Tunnel excavation smooth blasting method

Abstract

The present application relates to a smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation, belonging to the technical field of smooth blasting, and includes the following construction steps: A. Drilling charging holes; B. Charging, installing a plurality of explosive packages on the charging mechanism so as to form an air inlet space for air to enter and fill between adjacent two explosive packages and between the explosive package and the charging hole; C. Sealing, plugging the charging hole with stemming; D. Wiring, keeping the lengths of the secondary leads of each explosive package consistent and connecting them to the main lead to form a connected state; E. Initiating. The present application positions the explosive packages through the charging mechanism, thereby increasing the decoupling coefficient; the lengths of the secondary leads are kept consistent, thereby increasing the synchronization rate when the explosive packages are initiated, improving the blasting effect, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the construction cost at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of electrostatic precipitators, and in particular to the smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation. Background Art

[0002] The smooth blasting technology for tunnels such as highways and railways has been relatively mature, especially for large-section tunnels. However, the blasting parameters for small-section tunnels (hereinafter referred to as tunnels) are quite different from those of large-section tunnels and cannot be directly applied. During tunnel construction, short blasting footage and high explosive consumption have always been the key difficulties in small-section tunnel construction. The cut method, adjustment of cut angle, and optimization of blasthole layout are all very difficult to control.

[0003] During the blasting process, the decoupling coefficient and the synchronization rate of explosive initiation are both closely related to the blasting effect. Their coordination should not only ensure the half-hole rate but also use as little explosive as possible to improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs at the same time. This is also an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve construction efficiency and reduce construction costs at the same time, this application provides a smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation.

[0005] The smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation provided by this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation includes the following construction steps:

[0007] A. Open charging holes, drill the blasting area to obtain multiple charging holes;

[0008] B. Charge, install multiple explosive packages on the charging mechanism so that there is a spacing between adjacent explosive packages; then install the charging mechanism into the charging hole so that there is a spacing between the explosive package and the charging hole, thereby forming an air intake space for air to enter and fill between adjacent explosive packages and between the explosive package and the charging hole;

[0009] C. Seal, plug the charging hole with stemming, and at the same time, the stemming presses against the charging mechanism for positioning;

[0010] D. Connect the wires, keep the length of the secondary leads of each explosive package the same and connect them to the main lead to form a connected state;

[0011] E. Initiate, start the blasting.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, first, the blasting area is drilled to obtain charging holes. At the same time, multiple explosive packages are fixedly installed on the charging mechanism, so that the adjacent two explosive packages maintain a certain distance. After the drilling is completed, the charging mechanism is placed into the charging holes, so that the multiple explosive packages maintain a certain distance from the side wall of the charging holes, and air columns are formed by filling air between the adjacent two explosive packages and between the explosive packages and the charging holes. Then, the charging holes are blocked with stemming clay. Next, the secondary leads of the multiple explosive packages are connected to the main lead to form a connected state. Finally, the multiple explosive packages are detonated simultaneously by starting.

[0013] The charging mechanism positions the explosive packages, thereby increasing the decoupling coefficient; the stemming clay presses against the charging mechanism for positioning, improving the stability of the charging mechanism, improving the accuracy of the positions of the explosive packages and the stemming clay, so the blasting effect is improved. At the same time, the convenience during blocking the charging holes is also improved. Moreover, the lengths of the secondary leads are kept consistent, thereby increasing the synchronization rate when the explosive packages are detonated, improving the blasting effect. Therefore, the blasting effect can be achieved with as little explosive as possible, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the construction cost at the same time.

[0014] Optionally, a connection lead communicating with the main lead is wound on the charging mechanism through a winding assembly. When installing the explosive packages, the secondary leads are installed on the charging mechanism and communicated with the connection lead; when connecting the leads in step D, the multiple connection leads are adjusted to appropriate lengths and then connected to the main lead to form a connected state.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, when installing the explosive packages, the secondary leads are installed on the charging mechanism at the same time, and then the multiple secondary leads are connected to the connection lead to form a connected state. When connecting the leads, the connection lead is pulled to an appropriate length and then connected to the main lead to form a connected state. Therefore, the detonation synchronization rate is increased, and at the same time, the convenience during connecting the leads is further improved, and the construction efficiency is improved.

[0016] At the same time, because the lengths of the secondary leads are the same, and the electric signal detonates the explosive packages after passing through the main lead, the connection lead and the secondary leads, the synchronization rate of the explosive is increased while meeting the convenience of wiring; moreover, the distances between each charging hole and the main lead are different. Therefore, the appropriate length can be adjusted through the wound connection lead to adapt to different distances, reducing the probability of the connection leads being disordered, improving the convenience during connecting the leads, and improving the construction efficiency.

[0017] Optionally, the charging mechanism includes:

[0018] A fixed disk, which is placed at the bottom of the charging hole and abuts against the charging hole for positioning;

[0019] A connecting rod, which is arranged on the fixed disk, and multiple explosive packages are all installed on the connecting rod through connecting components;

[0020] The filling plate is arranged on the connecting rod and abuts against the orifice of the charging hole, and the stemming is pressed against the filling plate for positioning.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the medicine package is installed on the connecting rod through the connecting component. After the installation is completed, the fixing plate is placed into the charging hole, and the fixing plate and the filling plate abut against the charging hole for positioning, so as to form a gap for air to enter between the medicine package and the charging hole. When the stemming is filled, it is pressed against the filling plate for positioning, so as to realize the positioning of the stemming and the charging mechanism, improve the accuracy of the positions of the stemming and the charging mechanism, improve the blasting effect, and improve the construction efficiency.

[0022] Optionally, the connecting component includes:

[0023] A connecting plate which is sleeved on the connecting rod in a sliding manner and is threadedly connected with a connecting screw rod that abuts against the connecting rod for positioning;

[0024] A connecting ring which is arranged on the connecting plate and cooperates with the connecting plate to form a connecting groove for the medicine package to be clamped into.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the medicine package is clamped and installed on the connecting groove, so as to realize the positioning of the medicine package. At the same time, when it is necessary to adjust the distance between the medicine packages, the connecting screw rod is screwed away from the connecting rod, and then the position of the connecting plate can be moved. After the adjustment is completed, the connecting screw rod is screwed to abut against the connecting rod for positioning, thereby further improving the convenience in the construction process and improving the construction efficiency.

[0026] Optionally, a collecting plate for winding the secondary lead is detachably arranged on the connecting plate, and a plurality of output grooves for the secondary lead to enter and exit are formed on the collecting plate around the axis of the collecting plate.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the lengths of the secondary leads are the same, and the length of the secondary lead of the medicine package closer to the orifice of the charging hole remaining outside the connecting plate is longer, so that the secondary leads are relatively scattered and not easy to handle. Therefore, the secondary lead remaining outside the connecting plate is passed through one of the output grooves and wound around the collecting plate, and finally the secondary lead is output through the output groove and then connected with the connecting lead, so that the secondary lead can be stored as needed, improving the convenience in storing the secondary lead and improving the construction efficiency.

[0028] Optionally, a plurality of mounting holes for the secondary lead to pass through are formed on the filling plate, a protective ring is arranged on the filling plate, the stemming is located outside the protective ring, the winding component is arranged on the protective ring, and the secondary lead passes through the mounting holes and then moves into the protective ring and is communicated with the connecting lead.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, the auxiliary lead is passed through the mounting hole and extended into the protective ring, so that the auxiliary lead is connected to the connecting lead. Then, gun clay is added for plugging, and the protective ring protects the connection part of the auxiliary lead and the connecting lead, thereby improving the stability during blasting, enhancing the blasting effect, and improving the construction efficiency.

[0030] Optionally, the winding assembly includes:

[0031] A mounting disk, which is detachably arranged on the protective ring and blocks the inside of the protective ring for protection;

[0032] A winding disk, which is rotatably mounted on the mounting disk and is located inside the protective ring. One end of the connecting lead passes through the winding disk and extends into the protective ring, while the other end passes out of the winding disk and is connected to the main lead;

[0033] A connecting ring, which is arranged on the mounting disk and is connected to the connecting lead. The auxiliary lead is inserted and mounted on the connecting ring, so that the auxiliary lead is connected to the connecting lead;

[0034] An elastic member, which is arranged on the mounting disk and is used for positioning the winding disk;

[0035] A clamping member, which is arranged on the mounting hole and is used for positioning the auxiliary lead.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, before installation, the winding disk is rotated to make the length of the connecting lead in the shortest state. Then, the mounting disk is fixedly installed on the protective ring, so that the winding disk and the connecting ring are located inside the protective ring. Then, the auxiliary lead is passed through the mounting hole and extended into the protective ring, and the clamping member positions the auxiliary lead. At the same time, the auxiliary lead is inserted and mounted on the connecting ring, so that the auxiliary lead is connected to the connecting lead. When connecting the connecting lead and the main lead, the connecting lead is pulled to drive the winding disk to rotate. After the pulling is completed, the elastic member presses against the winding disk for positioning, so that the connecting lead is at an appropriate length, improving the convenience during wiring and the construction efficiency.

[0037] Optionally, a plurality of positioning grooves are circumferentially and arrayed around the axis of the winding disk on the winding disk. The elastic member is a spring piece arranged on the mounting disk, and the spring piece is snap-fitted into the positioning groove for positioning.

[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, when the winding disk rotates, it pushes the spring piece away from the positioning groove and disengages from the positioning groove. After the rotation is completed, the spring piece is snap-fitted into the positioning groove under the action of elastic force for positioning.

[0039] Optionally, the clamping member is a plurality of elastic clamping pieces that are circumferentially arranged around the axis of the mounting hole. The clamping pieces are arranged on the mounting hole and are inclined toward the axis of the mounting hole at one end close to the protective ring. The plurality of clamping pieces press against the secondary lead for positioning and are used to prevent the secondary lead from detaching from the mounting hole.

[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, the secondary lead is extended into the mounting hole, and then the secondary lead pushes the clamping piece to move for avoidance under the guidance of the clamping piece. When the secondary lead extends into the protective ring, the secondary lead is pulled and blocked from moving back under the action of the plurality of clamping pieces, thereby reducing the probability of the secondary lead withdrawing from the protective ring, improving the stability during blasting, improving the blasting effect, and improving the construction efficiency.

[0041] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0042] The charging mechanism positions the explosive package, thereby increasing the decoupling coefficient; the lengths of the secondary leads are kept consistent, thereby increasing the synchronization rate when the explosive packages are detonated, improving the blasting effect, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the construction cost at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the charging mechanism and the winding assembly in the present application;

[0045] Figure 3 is a partial structural diagram of the present application, with some connecting leads omitted, mainly showing the structural diagram of the connecting component and the winding assembly;

[0046] Figure 4 is the structure of the winding assembly in the application, in which the filling disc, the protective ring, the mounting disc, and the delivery pipe are sectioned.

[0047] Reference numerals: 11, charging hole; 12, secondary lead; 13, connecting lead; 14, main lead; 15, stemming; 16, explosive package; 2, charging mechanism; 21, fixed disc; 22, connecting rod; 23, filling disc; 24, mounting hole; 25, protective ring; 3, connecting component; 31, connecting disc; 32, connecting ring; 33, connecting pipe; 34, connecting screw; 35, connecting groove; 4, collecting disc; 41, collecting groove; 42, output groove; 5, winding assembly; 51, mounting disc; 511, delivery pipe; 52, winding disc; 521, positioning groove; 53, communicating ring; 54, elastic member; 55, clamping member; 56, clamping piece; 57, inclined portion; 58, vertical portion; 61, mounting rod; 62, mounting plate; 63, mounting pipe. EMBODIMENTS

[0048] The following will further elaborate on this application in conjunction with the attached Figures 1-4 drawings for a more detailed description.

[0049] The embodiment of this application discloses a smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation.

[0050] Referring to Figure 1 , the smooth blasting method for tunnel excavation includes the following construction steps:

[0051] A. Open charging holes 11. Drill the blasting area to obtain multiple charging holes 11, and the charging holes 11 are in a horizontal state.

[0052] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , B. Charge. Install multiple explosive packages 16 onto the charging mechanism 2, ensuring a spacing between adjacent explosive packages 16. Then install the charging mechanism 2 into the charging hole 11, maintaining a spacing between the explosive package 16 and the charging hole 11, thereby forming an air intake space for air to enter and fill between adjacent explosive packages 16 and between the explosive package 16 and the charging hole 11, and the air intake space is filled with air.

[0053] C. Seal. Plug the charging hole 11 with stemming 15, and at the same time, the stemming 15 presses against the charging mechanism 2 for positioning.

[0054] D. Connect the wires. The lengths of the secondary leads 12 of each explosive package 16 are kept the same and are connected to the main lead 14 to form a connected state. A connecting lead 13 connected to the main lead 14 is wound on the charging mechanism 2 through a winding assembly 5. After multiple explosive packages 16 are installed on the charging mechanism 2, the secondary leads 12 are connected to the connecting lead 13. When connecting the wires, adjust the lengths of the multiple connecting leads 13 to appropriate lengths and then connect them to the main lead 14 to form a connected state.

[0055] E. Initiate. Start the blasting.

[0056] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2, the charge loading mechanism 2 includes a fixed disk 21, a connecting rod 22, and a filling disk 23. The fixed disk 21 is placed at the bottom of the charge loading hole 11, and the fixed disk 21 and the charge loading hole 11 are coaxially arranged; one end of the connecting rod 22 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the fixed disk 21 and extends to the side near the orifice of the charge loading hole 11, while the filling disk 23 is coaxially and fixedly installed at the end of the connecting rod 22 away from the fixed disk 21. At the same time, the outer diameters of both the fixed disk 21 and the filling disk 23 are the same as the diameter of the charge loading hole 11. The fixed disk 21, the connecting rod 22, and the filling disk 23 are all located within the charge loading hole 11, and the fixed disk 21 and the filling disk 23 are in contact with the hole wall of the charge loading hole 11 for positioning. Moreover, arc-shaped guiding surfaces are provided on both the fixed disk 21 and the filling disk 23. The guiding surfaces facilitate the insertion into the charge loading hole 11 and reduce the harm to the staff's body.

[0057] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a plurality of medicine packages 16 are all installed on the connecting rod 22 through the connecting component 3. The connecting component 3 includes a connecting disk 31 and a connecting ring 32. The connecting disk 31 is coaxially sleeved on the connecting rod 22 through a connecting pipe 33 in a sliding manner. The connecting disk 31 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the outer side wall of the connecting pipe 33. The connecting pipe 33 extends to both sides of the connecting disk 31. A connecting screw 34 that abuts against the connecting rod 22 for positioning is threadedly connected to the connecting pipe 33, and the connecting screw 34 is located on the side of the connecting disk 31 close to the fixed disk 21.

[0058] Referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the connecting ring 32 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the side wall of the connecting disk 31 facing away from the fixed disk 21, and the outer diameter of the connecting ring 32 is the same as the outer diameter of the connecting disk 31 and smaller than the diameter of the charge loading hole 11. The inner diameter of the connecting ring 32 is smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting disk 31. Therefore, a circular connecting groove 35 is formed by the cooperation between the inner side wall of the connecting ring 32, the connecting disk 31, and the outer side wall of the connecting pipe 33. The medicine package 16 is strip-shaped and is snap-fitted and installed in the connecting groove 35, so that the medicine packages 16 form a ring with their heads and tails abutting against each other.

[0059] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , when it is necessary to move the position of the medicine package 16, after unscrewing the connecting screw 34 away from the connecting rod 22, the position of the connecting disk 31 and the medicine package 16 can be moved. After the movement is completed, the connecting screw 34 is screwed to abut against the connecting rod 22 for positioning, thereby realizing the adjustment of the position of the medicine package 16.

[0060] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3, the filling plate 23 is provided with installation holes 24 penetrating through the opposite side walls of the filling plate 23, and a plurality of installation holes 24 are arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the filling plate 23. A protective ring 25 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the side wall of the filling plate 23 facing away from the fixed plate 21, and a plurality of installation holes 24 are located inside the protective ring 25. The winding assembly 5 is arranged on the protective ring 25, and the secondary lead 12 of a medicine package 16 passes through an installation hole 24 and extends into the protective ring 25, so that a plurality of secondary leads 12 are communicated with the connection leads 13 located on the winding assembly 5; the gun clay 15 is located outside the protective ring 25, and the gun clay 15 is pressed against the side wall of the filling plate 23 facing away from the fixed plate 21 and the outer side wall of the protective ring 25 for positioning.

[0061] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the top end of the connecting pipe 33 is located on the side of the connecting ring 32 facing away from the fixed plate 21. One end of the connecting pipe 33 facing away from the fixed plate 21 is detachably installed with a collecting plate 4 through screws, and the collecting plate 4 and the connecting pipe 33 are coaxially arranged and used for winding the secondary leads 12. A collecting groove 41 is coaxially opened on the collecting plate 4, and an output groove 42 penetrating through the opposite side walls of the collecting plate 4 is opened on the collecting plate 4, and a plurality of output grooves 42 are arranged in a circumferential array around the axis of the collecting plate 4.

[0062] Refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , pass the secondary lead 12 through the output groove 42 and wind it around the collecting groove 41, and finally pass the secondary lead 12 through the output groove 42 and the installation hole 24 and extend it into the protective ring 25 in sequence, so as to realize the collection of the idle secondary leads 12. The lengths of the secondary leads 12 of each medicine package 16 are the same. The closer the medicine package 16 is to the protective ring 25, the longer the idle secondary lead 12 is. The idle secondary lead 12 is the secondary lead 12 outside the connecting plate 31. Therefore, the collecting plate 4 collects the idle secondary leads 12, reducing the probability of the secondary leads 12 being disordered. When the secondary lead 12 on the lowest medicine package 16 is straightened and does not need to be collected, removing the collecting plate 4 can save space.

[0063] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the winding assembly 5 includes an installation disc 51, a winding disc 52, a communication ring 53, an elastic member 54 and a clamping member 55.

[0064] Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4, the mounting disc 51 is detachably mounted on the side wall of the protective ring 25 facing away from the filling disc 23 by screws. The outer diameter of the mounting disc 51 is the same as that of the protective ring 25 and they are coaxially arranged. At the same time, a delivery pipe 511 extending outside the charge hole 11 is coaxially and fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the mounting disc 51; two mounting rods 61 are fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting disc 51 close to the protective ring 25 and inside the protective ring 25. An installation plate 62 connecting the two mounting rods 61 is fixedly mounted on the two mounting rods 61. A mounting pipe 63 vertically extending to the other side of the mounting plate 62 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the mounting plate 62 close to the mounting disc 51.

[0065] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the winding disc 52 is fixedly mounted on the mounting pipe 63 and is located on the side of the mounting plate 62 close to the mounting disc 51. One end of the connecting lead 13 passes through the winding disc 52 and the mounting pipe 63 and extends to the side of the mounting plate 62 facing away from the mounting disc 51. At the same time, the connecting lead 13 is wound around the winding disc 52, and the other end of the connecting lead 13 passes through the delivery pipe 511 and extends outside the delivery pipe 511; the communication ring 53 is fixedly mounted on the mounting rod 61 and is located on the side of the mounting plate 62 facing away from the mounting disc 51. The connecting lead 13 is fixedly connected to the communication ring 53 after passing through the mounting pipe 63. At the same time, the secondary lead 12 is inserted and matched with the connecting ring 32 after passing through the mounting hole 24, so as to realize the electrical signal connection between the connecting lead 13 and the secondary lead 12.

[0066] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , positioning grooves 521 are circumferentially and arrayedly formed on the outer side wall of the winding disc 52 around the axis of the winding disc 52. The elastic member 54 is a spring piece, which has elasticity and is press-fitted and clamped in the positioning grooves 521 to position the winding disc 52; a plurality of clamping members 55 are provided and are respectively located on a plurality of mounting holes 24. The clamping members 55 are a plurality of elastic clamping pieces 56 circumferentially arrayed around the axis of the mounting hole 24. The clamping pieces 56 are fixedly mounted on the side wall of the mounting hole 24. The clamping piece 56 includes an inclined portion 57 and a vertical portion 58 integrally arranged together. The inclined portion 57 is fixedly mounted on the mounting hole 24 and is inclined towards the side close to the communication ring 53. At the same time, the inclined portion 57 is arranged towards the side close to the axis of the mounting hole 24; the vertical portion 58 is located at one end of the inclined portion 57 close to the communication ring 53, and the vertical portion 58 is arranged parallel to the axis of the mounting hole 24.

[0067] Refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4After the auxiliary lead wire 12 enters the installation hole 24, under the guidance of the inclined portion 57, the auxiliary lead wire 12 enters the inner sides of the plurality of inclined portions 57. The auxiliary lead wire 12 pushes the plurality of inclined portions 57 away from each other to avoid interference, so that the auxiliary lead wire 12 enters the protective ring 25 and is inserted and installed on the communication ring 53. Therefore, under the elastic force of the inclined portion 57, the vertical portion 58 presses against the auxiliary lead wire 12 for positioning. When the auxiliary lead wire 12 moves back, the clamping piece 56 blocks the backward movement of the auxiliary lead wire 12.

[0068] The working principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows:

[0069] First, drill the blasting area to obtain the charging holes 11. At the same time, respectively snap and install a plurality of explosive packages 16 onto a plurality of connecting grooves 35. When there are idle auxiliary lead wires 12, wind them around the collecting disc 4 for collection. Fix the installation disc 51 to the protective ring 25, then pass the auxiliary lead wire 12 through the installation hole 24 and insert and install it onto the communication ring 53, and the clamping piece 56 positions the auxiliary lead wire 12. Then place the charging mechanism 2 into the charging hole 11. The fixed disc 21 and the filling disc 23 abut against the charging hole 11, so that an air inlet space for air to enter is formed between adjacent two explosive packages 16 and between the explosive package 16 and the charging hole 11. Air enters the air inlet space for filling. Then fill the stemming 15. The stemming 15 presses against the filling disc 23 and the protective ring 25 to position the explosive package 16, thereby realizing the plugging of the charging hole 11. Using the same method, put the charging mechanism 2 into a plurality of charging holes 11 and plug the charging holes 11. Finally, pull the connecting lead wire 13 to drive the winding disc 52 to release the connecting lead wire 13 so that the connecting lead wire 13 is at an appropriate length. After stopping pulling, the elastic piece presses against the positioning groove 521 to position the winding disc 52. Then connect the connecting lead wire 13 and the main lead wire 14 together to realize the connection of the main lead wire 14, the connecting lead wire 13, and the auxiliary lead wire 12. Then initiate the explosion, thereby improving the synchronization rate when the explosive package 16 explodes, improving the blasting effect, thereby improving the construction efficiency and reducing the construction cost at the same time.

[0070] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present application. The protection scope of the present application is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Charging mechanism for smooth blasting in tunnel excavation, characterized in that: It includes a winding component (5). A connecting lead (13) communicating with the main lead (14) is wound on the charging mechanism (2) by the winding component (5). When installing the medicine package (16), the secondary lead (12) of the medicine package (16) is installed on the charging mechanism (2) and communicated with the connecting lead (13). When making the connection, after adjusting the lengths of the plurality of connecting leads (13) to appropriate lengths, they are connected to the main lead (14) to form a communicating state. The charging mechanism (2) further includes: A fixed disk (21) which is placed at the bottom of the charging hole (11) and abuts against the charging hole (11) for positioning. A connecting rod (22) which is arranged on the fixed disk (21). A plurality of the medicine packages (16) are all installed on the connecting rod (22) through a connecting component (3). A filling disk (23) which is arranged on the connecting rod (22) and abuts against the orifice of the charging hole (11). The stemming (15) is pressed against the filling disk (23) for positioning. A plurality of mounting holes (24) for the secondary leads (12) to pass through are formed on the filling disk (23). A protective ring (25) is arranged on the filling disk (23). The stemming (15) is located outside the protective ring (25). The winding component (5) is arranged on the protective ring (25). After passing through the mounting holes (24), the secondary leads (12) are moved into the protective ring (25) and communicated with the connecting leads (13). The winding component (5) includes: A mounting disk (51) which is detachably arranged on the protective ring (25) and blocks the inside of the protective ring (25) for protection. A winding disk (52) which is rotatably installed on the mounting disk (51) and is located inside the protective ring (25). One end of the connecting lead (13) passes through the winding disk (52) and extends into the protective ring (25), while the other end passes through the winding disk (52) and is communicated with the main lead (14). A communicating ring (53) which is arranged on the mounting disk (51) and is communicated with the connecting lead (13). The secondary lead (12) is inserted and installed on the communicating ring (53) so that the secondary lead (12) is communicated with the connecting lead (13). An elastic member (54) which is arranged on the mounting disk (51) and is used for positioning the winding disk (52). A clamping member (55) which is arranged on the mounting hole (24) and is used for positioning the secondary lead (12).

2. The charging mechanism for smooth blasting in tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting component (3) includes: A connecting disk (31) which is slidably sleeved on the connecting rod (22) and is threadedly connected with a connecting screw rod (34) that abuts against the connecting rod (22) for positioning. A connecting ring (32) which is arranged on the connecting disk (31) and cooperates with the connecting disk (31) to form a connecting groove (35) for the medicine package (16) to be clamped into.

3. The charging mechanism for smooth blasting in tunnel excavation according to claim 2, characterized in that: A collecting disk (4) for winding the auxiliary lead (12) is detachably arranged on the connecting disk (31). A plurality of output grooves (42) for the auxiliary lead (12) to enter and exit are formed in the collecting disk (4) around the axis of the collecting disk (4).

4. The charging mechanism for smooth blasting in tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of positioning grooves (521) are circumferentially arranged around the axis of the winding disk (52). The elastic member (54) is a spring piece arranged on the mounting disk (51), and the spring piece is snap-fitted in the positioning groove (521) for positioning.

5. The charging mechanism for smooth blasting in tunnel excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping member (55) is a plurality of elastic clamping pieces (56) circumferentially arranged around the axis of the mounting hole (24). The clamping pieces (56) are arranged on the mounting hole (24) and are inclined towards the axis side of the mounting hole (24) at one end close to the protective ring (25). The plurality of clamping pieces (56) press against the auxiliary lead (12) for positioning and are used to prevent the auxiliary lead (12) from detaching from the mounting hole (24).

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