Laser swallow

Abstract

This invention discloses a laser swallower, relating to the technical field of supporting equipment for fusion devices. It includes a housing, which is a flat metal shell; an absorption cavity, cylindrical in shape, is disposed within the housing, with its inner walls at both ends capable of reflecting and scattering laser light; the sidewalls of the absorption cavity are covered with an absorption layer made of graphite; an incident channel is provided on one side of the housing, communicating with the absorption cavity, and the length of the incident channel is tangent to the sidewall of the absorption cavity; an absorbing reflector is also adapted within the absorption cavity, obliquely positioned behind the incident channel, and used to reflect the light beam incident through the incident channel into the absorption cavity. This invention can swallow laser light while adapting to the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field, and strong radiation environment inside a fusion reactor, and its small size meets the requirements for use inside a fusion reactor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser attenuator technology, and more specifically to a laser swallower. Background Technology

[0002] The Thomson laser scattering system used in fusion devices to measure electron temperature and density measures weak scattered light signals, typically 1 e^(-1 / 2) of the incident laser energy. -12 To 1e -13 If the stray laser level is too high, it will severely interfere with the measurement of the scattered light signal. A laser swallower is an essential component in a laser scattering system for absorbing excess laser energy and is also a core component for reducing stray laser activity in the entire system.

[0003] Laser swallowers are generally installed externally on fusion devices, such as the laser swallowers of the laser scattering systems on the British Experimental Fusion Device (MAST, JET), the German Experimental Fusion Device (ASDEX-U), the EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) and the HL-2A (Hyperloop-2A) fusion reactors, to ensure sufficient space for installing suitable extinction devices. However, some laser swallowers, such as those for the edge laser scattering system on the ITER device, the mid-plane tangential scattering system on the HL-2M device, and the center and edge laser scattering systems on the BEST device, must be installed internally. To prevent these laser swallowers from being damaged by the plasma generated during experiments, their height must not exceed the height of the first wall. Therefore, laser swallowers installed externally on fusion devices generally do not meet this requirement, necessitating the design of compact laser swallowers. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a laser swallower that can swallow lasers while adapting to the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field and strong radiation environment inside a fusion reactor. It is also small in size and can be installed inside the fusion reactor to meet the requirements for use inside the fusion reactor.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a laser swallowing device, comprising a housing, which is a flat metal shell; an absorption cavity is disposed within the housing, the absorption cavity being cylindrical, and the inner walls at both ends of the absorption cavity being capable of reflecting and scattering laser light; the sidewalls of the absorption cavity are covered with an absorption layer, the absorption layer being made of graphite; an incident channel is provided on one side of the housing, the incident channel communicating with the absorption cavity, and the length direction of the incident channel being tangent to the sidewall of the absorption cavity; an absorption reflector is also adapted within the absorption cavity, the absorption reflector being obliquely disposed behind the incident channel, the absorption reflector being used to reflect the light beam incident through the incident channel into the absorption cavity.

[0007] The laser swallowing device provided by this invention has an absorption mirror set inside the absorption cavity of the shell. The absorption cavity is annular, and the side of the absorption cavity is an absorption layer made of graphite. The end face of the absorption cavity can reflect and scatter laser light. The length direction of the incident channel of the shell is tangent to the side wall of the absorption cavity, and the absorption mirror is located behind the incident channel. During operation, the laser beam enters the absorption cavity through the incident channel and directly irradiates the absorption mirror. Because the length direction of the incident channel is tangent to the side wall of the absorption cavity and the absorption mirror is tilted, the light beam irradiating the absorption mirror is at a large incident angle inside the annular absorption cavity. This allows the energy of the laser beam to enter the graphite absorption cavity as much as possible, and is reflected, scattered, and transmitted multiple times by the absorption layer and the end face of the absorption cavity, thereby gradually absorbing the energy of the laser beam.

[0008] Because the laser beam enters the absorbing mirror through the incident channel and is absorbed inside the annular absorption cavity at a large incident angle, it can absorb light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared bands, and has a wide wavelength range for laser absorption. At the same time, the laser strike point is on the mirror, which not only has a large contact area, preventing damage to the inner surface of the graphite, but also the mirror has high reflection efficiency, which can effectively reduce stray laser light reflected from the cavity, thereby reducing interference with the measurement of scattered light signals, and is not limited by the size of the incident laser spot.

[0009] Meanwhile, the shell is made of metal and the absorption layer is made of graphite, which can withstand the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field and strong radiation environment inside the fusion reactor; and the shell is flat, which can be used not only in compact installation spaces (such as inside the fusion device) but also in laboratories and factories with sufficient installation space.

[0010] Furthermore, while direct laser irradiation onto the absorption layer on the sidewall of the absorption cavity through the incident channel can effectively absorb laser energy, optical simulations have revealed that this structure requires extremely high processing precision, especially at the cutting edge. Moreover, prolonged bombardment by high-energy lasers can easily damage the surface of the absorption layer, significantly increasing stray laser beams and interfering with the measurement of weak scattered signals, making accurate measurements difficult. In contrast, this application utilizes an absorbing reflector for reflection. Due to the high power threshold of the reflecting surface and its resistance to damage, it can absorb higher-energy laser beams and has a long service life.

[0011] In summary, the laser swallower provided by this invention can swallow lasers while adapting to the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field and strong radiation environment inside a fusion reactor. It is also small in size and can be installed inside the fusion reactor, meeting the requirements for use inside the fusion reactor.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the inner wall of the incident channel is covered with an ultra-black metallic coating. Covering the inner wall of the incident channel with an ultra-black metallic coating serves two purposes: firstly, when the laser beam passes through the ultra-black coated incident channel, stray laser beams with large divergence angles can be absorbed by the sidewall of the incident channel; secondly, it can absorb some stray laser beams escaping from the absorption cavity, reducing interference with the measurement of the scattered light signal.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the inner walls at both ends of the absorption cavity are covered with an ultra-black metal coating to improve the laser absorption capability of the absorption cavity end face.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the ultra-black metal coating is a composite material of stainless steel and carbon powder, which enables the ultra-black metal coating to absorb laser light with an efficiency of over 95%.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the ultra-black metal coating is a film layer formed by ion plating with stainless steel as the substrate and carbon powder as the target material, to ensure that the ultra-black metal coating has sufficient absorption efficiency, while enabling the ultra-black metal coating to withstand an ambient temperature of -250° to 300°.

[0016] In an optional embodiment, an incident reflector is also included. The incident reflector is obliquely disposed in front of the incident channel. The incident reflector is used to reflect the laser beam through the incident channel to the absorption reflector. On the one hand, by directing the laser beam into the absorption cavity through the incident reflector, it can adapt to devices with limited installation space and can also guide lasers of multiple wavelengths into the absorption cavity. On the other hand, the incident reflector can also reflect the laser beam emitted from the incident channel back into the incident channel, thereby further reducing stray laser entering the measurement area.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment, the tilt angle of the incident mirror is adjustable to allow for adjustment to a suitable tilt angle depending on the usage.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, an incident conduit is further included, which is in communication with the housing, and the incident channel is the inner cavity of the incident conduit to facilitate the processing of the laser phagocytother.

[0019] In an alternative embodiment, the length of the incident channel is adjustable to adjust the distance between the incident channel inlet and the incident mirror according to the distance between the housing and the incident mirror, thereby minimizing the scattering of incident light.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment, the housing is annular to facilitate laser processing of the swallower and further reduce the volume of the housing.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The laser swallower provided by this invention has an absorption mirror set inside the absorption cavity of the shell. The absorption cavity is annular, and the side of the absorption cavity is an absorption layer made of graphite. The end face can reflect and scatter laser light. The length direction of the incident channel set in the shell is tangent to the side wall of the absorption cavity, and the absorption mirror is located behind the incident channel. When working, the laser beam enters the absorption cavity through the incident channel and directly irradiates the absorption mirror. Because the length direction of the incident channel is tangent to the side wall of the absorption cavity and the absorption mirror is tilted, the beam irradiated on the absorption mirror is at a large incident angle inside the annular absorption cavity. This allows the energy of the laser beam to enter the graphite absorption cavity as much as possible, and is reflected, scattered, and transmitted multiple times by the absorption layer and the end face of the absorption cavity, thereby gradually absorbing the energy of the laser beam. While being able to swallow laser light, it can also adapt to the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field, and strong radiation environment inside the fusion reactor.

[0023] 2. The laser swallowing device provided by the present invention allows the laser beam to be incident through the incident channel into the absorption mirror and absorbed inside the annular absorption cavity at a large incident angle. It can absorb light in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared bands and has a wide wavelength range for absorbing laser light.

[0024] 3. The laser swallower provided by the present invention has a laser impact point on the reflector, which not only has a large contact area, preventing damage to the inner surface of the graphite, but also has high reflection efficiency, which can effectively reduce stray laser reflected from the cavity, thereby reducing interference with the measurement of scattered light signals, and is not limited by the size of the incident laser spot.

[0025] 4. The laser swallower provided by the present invention has a flat shell, which can be used not only in situations with compact installation space (such as inside a fusion device), but also in laboratories and factories with sufficient installation space.

[0026] 5. The laser swallower provided by the present invention reflects light through an absorbing mirror. Due to the high power threshold of the reflecting surface, the surface is not easily damaged and can be used to absorb laser beams with large energy, resulting in a long service life. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] In the attached diagram:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the laser swallower according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0031] 10-Shell, 11-Absorption cavity, 12-Absorption layer, 20-Incident pipe, 21-Incident channel, 30-Absorption reflector, 40-Incident reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "longitudinal", "lateral", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this application and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0034] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "install" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Example

[0036] Combination Figure 1 This embodiment provides a laser swallower, including a housing 10, which is a flat metal shell; an absorption cavity 11 is disposed inside the housing 10, the absorption cavity 11 is cylindrical, and the inner walls at both ends of the absorption cavity 11 can reflect and scatter laser light; the side walls of the absorption cavity 11 are covered with an absorption layer 12, which is made of graphite; an incident channel 21 is opened on one side of the housing 10, the incident channel 21 communicates with the absorption cavity 11, and the length direction of the incident channel is tangent to the side wall of the absorption cavity 11; an absorption reflector 30 is also adapted inside the absorption cavity 11, the absorption reflector 30 is obliquely disposed behind the incident channel 21, and the absorption reflector 30 is used to reflect the light beam incident through the incident channel 21 into the absorption cavity 11.

[0037] Typically, the housing 10 is annular to facilitate laser processing of the swallower and further reduce the volume of the housing 10.

[0038] The incident channel 21 can be a through hole opened on one side of the housing 10, or it can be the inner cavity of a pipe fixed to the side wall of the housing 10. In this embodiment, the incident channel 21 is the inner cavity of the pipe. That is, in this embodiment, it also includes an incident pipe 20, which is connected to the housing 10. The incident channel 21 is the inner cavity of the incident pipe 20 to facilitate the processing of the laser swallower.

[0039] Meanwhile, the inner wall of the incident channel 21 is covered with an ultra-black metal coating. This ultra-black metal coating serves two purposes: firstly, when the laser beam passes through the ultra-black coated incident channel 21, stray laser beams with large divergence angles can be absorbed by the sidewall of the incident channel 21; secondly, it can absorb some stray laser beams escaping from the absorption cavity 11, reducing interference with the measurement of the scattered light signal.

[0040] Furthermore, the inner walls at both ends of the absorption cavity 11 are covered with an ultra-black metal coating to improve the laser absorption capability of the end face of the absorption cavity 11.

[0041] Specifically, the ultra-black metal coating is a composite material of stainless steel and carbon powder, which enables the ultra-black metal coating to absorb laser light with an efficiency of over 95%.

[0042] Preferably, the ultra-black metal coating is a film layer formed by ion plating with stainless steel as the substrate and carbon powder as the target material, so as to ensure that the ultra-black metal coating has sufficient absorption efficiency and can withstand an ambient temperature of -250° to 300°.

[0043] Therefore, the laser swallower provided in this embodiment has components that can withstand a wide range of operating temperatures and are not limited by the magnetic field strength and vacuum requirements of the installation environment.

[0044] In addition, an incident reflector 40 is also included. The incident reflector 40 is obliquely disposed in front of the incident channel 21. The incident reflector 40 is used to reflect the laser beam through the incident channel 21 to the absorption reflector 30. On the one hand, the incident reflector 40 guides the laser beam into the absorption cavity 11, which can adapt to devices with limited installation space and can also guide lasers of multiple wavelengths into the absorption cavity 11. On the other hand, the incident reflector 40 can also reflect the laser beam emitted from the incident channel 21 back into the incident channel 21, so as to further reduce stray laser entering the measurement area.

[0045] The tilt angle of the incident reflector 40 is adjustable to allow for setting a suitable tilt angle for different applications. The incident reflector 40 is typically installed inside the fusion reactor, and its angle can be adjusted by connecting it to internal components of the fusion reactor via a damping shaft, telescopic rod structure, or multi-connecting rod structure.

[0046] Meanwhile, the length of the incident conduit 20 is adjustable, so as to adjust the distance between the inlet of the incident channel 21 and the incident mirror 40 according to the distance between the housing 10 and the incident mirror 40, thereby minimizing the scattering of incident light. The adjustment of the length of the incident conduit 20 can be achieved by using a telescopic tube structure.

[0047] It is understood that the laser swallower provided in this embodiment has a simple structure, short processing cycle, and low cost. It can be used not only in situations with sufficient installation space, but also in situations with limited installation space.

[0048] In summary, the laser phagocytotherapist provided in this embodiment, during operation, directs the laser beam into the absorption cavity 11 via the incident channel 21, illuminating the absorption mirror 30. Because the length of the incident channel 21 is tangent to the sidewall of the absorption cavity 11, and the absorption mirror 30 is tilted, the laser beam illuminating the absorption mirror 30 is positioned at a large incident angle within the annular absorption cavity 11. This ensures that as much of the laser beam's energy as possible enters the graphite absorption cavity 11, where it undergoes multiple reflections, scattering, and transmissions by the absorption layer 12 and the end face of the absorption cavity 11, gradually absorbing the laser beam's energy. Optical tracking simulation results demonstrate that the laser phagocytotherapist structure provided in this embodiment can effectively absorb laser beam energy.

[0049] Since the laser beam enters the absorption mirror 30 through the incident channel 21 and is absorbed inside the annular absorption cavity 11 at a large incident angle, it can absorb light in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared bands, and can absorb a wide range of laser wavelengths. At the same time, the laser strike point is on the mirror, which not only has a large contact area and is not easy to damage the inner surface of the graphite, but also the mirror has high reflection efficiency, which can effectively reduce stray laser reflected from the cavity, thereby reducing interference with the measurement of scattered light signals, and is not limited by the size of the incident laser spot.

[0050] Meanwhile, the shell 10 is made of metal and the absorption layer 12 is made of graphite, which can withstand the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field and strong radiation environment inside the fusion reactor; and the shell 10 is flat, which can be used not only in compact installation spaces (such as inside the fusion device) but also in laboratories and factories with sufficient installation space.

[0051] It should also be noted that if the laser directly irradiates the absorption layer 12 on the sidewall of the absorption cavity 11 through the incident channel 21, although it can effectively absorb laser energy, optical simulations have shown that this structure requires extremely high processing precision. Moreover, prolonged bombardment by high-energy lasers is highly likely to cause surface damage at the irradiated location of the absorption layer 12, thereby significantly increasing stray laser light and interfering with the measurement of weak scattering signals, making accurate measurement difficult. In contrast, this embodiment uses an absorbing reflector 30 for reflection. Due to the high power threshold of the reflecting surface and its resistance to surface damage, it can be used to absorb laser beams with higher energy and has a long service life.

[0052] In summary, the laser swallower provided in this embodiment can swallow lasers while adapting to the high temperature, high vacuum, strong magnetic field and strong radiation environment inside the fusion reactor. It is also small in size and can be installed inside the fusion reactor, meeting the requirements for use inside the fusion reactor.

[0053] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser ingester for a fusion reactor, characterized by, Including a shell (10), the shell (10) is a flat metal shell; An absorption cavity (11) is arranged in the shell (10), the absorption cavity (11) is cylindrical, the inner wall of both ends of the absorption cavity (11) can reflect and scatter laser, the inner wall of both ends of the absorption cavity (11) is covered with super black metal coating; The side wall of the absorption cavity (11) is covered with an absorption layer (12), and the absorption layer (12) is made of graphite material; One side of the shell (10) is provided with an incident channel (21), the incident channel (21) is communicated with the absorption cavity (11), and the length direction of the incident channel (21) is tangent to the side wall of the absorption cavity (11), the inner wall of the incident channel (21) is covered with super black metal coating; The absorption cavity (11) is also fitted with an absorption mirror (30), the absorption mirror (30) is arranged behind the incident channel (21), and the absorption mirror (30) is used for reflecting the light beam incident through the incident channel (21) in the absorption cavity (11). Wherein, the super black metal coating is a composite material of stainless steel and carbon powder.

2. The laser engulfer for a fusion reactor according to claim 1, characterized by, The super black metal coating is a film layer formed by ion plating with stainless steel as base material and carbon powder as target material.

3. The laser engulfer for a fusion reactor according to claim 1, wherein It also includes an incident mirror (40), the incident mirror (40) is arranged in front of the incident channel (21), and the incident mirror (40) is used for reflecting laser to the absorption mirror (30) through the incident channel (21).

4. The laser engulfer for a fusion reactor according to claim 3, characterized by, The inclination angle of the incident mirror (40) can be adjusted.

5. The laser feed for a fusion reactor according to claim 3, wherein It also includes an incident pipeline (20), the incident pipeline (20) is communicated with the shell (10), and the incident channel (21) is the inner cavity of the incident pipeline (20).

6. The laser feed for a fusion reactor according to claim 5, wherein The length of the incident pipeline (20) can be adjusted.

7. The laser feed for a fusion reactor according to claim 1, wherein The shell (10) is a circular ring.

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