Open TBM

Abstract

This application provides an open-type TBM, comprising a main beam, a cutterhead, a drive system, a propulsion system, and a support system. The main beam has a front end and a rear end, with the rear end facing the front end in the tunneling direction of the open-type TBM. The drive system is connected between the front end of the main beam and the cutterhead, and is configured to drive the cutterhead to rotate. The propulsion system includes a support shoe, a main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat, and multiple main thrust hydraulic cylinders. The support shoe is movably connected to the main beam, and the main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat is located on the main beam and behind the support shoe. One end of each main thrust hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat, and the other end is connected to the support shoe. The support system is located on the upper side of the main beam and in front of the support shoe. The open-type TBM provided in this application provides sufficient space for movement near the front support system to facilitate support operations and improve support efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more particularly to an open-type TBM. Background Technology

[0002] A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is a factory-produced, assembly-line tunnel construction equipment that integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, optical, and pneumatic systems. It boasts advantages such as high excavation speed, environmental friendliness, and high overall efficiency. Open-face TBMs do not require the laying of tunnel segments; instead, they integrate excavation, support, and muck removal, enabling the tunnel to be formed in a single operation.

[0003] In related technologies, open-face TBMs include cutterheads, main beams, drive systems, propulsion systems, and support systems. The cutterhead is mounted at the end of the main beam, and the drive system is located near the cutterhead to drive the blades to rotate. The rotation of the cutterhead can break up the rock and soil for excavation. The propulsion system is used to push the cutterhead forward during excavation to improve tunneling efficiency. The support system is used to install supports in the excavated tunnel sections to prevent collapse.

[0004] However, the aforementioned open-type TBM, with its propulsion system located on both sides of the support system, occupies the working space of construction personnel and hinders the support work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides an open-type TBM to address the problem of open-type TBMs, whose propulsion systems are located on both sides of the support system, thus occupying the working space of construction personnel and hindering support work.

[0006] This application provides an open-type TBM, which includes a main beam, a cutterhead, a drive system, a propulsion system, and a support system;

[0007] The two ends of the main beam are the front end and the rear end, respectively, and the direction from the rear end to the front end is the tunneling direction of the open-type TBM;

[0008] The drive system is connected between the front end of the main beam and the cutter head, and the drive system is configured to drive the cutter head to rotate.

[0009] The propulsion system includes a support shoe, a main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat, and multiple main thrust hydraulic cylinders. The support shoe is movably connected to the main beam. The main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat is located on the main beam and behind the support shoe. One end of the main thrust hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat, and the other end of the main thrust hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support shoe.

[0010] The support system is located on the upper side of the main beam and in front of the support shoe.

[0011] The open-type TBM provided in this application, by placing the propulsion system at the rear, leaves sufficient space for workers to move and perform support operations near the support system, improving support efficiency and reducing collisions, thus enhancing worker safety. Specifically, the open-type TBM includes a cutterhead, main beam, drive system, propulsion system, and support system. The main beam serves as the mounting foundation for the cutterhead, drive system, propulsion system, and support system. The cutterhead is used for breaking rock and soil and excavating tunnels. The drive system is connected between the front end of the main beam and the cutterhead, and is configured to drive the cutterhead to rotate for excavation. The propulsion system propels the cutterhead forward during excavation to improve tunneling efficiency. The propulsion system includes a support shoe, a main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat, and multiple main thrust hydraulic cylinders. The support shoe is movable. The main hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main beam, and the main hydraulic cylinder support seat is set on the main beam and located behind the support shoe. One end of the main hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main hydraulic cylinder support seat, and the other end of the main hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support shoe. In this way, the main hydraulic cylinder can be placed at the rear, leaving enough space in front. The support system is used to set up support in the excavated tunnel section to prevent collapse. The support system is set on the upper side of the main beam and in front of the support shoe, that is, close to the cutterhead, so as to reduce the distance between the support system and the cutterhead and ensure that the excavated tunnel can be supported in time.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the main thrust hydraulic cylinder support is connected to the upper side of the main beam, the main thrust hydraulic cylinder is connected to the end of the main thrust hydraulic cylinder support away from the main beam, and the main thrust hydraulic cylinder is located above the main beam.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the main thrust hydraulic cylinder includes a first main thrust hydraulic cylinder and a second main thrust hydraulic cylinder, which are arranged horizontally and spaced above the main beam.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the main beam includes a first beam segment and a second beam segment, with the front end of the first beam segment connected to the drive system and the rear end of the first beam segment connected to the second beam segment.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the support shoe includes a bracket, a support shoe hydraulic cylinder, and multiple support shoes. The bracket is slidably connected to the upper side of the second beam segment, the support shoe hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bracket, the support shoe hydraulic cylinder has multiple piston rods, and the multiple support shoes are respectively connected to the multiple piston rods one by one.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the support shoe further includes at least one torque hydraulic cylinder, one end of which is rotatably connected to the bracket, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the cylinder barrel of the support shoe hydraulic cylinder.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the support shoe further includes a directional hydraulic cylinder assembly, which includes at least one directional hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of which is rotatably connected to the support shoe, and the cylinder barrel of which is connected to the bracket.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the propulsion system further includes a rear support, which includes a mounting frame, at least one support foot, and at least one adjusting hydraulic cylinder. The mounting frame is connected to the rear end of the second beam segment, the cylinder barrel of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the mounting frame, and the piston rod of the at least one adjusting hydraulic cylinder is correspondingly connected to at least one support foot.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the drive system includes a transmission component and a drive component, with one side of the transmission component connected to the front end of the main beam and the other side of the transmission component connected to the cutter head, and the drive component connected to the side of the transmission component closer to the main beam.

[0020] In one possible implementation, there are multiple driving components connected to different positions of the transmission components, and all of the driving components are located below the main beam.

[0021] The structure of this application, as well as its other inventive objectives and beneficial effects, will become more apparent from the description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of embodiments of this application will become more readily understood through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application will be described by way of example and non-limitation, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an open-type TBM provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the support system provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the support boot provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the back support provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of section aa.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 100 - Main beam; 101 - Front end; 102 - Rear end; 110 - First beam segment; 120 - Second beam segment;

[0030] 200 - Drive system; 210 - Transmission components; 220 - Drive components;

[0031] 300 - Support system; 310 - Support platform; 311 - Support plate; 3111 - Traveling groove; 312 - Reinforcing plate; 320 - Traveling platform; 321 - First traveling wheel; 322 - Second traveling wheel; 330 - Anchor drill rod;

[0032] 400 - Propulsion system; 410 - Support shoe; 411 - Bracket; 412 - Support shoe; 413 - Support shoe hydraulic cylinder; 414 - Torque hydraulic cylinder; 415 - Directional hydraulic cylinder; 420 - Rear support; 421 - Mounting bracket; 422 - Support foot; 423 - Adjustment hydraulic cylinder; 430 - Main thrust hydraulic cylinder; 440 - Main thrust hydraulic cylinder support seat;

[0033] 500-Cutterhead;

[0034] 600-Shield. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0036] Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is a factory-produced, assembly-line tunnel construction equipment that integrates mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, optical, and pneumatic systems. It has advantages such as fast tunneling speed, environmental friendliness, and high overall efficiency. It can construct long, deep-buried tunnels in complex geographical terrains that are difficult to achieve with traditional drill-and-blast methods. Its application in tunnel projects in China's railways, hydropower, transportation, mining, and municipal engineering is growing rapidly.

[0037] TBMs include shield TBMs and open-face TBMs. Shield TBMs, also known as tunnel boring machines, require the construction of tunnel shields, i.e., supporting segments, when excavating tunnels, and are mainly used in soft soil strata. Open-face TBMs do not require the laying of segments when excavating tunnels, but integrate excavation, support, and muck removal into one unit, which can achieve one-time tunnel forming and are mainly used in hard rock tunnel construction.

[0038] In related technologies, open-face TBMs include cutterheads, main beams, drive systems, propulsion systems, and support systems. The cutterhead is mounted at the end of the main beam, and the drive system is located near the cutterhead to drive the blades to rotate. The rotation of the cutterhead can break up the rock and soil for excavation. The propulsion system is used to push the cutterhead forward during excavation to improve tunneling efficiency. The support system is used to install supports in the excavated tunnel sections to prevent collapse.

[0039] However, the aforementioned open-type TBM, with its propulsion system located on both sides of the support system, occupies the working space of construction personnel and hinders support work. Furthermore, due to the space required for the arrangement of the drive and other systems, the drive and support systems are spaced apart along the length of the main beam, resulting in an excessively long main beam structure that cannot accommodate the small turns required in tunnels. Additionally, the excessively long main beam structure also leads to an excessively large roof-to-roof distance (the spatial length of the tunnel in the excavation direction under unsupported roof conditions), increasing the risk of tunnel collapse and raising the difficulty of escaping for construction personnel.

[0040] In view of this, this application provides an open-type TBM, which, by placing the propulsion system at the rear, leaves sufficient space for workers to move around and perform support operations near the support system, thereby improving support efficiency and reducing collisions and enhancing worker safety.

[0041] The open-type TBM provided in the embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an open-type TBM provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides an open-type TBM, which includes a main beam 100, a cutterhead 500, a drive system 200, a propulsion system 400, and a support system 300. The main beam 100 serves as the mounting foundation for the cutterhead 500, drive system 200, propulsion system 400, and support system 300. The cutterhead 500 is used to break up rock and soil and excavate tunnels. The drive system 200 is connected between the front end 101 of the main beam 100 and the cutterhead 500, and is configured to drive the cutterhead 500 to rotate, thereby driving the cutterhead 500 to excavate. The propulsion system 400 is used to push the cutterhead 500 forward during excavation to improve tunneling efficiency. The support system 300 is used to provide support in the excavated tunnel section to prevent collapse.

[0043] For ease of description, the two ends of the main beam 100 are referred to as the front end 101 and the rear end 102, respectively. The direction of the rear end 102 toward the front end 101 is the tunneling direction of the open-type TBM.

[0044] Specifically, the propulsion system 400 includes a support shoe 410, a main hydraulic cylinder support seat 440, and multiple main hydraulic cylinders 430. The support shoe 410 is movably connected to the main beam 100. The main hydraulic cylinder support seat 440 is located on the main beam 100 and behind the support shoe 410. One end of the main hydraulic cylinder 430 is connected to the main hydraulic cylinder support seat 440, and the other end of the main hydraulic cylinder 430 is connected to the support shoe 410, so as to leave sufficient space in front. The support system 300 is located on the upper side of the main beam 100 and in front of the support shoe 410, that is, close to the cutterhead 500, so as to reduce the distance between the support system 300 and the cutterhead 500 and ensure that the excavated tunnel can be supported in time.

[0045] By placing the main hydraulic cylinder 430 at the rear, sufficient space can be left near the front support system 300 while ensuring the support effect. This allows construction personnel to walk and move around near the support system 300 and perform support operations, improving support efficiency. In addition, it can reduce collisions and improve the safety of construction personnel.

[0046] For example, the main hydraulic cylinder support 440 can be connected to the upper side of the main beam 100, and the main hydraulic cylinder 430 is connected to the end of the main hydraulic cylinder support 440 away from the main beam 100, with the main hydraulic cylinder 430 located above the main beam 100. It should be noted that the tunnel diameter can be 3 meters or similar, generally larger than the height of construction workers. Positioning the main hydraulic cylinder 430 above the main beam 100 avoids obstructing the movement of construction workers, allowing them space to move freely and facilitating the passage of workers through the open-type TBM.

[0047] Specifically, the main thrust hydraulic cylinder 430 may include a first main thrust hydraulic cylinder and a second main thrust hydraulic cylinder. The first and second main thrust hydraulic cylinders are arranged horizontally and spaced above the main beam 100. The first and second main thrust hydraulic cylinders apply thrust simultaneously to increase the total thrust and ensure the thrusting effect. Furthermore, when the extension and retraction lengths of the first and second main thrust hydraulic cylinders are different, the open TBM can be controlled to turn left or right.

[0048] In practical applications, the main beam 100 may include a first beam segment 110 and a second beam segment 120. The front end 101 of the first beam segment 110 is connected to the drive system 200, and the rear end 102 of the first beam segment 110 is connected to the second beam segment 120. The first beam segment 110 can be used to set up the support system 300, and the second beam segment 120 can be used to set up the propulsion system 400. In this way, the volume and weight of individual components can be reduced, which facilitates transportation, on-site assembly and relocation.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a support system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2As shown, the support system 300 may include a support platform 310, a traveling platform 320, and at least one anchor drill rod 330. The support platform 310 is connected to the main beam 100, and the traveling platform 320 is movably connected to the upper surface of the support platform 310. One end of the anchor drill rod 330 is connected to the traveling platform 320, and the other end extends upward. The anchor drill rod 330 is used for drilling holes to install anchors and other supports. The traveling platform 320 can move the anchor drill rod 330 within the range of the support platform 310 to flexibly set up supports, improve support efficiency, and ensure fast, safe, and reliable construction.

[0050] For example, the support platform 310 may include a support plate 311 and a reinforcing plate 312. The support plate 311 is connected to the upper part of the main beam 100 and extends in the horizontal direction. One end of the reinforcing plate 312 is connected to the lower part of the main beam 100, and the other end of the reinforcing plate 312 is connected to the support plate 311, so as to enhance the structural strength of the support platform 310 and ensure the safety of construction.

[0051] In addition, a travel groove 3111 can be provided on the upper side of the support platform 310. The travel groove 3111 extends from the front end 101 of the first beam segment 110 to the rear end 102 of the first beam segment 110, so that the travel platform 320 can travel within the range of the first beam segment 110. That is, the travel platform 320 can move to a position close to the cutterhead 500 to set up support, which can effectively reduce the tunnel ceiling distance. The travel platform 320 is provided with a first travel wheel 321 and a second travel wheel 322 on the side facing the support platform 310. The first travel wheel 321 is rolled to the bottom wall of the travel groove 3111, and the second travel wheel 322 is rolled to the side wall of the travel groove 3111, so as to reduce the friction of the travel platform 320 and ensure that the travel platform can move smoothly to the required position.

[0052] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the open-type TBM may also include a shield 600, which is fitted over the transmission component 210 and extends along the length of the open-type TBM from the cutterhead 500 to the front end 101 of the first beam segment 110. The shield 600 can withstand debris to protect the transmission component 210 inside, and can also serve as a temporary support to provide temporary support for the tunnel roof and prevent tunnel collapse before the support is installed.

[0053] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support boot provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3As shown, the support shoe 410 may include a bracket 411, a support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413, and multiple support shoes 412. The bracket 411 is slidably connected to the upper side of the second beam segment 120. The support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413 is connected to the bracket 411. The support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413 has multiple piston rods. The multiple support shoes 412 are respectively connected to the multiple piston rods one by one. The multiple support shoes 412 can tighten the tunnel wall and, together with the rear support 420, the first main thrust hydraulic cylinder, and the second main thrust hydraulic cylinder, achieve the forward movement function and prevent the open-type TBM from slipping and rolling during the tunneling process.

[0054] In practical applications, the main hydraulic cylinder 430 can be connected to the bracket 411, or the main hydraulic cylinder 430 can also be connected to the cylinder of the support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions.

[0055] For example, the hydraulic cylinder 413 for the support shoe can have two piston rods, which are located at both ends of the cylinder. There can be two support shoes 412, which can be respectively set on the piston rods at both ends of the hydraulic cylinder 413 for the support shoe, that is, on the left and right sides of the main beam 100. When a small turn is required for tunneling, the turn can be achieved by controlling the different extension amounts of the support shoes 412 on both sides. When the extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 413 group on the left side is greater than that on the right side, a horizontal left turn is performed; when the extension amount of the hydraulic cylinder 413 group on the left side is less than that on the right side, a horizontal right turn is performed.

[0056] For example, the support shoe 410 may also include at least one torque hydraulic cylinder 414, one end of which is rotatably connected to the bracket 411, and the other end of which is rotatably connected to the cylinder of the support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413, so as to flexibly adjust the angle of the support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413, thereby adjusting the angle of the support shoe 412, so that the support shoe 412 is in close contact with the tunnel wall, thereby increasing the friction and improving the support effect.

[0057] Specifically, at least one torque hydraulic cylinder 414 can be two, with the two torque hydraulic cylinders 414 located at both ends of the cylinder barrel of the support shoe hydraulic cylinder 413, so as to flexibly adjust the angle of the support shoe 412, so that the support shoe 412 is in close contact with the tunnel wall, thereby increasing the friction and improving the support effect; or, the torque hydraulic cylinder 414 can also be three or more, and the specific number is not limited in this embodiment.

[0058] To further improve the flexibility of the support shoe 412, the support shoe support 410 may also include a set of directional hydraulic cylinders 415. The set of directional hydraulic cylinders 415 includes at least one directional hydraulic cylinder 415. The piston rod of the directional hydraulic cylinder 415 is rotatably connected to the support shoe 412, and the cylinder barrel of the directional hydraulic cylinder 415 is connected to the bracket 411, so as to flexibly adjust the angle of the support shoe 412, so that the support shoe 412 is in close contact with the tunnel wall, thereby increasing the friction and improving the support effect.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the back support provided in an embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 4 As shown, the propulsion system 400 may also include a rear support 420, which includes a mounting frame 421, at least one support foot 422, and at least one adjusting hydraulic cylinder 423. The mounting frame 421 is connected to the rear end 102 of the second beam segment 120. The cylinder of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 423 is connected to the mounting frame 421. The piston rod of at least one adjusting hydraulic cylinder 423 is connected to at least one support foot 422 in a corresponding manner. The adjusting hydraulic cylinder 423 can adjust the extension and retraction amount so that the support foot 422 is supported on or away from the tunnel wall. Together with the support shoe 410 and the main thrust hydraulic cylinder 430, it realizes the forward movement function of the open-type TBM.

[0060] The process of open-face TBM tunneling is as follows:

[0061] First, the support shoe 410 extends, tightening the tunnel wall and creating a point of force for the main thrust hydraulic cylinders 430 (i.e., the first and second main thrust hydraulic cylinders). Then, the main thrust hydraulic cylinders 430 directly push the transmission component 210, which in turn drives the cutterhead 500 forward. Simultaneously, the drive system 200 rotates the rotating part of the transmission component 210, which in turn rotates the cutterhead 500, generating the tunneling action. After the main thrust hydraulic cylinders 430 have advanced to their position, the rear support 420 extends, tightening the tunnel wall, the support shoe 410 retracts, moving away from the tunnel wall, and the main thrust hydraulic cylinders 430 retract, thus driving the support shoe 410 forward to its final position. Repeating these steps achieves continuous tunneling.

[0062] In other embodiments, the propulsion system 400 may also adopt other forms of support boots 410 and rear support 420, as long as the propulsion function can be realized. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions.

[0063] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of section aa. (See diagram below.) Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the drive system 200 may include a transmission component 210 and a drive component 220. One side of the transmission component 210 is connected to the front end 101 of the main beam 100, and the other side of the transmission component 210 is connected to the cutter head 500. The drive component 220 is connected to the side of the transmission component 210 near the main beam 100 to connect the cutter head 500 and the main beam 100.

[0064] Specifically, the transmission component 210 may include a fixed part and a rotating part. The rotating part is rotatably connected to the fixed part and connected to the cutter head 500. The fixed part is connected to the front end 101 of the main beam 100. In this way, the transmission component 210 can drive the cutter head 500 to rotate and can also be used to connect components such as the main beam 100 that do not need to rotate. In addition, the drive component 220 may be a motor. The rotating shaft of the drive component 220 is connected to the rotating part of the transmission component 210 to drive the rotating part to rotate.

[0065] For example, there can be multiple drive components 220, which are connected to different positions of the transmission component 210. All drive components 220 are located below the main beam 100 so that the upper space is left for the support system 300, providing sufficient support space. In addition, the length of the main beam 100 can be reduced, which can reduce the turning radius of the open TBM to a certain extent.

[0066] Specifically, there can be four drive components 220 to increase the driving force and ensure that the cutterhead 500 can smoothly break the rock and soil. The four drive components 220 can be evenly distributed on the lower side of the main beam 100 to leave installation space for other systems and achieve spatial overlap with other systems, thereby reducing the length of the main beam 100. Alternatively, there can be three or five drive components 220, as long as they can provide the required driving force. This embodiment does not impose any restrictions.

[0067] In summary, the open-type TBM provided in this application embodiment has a rear-mounted propulsion system 400 and a large operating space near the support system 300, which facilitates support operations and allows construction personnel to pass through easily. It can also reduce the length of the main beam 100, thereby reducing the turning radius of the open-type TBM to a certain extent. In addition, the support system 300 is close to the cutterhead 500, and the gap between the support system and the cutterhead is small, which can meet the support requirements of soft rock geology and is applicable to soft rock strata, thus expanding the universality of the rock strata applicable to open-type TBMs.

[0068] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "horizontal", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0069] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0070] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0071] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0072] In the description of this specification, the references to the terms "embodiment," "example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An open TBM characterized in that, The open TBM comprises a main beam, a cutter head, a driving system, a propulsion system and a support system. The main beam comprises a front end and a rear end, and the rear end is directed towards the front end, which is the tunneling direction of the open TBM. The driving system is connected between the front end of the main beam and the cutter head, and is configured to drive the cutter head to rotate. The propulsion system comprises a support shoe, a main hydraulic cylinder support seat and a plurality of main hydraulic cylinders, the support shoe is movably connected to the main beam, the main hydraulic cylinder support seat is arranged on the main beam and located behind the support shoe, one end of the main hydraulic cylinder is connected to the main hydraulic cylinder support seat, and the other end of the main hydraulic cylinder is connected to the support shoe. The support system is arranged on the upper side of the main beam and located in front of the support shoe. The main hydraulic cylinder support seat is connected to the upper side of the main beam, and the main hydraulic cylinder is connected to the end of the main hydraulic cylinder support seat away from the main beam, and the main hydraulic cylinder is located above the main beam. The main hydraulic cylinder comprises a first main hydraulic cylinder and a second main hydraulic cylinder, and the first main hydraulic cylinder and the second main hydraulic cylinder are arranged above the main beam in a horizontal direction. The main beam comprises a first beam segment and a second beam segment, the front end of the first beam segment is connected to the driving system, and the rear end of the first beam segment is connected to the second beam segment. The propulsion system further comprises a rear support, the rear support comprises a mounting frame, at least one support leg and at least one adjusting hydraulic cylinder, the mounting frame is connected to the rear end of the second beam segment, the cylinder barrel of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the mounting frame, and the piston rod of at least one adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to at least one support leg one by one.

2. The open TBM of claim 1, wherein, The support shoe comprises a bracket, a support shoe hydraulic cylinder and a plurality of support shoes, the bracket is slidingly connected to the upper side of the second beam segment, the support shoe hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bracket, and the support shoe hydraulic cylinder has a plurality of piston rods, and a plurality of support shoes are connected to the plurality of piston rods one by one.

3. The open TBM of claim 2, wherein, The support shoe further comprises at least one torque hydraulic cylinder, one end of the torque hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected to the bracket, and the other end of the torque hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected to the cylinder barrel of the support shoe hydraulic cylinder.

4. The open TBM of claim 2, wherein, The support shoe further comprises a direction adjusting hydraulic cylinder group, the direction adjusting hydraulic cylinder group comprises at least one direction adjusting hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the direction adjusting hydraulic cylinder is rotationally connected to the support shoe, and the cylinder barrel of the direction adjusting hydraulic cylinder is connected to the bracket.

5. The open TBM of claim 1, wherein, The driving system comprises a transmission member and a driving member, one side of the transmission member is connected to the front end of the main beam, the other side of the transmission member is connected to the cutter head, and the driving member is connected to the side of the transmission member close to the main beam.

6. The open TBM of claim 5, wherein, The driving member is a plurality of, and the plurality of driving members are connected to different positions of the transmission member, and the plurality of driving members are all located below the main beam.

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