Steel mooring test system and method capable of quickly adjusting angle of hawse pipe

Abstract

The application discloses a steel anchoring test system and method capable of quickly adjusting the angle of a chain pipe, and the system comprises a test bench, a ship bow structure installed on the test bench, and an anchoring system, an anchor throwing power device, a chain stopper and a chain guide roller installed on the ship bow structure; the chain pipe of the anchoring system is welded and fixed with the ship bow structure in a real ship state, and the anchor lip is connected with the chain pipe through a round steel pipe; the test bench is supported by a plurality of jacks; the ship deck of the ship bow structure is lowered by a certain height relative to the position of the real ship at the positions of the anchor throwing power device, the chain stopper and the chain guide roller; the equipment base of the anchor throwing power device, the chain stopper and the chain guide roller is adjustably installed on the ship base of the ship deck through fasteners and pads or shims, and the angle relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted through wedge-shaped pads or shims. The application can quickly adjust the angle parameter of the chain pipe which influences the anchor pulling effect of the anchoring system, and the adjustment difficulty is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of marine equipment technology, specifically relating to a steel anchor system and method for rapidly adjusting the angle of the anchor chain cylinder. Background Technology

[0002] Anchoring systems are of paramount importance for ensuring the safe anchoring of ships. Anchoring systems consist of an upper anchor lip, anchor chain canister, lower anchor lip, anchor chain, and anchor. They ensure the smooth deployment and retrieval of the anchor, and allow the anchor to be securely held in place on the lower anchor lip after retrieval. Before installation on board, the design of the anchoring system needs to be verified through testing. During testing, adjustments are frequently required to the angle of the anchor chain canister—a crucial factor affecting deployment and retrieval—to improve the anchor's deployment and hold.

[0003] For a long time, the rationality of anchor system design has been verified through wooden model tests. However, since wooden models are usually scaled down significantly from the actual objects and made of different materials, the accuracy of the verification is affected. Even if the anchor system design has been repeatedly verified and adjusted through wooden model tests, after the equipment is manufactured and installed on the ship, there are still common situations where the anchor system equipment needs to be reworked and modified due to difficulties in raising and dropping anchors on the actual ship.

[0004] Compared to wooden models, steel anchorage models can more accurately simulate the actual use of anchorages. However, the installation and fixation of anchorage equipment such as anchor chain cylinders and upper and lower anchor lips between the steel test model and the hull, as well as between the steel test model and each other, usually requires welding. If design parameters such as the angle of the anchor chain cylinder need to be adjusted during the test, most of the anchorage equipment needs to be reinstalled and fixed. This not only consumes a lot of manpower and resources, but the equipment may also be damaged due to repeated cutting and welding. It cannot meet the needs of timely test verification as the design parameters are adjusted in the anchorage design. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a steel anchor system test system and method with a rapidly adjustable anchor chain barrel angle. This invention can realistically simulate actual equipment usage, and can quickly adjust the anchor chain barrel angle parameter that affects the anchoring effect, reducing time, lowering adjustment difficulty, and improving design accuracy.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is:

[0007] A steel anchoring test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain barrel angle includes a test bench, a bow structure of the hull mounted on the test bench, and an anchoring system, anchor-laying and-laying power unit, chain catcher, and guide chain rollers mounted on the bow structure of the hull. The anchoring system uses steel materials that are the same as or similar to those in the design, including an upper anchor lip, a lower anchor lip, an anchor chain barrel, an anchor chain, and an anchor. The anchor chain barrel is welded and fixed to the bow structure of the hull according to the actual ship condition. The upper anchor lip is a round steel pipe welded to the anchor chain barrel. The test bench is supported by several jacks and its angle is adjustable. The bow structure of the hull, the anchoring system, the chain catcher, and the guide chain rollers are... Using the construction and installation precision requirements of the actual ship, the bow structure and anchorage are scaled to a 1:1 or larger ratio relative to the actual ship. The installation height and positioning of the anchor-throwing power unit, chain catcher, and chain rollers are the same as those of the actual ship. The hull deck of the bow structure is lowered by a certain height L relative to the positions of the anchor-throwing power unit, chain catcher, and chain rollers on the actual ship. The equipment bases of the anchor-throwing power unit, chain catcher, and chain rollers are installed on the hull base on the hull deck with adjustable height using fasteners and shims or pads, and the angle relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted by wedge-shaped shims or pads.

[0008] Furthermore, the bow structure, chain stopper, and chain rollers of the hull adopt the same or similar structures and materials as the actual ship.

[0009] Furthermore, when the actual ship uses an unthickened upper anchor lip, the upper anchor lip of the test system is directly simulated by a round steel pipe; when the actual ship uses a thickened upper anchor lip, the upper anchor lip of the test system is simplified by a round steel pipe to simulate the thickened upper anchor lip of the actual ship. The raised part of the anchor chain in the thickened upper anchor lip of the actual ship is simulated by the test system raising the installation height of the chain stopper and the chain guide roller.

[0010] Furthermore, the jacks are arranged at the bottom of the test bench along the length and width of the ship.

[0011] Furthermore, the anchoring and throwing power device adopts an anchor winch or anchor coil.

[0012] A test method for steel anchorage systems with rapidly adjustable anchor chain barrel angle, based on the aforementioned test system for steel anchorage systems with rapidly adjustable anchor chain barrel angle, includes the following steps:

[0013] S1. There are three types of anchor chain barrel angle adjustment: adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain barrel and the horizontal line in the cross section, adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain barrel and the horizontal line in the longitudinal section, and adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain barrel and the horizontal line in both the cross section and the longitudinal section. First, based on the anchor chain barrel angle in the design scheme, determine the height adjustment scheme of the jacks at different positions at the bottom of the test bench. After the jacks are adjusted, the angle of the anchor chain barrel is consistent with the design angle. When the anchor chain barrel angle is adjusted, the actual anchor chain barrel length will also change slightly. However, since the upper anchor lip is a round steel pipe welded to the anchor chain barrel, the changes in the anchor chain barrel length, the position of the upper anchor lip relative to the hull deck, and the impact on the anchoring and dropping effect can be ignored after the anchor chain barrel angle is adjusted.

[0014] S2. By drawing diagrams, calculate the positional change of the anchor chain barrel intersecting the hull deck after the anchor chain barrel angle is adjusted. The intersection point of the anchor chain barrel centerline and the theoretical surface of the hull outer plate remains unchanged. Determine the angle required to keep the actual installation plane of the anchor throwing power unit, chain stopper and guide chain roller parallel to the hull deck intersection plane. Then, determine the installation positioning parameters of the anchor throwing power unit, chain stopper and guide chain roller after adjustment, and process suitable wedge-shaped pads or shims.

[0015] S3. Adjust the installation height and angle relative to the horizontal plane of the anchor lifting and throwing power device, chain stopper and guide chain roller by using wedge-shaped shims or other shims or shims, so that the relative position of the anchor lifting and throwing power device, chain stopper and guide chain roller and the anchor chain cylinder is the same as the design scheme, and then conduct an anchor pulling test.

[0016] S4. Based on the test results, decide whether to continue adjusting the anchor chain cylinder angle. If further adjustment is required, repeat steps S2 and S3 until the anchor test results meet the requirements.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] This invention can realistically simulate actual equipment usage (the upper anchor lip has a relatively small impact on the anchoring and throwing motion and can be appropriately simplified). It can quickly adjust the anchor chain cylinder angle parameters that affect the anchoring effect, thereby enabling rapid verification through steel model testing in response to changes in the anchoring technical scheme. This reduces the difficulty, time, and manpower and material costs of modifying the steel model for verification, lowers the difficulty of adjustment, and improves the design accuracy of the anchoring system. Overall, it improves the design and testing level of ship anchoring systems. For ultra-large ships with special bow shapes and structures, the testing equipment itself weighs hundreds of tons. After using this testing method to accurately test and correct the anchoring system design, the reduction in modification costs after the equipment is installed on the actual ship is particularly significant, resulting in high economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a side view of the steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a front view of the anchor chain cylinder in the ship's cross section with an angle of γ with the horizontal line in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a front view of the anchor chain cylinder on the ship's cross section with an angle of δ between it and the horizontal line after adjusting the height of each jack from the port side to the starboard side in this embodiment of the invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the corresponding adjustment of the installation height and angle position of the equipment after the anchor chain cylinder angle is adjusted in an embodiment of the present invention. First, the height of each jack is adjusted sequentially from the bow to the rear to adjust the angle between the anchor chain cylinder and the horizontal line on the centerline plane. The angle is adjusted from α to β. Then, by adjusting the shims or blocks, the relative position of the anchor chain cylinder after the angle adjustment is made consistent with the adjustment scheme.

[0024] In the diagram: 1-Anchoring power unit; 2-Upper anchor lip; 3-Anchor chain cylinder; 4-Lower anchor lip; 5-Anchor chain; 6-Anchor; 7-Bow structure of the hull; 8-Hull deck; 9-Chain puller; 10-Test bench; 11-Jack; 12-Ships or blocks (including wedge-shaped shims or blocks and other shims or blocks); 13-Equipment base; 14-Hull base; 15-Fasteners; A-Intersection of the centerline of the anchor chain cylinder and the theoretical surface of the hull outer plate. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a steel anchoring test system with a rapidly adjustable anchor chain barrel angle includes a test bench 10, a bow structure 7 mounted on the test bench 10, and an anchoring system, a launching and dropping power device 1, a chain catcher 9, and a guide chain roller (not shown in the figure) mounted on the bow structure 7. The anchoring system uses steel materials that are the same as or similar to those in the design, including an upper anchor lip 2, a lower anchor lip 4, an anchor chain barrel 3, an anchor chain 5, and an anchor 6. The anchor chain barrel 3 is welded and fixed to the bow structure 7 according to the actual ship condition. The upper anchor lip 2 is a round steel pipe welded to the anchor chain barrel 3. The test bench 10 is supported by several jacks 11 and its angle is adjustable. The bow structure 7, the anchoring system, the chain catcher 10, and the guide chain roller are all made of steel materials that are similar to those in the design. The construction and installation accuracy requirements of the actual ship are as follows: the bow structure 7 and the anchoring system are 1:1 or larger in scale relative to the actual ship; the installation height and positioning of the anchor-throwing power unit 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain rollers are the same as those of the actual ship; the hull deck 8 of the bow structure 7 is lowered by a certain height L (e.g., 30cm in this embodiment) relative to the position of the anchor-throwing power unit 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain rollers. The equipment base 13 of the anchor-throwing power unit 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain rollers is installed on the hull base 14 of the hull deck 8 with adjustable height by fasteners 15 and pads or shims 12, and the angle relative to the horizontal plane is adjusted by wedge-shaped pads or shims 12.

[0027] In this embodiment, the bow structure 7, chain stopper 9, and chain guide rollers adopt the same or similar structures and materials as the actual ship.

[0028] In this embodiment, when the actual ship uses an unthickened upper anchor lip, the upper anchor lip 2 of the test system directly simulates the upper anchor lip of the actual ship using a round steel pipe; when the actual ship uses a thickened upper anchor lip, the upper anchor lip 2 of the test system simplifies the simulation of the thickened upper anchor lip of the actual ship using a round steel pipe, and the raised part of the anchor chain in the actual ship at the thickened upper anchor lip is simulated by the test system raising the installation height of the chain stopper 9 and the guide roller.

[0029] like Figure 1 , Figures 3 to 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the jack 11 is arranged at the bottom of the test bench 10 along the length and width of the ship.

[0030] In this embodiment, the anchor launching power device 1 is an anchor winch or anchor coil.

[0031] Taking a large ship as an example, the bow of this large ship has a special shape, making the anchorage design more difficult. A test method based on the aforementioned steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle is adopted, including the following steps:

[0032] S1. There are three types of angle adjustment for the anchor chain cylinder 3: adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line in the transverse section, adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line in the longitudinal section, and adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line in both the transverse and longitudinal sections. First, based on the angle of the anchor chain cylinder 3 in the design scheme, determine the height adjustment scheme of the jacks 11 at different positions at the bottom of the test bench 10. After adjusting the jacks 11, make the angle of the anchor chain cylinder 3 consistent with the designed angle. When adjusting the angle of the anchor chain cylinder 3, the actual length of the anchor chain cylinder 3 also changes slightly. However, since the upper anchor lip 2 is a round steel pipe welded to the anchor chain cylinder 3, the changes in the length of the anchor chain cylinder 3, the position of the upper anchor lip 2 relative to the ship's deck 8, and the impact on the anchoring and throwing effect can be ignored after the angle of the anchor chain cylinder 3 is adjusted. In this experiment, if Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, it is necessary to adjust the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line on the cross section. If it is necessary to increase the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line on the cross section, then adjust the height of each jack 11 sequentially from the port side of the ship to the starboard side, and adjust the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line on the cross section of the ship from γ to δ.

[0033] S2. By drawing, calculate the positional change of the intersection surface between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the hull deck 8 after the angle of the anchor chain cylinder 3 is adjusted. The intersection point A between the center line of the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the theoretical surface of the hull outer plate remains unchanged. The angle required to keep the actual installation plane of the anchor throwing power device 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain roller parallel to the intersection surface of the hull deck 8 is obtained. Then, the installation and positioning parameters of the anchor throwing power device 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain roller after adjustment are obtained, and suitable wedge-shaped pads or shims 12 are processed.

[0034] S3. Adjust the installation height and angle relative to the horizontal plane of the anchor-lifting power device 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain roller by using wedge-shaped pads or shims 12 and other pads or shims 12, so that the relative position of the anchor-lifting power device 1, chain stopper 9 and guide chain roller with the anchor chain cylinder 3 is the same as the design scheme, and then conduct an anchor-pulling test.

[0035] S4. Based on the test results, decide whether to continue adjusting the angle of the anchor chain cylinder 3. If further adjustment is needed, repeat steps S2 and S3 until the anchoring test results meet the requirements. In this test, if... Figure 5 As shown, it is necessary to reduce the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line on the longitudinal section. This is achieved by adjusting the height of each jack 11 sequentially from the bow to the stern, thereby changing the angle between the anchor chain cylinder 3 and the horizontal line on the centerline plane from α to β.

[0036] This invention can realistically simulate actual equipment usage (the upper anchor lip 2 has a relatively small impact on the anchoring and throwing motion and can be appropriately simplified). It can quickly adjust the angle parameters of the anchor chain cylinder 3, which affects the anchoring effect, thereby enabling rapid verification through steel model testing in response to changes in the anchoring system's technical design. This reduces the difficulty, time, and manpower and material costs associated with modifying the steel model for verification, lowers the adjustment difficulty, and improves the design accuracy of the anchoring system. Overall, it enhances the design and testing level of ship anchoring systems. For ultra-large ships with special bow shapes and structures, where the testing equipment itself weighs hundreds of tons, the reduction in modification costs after the actual ship installation is particularly significant when using this testing method for precise testing and correction of the anchoring system design. This results in high economic and social benefits.

[0037] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A steel anchorage testing system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle, characterized in that: The test bench includes a test rig, a bow structure mounted on the test rig, and an anchoring system, anchor-laying and anchor-throwing power unit, chain catcher, and chain rollers mounted on the bow structure. The anchoring system uses steel materials that are the same as or similar to those in the design, including an upper anchor lip, a lower anchor lip, an anchor chain canister, an anchor chain, and an anchor. The anchor chain canister is welded and fixed to the bow structure according to the actual ship condition. The upper anchor lip is a round steel pipe welded to the anchor chain canister. The test rig is supported by several jacks and its angle is adjustable. The bow structure, anchoring system, chain catcher, and chain rollers are constructed and installed with the precision of the actual ship. The requirements are as follows: the bow structure and anchorage should be 1:1 or larger in scale relative to the actual ship; the installation height and positioning of the anchor-throwing power unit, chain stopper, and chain rollers should be the same as those of the actual ship; the hull deck of the bow structure should be lowered by a certain height L relative to the positions of the anchor-throwing power unit, chain stopper, and chain rollers relative to the positions of the actual ship; the equipment bases of the anchor-throwing power unit, chain stopper, and chain rollers should be installed on the hull base of the hull deck with adjustable height using fasteners and shims or pads, and the angle relative to the horizontal plane should be adjusted by wedge-shaped shims or pads. First, based on the anchor chain cylinder angle in the design scheme, determine the height adjustment scheme of the jacks at different positions at the bottom of the test bench. After adjusting the jacks, make the angle of the anchor chain cylinder consistent with the design angle.

2. The steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bow structure, chain stoppers, and chain rollers of the hull adopt the same or similar structures and materials as the actual ship.

3. The steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When the actual ship uses an unthickened upper anchor lip, the upper anchor lip of the test system is directly simulated by a round steel pipe. When the actual ship uses a thickened upper anchor lip, the upper anchor lip of the test system is simplified by a round steel pipe to simulate the thickened upper anchor lip of the actual ship. The raised part of the anchor chain on the thickened upper anchor lip in the actual ship is simulated by the test system raising the installation height of the chain stopper and the guide roller.

4. The steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The jacks are arranged at the bottom of the test bench along the length and width of the ship.

5. The steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor lifting and dropping power device uses an anchor winch or anchor coil.

6. A test method for steel anchorage systems with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle, characterized in that: Based on the steel anchorage test system with rapidly adjustable anchor chain cylinder angle as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the system includes the following steps: S1. There are three types of anchor chain barrel angle adjustment: adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain barrel and the horizontal line in the cross section, adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain barrel and the horizontal line in the longitudinal section, and adjustment of the angle between the anchor chain barrel and the horizontal line in both the cross section and the longitudinal section. First, based on the anchor chain barrel angle in the design scheme, determine the height adjustment scheme of the jacks at different positions at the bottom of the test bench. After the jacks are adjusted, the angle of the anchor chain barrel is consistent with the design angle. When the anchor chain barrel angle is adjusted, the actual anchor chain barrel length will also change slightly. However, since the upper anchor lip is a round steel pipe welded to the anchor chain barrel, the changes in the anchor chain barrel length, the position of the upper anchor lip relative to the hull deck, and the impact on the anchoring and dropping effect can be ignored after the anchor chain barrel angle is adjusted. S2. By drawing diagrams, calculate the positional change of the anchor chain barrel intersecting the hull deck after the anchor chain barrel angle is adjusted. The intersection point of the anchor chain barrel centerline and the theoretical surface of the hull outer plate remains unchanged. Determine the angle required to keep the actual installation plane of the anchor throwing power unit, chain stopper and guide chain roller parallel to the hull deck intersection plane. Then, determine the installation positioning parameters of the anchor throwing power unit, chain stopper and guide chain roller after adjustment, and process suitable wedge-shaped pads or shims. S3. Adjust the installation height and angle relative to the horizontal plane of the anchor lifting and throwing power device, chain stopper and guide chain roller by using wedge-shaped shims or other shims or shims, so that the relative position of the anchor lifting and throwing power device, chain stopper and guide chain roller and the anchor chain cylinder is the same as the design scheme, and then conduct an anchor pulling test. S4. Based on the test results, decide whether to continue adjusting the anchor chain cylinder angle. If further adjustment is required, repeat steps S2 and S3 until the anchor test results meet the requirements.

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