A method for significantly reducing the hazards of blasting vibration

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for significantly reducing the harm of blasting vibration. The method comprises the following steps: an outermost waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is arranged in a groove (6); a flexible energy-absorbing layer (2), a hollow microsphere discrete layer (3), and an air bag layer (4) are arranged in the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) in the direction from the explosion zone to the protected building / structure (5); a blast hole (8) is arranged on a step (7) according to the designed blasting hole network parameters; drilling, charging, and detonation network inspection are completed, and detonation in the explosion zone is performed; finally, analysis and evaluation of the blasting vibration reduction effect are carried out. The invention can achieve the purpose of layer-by-layer filtering of the explosion vibration wave through the combined action of each layer, weaken the energy and vibration amplitude of the explosion vibration wave, effectively reduce the propagation distance and harm of the explosion vibration wave, protect the safety of rock and soil slopes, buildings (structures), etc. around the explosion zone, and can be widely used in engineering blasting fields such as open-pit mines, underground mines, and rock and soil blasting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of blasting vibration control, and in particular relates to a method for reducing the hazards of blasting vibration. The method can be widely used in engineering blasting fields such as open-pit mines, underground mines, and rock and soil blasting, and can effectively reduce the hazards of blasting vibration. Background Art

[0002] Vibration is one of the major unavoidable hazards of engineering blasting. When explosives explode in rock and soil, a portion of the energy released propagates and transforms outward through the rock and soil in the form of seismic waves, causing vibrations in nearby structures. When these vibrations reach sufficient intensity, they can cause cracking in the foundations of buildings, landslides, and uneven settlement, leading to loss of stability and bearing capacity. This not only significantly negatively impacts the structural stability and safety of buildings and structures surrounding the blast zone, but can also easily trigger instability and landslides on open-pit slopes (especially high and steep slopes), posing a serious threat to the safety of workers and equipment below. Therefore, controlling the hazards of blasting vibration is a critical technical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed. Reducing the harmful effects of blasting vibration by controlling the propagation of blasting vibration waves is crucial for protecting the safety of buildings and structures. Therefore, research on relevant aspects of blasting vibration is particularly important for controlling the hazards of blasting vibration.

[0003] Currently, blasting vibration control typically focuses on controlling the magnitude of blasting vibration from the blasting source (blasting area). These efforts include reducing the blasting charge and detonation scale, optimizing blasting parameters, and selecting appropriate delay intervals and detonation networks. These efforts effectively mitigate the harmful effects of blasting vibration. However, as the blasting vibration waves propagate outward, they inevitably have a significant impact on protected objects along their path. For open-pit blasting, pre-splitting blasting is typically used to create a pre-crack along the blasting vibration wave propagation path to reduce the propagation of the blasting vibration wave. However, in areas with rock fissures and well-developed water systems, the vibration-reducing effect of the pre-crack is significantly reduced when water intrudes into the pre-crack.

[0004] To investigate the impact of blasting vibration on structures near the blast zone, the Journal of North China University of Science and Technology published a paper titled "Study on the Impact of Blasting Vibration on Structures" in the first issue of 2019. Based on a specific earthwork blasting project in Guizhou, the paper measured the blasting vibration velocity and dominant frequency. Theoretical analysis revealed a relationship between the vertical vibration velocity and the maximum charge size, which was used to guide blasting design and ensure the safety of structures near the blast zone. However, the technical solution investigated in the paper failed to incorporate vibration wave absorption, dispersion, or isolation measures, making it difficult to effectively control the propagation and potential damage of blasting vibration waves.

[0005] As we all know, blasting vibration waves have a rich and continuous frequency spectrum, encompassing all blasting vibration frequency components. Rock mass has a certain damping effect on blasting vibration waves. Therefore, implementing effective isolation and control technologies along the blasting vibration wave propagation path can block vibration waves within a certain frequency range, effectively intercepting the vibration waves and improving the filtering effect of the blasting vibration waves. This can also reduce the blasting vibration amplitude and mitigate the damage to the protected objects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to block the propagation of blasting vibration waves from the propagation path, effectively control the hazards of blasting vibration, and provide a method for significantly reducing the hazards of blasting vibration.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention, a method for significantly reducing the harm of blasting vibration is implemented by the following steps:

[0008] 1) Trench construction: Between the protected object - building / structure and the blasting area, trench excavation work is carried out by mechanical excavation / manual excavation, or a combination of the two methods.

[0009] 2) Layout of rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure: First, the outermost waterproof and anti-corrosion layer is laid in the trench. The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer is a box-shaped structure with a closed bottom and four sides and an open top to facilitate construction; within the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, a flexible energy-absorbing layer, a hollow microsphere discrete layer, and an air bag layer are laid out in the direction from the self-detonation zone to the protected object - the building / structure; after the flexible energy-absorbing layer, the hollow microsphere discrete layer, and the air bag layer are laid out, the upper part of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer is sealed to form a closed water-proof environment.

[0010] Assume that the thickness of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer is b0, the width of the flexible energy-absorbing layer is b1, the width of the hollow microsphere discrete layer is b2, the width of the air bag layer is b3, and the width of the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure is B1, then: B1 = 2×b0 + b1 + b2 + b3.

[0011] The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer adopts a waterproof and anti-corrosion film; the flexible energy-consuming layer adopts a porous low-density dielectric material; the hollow microsphere discrete layer is composed of a particle size of 0.05mm to 2mm and a density of 0.1 to 0.6g / cm 3 The air bag layer is composed of single sealed air bags filled with air and connected to each other to form an overall sealed air layer structure.

[0012] 3) Drilling and blasting operations: In the blasting operation area, arrange the blast holes on the steps according to the designed blasting hole network parameters, complete the drilling, charging, and detonation network inspection, and detonate the blasting area.

[0013] 4) Analysis and evaluation of blasting vibration reduction effect: Blasting vibration monitors are deployed on one side of the protected object (building / structure) at the same distance from the blasting area to carry out on-site monitoring of blasting vibration velocity and blasting vibration acceleration, and a comparative analysis of the vibration reduction effect with and without the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure is conducted to analyze and evaluate the blasting vibration reduction effect.

[0014] Based on site conditions, the trench width (B0) should be ≥ the required width (B1) for the rock blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure. The excess width will be backfilled with loose structural materials such as slag, crushed slag, and gravel. On-site operations should be guided by engineering and technical personnel to ensure safety.

[0015] Generally, the trench is arranged within a range of 5 to 15 meters from the protected object - building / structure.

[0016] Furthermore, the thickness b0 of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer is 1 to 2 mm, and the layer is made of high-performance materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polyisobutylene or polyurethane.

[0017] Furthermore, the width b1 of the flexible energy dissipation layer is 20-25 cm, and the flexible energy dissipation layer is a foam board or sponge-like porous low-density dielectric material.

[0018] Furthermore, the width b2 of the hollow microsphere discrete layer is 10-12 cm. The hollow microsphere discrete layer is laid from bottom to top within the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, with each layer being 15-20 cm thick, and is laid layer by layer until the paving is complete. It should be noted that the paving should be smooth to avoid being stepped on or run over by vehicles.

[0019] Furthermore, the width b3 of the air bag layer is 5 to 10 cm, the single sealed air bag is any one of square, rectangle, diamond or circle, and the side length b or diameter d of the single sealed air bag is 10 to 20 cm.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the groove width B0 is 0.5 to 0.8 m, and the groove depth H0 is ≤ the air bag layer height H1.

[0021] Assume that the outer length of the protected object - building / structure is L2, the foundation burial depth is H2, the trench length is L0, and the trench depth is H0, then: L0 = L2 + 2 (0.5 ~ 1.0m), H0 = H2 + (0.4 ~ 0.6m).

[0022] Assuming the length of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is L1, then: L1 = L0-2 (10-20 cm); L1 = L2+2 (0.5-1.0 m).

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the method for significantly reducing the hazards of blasting vibrations of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] (1) The research and test results show that the method of the present invention can effectively weaken the energy of blasting vibration waves, reduce the secondary hazards induced by blasting vibration, protect the structural safety of buildings (structures) around the blasting area, and effectively avoid civil disputes caused by blasting vibration disturbing the public; it can effectively block the propagation of blasting vibration waves, reduce the impact of blasting vibration on open-air slopes, maintain the safety and stability of slopes (especially high and steep slopes), and provide important protection for the safety of production workers and equipment under the slopes.

[0025] (2) By setting up a waterproof and anti-corrosion layer, it is possible to prevent the infiltration of external water and affect the vibration damping effect. It is also possible to prevent groundwater, rock fissure water, atmospheric precipitation, surface water, etc. from infiltrating into the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure, thereby eliminating the adverse effects of water on the vibration reduction effect, affecting the barrier and vibration reduction effect of the blasting vibration wave, and improving the quality of vibration reduction and damage control.

[0026] (3) The flexible energy-absorbing layer can not only fully play the role of the buffer layer, but also convert the mechanical energy of the blasting vibration wave into the internal energy of the flexible material such as displacement, deformation, friction, and heat, thereby absorbing and dissipating the energy of the blasting vibration wave, weakening the energy and vibration amplitude of the blasting vibration wave, and reducing the blasting vibration hazards.

[0027] (4) The hollow microsphere discrete layer can produce dispersion, reflection, and refraction effects on the passing blasting vibration waves by virtue of the large number of spherical walls and gaps between the particles under the hollow structure of the hollow glass microspheres (with air or vacuum inside), changing the propagation direction of the vibration waves. At the same time, the blasting vibration waves cause the hollow glass microspheres to move and slide, and generate heat due to mutual friction, converting the mechanical energy of the blasting vibration waves into thermal energy, internal energy, deformation energy, etc. of the dielectric material, which can effectively consume the energy of the vibration waves and further block the propagation of the blasting vibration waves.

[0028] (5) The existence of sealed air in the air bag layer forms an air barrier of a certain width and range, which can accelerate the attenuation rate of the blasting vibration wave and reduce the propagation distance and harm of the vibration wave.

[0029] (6) Combined with blasting vibration control measures such as charge control in the blasting area and optimization of hole network parameters, coordinated control of blasting vibration at the blasting source and the propagation path of the blasting vibration wave can be achieved.

[0030] (7) The present invention has a simple structure and is easy to use. It is easy for on-site operators to master it and has high on-site construction efficiency. The materials used have low density, light texture, and are easy to carry. The construction labor intensity is low, and the materials are widely available, inexpensive, and have low operating costs.

[0031] (8) Field tests have shown that the present invention can absorb, disperse and isolate vibration waves in a layered barrier structure for rock and soil blasting vibration waves, control the propagation and harm of blasting vibration waves, reduce the blasting vibration velocity by more than 70%, and better protect the structural safety of rock and soil slopes, houses, factories and other buildings (structures) around the blasting area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic top view of a layered rock and soil blasting vibration wave barrier structure designed for the method of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of a layered barrier structure for rock and soil blasting vibration waves designed for the method of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic top view of the air bag layer used in the present invention.

[0035] The figures are marked as follows: 1-waterproof and anti-corrosion layer; 2-flexible energy-absorbing layer; 3-hollow microsphere discrete layer; 4-air bag layer; 5-building / structure; 6-groove; 7-step; 8-blast hole; 9-single sealed air bag. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] To describe the present invention, a method for significantly reducing the hazards of blasting vibration according to the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] The embodiment of the method of the present invention was tested and verified in an open pit mine. The protected object - building / structure 5 is a residential building in a village near the blasting area.

[0038] Depend on Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the top view of the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure designed by the method of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 It can be seen that a method for significantly reducing the harm of blasting vibration is implemented by the following steps:

[0039] 1) Trench Construction: Between the protected building / structure 5 and the blasting area, trench 6 is excavated using mechanical excavation, manual excavation, or a combination of both methods. Trench 6 is located 5 to 15 meters from the protected building / structure 5. Based on site conditions, trench 6 width B0 must be ≥ width B1 required for the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure. Excess width will be backfilled with loose structural materials such as slag, crushed slag, and gravel.

[0040] 2) Layout of rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure: First, the outermost waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 is laid out in the groove 6. The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 is a box-shaped structure with a closed bottom and four sides and an open top; in the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1, a flexible energy-absorbing layer 2, a hollow microsphere discrete layer 3, and an air bag layer 4 are laid out in the direction from the self-detonation zone to the protected object - building / structure 5; after the flexible energy-absorbing layer 2, the hollow microsphere discrete layer 3, and the air bag layer 4 are laid out, the upper part of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 is sealed to form a closed water-proof environment.

[0041] Assume that the thickness of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 is b0, the width of the flexible energy-absorbing layer 2 is b1, the width of the hollow microsphere discrete layer 3 is b2, the width of the air bag layer 4 is b3, and the width of the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure is B1, then: B1 = 2×b0 + b1 + b2 + b3.

[0042] The thickness b0 of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 is 1 to 2 mm. The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 adopts a waterproof and anti-corrosion film, and is made of high-performance materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polyisobutylene or polyurethane. The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 is used to prevent external water from penetrating into the interior of the structure and affecting the barrier effect of the blasting vibration wave. At the same time, the layer has good corrosion resistance, durability and weather resistance, which can improve the applicability of the structure and extend the service life of the present invention.

[0043] The width b1 of the flexible energy dissipation layer 2 is 20 to 25 cm. The flexible energy dissipation layer 2 is made of a porous low-density dielectric material, such as a foam board or a sponge-like porous low-density dielectric material. The mechanical energy of the blasting vibration wave is converted into internal energy of the flexible energy dissipation layer 2 through material displacement, deformation, friction, and heat generation of the flexible energy dissipation layer 2, thereby achieving absorption and dissipation of the blasting vibration wave energy.

[0044] The width b2 of the hollow microsphere discrete layer 3 is 10-12 cm, and the hollow microsphere discrete layer 3 is composed of particles with a diameter of 0.05 mm to 2 mm and a density of 0.1-0.6 g / cm 3 The hollow microsphere discrete layer 3 is composed of lightweight hollow glass microspheres. It is laid in layers from bottom to top within the waterproof and anticorrosive layer 1, with each layer maintaining a thickness of 15-20 cm. The layers are laid layer by layer until the entire layer is complete. The numerous spherical walls within the hollow structure of the discrete layer 3 and the gaps between the particles disperse, reflect, and refract the blasting vibration waves, changing their propagation direction. Furthermore, the movement and sliding of the hollow glass microspheres effectively dissipate the energy of the blasting vibration waves.

[0045] The air bag layer 4 is composed of individually sealed air bags 9, each filled with air, connected to each other to form a single, sealed air layer structure. The width b3 of the air bag layer 4 is 5 to 10 cm. The individually sealed air bags 9 are square, rectangular, diamond, or circular in shape, with a side length b or diameter d of 10 to 20 cm.

[0046] 3) Drilling and blasting operations: In the blasting operation area, arrange the blast holes 8 on the step 7 according to the designed blasting hole network parameters, complete the drilling, charging, detonation network inspection, and detonate the blasting area;

[0047] 4) Analysis and evaluation of blasting vibration reduction effect: Blasting vibration monitors are deployed on one side of the protected object - building / structure 5 at the same distance from the blasting area to carry out on-site monitoring of blasting vibration velocity and blasting vibration acceleration, and a comparative analysis of the vibration reduction effect with and without the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure is conducted to analyze and evaluate the blasting vibration reduction effect.

[0048] Depend on Figure 1 and combined Figure 2 The relationship between the trench 6 and the protected building / structure 5 can also be seen. The trench 6 width B0 is 0.5-0.8 m, and the trench 6 depth H0 is ≤ the air pocket layer 4 height H1. Assuming the protected building / structure 5 has an overall length of L2, a foundation depth of H2, a trench 6 length of L0, a trench 6 depth of H0, and a waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 length of L1, then: L0 = L2 + 2 (0.5-1.0 m), H0 = H2 + (0.4-0.6 m), and L1 = L0 - 2 (10-20 cm). The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer 1 length L1 is 30-80 cm longer on both sides than the overall length L2 of the protected building / structure 5. The trench 6 width B0 can be equal to or greater than the required width B1 for the rock blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure. The excess width is then backfilled; the backfill material can be loose structural materials such as slag, crushed slag, and gravel.

[0049] Depend on Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the top view of the air bag layer used in the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 It can be seen that the air bag layer 4 is composed of individual sealed air bags 9 filled with air, which are connected to each other to form an integral sealed air layer structure. The width b3 of the air bag layer 4 is 5 to 10 cm. The individual sealed air bags 9 are any one of square, rectangular, diamond or circular shapes, and the side length b or diameter d of the individual sealed air bags 9 is 10 to 20 cm.

[0050] Field tests have demonstrated that the present invention, through the combined action of each layer, can achieve the goal of layer-by-layer filtering of blasting vibration waves, weakening the energy and amplitude of blasting vibration waves, effectively reducing the propagation distance and harm of blasting vibration waves, and lowering the blasting vibration velocity by more than 70%, effectively protecting the structural safety of rock and soil slopes, residential buildings, factories, and other buildings (structures) surrounding the blasting area. It can be widely used in engineering blasting fields such as open-pit mines, underground mines, and rock and soil blasting.

Claims

1. A method for significantly reducing the hazards of blasting vibration, characterized in that Use the following steps to implement: 1) Trench construction: Between the protected object and the blasting area, mechanical excavation / manual excavation, or a combination of the two methods, is used to excavate the trench (6); the width of the trench (6) B0 = 0.5~0.8m, the depth of the trench (6) H0 ≤ the height of the air bag layer (4) H1; assuming that the outer length of the protected object is L2, the foundation burial depth is H2, the trench (6) length L0, and the trench (6) depth H0, then: L0 = L2 + 2 (0.5~1.0m), H0 = H2 + (0.4~0.6m); 2) Arrangement of rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure: first, the outermost waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is arranged in the groove (6), and the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is a box-shaped structure with a bottom and four sides closed and an upper part open; in the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1), a flexible energy-absorbing layer (2), a hollow microsphere discrete layer (3), and an air bag layer (4) are arranged in the direction of the self-explosion area toward the protected object; after the flexible energy-absorbing layer (2), the hollow microsphere discrete layer (3), and the air bag layer (4) are arranged, the upper part of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is sealed, thereby forming a closed water-proof environment; Assume that the thickness of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is b0, the width of the flexible energy-absorbing layer (2) is b1, the width of the hollow microsphere discrete layer (3) is b2, the width of the air bag layer (4) is b3, and the width of the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure is B1, then: B1=2×b0+b1+b2+b3; The waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is made of a waterproof and anti-corrosion film; the flexible energy-absorbing layer (2) is made of a porous low-density dielectric material; the hollow microsphere discrete layer (3) is composed of lightweight hollow glass microspheres with a particle size of 0.05 mm to 2 mm and a density of 0.1 to 0.6 g / cm³; the air bag layer (4) is composed of single sealed air bags (9) filled with air and connected to each other to form an integral sealed air layer structure; 3) Drilling and blasting operations: In the blasting operation area, arrange the blast holes (8) on the steps (7) according to the designed blasting hole network parameters, complete the drilling, charging, detonation network inspection, and detonate the blasting area; 4) Analysis and evaluation of blasting vibration reduction effect: Blasting vibration monitors are deployed on one side of the protected object at the same distance from the blasting area to carry out on-site monitoring of blasting vibration velocity and blasting vibration acceleration. A comparative analysis of the vibration reduction effect with and without a layered barrier structure for rock and soil blasting vibration waves is conducted to analyze and evaluate the blasting vibration reduction effect.

2. A method for significantly reducing blasting vibration hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the on-site conditions, the width B0 of the trench (6) is ≥ the width B1 required for the rock and soil blasting vibration wave layered barrier structure, and the excess width is finally backfilled, and the backfill material is slag, crushed slag or crushed stone.

3. The method for significantly reducing the hazards of blasting vibration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trench (6) is arranged within a range of 5 to 15 meters from the protected object.

4. The method for significantly reducing blasting vibration hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness b0 of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is 1-2 mm, and the layer is made of high-performance materials such as polyvinyl chloride, polyisobutylene or polyurethane.

5. The method for significantly reducing blasting vibration hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width b1 of the flexible energy-consuming layer (2) is 20-25 cm and is a foam board or sponge.

6. The method for significantly reducing blasting vibration hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width b2 of the hollow microsphere discrete layer (3) is 10-12 cm. The hollow microsphere discrete layer (3) is laid in layers from bottom to top in the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1). The thickness of each layer is controlled at 15-20 cm, and the layers are laid layer by layer until the paving is completed.

7. The method for significantly reducing blasting vibration hazards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width b3 of the air bag layer (4) is 5 to 10 cm, the single sealed air bag (9) is any one of a square, a rectangle, a diamond or a circle, and the side length b or the diameter d of the single sealed air bag (9) is 10 to 20 cm.

8. The method for significantly reducing blasting vibration hazards according to claim 7, characterized in that: Assuming the length of the waterproof and anti-corrosion layer (1) is L1, then: L1 = L0-2 (10~20cm); L1 = L2+2 (0.5~1.0m).

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