Combustion chamber mild mixing head, gas turbine combustion chamber and gas turbine

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and provides a combustion chamber micro-mixing head, a gas turbine combustion chamber and a gas turbine. The combustion chamber micro-mixing head comprises: a honeycomb unit, a vortex generator and an injection channel, wherein a plurality of honeycomb holes are arranged in the honeycomb unit, and the honeycomb holes extend along the thickness of the honeycomb unit to form a flow channel in the honeycomb unit, and injection holes for injecting hydrogen are arranged on the side wall of the flow channel, and by arranging a vortex generator in the flow channel in the honeycomb hole, the disturbance of air in all directions is increased, and a flow vortex along the way is generated, and the air flow rate is reduced, so that hydrogen is dispersed into the air very quickly along the entire cross section, thereby reducing the emission of NOx of micro-mixing combustion, and at the same time preventing the problem of hydrogen flashback, enhancing the safety and service life of hydrogen combustion, and reducing carbon emissions and carbon management costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gas turbines, and in particular to a mild mixing head of a combustion chamber, a gas turbine combustion chamber and a gas turbine. Background Art

[0002] In response to the increasingly serious problem of global warming, low carbon emissions have become a primary environmental protection goal worldwide. Conventional jet fuel, with its high carbon content, cannot meet this need. Hydrogen, a new green energy source, reacts with oxygen to form water or water vapor. It offers advantages such as wide combustion range, high calorific value, and zero carbon emissions, making it a fuel with great development potential.

[0003] Hydrogen has the characteristics of low density, fast combustion speed and high flame temperature. Traditional aviation kerosene low-pollution emission combustion chambers often use swirl premixed combustion organization method. If hydrogen is burned directly, it will cause problems of backfire and high NOx emissions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] A first aspect of the present invention provides a micro-mix head for a combustion chamber to address the defect in the prior art that conventional low-pollution emission combustion chambers cannot achieve safe, stable and efficient combustion of hydrogen, thereby reducing NOx emissions from micro-mix combustion.

[0005] A second aspect of the present invention provides a gas turbine combustor.

[0006] A third aspect of the present invention provides a gas turbine.

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a mild-mix head for a combustion chamber, comprising:

[0008] A honeycomb unit, wherein the array is provided with a plurality of honeycomb holes, wherein the plurality of honeycomb holes extend along the thickness of the honeycomb unit to form a flow channel in the honeycomb unit, wherein air flows from upstream to downstream in the flow direction in the flow channel; and injection holes are symmetrically provided on the sidewall of each of the flow channels;

[0009] an injection channel connected to the injection hole, adapted to provide hydrogen into the flow channel for mixing with air;

[0010] The vortex generator is correspondingly arranged in each of the flow channels and is close to the outlet of the corresponding flow channel. When air flows through the vortex generator as the main jet, a stream vortex is formed downstream of the main jet to increase the tangential velocity of the main jet, accelerate the axial velocity decay and form a strongly turbulent stirring and mixing zone, thereby enhancing the momentum, heat and mass exchange between the hydrogen and the main jet, so that the hydrogen and the main jet are mixed at the stream vortex while flowing downstream, so that the hydrogen concentration in the mainstream air is evenly distributed.

[0011] According to the mild mixing head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the vortex generator has a first slope surface and a second slope surface arranged opposite to each other;

[0012] The heights of the first slope surface and the second slope surface gradually increase from the inlet to the outlet of the flow channel, and the height range of the first slope surface and the second slope surface at the outlet of the flow channel is 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0013] According to the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the slope β of the adjacent surface between the first slope surface and the second slope surface ranges from 30° to 60°.

[0014] According to the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the sweep angle γ of the first slope surface and the second slope surface is in the range of 15° to 30°.

[0015] According to the mild-mix head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the distance L between the injection hole and the end surface of the outlet end of the flow channel ranges from 0.3 mm to 2 mm.

[0016] According to the mild-mix head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the diameter of the injection hole is 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0017] According to the mild-mix head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the injection channel has a first end and a second end along the length direction, and the first end is connected to the injection port;

[0018] The inner diameter of the injection channel gradually decreases from the first end to the second end;

[0019] Alternatively, the inner diameter of the injection channel gradually increases from the first end to the second end;

[0020] Alternatively, the inner diameter of the injection channel remains unchanged from the first end to the second end.

[0021] According to the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention, the height h of the honeycomb holes ranges from 5 mm to 15 mm;

[0022] The honeycomb hole has six hole walls connected in sequence. The vortex generator is arranged on any one of the hole walls. The vertical angle between two adjacent hole walls is 120°.

[0023] The micro-mixing head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention is provided with an injection hole and a vortex generator in the honeycomb hole in the micro-mixing head of the combustion chamber. When the micro-mixing head of the combustion chamber is in operation, air is supplied from the upstream of the honeycomb hole and flows downstream through the flow channel in the honeycomb unit. When the air passes through the vortex generator, a flow vortex is formed downstream of the main air jet to increase the tangential velocity of the main jet, accelerate the decay of the axial velocity of the main jet and form a strongly turbulent stirring and mixing zone. At the same time, hydrogen is injected from the injection hole into the flow channel to mix with the air, thereby enhancing the momentum, heat and mass exchange between the hydrogen and the main jet, so that the hydrogen and the main jet are mixed at the flow vortex while flowing downstream, so that the hydrogen concentration in the mainstream air is evenly distributed. This effectively enhances the diffusion and mixing of hydrogen in the high-speed air jet, thereby reducing the flame temperature and NOx emissions of the combustion chamber. At the same time, it can prevent the problem of hydrogen flashback, enhance the safety and service life of hydrogen combustion, and reduce carbon emissions and carbon management costs.

[0024] A second aspect of the present invention provides a gas turbine combustion chamber, comprising a casing wall having a revolution shape, and the above-mentioned mild mixing head of the combustion chamber, wherein the mild mixing head is provided on the casing wall.

[0025] The gas turbine combustor provided in the second aspect of the present invention has all the above advantages because it includes the mild mixing head of the combustor.

[0026] A third aspect of the present invention provides a gas turbine comprising the mild mixing head of the above-mentioned combustion chamber, or comprising the above-mentioned gas turbine combustion chamber.

[0027] The gas turbine provided in the third aspect of the present invention has all the above advantages because it includes the mild mixing head of the combustion chamber or the gas turbine combustion chamber. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, a brief introduction is given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is one of the structural diagrams of the mild-mix head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 AA sectional view of the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a BB cross-sectional view of the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is one of the air flow principle diagrams of the mild mixing head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is the second principle diagram of the air flow of the mild-mix head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is one of the dimension drawings of the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is the second dimensional drawing of the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is the third dimension diagram of the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is the fourth dimension drawing of the mild hybrid head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention;

[0038] Reference numerals:

[0039] 1. Honeycomb unit; 2. Vortex generator; 3. Injection channel; 4. Injection hole;

[0040] 5. Honeycomb hole; 6. Stream vortex; 7. Flow channel; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0043] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0044] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0045] The following combination Figures 1 to 9 It should be understood that the following description is merely an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0046] Traditional low-emission jet fuel combustors often utilize a swirl premixing combustion mechanism, which is incapable of achieving safe, stable, and efficient hydrogen combustion. Due to its low density, hydrogen struggles to diffuse in air. Simply using a transverse jet injection method to enhance hydrogen mixing is limited, resulting in locally high equivalence ratios within the flame, hotspots, and elevated NOx emissions. Therefore, combustors with traditional swirl premixing structures are no longer suitable for hydrogen combustion, and diffusion combustion is preferred. Furthermore, to shorten residence time, the flame size must be reduced, employing multi-porous and micro-porous injection.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown in FIG. 1 , as an embodiment of the present invention, a first aspect of the present invention provides a mild mixing head for a combustion chamber, comprising a honeycomb unit 1, a vortex generator 2, and an injection channel 3. The vortex generator 2 is installed in the honeycomb unit 1, an injection hole 4 is provided on the inner wall of the honeycomb unit 1, and the injection channel 3 is connected to the injection hole 4.

[0048] Specifically, if Figures 1 to 5As shown, a plurality of honeycomb cells 5 are arranged in an array within the honeycomb unit 1. The honeycomb cells 5 extend along the thickness of the honeycomb unit 1 to form flow channels 7 within the honeycomb unit 1. Air flows from upstream to downstream within the flow channels 7. Injection holes 4 are symmetrically arranged on the sidewalls of each flow channel 7. Injection channels 3 are connected to the injection holes 4 and are suitable for supplying hydrogen through the injection holes 4 into the flow channels 7 for mixing with the air.

[0049] A vortex generator 2 is provided in each flow channel 7, and the vortex generator 2 is provided near the outlet of the corresponding flow channel 7. When air flows through the vortex generator 2 as the main jet, a flow vortex 6 is formed downstream of the main jet to increase the tangential velocity of the main jet, accelerate the attenuation of the axial velocity of the main jet and form a strongly turbulent stirring and mixing zone, thereby enhancing the momentum, heat and mass exchange between the hydrogen and the main jet, so that the hydrogen and the main jet are mixed at the flow vortex 6 while flowing downstream, so that the hydrogen concentration in the mainstream air is evenly distributed.

[0050] As can be understood, the present invention addresses the inability of existing traditional low-pollution combustion chambers to achieve safe, stable, and efficient hydrogen combustion. The present invention provides a micro-mixing head for the combustion chamber. By disposing injection holes 4 and vortex generators 2 within the honeycomb cells 5 within the micro-mixing head, during operation, air is introduced upstream of the honeycomb cells 5 and flows downstream through flow channels 7 within the honeycomb cells 1. As the air passes through the vortex generators 2, a directional vortex 6 forms downstream of the main air jet, increasing the tangential velocity of the main jet, accelerating the decay of the axial velocity of the main jet, and forming a highly turbulent mixing zone. Simultaneously, hydrogen is injected from the injection holes 4 into the flow channel 7 to mix with the air, thereby enhancing momentum, heat, and mass exchange between the hydrogen and the main jet. The hydrogen and the main jet mix in the directional vortex 6 as they flow downstream, resulting in a uniform hydrogen concentration distribution in the mainstream air. This effectively enhances the diffusion and mixing of hydrogen in the high-speed air jet, thereby reducing the flame temperature and NOx emissions in the combustion chamber.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the vortex generator 2 has a first slope and a second slope that are arranged opposite to each other. The second slope has the same structure as the first slope.

[0052] The heights of the first slope and the second slope gradually increase from the inlet to the outlet of the flow channel 7 , and the height range H of the first slope and the second slope at the outlet of the flow channel 7 is 2 mm to 5 mm.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the slope β of the adjacent surface of the first slope surface and the second slope surface ranges from 30° to 60°.

[0054] Among them, the slope of the adjacent surface of the first slope surface and the second slope surface is the angle between the projection surface of the adjacent surface formed by the first slope surface and the second slope surface on the wall surface of the flow channel 7. The shape of the projection surface of the adjacent surface on the wall surface is a right triangle, and the angle is the angle between the chord and the leg of the right triangle.

[0055] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the sweep angle γ of the first slope surface and the second slope surface ranges from 15° to 30°.

[0056] Among them, the sweep angle of the first slope surface is the angle of the projection surface of the first slope surface on the wall surface of the flow channel 7. The shape of the projection surface is a right triangle. The angle is the angle between the chord and the leg of the right triangle. The second slope surface has the same structural form as the first slope surface.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the distance L between the injection hole 4 and the end surface of the outlet end of the flow channel 7 is in the range of 0.3 mm to 2 mm.

[0058] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the injection hole 4 is 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

[0059] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the injection channel 3 has a first end and a second end along the length direction, wherein the first end is connected to the injection port.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner diameter of the injection channel 3 may gradually decrease. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the inner diameter of the injection channel 3 may gradually increase from the first end to the second end. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the inner diameter of the injection channel 3 may remain constant from the first end to the second end. Any inner diameter structure that can transport hydrogen into the honeycomb cells 5 is acceptable.

[0061] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the height h1 of the honeycomb hole 5 ranges from 5 mm to 15 mm;

[0062] The honeycomb cell 5 has six cell walls connected in sequence. The vortex generator 2 can be arranged on any cell wall. The vertical angle θ between two adjacent cell walls is 120°.

[0063] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the honeycomb hole 5 is hexagonal. In other embodiments, the honeycomb hole 5 can also be circular, quadrilateral, triangular, elliptical, racetrack-shaped, arched, etc., as long as the shape of the honeycomb hole 5 can allow air to pass through and can generate flow vortices 6 along the longitudinal and axial sections after the air passes through the vortex generator 2.

[0064] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the shape of the injection hole 4 is circular. In other embodiments, the injection hole 4 can also be elliptical, arched, runway-shaped, triangular, etc., as long as it can spray hydrogen and form a high-speed hydrogen flow.

[0065] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the vortex generator 2 is wedge-shaped. In other embodiments of the present invention, the vortex generator 2 may also be triangular-slope, vane-shaped, or fishbone-shaped. Any vortex generator 2 that can change the air flow velocity and generate directional vortices 6 along the longitudinal and axial cross-sections at the rear end of the honeycomb holes 5, thereby generating a secondary flow, is acceptable.

[0066] like Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the number n of the injection holes 4 ranges from 2 to 12. The number of the injection holes 4 can be changed according to the required amount of hydrogen, and the injection holes 4 can be distributed on the six inner walls of the honeycomb unit 1. For example, when the number of the injection holes 4 is two, the injection holes 4 can be installed on one inner wall of the honeycomb unit 1, or respectively on two inner walls of the honeycomb unit 1.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the honeycomb units 1 may be arranged in a square shape. In other embodiments, the honeycomb units 1 may also be arranged in a hexagonal shape or a rectangular shape.

[0068] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, when the micro-mixing head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention is in operation, air is supplied from the upstream of the honeycomb holes 5 and flows downstream through the flow channel 7 within the honeycomb unit 1. When the air passes through the vortex generator 2, a flow vortex 6 is formed downstream of the main air jet, which increases the tangential velocity of the main jet, accelerates the decay of the main jet's axial velocity, and forms a highly turbulent stirring and mixing zone. At the same time, hydrogen is injected from the injection hole 4 into the flow channel 7 to mix with the air, thereby enhancing the momentum, heat, and mass exchange between the hydrogen and the main jet. The hydrogen and the main jet are mixed at the flow vortex 6 while flowing downstream, making the hydrogen concentration in the mainstream air uniform. This effectively enhances the diffusion and mixing of hydrogen in the high-speed air jet, thereby reducing the flame temperature and NOx emissions in the combustion chamber.

[0069] The micro-mixing head of the combustion chamber provided by the present invention can be formed into different micro-mixing head structures based on the arrangement and spacing of the honeycomb cells 1, the shape of the honeycomb holes 5, the position and size of the hydrogen injection holes 4, and the shape of the vortex generators 2. By locating both the vortex generators 2 and the hydrogen injection holes 4 within the honeycomb cells 1 of the burner head, the diffusion capacity of hydrogen in the high-speed air jet is more effectively enhanced. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention can significantly reduce flame temperature and NOx emissions, while preventing hydrogen flashback, enhancing the safety and service life of hydrogen combustion, and reducing carbon emissions and carbon management costs.

[0070] The gas turbine combustor provided in the second aspect of the present invention has all the above advantages because it includes the mild mixing head of the combustor.

[0071] The gas turbine provided in the third aspect of the present invention has all the above advantages because it includes the mild mixing head of the combustion chamber or the gas turbine combustion chamber.

[0072] It should be noted that the technical solutions in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but the basis for the mutual combination is that it can be implemented by ordinary technicians in this field; when the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist, that is, it does not fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mild mixing head of a combustion chamber, characterized in that: include: A honeycomb unit, wherein the array is provided with a plurality of honeycomb holes, wherein the plurality of honeycomb holes extend along the thickness of the honeycomb unit to form a flow channel in the honeycomb unit, wherein air flows from upstream to downstream in a flow direction in the flow channel; Injection holes are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of each of the flow channels; an injection channel connected to the injection hole and adapted to provide hydrogen into the flow channel for mixing with air; A vortex generator is correspondingly arranged in each of the flow channels and close to the outlet of the corresponding flow channel. When air flows through the vortex generator as a main jet, a stream vortex is formed downstream of the main jet to increase the tangential velocity of the main jet, accelerate the decay of the axial velocity and form a strong turbulent stirring and mixing zone, thereby enhancing the momentum, heat and mass exchange between hydrogen and the main jet, so that the hydrogen and the main jet are mixed at the stream vortex while flowing downstream, so that the hydrogen concentration in the mainstream air is evenly distributed; Wherein, the vortex generator has a first slope surface and a second slope surface which are arranged opposite to each other; The heights of the first slope surface and the second slope surface gradually increase from the inlet to the outlet of the flow channel, and the heights of the first slope surface and the second slope surface at the outlet of the flow channel range from 2 mm to 5 mm. The distance L between the position of the injection hole and the end face of the outlet end of the flow channel ranges from 0.3 mm to 2 mm. The injection hole is located on both sides of the vortex generator, and the injection hole is located above the first slope surface and the second slope surface.

2. The mild mixing head of the combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope β of the adjacent surface between the first slope surface and the second slope surface ranges from 30° to 60°.

3. The mild mixing head of the combustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sweep angle γ of the first slope surface and the second slope surface ranges from 15° to 30°.

4. The mild mixing head of the combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the injection hole is 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm.

5. The mild mixing head of the combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The injection channel has a first end and a second end along the length direction, and the first end is connected to the injection hole; The inner diameter of the injection channel gradually decreases from the first end to the second end; Alternatively, the inner diameter of the injection channel gradually increases from the first end to the second end; Alternatively, the inner diameter of the injection channel remains unchanged from the first end to the second end.

6. The mild mixing head of the combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The height h of the honeycomb holes ranges from 5 mm to 15 mm; The honeycomb hole has six hole walls connected in sequence, the vortex generator is arranged on any one of the hole walls, and the vertical angle between two adjacent hole walls is 120°.

7. A gas turbine combustion chamber, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell wall having a rotational shape, and a mild mixing head of a combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mild mixing head is arranged on the shell wall.

8. A gas turbine, characterized in that: A mild mixing head comprising the combustion chamber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, or a gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 7.

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