A method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of the protection and breeding of rare and endangered plants, and discloses a method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Create the growth environment of Sophora tonkinensis; Step 2: Select the provenance of Sophora tonkinensis; Step 3: Select the cultivation substrate and standardized cultivation; Step 4: Create the light environment; Step 5: Create the suitable temperature environment; Step 6: Water; Step 7: Apply organic fertilizer; Step 8: Cuttings of long branches; Step 9: Thin flowers and artificial cross-pollination during the full-bloom period; Step 10: Artificial fruit thinning; Step 11: Seed harvesting and sand storage; Step 12: Sowing in nutrient pots; Step 13: Seedling management. The beneficial effect of the present invention is that by adopting comprehensive technologies such as light control and temperature control to create an ideal growth environment for Sophora tonkinensis, and assisting comprehensive technologies such as cuttings of long branches, flower thinning, artificial cross-pollination, fruit thinning, and sand storage to increase the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, the goal of high and stable yields for consecutive years is ultimately achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rare and endangered plant protection and breeding, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Euchresta japonica. Background Art

[0002] Euchresta japonica, also known as Hudoulian and Trifoliate Euchresta Root, is a national second-class protected wild plant and is listed as Vulnerable (VU) in the "China Biodiversity Red List". Euchresta japonica is an endemic species in East Asia, discontinuously distributed in China and Japan, and has important scientific research value for studying the legume flora and systematic evolution. The whole plant of Euchresta japonica is poisonous and is used in folk medicine. Its root has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, and relieving swelling and pain. There is a phenomenon of different plants having the same Chinese name for Euchresta japonica. The plant Euchresta japonica, which is the plant involved in this patent, is a plant of the genus Euchresta in the family Leguminosae. According to the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China" (2015 Edition), the Chinese medicinal Euchresta japonica is the dried root and rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis in the genus Sophora of the family Leguminosae, which is not the plant involved in this patent. Euchresta japonica is sporadically distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang in China, mainly growing under evergreen broad-leaved forests and on shady and humid slopes at an altitude of 800 - 1350 meters.

[0003] Euchresta japonica has extremely high requirements for its habitat and is mainly distributed in virgin forests with little human disturbance and secondary forests with relatively complete forest structures. Due to many factors such as habitat destruction caused by human deforestation, folk medicine collection, its own slow growth, inbreeding, low flowering rate, and low fruit setting rate, its sexual reproduction rate is extremely low, and the wild population is extremely scarce.

[0004] There is currently no artificial cultivation of Euchresta japonica for the following reasons: (1) Euchresta japonica is a national second-class protected wild plant, with scarce wild resources and protected by law, making it difficult for individuals or enterprises to obtain the materials required for breeding; (2) Euchresta japonica has strong toxicity, and its medicinal value still needs further research, and it is less used in folk medicine; (3) Euchresta japonica has relatively high requirements for the cultivation habitat, and the traditional cultivation method has a long cycle, low propagation coefficient, and poor production efficiency.

[0005] However, Sophora tonkinensis has extremely high protection and medicinal research value: (1) Sophora tonkinensis is a national second-class protected wild plant with extremely few wild populations, and there is a relatively high risk of local or species extinction. Artificial breeding of Sophora tonkinensis and its reintroduction into the wild in its suitable habitat can effectively increase its wild population size and gene flow, and avoid the extinction of this species; (2) In recent years, many studies have shown that Sophora tonkinensis has good anti-cancer effects. Limited by the lack of experimental materials, further in-depth research cannot be carried out. Artificial breeding of Sophora tonkinensis provides sufficient experimental materials for the analysis, extraction, and anti-cancer tests of the medicinal components of Sophora tonkinensis, and has great scientific research significance.

[0006] According to our long-term field observations, wild Sophora tonkinensis mainly reproduces itself through seeds and layering. The germination rate of Sophora tonkinensis seeds is extremely high, close to 100%, but the flowering rate and fruit-setting rate are extremely low, and there is a phenomenon of alternate bearing. Wild Sophora tonkinensis will naturally lodge when it grows to more than 50 cm, adventitious roots will grow on the stems in contact with the ground, and new branches often germinate from the rhizome. The stem between two branches will rot, and finally form two independent individuals. Since Sophora tonkinensis grows extremely slowly, although sexual reproduction can be supplemented by layering, its propagation coefficient is still very low.

[0007] Therefore, the first problem to be solved in the artificial breeding of Sophora tonkinensis is its seedling production. The germination rate of Sophora tonkinensis seeds is close to 100%, so sowing is the best propagation method. The key is to solve the problems of extremely low flowering rate and fruit-setting rate and alternate bearing. According to the fact that adventitious roots are easy to grow on the rhizome of Sophora tonkinensis, cutting can also be used as a breeding method. However, due to the slow growth of Sophora tonkinensis, each plant can provide fewer cuttings (3-5), and the Sophora tonkinensis with the main branches cut off cannot bloom in the next 2-3 years. Therefore, cutting can only be used as an auxiliary method for the reproduction of Sophora tonkinensis. However, no matter which propagation method is used alone, its propagation coefficient is very low.

[0008] At present, the artificial breeding technology of Sophora tonkinensis has not made a breakthrough, which seriously affects the establishment of its artificial population and seedling production. Due to the lack of seedlings, the reintroduction work of Sophora tonkinensis into the wild has not been carried out, and the risks of local extinction and gene loss have always existed. Due to the lack of sufficient experimental materials, the research on its medicinal value has stagnated. Therefore, how to achieve high and stable yields of Sophora tonkinensis is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Technical Problems to be Solved

[0010] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving the reproduction coefficient of Sophora flavescens. According to the growth characteristics of Sophora flavescens, an ideal environment is artificially created to ensure nutrient accumulation, improve the flowering rate of Sophora flavescens, thin flowers, artificial cross-fertilization, and fruit thinning to ensure a suitable fruit setting rate, eliminate the phenomenon of alternate years in reproduction, and assist in the propagation of leggy branches by cuttings, comprehensively improve its reproduction coefficient, ensure high and stable yields every year, and solve the technical problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0011] Technical Solution

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0013] A method for improving the propagation coefficient of Sophora flavescens, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: Create a growing environment for Sophora flavescens: Build a greenhouse on a sunny slope at an altitude of 500-1200 meters. The greenhouse is equipped with basic facilities and an intelligent control system. The basic facilities include exhaust fans, wet curtains, irrigation systems, and internal and external shade nets;

[0015] Step 2: Select the provenance of Sophora flavescens: Select a 5-year-old Sophora flavescens plant with a ground diameter of more than 4 mm, a tree height of more than 35 cm, 3-5 compound leaves, and strong artificial cultivation as the mother plant;

[0016] Step 3: Select the cultivation medium and standardize the cultivation: Use peat and perlite in a volume ratio of 5:1 and mix them thoroughly as the cultivation medium. Control the pH of the cultivation medium to 4.5 and the organic matter content to 151g kg -1 ; Standardized transplanting into nutrient pots with a diameter of 20 cm, a bottom diameter of 15 cm, and a height of 20 cm, one plant per pot, neatly placed on the ground with a spacing of 50 cm between plants;

[0017] Step 4: Create a lighting environment: Adjust the lighting conditions in the greenhouse through internal and external shade nets and intelligent control systems;

[0018] Step 5: Create a suitable temperature environment: adjust the greenhouse temperature through exhaust fans, wet curtains and intelligent control systems to control the temperature at 20-28°C;

[0019] Step 6: Watering: When the volumetric water content of the greenhouse nutrient pot cultivation matrix soil is less than 20%, turn on the sprinkler system for watering;

[0020] Step 7: Apply organic fertilizer: Apply 20 grams of organic fertilizer per plant in early spring and 15 days after fruit thinning;

[0021] Step 8: Cuttings of long branches: When the inflorescence is formed in April, thin out the long branches for cuttings. Only one branch with inflorescence is left on a Sophora flavescens plant, and the rest are thinned out as long branches;

[0022] Step 9: Flower thinning and artificial cross-pollination during the full-bloom stage: During the full-bloom stage from late May to early June, first remove the residual flowers, young fruits, and small flowers that have not yet bloomed, and only leave the fresh small flowers that can be pollinated to complete cross-pollination.

[0023] Step 10: Artificial fruit thinning: In early July, 30 days after artificial pollination of the female parent, thin the fruits according to the standard of leaving 6 - 8 young fruits per plant.

[0024] Step 11: Seed harvesting and sand storage: In late October every year, when the fruit length is about 1 cm, the fruit color changes from green to dark blue, and the fruit stalk begins to wither, harvest the fruits. Mix the harvested fruits evenly with moist river sand, tie them up with a steel wire mesh with a relatively dense mesh hole, and place them outdoors for sand storage on the spot, keeping the river sand moist.

[0025] Step 12: Sowing in nutrient pots: Take out the fruits in early March of the following year, and sow them in nutrient pots with a diameter of 15 cm, a bottom diameter of 10 cm, and a height of 15 cm. Sow 1 seed in each nutrient pot, and the sowing depth is 5 cm.

[0026] Step 13: Seedling management: In late April of the following year, the seeds germinate. Apply the first organic fertilizer when the seedlings grow for 2 months. Then apply organic fertilizer once in early spring and early autumn every year. Repot the 3-year-old seedlings, including the substrate and nutrient pots. Remove the inflorescences of the 3-year-old and 4-year-old seedlings to avoid premature flowering and affecting vegetative growth. The 5-year-old Sophora tonkinensis can be used as germplasm resources to breed the next generation.

[0027] Preferably, in step 4, the light adjustment in the greenhouse is specifically as follows: Before 9 am and after 16 pm on sunny days and on rainy days, open the internal and external shading nets to ensure medium light intensity; or from 9 am to 16 pm on sunny days, use the internal and external shading nets to avoid strong light to prevent the leaves from being burned by high temperature and high light.

[0028] Preferably, in step 7, before fertilization, first remove the weeds to improve the fertilizer efficiency.

[0029] Preferably, in step 8, cut the overgrown branches into cuttings 5 - 8 cm long according to one node, one leaf, and one bud. Leave 1 cm of the branch above the node and 4 - 7 cm of the branch below the node. Cut off three-fifths of the leaves to reduce transpiration and water loss. One overgrown branch can be cut into 3 - 5 cuttings of different lengths. Soak the lower part of the cuttings in naphthalene acetic acid with a concentration of 100 mg / L for 1 hour, and then insert them into the cultivation substrate. The insertion depth is about 4 cm. Shade and keep the soil moist. After 15 days, gradually reduce the soil humidity and shading degree until normal management.

[0030] Preferably, in step 9, cross-pollination is specifically carried out by cutting off its petals with scissors to expose the stamens and pistils, then cutting off the stamens of each small flower and making marks. Finally, hold the filaments with forceps and gently rub the anthers of one Sophora tonkinensis against the stigma of another Sophora tonkinensis 5 times to complete cross-pollination.

[0031] Preferably, in step 10, when thinning fruits, select the underdeveloped and overly dense young fruits to ensure that the fruits are more evenly distributed on the fruiting branches.

[0032] Preferably, the following steps are further included:

[0033] Step 14: Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests: Usually, pay attention to the air circulation in the greenhouse, reasonable close planting, weed cleaning, reducing the entry of irrelevant personnel into the greenhouse, etc. to reduce the risk of pathogen introduction and occurrence. If other diseases and pests are found, symptomatic drugs need to be used to reduce the harm.

[0034] Beneficial effects

[0035] 1. The present invention adopts comprehensive technologies such as light control and temperature control to create an ideal growth environment for Sophora tonkinensis, and auxiliary technologies such as cutting of overgrown branches, flower thinning, artificial cross-pollination, fruit thinning, sand storage, etc. to improve the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, and finally achieve the goal of high and stable yields year after year. This scheme has been tested in Wuyanling National Nature Reserve in Zhejiang Province, and the cultivation method is reliable and stable. Through the present invention, the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis can be effectively improved. While obtaining more seedlings from seeds, a relatively large number of cuttings can also be obtained.

[0036] 2. Through a series of comprehensive measures such as building a greenhouse at a medium altitude, selecting strong mother plants of 5 years old, artificial substrate cultivation, light control, water control, temperature control, fertilizer control, cutting of overgrown branches, flower thinning, artificial cross-pollination, fruit thinning, comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests, reasonable harvesting, outdoor sand storage, indoor sowing, and scientific management of seedlings, the present invention promotes the nutrient accumulation of Sophora tonkinensis by creating the best growth environment, improves the flowering rate and fruiting rate, eliminates the phenomenon of large and small years in reproduction, and additionally obtains cuttings, effectively improving the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis and achieving the goal of high and stable yields year after year: Under ideal conditions, 2,668 Sophora tonkinensis plants are planted per mu, and the yield per mu can reach 21,503 seedlings, including 18,302 seedlings from seeds (calculated based on each plant bearing 7 seeds and a seed germination rate of 98%), and 3,201 cuttings (calculated based on an average of 1 overgrown branch germinated from every 3 Sophora tonkinensis plants, 4 cuttings can be cut, and a cutting survival rate of 90%), which is 32 times that in the wild state (666 seedlings per mu, including 133 layering seedlings and 533 seedlings from seeds).

[0037] 3. The Sophora tonkinensis seeds obtained by using the present invention are plump and uniform; the seed germination rate is close to 100%, the seedlings are robust, and the growth rate and height of the seedlings are much higher than those in the wild state; the 3-year-old seedlings can be directly used for field reintroduction, effectively increasing the density of its wild population and eliminating the risk of extinction of this species; the 5-year-old seedlings can be used as seed sources to continue breeding the next generation or for the research on the medicinal value of Sophora tonkinensis. Detailed implementation manners

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This example was carried out in the intelligent greenhouse of the Shangfangxiang Protection Point of Shuangkengkou Protection Station in Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Taishun County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, at an altitude of 1,080 meters. In December of the same year, 500 5-year-old robust cultivated seedlings (with a ground diameter of more than 4 mm, a tree height of more than 35 cm, and 3-5 compound leaves) were selected as mother plants. Peat and perlite were used as the cultivation substrate according to a volume ratio of 5:1, and were standardized and transplanted into nutrient pots with a diameter of 20 cm, a bottom diameter of 15 cm, and a height of 20 cm, with 1 plant in each pot, and placed at a plant spacing of 50 cm. The light conditions in the greenhouse were controlled by opening and closing the internal and external shading nets through the intelligent control system. Before 9 am on sunny days, after 4 pm in the evening, and on rainy days, the internal and external shading nets were opened to ensure medium light intensity; from 9 am to 4 pm on sunny days, the internal and external shading nets were used to avoid strong light. Try to give the Sophora tonkinensis leaves 683.06 - 907.07 μmol / (m 2·s). When the greenhouse temperature is higher than 28 degrees Celsius, the exhaust fan and water curtain are automatically turned on by the intelligent control system for cooling. When the volumetric water content of the nutrient bowl cultivation substrate soil is lower than 20%, the sprinkler irrigation system is automatically turned on for watering. Weed in March every year and 15 days after fruit thinning, and apply organic fertilizer at 20 grams per plant. In April every year, following the principle of leaving only one flower branch per Sophora tonkinensis plant, remove the remaining branches for cutting. Cut the overgrown branches into cuttings about 5 - 8 cm long according to one leaf and one bud per node. Leave 1 cm of the branch above the node and 4 - 7 cm of the branch below the node, and cut off three-fifths of the leaves. Soak the lower part of the cuttings in naphthalene acetic acid with a concentration of 100 mg / L for 1 hour, then insert them into the cultivation substrate. The insertion depth is about 4 cm. Shade and keep the soil moist. After 15 days, gradually reduce the soil humidity and the degree of shading, and transition to normal management. During the full bloom period from late May to early June, first remove the residual flowers, young fruits and small flowers that have not yet bloomed, then carefully cut off the petals of the just-bloomed small flowers with scissors to expose the stamens and pistils, then carefully cut off the stamens of each plant and make marks. Finally, hold the filaments with tweezers and gently rub the anthers of one Sophora tonkinensis plant against the stigma of another Sophora tonkinensis plant 5 times. Repeat the above steps until all the flowers are artificially cross-pollinated. In early July, 30 days after artificial pollination, thin the fruits of Sophora tonkinensis, remove the poorly growing and overcrowded young fruits, and only leave 6 - 8 young fruits per plant. When the fruits turn from green to dark blue in late October, pick the fruits in time. After evenly mixing them with moist river sand, tie them up with a steel wire mesh with a relatively dense mesh and store them outdoors on the spot, keeping the river sand moist. Take out the seeds at the beginning of March of the next year and sow them in nutrient bowls with a diameter of 15 cm at the top, a bottom diameter of 10 cm, and a height of 15 cm. Sow 1 seed per bowl, and the sowing depth is 5 cm. The seeds germinate in late April of the next year. Apply the first organic fertilizer 2 months after the seedlings grow. Apply organic fertilizer once in early spring and early autumn every year thereafter. When the seedlings reach the third year, repot them. The management refers to that of the mother plants. Remove the inflorescences of the 3-year-old and 4-year-old seedlings. The 5-year-old Sophora tonkinensis plants are used as germplasm resources to breed the next generation or for research and development of medicinal value.

[0041] In May of the following year, it was counted that 500 Sophora tonkinensis mother plants produced a total of 4148 seedlings, including 3562 seedlings from seeds (3586 seeds), with a germination rate of 99.33%, and 586 overgrown branch cuttings (666 cuttings), with a survival rate of 88%. Calculated at 2668 plants per mu, 22133 seedlings can be produced per mu.

[0042] In May of the third year, it was counted that 500 Sophora tonkinensis mother plants produced a total of 4118 seedlings, including 3575 seedlings from seeds (3602 seeds), with a germination rate of 99.25%, and 543 overgrown branch cuttings (603 cuttings), with a survival rate of 90%. Calculated at 2668 plants per mu, 21973 seedlings can be produced per mu.

[0043] In May of the 4th year, a total of 4,160 seedlings were produced from 500 mother plants of Sophora tonkinensis. Among them, there were 3,552 seedlings from seeds (3,486 seeds), and the germination rate was 98.14%. There were 608 cuttings from spindly branches (712 cuttings), and the survival rate was 85%. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 22,197 seedlings can be produced per mu.

[0044] Comparative Example 1

[0045] Select 100 five-year-old robust seedlings of Sophora tonkinensis as the control. The ground diameter should be more than 4 mm and the tree height should be more than 35 cm. Plant them in a semi-wild state under broad-leaved forests by the stream at an altitude of 1,000 meters with a plant spacing of 50 cm. Collect 28 seeds in early November, store them in sand outdoors, and sow them in March of the following year to obtain 27 seedlings. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 720 seedlings can be produced per mu. Collect 11 seeds in early November of the following year, store them in sand outdoors, and obtain 11 seedlings. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 293 seedlings can be produced per mu. Collect 26 seeds in early November of the 3rd year, store them in sand outdoors, and obtain 26 seedlings. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 693 seedlings can be produced per mu.

[0046] Comparative Example 2

[0047] Select 100 five-year-old robust seedlings of Sophora tonkinensis as the control. The ground diameter should be more than 4 mm. Plant, control light, temperature, humidity, fertilizer, and pests and diseases in a greenhouse according to the method of the present invention. Seed collection, sand storage, sowing, and seedling management refer to the present invention, but do not thin out spindly branches, do not thin out flowers, perform natural cleistogamy, and do not thin out fruits. Collect 287 seeds in early November, store them in sand outdoors, and sow them in March of the following year to obtain 269 seedlings. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 7,177 seedlings can be produced per mu. Collect 189 seeds in November of the following year, store them in sand outdoors, and obtain 182 seedlings. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 4,855 seedlings can be produced per mu. Collect 307 seeds in November of the 3rd year, store them in sand outdoors, and obtain 301 seedlings. Calculated at 2,668 plants per mu, 8,030 seedlings can be produced per mu.

[0048] It can be seen from this that when the technical solution of the present invention (Example 1) is fully adopted, there is no phenomenon of alternating good and bad years in the reproduction of Sophora tonkinensis, the produced fruits are relatively plump, the average fresh fruit quality is 0.9 g / grain, the seed germination rate is high, about 99%, 221,101 seedlings can be produced per mu, and the seedlings grow vigorously; when the technical solution of the present invention is partially adopted (Comparative Example 2), that is, planting, light control, temperature control, humidity control, fertilizer control, and pest control in a greenhouse, seed collection, sand storage, sowing, and seedling management refer to the present invention, but overgrown branches are not thinned, flowers are not thinned, natural cleistogamy is adopted, and fruits are not thinned. The growth potential of the mother plant is better in the first year, and the flowering and fruiting rates are relatively higher, but the seed fullness is not uniform and the quality is uneven; in the second year, both the flowering and fruiting rates are relatively low, and the phenomenon of alternating good and bad years in reproduction appears; in the third year, the flowering and fruiting rates return to a relatively high level, similar to the first year; when the prior art is adopted (Comparative Example 1), the mother plant shows the phenomenon of alternating good and bad years in reproduction. The growth potential is better in the first year, and the flowering and fruiting rates are relatively higher. In the second year, the growth potential is average, and both the flowering and fruiting rates drop to a relatively low level. In the third year, the flowering and fruiting rates return to a level close to that of the first year.

[0049] The experimental results of the three schemes are shown in Table 1.

[0050] Serial Number Yield per mu in the first year Yield per mu in the second year Yield per mu in the third year Average yield per mu Implementation 1 22,133 plants 21,973 plants 22,197 plants 22,101 plants Comparative Example 1 720 plants 293 plants 693 plants 568 plants Comparative Example 2 7,177 plants 4,855 plants 8,030 plants 6,687 plants

[0051] Table 1

[0052] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements will not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the propagation coefficient of Sophora flavescens. It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Step 1: Create a growing environment for Sophora flavescens: Build a greenhouse on a sunny slope at an altitude of 500-1200 meters. The greenhouse is equipped with basic facilities and an intelligent control system. The basic facilities include exhaust fans, wet curtains, irrigation systems, and internal and external shade nets; Step 2: Select the provenance of Sophora flavescens: Select a 5-year-old Sophora flavescens plant with a ground diameter of more than 4 mm, a tree height of more than 35 cm, 3-5 compound leaves, and strong artificial cultivation as the mother plant; Step 3: Select the cultivation substrate and standardized cultivation: Use peat and perlite mixed thoroughly at a volume ratio of 5:1 as the cultivation substrate, control the pH of the cultivation substrate to be 4.5, and the organic matter content to be 151 g·kg -1 ; Transplant standardizedly into a nutrient bowl with a caliber of 20 cm, a bottom diameter of 15 cm, and a height of 20 cm, with 1 plant in each bowl, and neatly arrange them on the ground at a plant spacing of 50 cm; Step 4: Create a lighting environment: Adjust the lighting conditions in the greenhouse through internal and external shade nets and intelligent control systems; Step 5: Create a suitable temperature environment: adjust the greenhouse temperature through exhaust fans, wet curtains and intelligent control systems to control the temperature at 20-28°C; Step 6: Watering: When the volumetric water content of the greenhouse nutrient pot cultivation matrix soil is less than 20%, turn on the sprinkler system for watering; Step 7: Apply organic fertilizer: Apply 20 grams of organic fertilizer per plant in early spring and 15 days after fruit thinning; Step 8: Cuttings of long branches: When the inflorescence is formed in April, thin out the long branches for cuttings. Only one branch with inflorescence is left on a Sophora flavescens plant, and the rest are thinned out as long branches; Step 9: Flower thinning and artificial cross-pollination during the flowering period: During the flowering period from late May to early June, first remove the remaining flowers, young fruits and unopened flowers, leaving only fresh flowers that can be pollinated to complete cross-pollination; Step 10: Manual fruit thinning: In early July, 30 days after the mother plant is artificially pollinated, fruit thinning is carried out according to the standard of leaving 6-8 young fruits on each plant; Step 11: Seed harvesting and sand storage: Harvest the fruits in late October every year when the fruit length is about 1 cm, the fruit color changes from green to dark blue, and the fruit stalk begins to dry. Mix the harvested fruits evenly with moist river sand, tie them with a densely meshed wire mesh, and then store them outdoors in the sand to keep the river sand moist. Step 12: Sowing in nutrient pots: Take out the fruits in early March of the following year and sow them in nutrient pots with a diameter of 15 cm, a bottom diameter of 10 cm, and a height of 15 cm. Sow one seed in each nutrient pot, and the sowing depth is 5 cm. Step 13: Seedling management: The seeds germinate in late April of the following year. Apply organic fertilizer for the first time after the seedlings have grown for 2 months. Apply organic fertilizer once in early spring and early autumn every year. Repot the 3-year-old seedlings, and use the substrate and nutrient pots with the same steps as in step 3. Remove the inflorescences of the 3-year-old and 4-year-old seedlings to prevent premature flowering that affects their nutritional growth. The 5-year-old Sophora flavescens is used as germplasm resources to breed the next generation.

2. A method for improving the propagation coefficient of Sophora flavescens according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step 4, the light adjustment in the greenhouse is to open the inner and outer shade nets before 9 am in sunny weather, after 4 pm in the afternoon, and in rainy weather to ensure medium light intensity; or to use the inner and outer shade nets from 9 am to 4 pm in sunny weather to avoid strong light to prevent the leaves from being burned by high temperature and high light.

3. A method for improving the propagation coefficient of Sophora flavescens according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step 7, before applying fertilizer, remove weeds to improve fertilizer efficiency.

4. A method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in step 8, the leggy branches are cut into cuttings 5-8 cm long according to one node, one leaf and one bud. Leave 1 cm of the branch above the node and 4-7 cm of the branch below the node. Cut off three-fifths of the leaves to reduce transpiration and water loss. One leggy branch can be cut into 3-5 cuttings of different lengths. Soak the lower part of the cuttings in naphthalene acetic acid with a concentration of 100 mg / L for 1 hour, and then insert them into the cultivation substrate. The insertion depth is about 4 cm. Shade and keep the soil moist. After 15 days, gradually reduce the soil humidity and the degree of shading until normal management.

5. A method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, the cross-pollination in step 9 is specifically to cut off its petals with scissors to expose the stamens and pistils, and then cut off the stamens of each small flower and make marks. Finally, hold the filament with forceps and gently rub the anthers of one Sophora tonkinensis on the stigma of another Sophora tonkinensis 5 times to complete cross-pollination.

6. A method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, in step 10, when thinning fruits, select the young fruits with poor growth and too dense distribution to ensure that the fruits are more evenly distributed on the fruiting branches.

7. A method for increasing the propagation coefficient of Sophora tonkinensis, as described in claim 1, characterized in that, it further includes the following steps: Step 14: Comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests: Usually, pay attention to the air circulation in the greenhouse, reasonable close planting, weed cleaning, reducing the entry of irrelevant personnel into the greenhouse, and reducing the risk of pathogen introduction and occurrence. If other diseases and pests are found, symptomatic drugs need to be used to reduce the harm.