness of the ore body, the stage height is 40 to 70 meters, and the sub-section height is 15 to 20 meters. The sub-sections are divided into layers with a layer height of 3.3 meters, and the mining is carried out in layers from bottom to top.

[0031] S2. Arrange the mining and cutting project;

[0032] The mining and cutting project includes a stage level tunnel 1, a segmented level tunnel 2, a chute 3, a chute connecting tunnel 4, a layered connecting tunnel 5, a pedestrian ventilation filling shaft 6, a filling level tunnel 7, a return air shaft 8 and a return air tunnel 9. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the layered connecting tunnels are arranged in the thickest part of the ore body 10.

[0033] S3. Based on rock mechanics, the safe span for rock mining is determined to be 5m. Based on this, the ore blocks are divided along the strike direction of the ore body in each layer to obtain multi-entry mining areas and single-entry mining areas;

[0034] like Figure 4 As shown, the maximum thickness of the middle of the ore block is 8m, and the maximum thickness of both sides of the ore block is 4m. Therefore, the middle of the ore block is divided into multiple approaches, and both sides of the ore block are divided into single approaches, and the No. ① approach mining area, No. ② approach mining area, No. ③ approach mining area, No. ④ approach mining area, No. ⑤ approach mining area, and No. ⑥ approach mining area are obtained respectively. Among them, the No. ① approach mining area and the No. ② approach mining area are one-step approach mining areas, and the No. ③ approach mining area and the No. ④ approach mining area are two-step approach mining areas; the No. ⑤ approach mining area and the No. ⑥ approach mining area are one-step single approach mining areas; the mining order is to mine the one-step approach first, and then mine the two-step approach after filling.

[0035] S4. For a one-step approach mining area, gradually blasting and mining the mining areas of the same layer from the center to both sides, and simultaneously filling the mining areas of the same layer;

[0036] That is, first, the mining area of ​​No. ① and No. ② of the mining area at the foot of the ore body is mined, and the mining method is slot excavation, and blastholes 14 are arranged, such as Figure 2 As shown, the ore drop height is 3.3m for the layer height; then the mining area of ​​No. 5 and No. 6 access roads are mined, the ore drop method is top pressure type, top pressure blastholes 13 are arranged, and the blasting compensation space 12 reserved when filling the lower layer is used for caving. The blasting compensation space height is 1.5m. Figure 3 As shown, the ore drop height is also 3.3m and the empty top height is 4.8m.

[0037] After mining was completed in the mining areas of access routes ①, ②, ⑤, and ⑥, access routes ① and ⑤ were simultaneously backfilled. Access route 1 required backfilling to the roof, with a height of 3.3m. Access route ⑤ did not require backfilling to the roof, with a height of 3.3m, leaving 1.5m of space for blasting compensation for upper strata ore fall. During backfilling, the discharge port of the backfill pipe was suspended from the roof of access route ⑤, which was relatively higher. This height difference was used to ensure that backfilling in access route 1 was connected to the roof, thereby providing better support for access routes ③ and ④. The backfilling method for access routes ② and ⑥ was the same as that for access routes ① and ⑤.

[0038] S5. Blast mining and backfill the second-step approach mining area.

[0039] After the backfill of the lower wall of the block is maintained, the mining areas of No. 3 and No. 4 access roads are mined. The ore dropping method is slot excavation with a drop height of 3.3m. After the mining is completed, the top must be filled.

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention describes an upward layered filling mining method for medium-thick ore bodies with unstable thickness. It divides the ore blocks into multi-entry mining areas and single-entry mining areas, and adopts a tunneling-type ore dropping method and a top-pressure ore dropping method to carry out blasting mining in the multi-entry mining area and the single-entry mining area respectively, giving full play to the advantages of the top-pressure ore dropping method and improving the overall mining efficiency of the ore rock; at the same time, by setting the empty top height after blasting mining in the single-entry mining area to be higher than the empty top height after blasting mining in the multi-entry mining area, the height difference of the empty top is utilized to hang the filling pipe discharge port of the multi-entry mining area on the roof of the single-entry mining area, so that the filling and top connection of the multi-entry mining area is higher, the top connection is more substantial, and the support for the mining area of ​​the two-step approach is better, which greatly improves the safety during the two-step approach mining.

[0041] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention's description and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for upward layered filling mining of medium-thick ore bodies with unstable thickness, characterized by: The steps include: Determine the safe span of rock mining based on rock mechanics; Taking the safe span of rock mining as the mining route width threshold, the ore block is divided into regions along the ore body strike, and multi-route mining areas and single-route mining areas are obtained. The multi-entry mining area is mined by blasting using a tunneling ore-dropping method, and the single-entry mining area is mined by blasting using a top-pressure ore-dropping method; wherein, after the multi-entry mining area is mined by blasting using a tunneling ore-dropping method, the multi-entry mining area is filled and top-connected; after the single-entry mining area is mined by blasting using a top-pressure ore-dropping method, the single-entry mining area is filled without top-connecting, and blasting compensation space for the upper layer of ore-dropping is reserved; the empty roof height of the single-entry mining area after blasting is higher than the empty roof height after blasting in the multi-entry mining area.

2. The upward layered filling mining method for unstable medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Taking the safe span of rock mining as the threshold of the mining route width, along the strike direction of the ore body, the ore blocks with thickness exceeding the safe span of rock mining are divided into multiple routes to obtain the multi-route mining area; The ore blocks whose thickness does not exceed the safe span of ore rock mining are divided into single-entry areas to obtain single-entry mining areas.

3. The upward layered filling mining method for unstable medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Along the strike direction of the ore body, the ore blocks whose thickness exceeds the safe span of ore rock mining are evenly divided in the thickness direction to obtain the multi-entry mining area.

4. The upward layered filling mining method for unstable medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: When filling a multi-entry mining area, if there is a single-entry mining area adjacent to the multi-entry mining area, the filling pipe outlet of the multi-entry mining area is hung on the roof of the single-entry mining area.

5. The upward layered filling mining method for unstable medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The single-entry mining area and the multi-entry mining area are filled simultaneously.

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