A foldable gasket and a single-sided bolt fastener

Abstract

A foldable gasket and a single-sided bolt fastener, wherein the foldable gasket includes an elastic torsion member and at least two gasket assemblies arranged in layers, and the gasket assembly includes two gasket monomers opposite to each other in the radial direction; in adjacent two gasket assemblies, the gasket monomers of one are connected to the corresponding ends of the two gasket monomers of the other through the elastic torsion member at both ends in the circumferential direction; when the foldable gasket is deformed into an elliptical folded shape, the elastic torsion member can store elastic potential energy; the elastic torsion member can also release the elastic potential energy so that the foldable gasket automatically returns to the unfolded shape of a complete circle. The foldable gasket is constructed by the cooperation of the gasket monomers and the elastic torsion member, and has a stable mechanical connection relationship. When the gasket is in the unfolded shape and under the action of a load, it can closely adhere to the inner wall of the component to be installed and is not easily pulled out, damaged or disassembled, thereby creating favorable conditions for effectively improving the fastening effect of the single-sided bolt fastener.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fastening members, and particularly to a foldable gasket and a single-sided bolt fastener. Background Art

[0002] Embedded bolts generally refer to anchor bolts anchored in reinforced concrete, that is, cast-in-place fasteners placed in templates before concrete pouring; after the concrete hardens, a fastening system can be formed to connect external components. For ordinary high-strength bolts, when using them to connect and fasten external components, operations need to be carried out on both sides of the open-section component at the same time; compared with the fastening connection method of embedded bolts, although the structure is simple, the operation is convenient, and the bearing capacity is good, it is only applicable to the connection and fastening of open-section components.

[0003] With the development of engineering structure technology, on the basis of embedded bolts and high-strength bolts, single-sided bolts have been developed. With the fastening system composed of single-sided bolts, it can not only solve the problem that ordinary high-strength bolts are difficult to apply to the construction and installation of closed-section components, but also provide feasibility for the transformation of welded composite structures into detachable composite structures.

[0004] In the currently disclosed single-sided bolt implementation schemes, most of them will be used in conjunction with gaskets or gasket assemblies made of rubber materials; however, the structural stability of rubber gaskets is poor, and they are prone to damage and disintegration, thus greatly weakening the comprehensive mechanical properties of the single-sided bolt fastening system, resulting in problems such as low reliability and potential safety hazards in the fastening system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a foldable gasket and a single-sided bolt fastener applying the foldable gasket, aiming to improve the mechanical properties and reliability of the fastener.

[0006] According to a first aspect, in one embodiment, a foldable gasket is provided. The foldable gasket has an unfolded form with an overall circular contour and a folded form with an overall elliptical contour. The foldable gasket includes an elastic torsion member and at least two layers of gasket assemblies stacked along the axial direction. The gasket assembly includes two gasket monomers opposite to each other in the radial direction; in adjacent two layers of the gasket assemblies, each gasket monomer of one layer is connected to the corresponding ends of the two gasket monomers of the other layer through the elastic torsion member at both ends in the circumferential direction.

[0007] When the foldable gasket is subjected to an extrusion force, it can be deformed into the folded form due to the relative misalignment movement of the two gasket monomers of the gasket assembly in the radial direction, and the elastic torsion member stores elastic potential energy.

[0008] The elastic torsion member can release elastic potential energy when the extrusion effect is cancelled, so that the foldable gasket returns to the unfolded state.

[0009] In one embodiment, the elastic torsion member includes a pivot shaft and a torsion spring; wherein, the pivot shaft axially penetrates through a gasket monomer of one of the adjacent two layers of gasket assemblies and is fixed to a gasket monomer of the other of the adjacent two layers of gasket assemblies; the torsion spring is sleeved on the pivot shaft, and both ends of the torsion spring are fixed to the gasket monomers on the corresponding end sides.

[0010] In one embodiment, one of the two gasket monomers connected by the elastic torsion member is a first gasket and the other is a second gasket; a first groove is provided on the surface of the first gasket facing the second gasket, and a second groove is provided on the surface of the second gasket facing the first gasket; the first groove and the second groove face each other in the axial direction and enclose a receiving space, and the torsion spring is arranged in the receiving space.

[0011] In one embodiment, the gasket monomer is a semi-circular arc-shaped structure made of a hard material;

[0012] The two gasket monomers in the gasket assembly can abut against each other in the radial direction so that the foldable gasket remains in the unfolded state;

[0013] When the foldable gasket is in the folded state, the projections of the outer peripheral vertices of the gasket monomers on a preset radial plane are located on the same elliptical trajectory.

[0014] According to a second aspect, an embodiment provides a single-sided bolt fastener, including a fastening bolt and a foldable gasket, a fastening gasket and a fastening nut that are sequentially sleeved on the fastening bolt along the axial direction. The fastening bolt is used to penetrate through the installation hole of the component to be installed, and the foldable gasket adopts the foldable gasket described in the first aspect;

[0015] When the foldable gasket is in the folded state, it can pass through the installation hole from the outside of the component to be installed to the inside of the component to be installed; the fastening nut is used to cooperate with the fastening bolt to clamp the component to be installed between the fastening gasket and the foldable gasket in the unfolded state.

[0016] In one embodiment, the fastening bolt has:

[0017] A screw portion, which is used to penetrate through the installation hole of the component to be installed, and the foldable gasket, the fastening gasket and the fastening nut are sleeved on the screw portion; and

[0018] A positioning part is arranged on the screw part in a manner that its position can be adjusted along the axial direction. The positioning part is used to define the length of the screw part extending into the inner side of the component to be installed; the positioning part is also used to cooperate with the fastening nut to clamp the component to be installed between the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket.

[0019] In one embodiment, the positioning part is a sleeve structure having a preset length in the axial direction, and the positioning part is threadedly sleeved on the screw part.

[0020] In one embodiment, on both gasket monomers on the side of the foldable gasket adjacent to the component to be installed, a convex structure is provided. The convex structure is used to extend into the installation hole of the component to be installed to position the foldable gasket on the component to be installed.

[0021] In one embodiment, when the foldable gasket is in the unfolded state, the convex structures of the two gasket monomers enclose to form an annular boss; the outer diameter of the annular boss is equal to the diameter of the installation hole of the component to be installed, so that when the annular boss extends into the installation hole, it can abut against the hole wall of the installation hole.

[0022] In one embodiment, a limiting sleeve is further included. The limiting sleeve is sleeved on the fastening bolt and is located between the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket; the limiting sleeve is used to pass through the installation hole of the component to be installed, so that when the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket clamp the component to be installed, both ends of the limiting sleeve can respectively abut against the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket;

[0023] And / or a connecting structure is provided at one end of the fastening bolt located outside the component to be installed. The connecting structure is used to detachably connect an installation tool.

[0024] According to the unilateral bolt fastener of the above embodiment, it includes a foldable gasket and a fastening bolt. The foldable gasket includes an elastic torsion member and at least two layers of gasket assemblies stacked. The gasket assembly includes two gasket monomers opposite to each other in the radial direction; in adjacent two layers of gasket assemblies, the gasket monomers of one layer are connected to the corresponding ends of the two gasket monomers of the other layer through elastic torsion members at both ends in the circumferential direction; when the foldable gasket is deformed into an elliptical folded state, the elastic torsion member can store elastic potential energy; the elastic torsion member can also release the elastic potential energy to enable the foldable gasket to automatically return to the unfolded state of a complete circle. The foldable gasket is built by the cooperation of the gasket monomers and the elastic torsion member, having a stable mechanical connection relationship. When the gasket is in the unfolded state and under the action of a load, it can closely adhere to the inner wall of the component to be installed and is not easily pulled out, damaged, or disassembled, thus creating favorable conditions for effectively improving the fastening effect of the unilateral bolt fastener. At the same time, through the positioning part configured on the fastening bolt, the depth or length of the fastening bolt extending into the inner side of the component to be installed can be adjusted, thereby significantly improving the stress performance of the fastener. Description of the Drawings

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a foldable gasket in an unfolded state for an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic exploded view of the structure of a foldable gasket for an embodiment.

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a foldable gasket in a folded state for an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic plan projection diagram of a foldable gasket in an unfolded state for an embodiment.

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic plan projection diagram of a foldable gasket in a folded state for an embodiment.

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structural principle when a foldable gasket passes through the mounting hole for an embodiment.

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic axial cross-sectional structure diagram of a single-sided bolt fastener in a tightened state for an embodiment.

[0032] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single-sided bolt fastener during the tightening and installation process for an embodiment.

[0033] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structural cooperation relationship between a single-sided bolt fastener and an installation tool for an embodiment.

[0034] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of a single-sided bolt fastener with the positioning part omitted from the tightening bolt for an embodiment.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 10. Foldable gasket; 10a. First gasket assembly; 10b. Second gasket assembly; 10c. Annular boss; 11. Gasket monomer; 11a. First groove; 11b. Protrusion structure; 12. Elastic torsion member; 12a. Pivot shaft; 12b. Torsion spring; 20. Tightening bolt; 20a. Nut part; 20b. Screw part; 20c. Positioning part; 20d. Connection structure; 30. Limit sleeve; 40. Tightening gasket; 50. Tightening nut; A. Component to be installed; B. Installation tool. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are labeled with related similar element numbers. In the following embodiments, many detailed descriptions are provided to enable a better understanding of the present application. However, those skilled in the art can easily recognize that some of the features can be omitted in different situations, or can be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, some operations related to the present application are not shown or described in the specification to avoid overwhelming the core part of the present application with excessive descriptions. For those skilled in the art, it is not necessary to describe these related operations in detail, and they can fully understand the related operations based on the descriptions in the specification and the general technical knowledge in the art.

[0038] In addition, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can also be reordered or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various sequences in the specification and the drawings are only for clearly describing a certain embodiment and do not mean that they are necessary sequences, unless it is stated otherwise that a certain sequence must be followed.

[0039] The serial numbers assigned to the components in this document, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects and do not have any sequential or technical meaning. And the "connection" and "coupling" mentioned in this application, unless otherwise specified, both include direct and indirect connection (coupling).

[0040] The terms "axial direction", "radial direction", and "circumferential direction" used in this document are three directions defined based on the structural configuration when the foldable pad is applied to a single-sided bolt; among them, the "axial direction" refers to the direction where the axis of the bolt is located. Correspondingly, the "circumferential direction" refers to the direction around the axis of the bolt, and the "radial direction" refers to the direction perpendicular to the axis of the bolt.

[0041] The single-sided bolt fastener provided by the embodiment of the present application adopts a foldable gasket composed of an elastic torsion member and a plurality of gasket monomers, which can be converted between an elliptical folded state and a circular unfolded state; compared with the existing gasket for single-sided bolts, it has characteristics such as a stable mechanical connection relationship, convenient and fast installation and form conversion, not easily damaged or disassembled, and high reliability; when the foldable gasket is in the unfolded state, it can closely fit the inner wall of the component to be installed and is not easily pulled out under the action of load, creating favorable conditions for effectively improving the fastening effect of the fastener; at the same time, the configured positioning part can adjust the depth of the bolt extending into the component to be installed as needed to increase or extend the bonding length between the bolt and the concrete on the inner side of the component to be installed, thereby significantly enhancing the overall mechanical performance of the fastener.

[0042] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 , an embodiment provides a single-sided spiral fastener, which can be used for the construction installation and fastening of a cross-sectional member (for the convenience of description, it is defined as the member A to be installed), for example, fastening and installing a connecting plate with a mounting hole and a square steel pipe with a mounting hole; the fastener includes a fastening bolt 20 and a foldable gasket 10, a limiting sleeve 30, a fastening gasket 40 and a fastening nut 50 that are sequentially sleeved on the fastening bolt 20 along the axial direction.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 7 to 10 , the fastening bolt 20 can be selected as a high-strength bolt with reference to the prior art, and it has a nut portion 20a and a screw portion 20b; wherein, the outer diameter of the nut portion 20a is configured to be smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole of the member A to be installed, so that one end of the fastening bolt 20 provided with the nut portion 20a can pass through the mounting hole from the outside of the member A to the inside of the member 10, for example, passing through the mounting hole from one side of the connecting plate to the inside of the square steel pipe.

[0044] Please refer to Figures 1 to 9 , the foldable gasket 10 adopts a foldable structure, which can be converted between an unfolded form with an overall circular contour and a folded form with an overall elliptical contour; when the foldable gasket 10 is in the folded form, the structural feature that its major axis dimension and minor axis dimension are not equal can be utilized, and it can be twisted by a certain angle relative to the fastening bolt 20 with its minor axis as the rotation axis, so that the foldable gasket 10 can move axially along the fastening bolt 20 and pass through the mounting hole from the outside of the member A to the inside of the member A (specifically, please refer to Figure 6 ); and, when the foldable gasket 10 is inside the member A, it can return to the unfolded form, and in the unfolded form, the outer diameter of the overall contour of the foldable gasket 10 is larger than the diameter of the mounting hole, so that the foldable gasket 10 is limited between the nut portion 20a of the fastening bolt 20 and the member A.

[0045] Please refer to Figures 7 to 9 , the limiting sleeve 30, the fastening gasket 40 and the fastening nut 50 can all be selected and configured with reference to the prior art. For example, the limiting sleeve 30 adopts a sleeve structure with an outer diameter smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole, an inner diameter adapted to the outer diameter of the screw portion 20b, and an axial length less than or equal to the length of the mounting hole; the fastening gasket 40 adopts a flat gasket with an outer diameter larger than the diameter of the mounting hole, such as a flat gasket made of high-strength steel, etc.); the fastening nut 50 adopts a nut structure threadedly adapted to the screw portion 20b, such as a hexagonal nut.

[0046] During specific implementation, the following operation steps can be followed to complete the unilateral construction installation and fastening of the member A to be installed, as follows:

[0047] 1. Place the collapsible gasket 10, the limit sleeve 30, the fastening gasket 40, and the fastening nut on the installation tool B in a preset order, and adaptively connect the end of the screw part 20b away from the nut part 20a to the installation tool B. For details, please refer to Figure 9 ;

[0048] 2. With the help of the installation tool B, insert the end where the nut part 20a of the fastening bolt 20 is located into the inside of the component A to be installed through the installation hole; at the same time, by applying an extrusion force to the collapsible gasket 10 to deform it into a folded shape, after pushing the collapsible gasket 10 in the folded shape into the inside of the component A through the installation hole, the collapsible gasket 10 can return to the unfolded shape. For details, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 9 ; Among them, Figure 6 the bold dotted line with an arrow represents the direction in which the collapsible gasket 10 in the folded shape moves on the installation tool B and passes through the installation hole;

[0049] 3. With the help of the installation tool B, pull the fastening bolt 20 axially towards the outside of the component A to be installed, and use the nut part 20a to press the collapsible gasket 10 against the inner wall of the component A to be installed.

[0050] 4. Push the limit sleeve 30 into the installation hole, move the fastening gasket 40 to a position close to the outer wall of the component A to be installed, and by screwing the fastening nut 50, finally, with the cooperation of the fastening bolt 20, the component A to be installed can be clamped and fixed between the fastening gasket 40 and the unfolded collapsible gasket 10, completing the single-sided installation and fastening operation of the component A to be installed. For details, please refer to Figure 7 。

[0051] In this embodiment, the limit sleeve 30 can be used to maximally supplement the structural gap between the screw part 20b and the installation hole, and provide structural support for the collapsible gasket 10 and the fastening gasket 40 in the axial direction, so that while they are respectively close to the inner wall and the outer wall of the component A to be installed, the two can be prevented from deforming structurally.

[0052] In other embodiments, when the structural gap between the screw part 20b and the installation hole is not sufficient to affect the gasket, the limit sleeve 30 can also be omitted.

[0053] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 5, the foldable gasket 10 includes four gasket monomers 11 and four elastic torsion members 12; among them, the gasket monomer 11 can be a sheet structure made of high-strength steel of grade 10.9 or 12.9, or can also be a sheet structure made of other hard materials such as aluminum, copper, stainless steel, etc. according to needs; the four gasket monomers 11 have the same structure and size and are grouped in pairs, and the two gasket monomers 11 in each group are arranged opposite to each other in the radial direction to form a gasket assembly with an overall contour approximately in a circular ring shape; and the two gasket assemblies are arranged in a stacked manner in the axial direction, and the gasket monomers 11 of the two gasket assemblies are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction, so that the overall contour of the foldable gasket 10 is approximately in a complete circular shape.

[0054] For the convenience of distinction and description, one of the gasket assemblies is defined as the first gasket assembly 10a, and the other gasket assembly is defined as the second gasket assembly 10b. The so-called "arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction" can be understood as that the two gasket monomers 11 of the first gasket assembly 10a are arranged opposite to each other along the first radial direction, while the two gasket monomers 11 of the second gasket assembly 10b are arranged opposite to each other along the second radial direction perpendicular to the first radial direction.

[0055] Each gasket monomer 11 of the first gasket assembly 10a is connected to the corresponding ends of the two gasket monomers 11 of the second gasket assembly 10b at both ends in the circumferential direction through an elastic torsion member 12; the elastic torsion member 12 can adopt structural devices such as an elastic coupling, a damping rotating shaft, a soft body torsion, etc. according to the actual situation. This type of structural device usually should have two ends arranged opposite to each other along its rotation axis, and these two ends can rotate towards and away from each other around its rotation axis.

[0056] On the one hand, by respectively connecting and fixing the gasket monomers 11 in the two gasket assemblies to the corresponding ends of the elastic torsion member 12, a structural constraint can be formed between the gasket monomers 11 of the two gasket assemblies by using the elastic torsion member 12, so as to combine and build the overall structure of the foldable gasket 10. Compared with the existing rubber gasket, since the main part of the foldable gasket 10 can be made of metal or hard materials, its anti-extrusion ability is stronger, the stability of the structure is higher, and problems such as damage and disintegration are not likely to occur, which can effectively enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties of the fastener and provide a strong guarantee for improving the stability and reliability of the overall mechanical connection of the fastener.

[0057] On the other hand, with the help of the elastic torsion member 12, an elastic rotational connection relationship can be established between the gasket monomers 11, and the elastic torsion member 12 is used to store and release elastic potential energy, so that the foldable gasket 10 can be converted between the unfolded form and the folded form, so as to meet the operation requirements of single-sided installation and fastening.

[0058] Specifically, when the collapsible gasket 10 is subjected to an extrusion force in a non-axial direction (for example, an extrusion force is applied to the collapsible gasket 10 in the radial direction); among them, for the two gasket monomers 11 connected by the elastic torsion member 12, the two rotate relative to each other around the rotation axis of the elastic torsion member 12; for the two gasket monomers 11 in the same gasket assembly, the two generate a relative misalignment and approach movement in the radial direction; thereby, the collapsible gasket 10 is deformed as a whole into a shape with an outer contour approximately elliptical (meanwhile, the elastic torsion member 12 stores elastic potential energy due to being compressed).

[0059] When the extrusion force is released or revoked (for example, the extrusion force is automatically released because the collapsible gasket 10 passes through the mounting hole), the elastic torsion member 12 can release the elastic potential energy, causing the gasket monomers 11 to automatically return to their original relative positions, and further causing the collapsible gasket 10 to automatically return to a shape with an overall contour approximately circular.

[0060] It should be noted that the elliptical folding shape and the circular unfolded shape of the collapsible gasket 10 can be understood based on the projected shape of the collapsible gasket 10 in a preset radial plane; specifically, please refer to Figure 4 , when the collapsible gasket 10 is in the unfolded state, the outer peripheral vertices of each gasket monomer 11 are at or substantially at the same circular locus C; please refer to Figure 5 , when the collapsible gasket 10 is in the folded state, the outer peripheral vertices of each gasket monomer 11 are at or substantially at the same elliptical locus D; Figure 5 The filled dots with shading in

[0061] In other embodiments, based on the dimensional (i.e., length or thickness) relationship between the collapsible gasket 10 and the mounting hole in the axial direction, the collapsible gasket 10 can also be assembled by combining two or more gasket assemblies and the corresponding number of elastic torsion members 12; for example, the collapsible gasket 10 includes three gasket assemblies arranged in a stacked manner in the axial direction, that is, the collapsible gasket 10 includes six gasket monomers 11 arranged in pairs, and the gasket monomers 11 of the three gasket assemblies are evenly misaligned in the circumferential direction, so as to meet special application requirements.

[0062] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 5, the gasket unit 11 adopts a semi-circular plate-like or sheet-like structure. When the foldable gasket 10 is in the unfolded state, the two ends of the two gasket units 11 in the same gasket assembly can abut against each other in the circumferential direction to enclose a circular ring structure. As for the foldable gasket 10 as a whole, it can stably maintain the unfolded state with the overall contour being a complete circle, so as to cooperate with the fastening gasket 40 to firmly clamp and fix the component A to be installed. When the foldable gasket 10 is in the folded state, the two gasket units 11 in the same gasket assembly are structurally characterized by a staggered distribution in the radial direction, and the outer peripheral vertices of the gasket units 11 in the foldable gasket 10 are on the same elliptical trajectory D (specifically refer to Figure 5 ). By selecting and configuring the contour shape of the gasket unit 11, the foldable gasket 10 as a whole can have a relatively stable structure and can switch between the unfolded state and the folded state.

[0063] In other embodiments, the gasket unit 11 can also adopt an arc-shaped structure with a preset length in the circumferential direction or other suitable structural forms. By configuring the structure and function of the elastic torsion member 12, after the elastic torsion member 12 completely releases the elastic potential energy, the two gasket units 11 in the same gasket assembly are approximately located on a circular ring trajectory, so that the foldable gasket 10 as a whole can approximately maintain the unfolded state with a complete circle shape.

[0064] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , the elastic torsion member 12 includes a pivot shaft 12a and a torsion spring 12b; wherein, the pivot shaft 12a adopts an internal hexagonal bolt structure, which penetrates through the gasket unit 11 of the first gasket assembly 10a along the axial direction and is screwed and fixed to the corresponding gasket unit 11 in the second gasket assembly 10b; in this way, the pivot shaft 12a can be used as the connecting shaft for the relative rotation between the corresponding two gasket units 11, and the pivot shaft 12a can also be used to structurally constrain the corresponding two gasket units 11 to prevent them from disassembling; in addition, it can also enhance the structural compactness of the foldable gasket 10 as a whole and the integrity of the outer contour structure, and assemble the pivot shaft 12a into the structural framework of the foldable gasket 10 in an almost hidden manner.

[0065] The torsion spring 12b is sleeved on the pivot shaft 12a, and both ends of the torsion spring 12b are fixed to the gasket monomers 11 on the corresponding end sides (such as clamping, gluing, welding, etc.). When an extrusion force is applied to the foldable gasket 10, between every two gasket monomers 11 connected by the elastic torsion member 12, a rotational movement approximately approaching each other can occur around the pivot shaft 12a. When the foldable gasket 10 is finally deformed into a folded form as a whole, the torsion spring 12b stores elastic potential energy due to being compressed. When the extrusion force is withdrawn, the torsion spring 12b can release the elastic potential energy, drive the corresponding gasket monomer 11 to act through its end, so that the corresponding two gasket monomers 11 perform a rotational movement approximately moving away from each other, thereby finally enabling the foldable gasket 10 to automatically return and remain in the unfolded form.

[0066] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 5 , a receiving space is provided between the gasket monomers 11 that are stacked face to face in the axial direction. This receiving space is mainly used to provide a structural assembly space for the torsion spring 12b, so as to complete the assembly of the torsion spring 12b while realizing the stacked contact of the gasket monomers 11 in the axial direction.

[0067] Specifically, for the convenience of distinction and description, the two gasket monomers 11 connected by the elastic torsion member 12 are respectively defined as the first gasket and the second gasket. A first groove 11a is provided on one side of the first gasket facing the second gasket in the axial direction, and a second groove (not shown in the figure) is provided on one side of the second gasket facing the first gasket in the axial direction. The structures of the first groove 11a and the second groove are both adapted to the contour structure of the end of the torsion spring 12b. It can also be understood that the torsion spring 12b can be divided into two parts in the axial direction. One part is received in the first groove 11a, and the other part is received in the second groove. When the first gasket and the second gasket are in contact and stacked with each other in the axial direction, the receiving space for receiving the torsion spring 12b can be formed by enclosing the first groove 11a and the second groove.

[0068] Based on this, the torsion spring 12b is hidden and arranged between the two gasket monomers 11 in an approximately clamping manner, which can not only facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the foldable gasket 10 quickly and conveniently, but also effectively enhance the structural compactness of the foldable gasket 10 and improve the stability and reliability of the mechanical connection of the gasket itself.

[0069] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3, on the surfaces of two gasket monomers 11 on the side of the foldable gasket 10 adjacent to the component A to be installed, there are raised structures 11b. For example, after the foldable gasket 10 passes through the installation of the component A to be installed, the first gasket assembly 10a faces the nut part 20a, while the second gasket assembly 10b faces the inner wall of the component A to be installed. At this time, the raised structures 11b are arranged on the two gasket monomers 11 of the second gasket assembly 10b; when tightening the component A to be installed by the fastening nut 50, the raised structures 11b can be used to extend into the installation holes of the component A to be installed to abut against the corresponding ends of the limit sleeve 30, thereby preventing the foldable gasket 10 from radially shifting relative to the component A to be installed and ensuring that it can cooperate with the fastening gasket 40 to firmly clamp the component A to be installed. In specific implementation, the raised structure can adopt an arc-shaped structure adapted to the shape of the installation hole A, or a convex point structure.

[0070] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , the raised structure 11b adopts a semi-circular arc shape that is the same as or similar to the shape of the gasket monomer 11 in the circumferential direction. When the foldable gasket 10 is in the unfolded state, the raised structures 11b on the two gasket monomers 11 that are opposite and abut against each other in the radial direction also abut against each other, thereby enclosing and forming an annular boss 10c on the surface of the second gasket assembly 10b. The outer diameter of the annular boss 10c is configured to be equal to or close to the diameter of the installation hole of the component A to be installed, so that after the annular boss 10c extends into the installation hole, it can not only abut against the hole wall of the installation hole, but also abut against the corresponding end of the limit sleeve 30, thereby accurately and stably positioning the foldable gasket 10 in the installation hole of the component A to be installed.

[0071] In one embodiment, please refer to Figures 7 to 10 , the fastening bolt 20 further has a positioning portion 20c, and the positioning portion 20c is a sleeve structure with an outer diameter equal to or close to the outer diameter of the nut portion 20a. Specifically, it can adopt a circular nut or a hexagonal nut structure. The positioning portion 20c is threadedly sleeved on the screw portion 20b and is located between the nut portion 20a and the foldable gasket 10. By rotating the positioning portion 20c, its staying position on the screw portion 20b or the axial distance between it and the nut portion 20a can be adjusted in the axial direction.

[0072] On the one hand, the positioning portion 20c can be used to control the overall length or depth of the fastening bolt 20 extending into the inner side of the component A to be installed, so that when pouring concrete inside the component A to be installed (such as inside a square steel pipe), the length of the fastening bolt 20 combined with the concrete can be effectively extended, thereby significantly enhancing the overall stress performance of the fastener; on the other hand, with the cooperation of the fastening nut 50 and the fastening gasket 40, the positioning portion 20c can also be used to press the unfolded foldable gasket 10 against the inner wall of the component A to be installed to complete the installation and fastening of the component A to be installed.

[0073] In another embodiment, the fastening bolt 20 may also omit the nut portion 20a, that is, the fastening bolt 20 is only composed of the screw portion 20b and the positioning portion 20c. By adjusting the specific position of the positioning portion 20c on the screw portion 20b, the length of the screw portion 20b extending into the inside of the member A to be installed can be controlled. Of course, based on the overall structure of the fastening bolt 20, the positioning portion 20c can also be disassembled or assembled according to actual needs. For example, when it is not necessary to embed the fastening bolt 20 into the concrete inside the member A to be installed, the positioning portion 20c can be removed, and the nut portion 20a can be directly used to press against the foldable gasket 10.

[0074] In other embodiments, the positioning portion 20c can also be sleeved on the end side of the screw portion 20b by means of clamping or the like to meet different usage requirements.

[0075] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 10 , a connection structure 20d is further provided at one end of the fastening bolt 20 located outside the member A to be installed. The connection structure 20d is mainly used to detachably connect the installation tool B, so as to use the installation tool B to install the fastener as a whole on the member A to be installed and cooperate with the fastener to complete the fastening of the member A to be installed.

[0076] Specifically, the connection structure 20d can be an external thread structure or a threaded hole structure provided at one end of the screw portion 20b away from the nut portion 20a; correspondingly, the installation tool B can be composed of a handle and a connecting rod. Among them, one end of the connecting rod away from the handle can be set as a hollow sleeve structure with an internal thread structure or a rod-shaped structure with an external thread structure on the outer surface, so that the combination connection between the installation tool B and the fastening bolt 20 can be realized by means of the adaptation structure between the connecting rod and the connection structure 20d.

[0077] Of course, in other embodiments, the connection structure 20d can also adopt other suitable structural forms. The key point is that the installation tool B can be detachably connected to the fastening bolt 20 by means of the connection structure 20d.

[0078] The above uses specific examples to elaborate on the present invention, which is only used to help understand the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, according to the idea of the present invention, several simple deductions, deformations or substitutions can also be made.

Claims

1. A foldable gasket, characterized in that, The collapsible gasket has an unfolded form with an overall circular contour and a folded form with an overall elliptical contour. The collapsible gasket includes an elastic torsion member and at least two gasket assemblies stacked in the axial direction. Each gasket assembly includes two gasket monomers opposite to each other in the radial direction. In adjacent two gasket assemblies, each gasket monomer of one gasket assembly is connected to the corresponding ends of the two gasket monomers of the other gasket assembly through an elastic torsion member at both ends in the circumferential direction. When the collapsible gasket is under extrusion, it can be deformed into a folded form due to the relative displacement movement of the two gasket monomers of the gasket assembly in the radial direction, and the elastic torsion member stores elastic potential energy. The elastic torsion member can release the elastic potential energy when the extrusion is withdrawn, so that the collapsible gasket returns to the unfolded form.

2. The collapsible gasket according to claim 1, wherein, The elastic torsion member includes a pivot shaft and a torsion spring. Wherein, the pivot shaft penetrates through the gasket monomer of one of the adjacent two gasket assemblies in the axial direction and is fixed to the gasket monomer of the other of the adjacent two gasket assemblies. The torsion spring is sleeved on the pivot shaft, and both ends of the torsion spring are respectively fixed to the gasket monomers on the corresponding end sides.

3. The collapsible gasket according to claim 2, characterized in that, One of the two gasket monomers connected by the elastic torsion member is a first gasket, and the other is a second gasket. A first groove is provided on the surface of the first gasket facing the second gasket, and a second groove is provided on the surface of the second gasket facing the first gasket. The first groove and the second groove face each other in the axial direction and enclose a receiving space, and the torsion spring is arranged in the receiving space.

4. The foldable gasket according to claim 1, wherein, The gasket monomer is a semi-circular arc-shaped structure made of a hard material. The two gasket monomers in the gasket assembly can abut against each other in the radial direction, so that the collapsible gasket maintains the unfolded form. When the collapsible gasket is in the folded form, the projections of the outer peripheral vertices of the gasket monomers on a preset radial plane are located on the same elliptical trajectory.

5. A single-sided bolt fastener, characterized in that, It includes a fastening bolt, and a collapsible gasket, a fastening gasket and a fastening nut sleeved on the fastening bolt in sequence in the axial direction. The fastening bolt is used to penetrate and arrange through the installation hole of the component to be installed, and the collapsible gasket adopts the collapsible gasket according to any one of claims 1-4. When the collapsible gasket is in the folded form, it can pass through the installation hole from the outside of the component to be installed to the inside of the component to be installed. The fastening nut is used to cooperate with the fastening bolt to clamp the component to be installed between the fastening gasket and the collapsible gasket in the unfolded form.

6. The one-sided bolt fastener according to claim 5, wherein, The fastening bolt has: A screw part, which is used to penetrate and arrange through the installation hole of the component to be installed, and the collapsible gasket, the fastening gasket and the fastening nut are sleeved on the screw part; and A positioning part, which is arranged on the screw part in a manner that can adjust its position in the axial direction. The positioning part is used to limit the length of the screw part extending into the inside of the component to be installed. The positioning part is also used to cooperate with the fastening nut to clamp the component to be installed between the collapsible gasket and the fastening gasket.

7. The single-sided bolt fastener according to claim 6, wherein The positioning part is a sleeve structure with a preset length in the axial direction, and the positioning part is threadedly sleeved on the screw part.

8. The single-sided bolt fastener according to claim 5, wherein Both of the two gasket monomers on one side of the foldable gasket adjacent to the component to be installed are provided with convex structures, and the convex structures are used to extend into the installation holes of the component to be installed so as to position the foldable gasket on the component to be installed.

9. The single-sided bolt fastener according to claim 8, wherein When the foldable gasket is in the unfolded state, the convex structures of the two gasket monomers enclose to form an annular boss; the outer diameter of the annular boss is equal to the diameter of the installation hole of the component to be installed so that when the annular boss extends into the installation hole, it can abut against the hole wall of the installation hole.

10. The single-sided bolt fastener according to claim 5, characterized in that, It further includes a limit sleeve which is sleeved on the fastening bolt and is located between the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket; the limit sleeve is used to be inserted into the installation hole of the component to be installed so that when the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket clamp the component to be installed, both ends of the limit sleeve can respectively abut against the foldable gasket and the fastening gasket; and / or one end of the fastening bolt located outside the component to be installed is provided with a connection structure which is used to detachably connect an installation tool.

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