Laser assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing apparatus and method

Abstract

The application relates to a laser-assisted micro-anode local area electro-deposition additive manufacturing device and method, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing and local area electro-deposition. A support is fixed on a base, a screw rod device is installed above the support and is connected with an xy-axis moving device, a z-axis moving device is installed on the xy-axis moving device, a micro-anode device is connected to the z-axis moving device, a printing chamber is installed on an adjustable support and can move along the z-axis, a light modulation device is installed on an adjustable frame and can move along the z-axis, and the adjustable frame and a laser are fixed on the base. The method combines laser modulation technology and electrochemical deposition technology, uses laser modulation to generate patterned light to generate a virtual electrode for local area electro-deposition, greatly improves printing resolution and part performance, further improves printing precision, avoids the generation of thermal residual stress in the metal part, the performance of the part is more superior, and the method is used for micron-level metal part manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of additive manufacturing technology and local electrodeposition technology, and specifically relates to a laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device and method. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing technology, also known as additive manufacturing, is a technology that uses digital model files as the basis, slices the model into layers, and uses adhesive materials such as powdered metal or polymers to construct objects by printing layer by layer.

[0003] Localized electrochemical deposition (LECD) is an emerging, unconventional manufacturing technology, originating from precision electroforming and electroplating. It is a novel additive manufacturing technique that forms three-dimensional structures layer by layer at the atomic scale. LECD can print microcomponents or create structures directly at the atomic scale, without any molds or supports, and without any external heat source, thus eliminating thermal stress during the deposition process. LECD requires neither a strict vacuum nor an inert gas environment. Therefore, the process is simple, convenient, and low-cost.

[0004] Existing local electrochemical deposition technologies include crescent-shaped electrolyte-constrained electrodeposition and micro-anode localized electrodeposition. Crescent-shaped electrolyte-constrained electrodeposition uses the surface tension of the liquid to form a micro-nanoscale crescent-shaped electrolyte mass between the anode and the cathode as an electrochemical deposition reaction cell. However, it is limited by the insufficient hydraulic pressure of the hydraulic head, resulting in the inability of the crescent-shaped liquid mass to exist stably at an outlet diameter of hundreds of microns, thereby reducing the printing accuracy and printing speed. Micro-anode localized electrodeposition uses a micro-anode as a printing head and a cathode as a printing substrate. Both the anode and the cathode are immersed in the electrolyte. When a voltage is applied between the anode electrode and the cathode substrate, the generated electric field intensity will be concentrated near the micro-anode. The metal ions in the electrolyte solution are reduced around the bottom of the micro-anode to form metal atoms, thereby producing deposits on the cathode. However, the printing resolution of this method is limited by the size of the micro-anode, and the anode positioning accuracy is insufficient.

[0005] In summary, due to the limitations of the printing method, the existing LECD technology has problems such as low printing resolution and low anode positioning accuracy that need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device and method to solve the problems of low printing resolution and low anode positioning accuracy in LECD technology due to the limitation of printing methods.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device, including a base, a bracket, a screw device, an xy-axis moving device, a z-axis moving device, a micro-anode device, a printing chamber, an adjustable bracket, a light modulation device, an adjustable mirror frame, and a laser, wherein the bracket is fixed on the base, the screw device is installed above the bracket and is simultaneously connected to the xy-axis moving device, the z-axis moving device is installed on the xy-axis moving device, the micro-anode device is connected to the z-axis moving device, the printing chamber is installed on the adjustable bracket and can be moved in the z-axis, the light modulation device is installed on the adjustable mirror frame and can be moved in the z-axis, and the adjustable mirror frame and the laser are fixed on the base.

[0008] The screw device comprises screw supports at both ends, a screw, and a stepping motor, wherein the screw supports at both ends are connected to the top of the bracket through bolts.

[0009] The xy-axis moving device includes a moving bracket 1, two screw supports, a screw, a moving bracket 2, and a stepping motor, wherein the moving bracket 1 is composed of a bracket platform 1 and a nut block 1, and the nut block 1 is fixed at the bottom of the bracket platform 1. The rotation of the screw device drives the nut block 1 to move, thereby driving the xy-axis moving device to move freely in one direction in the horizontal plane. The moving bracket 2 is composed of a bracket platform 2, a nut block 2, and a motor housing, and the nut block 2 is fixed at the top of the moving bracket 2. The screw is fixed above the moving bracket 1 through the screw supports at both ends. The rotation of the screw drives the nut block 2 to move, thereby driving the xy-axis moving device to move freely in another direction in the horizontal plane.

[0010] The z-axis moving device includes a stepper motor, a gear, and a rack. The rotation of the stepper motor drives the rotation of the gear, which in turn drives the rack to move freely along the z direction. The bottom of the rack is processed into a rectangular shape and is connected to the micro-anode device through an insulating block, which can ultimately realize the free movement of the micro-anode device along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis.

[0011] The micro-anode device includes an insulating block, a disc, a copper column, and a micro-anode, wherein the copper column is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the micro-anode is composed of a shell, epoxy resin, and platinum wire. The insulating block connects the z-axis moving device to the micro-anode device, so that the micro-anode device can move along the xyz three axes and remain directly above the virtual cathode with adjustable spacing. The micro-anode is sealed with epoxy resin glue, and the bottom end needs to be smoothed with a grinder to ensure that the electric field strength near the micro-anode is concentrated between the anode and cathode during deposition.

[0012] The printing chamber includes conductive tape, indium tin oxide, nano-titanium dioxide, and a glass cover, wherein the conductive tape is fixed to the edge of the indium tin oxide and the bottom and inner wall of the glass cover, the indium tin oxide is fixed to the center of the bottom of the glass cover, the nano-titanium dioxide is deposited on the indium tin oxide by a hydrothermal method, and the conductive tape is connected to the negative pole of the power supply.

[0013] The adjustable bracket is composed of a fixing plate, a slider, a bolt, and a support rod. The fixing plate is fixed on the slider, the slider can move up and down along the support rod, the bolt is used to fix the slider, and the support rod is fixed on the base.

[0014] The light modulation device is used to connect with a computer. The computer inputs a pattern into the light modulation device. The laser emits laser light through the light modulation device to form patterned light.

[0015] The adjustable frame consists of a fixing plate, a support rod, a bolt, and a slider. The fixing plate is fixed on the slider, the support rod is fixed on the base, the slider can move up and down along the support rod, and the bolt is used to fix the slider.

[0016] The laser beam emitted by the laser is modulated by the light modulating device, passes through the glass cover and indium tin oxide, and irradiates the nano titanium dioxide.

[0017] An additive manufacturing method using a laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) Preparation of electrodeposition metal salt solution: The prepared material is a salt solution of a single metal ion, powdered sulfate is dissolved in deionized water, and an appropriate amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is added to stabilize the pH value of the solution to obtain the desired electrodeposition metal salt solution;

[0019] (2) Part model data conversion: Use Catia software to build the part model, slice the model in the Z direction and process it in layers, so that the thickness of each layer is nanometer level, and import the graphic information of each layer of the model into the calculation control program;

[0020] (3) Injection of metal salt solution: inject the metal ion solution into the printing chamber so that the liquid level of the metal ion solution is higher than the upper surface of the nano-titanium dioxide;

[0021] (4) Printing of microscopic metal parts: Connect the copper column of the micro-anode device and the conductive tape of the printing chamber to the anode and cathode wires of the electrochemical DC power supply, and turn on the electrochemical DC power supply; turn on the laser and the light modulation device, so that the light modulation device converts the graphic information of each layer of the model into patterned light of a specific cross-sectional shape, and irradiates the nano-titanium dioxide through the glass cover and indium tin oxide. Nano-titanium dioxide has good photoelectrocatalytic activity: when the laser is irradiated on the surface of nano-titanium dioxide, the electrons in the valence band are excited to the conduction band, and the excited electrons reach the interface of the electrolyte and participate in the metal ion reduction reaction. When the laser is irradiated, the holes left after the valence band excites the electrons are transferred to the interface and participate in the oxidation reaction of water molecules, while the redox reaction does not occur in the area without laser irradiation, so that a virtual electrode with the same shape as the patterned light is formed on the surface of the nano-titanium dioxide. Under the action of the current, the metal cations in the solution above the area obtain electrons and are reduced to metals, which are deposited on the nano-titanium dioxide to form a metal layer with the same shape as the patterned light. The patterned light output by the laser and the light modulation device will change at all times according to the slice data of the metal model. As the micro-anode device moves, the metal parts are printed out one by one.

[0022] (5) Cleaning and drying of parts: After printing is completed, turn off the electrochemical DC power supply, disconnect the copper column of the microanode device and the conductive tape in the printing chamber from the anode and cathode wires of the electrochemical DC power supply, move the microanode device to the top of the device using the z-axis moving device, remove it from the solution with tweezers, clean the parts and dry them.

[0023] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] (1) By combining laser modulation technology with electrochemical deposition technology, a new method for additive manufacturing of micro-nano-sized metal structures has been developed. Laser modulation is used to generate patterned light to produce virtual electrodes for local electrodeposition, which greatly improves the printing resolution and part performance, solves the problem of low printing accuracy of existing methods, and can realize the manufacturing of complex three-dimensional structures.

[0025] (2) The present invention uses laser modulation to generate patterned light to produce a virtual electrode on the nano-titanium dioxide layer, replacing the metal cathode substrate of traditional electrochemical additive manufacturing, improving the printing resolution, further reducing the deposition substrate, solving the problem that the existing method cannot truly form one surface at a time, and further improving the printing accuracy.

[0026] (3) The present invention is used for manufacturing micron-level metal parts and has potential in the fields of precision machinery manufacturing such as aerospace, medical treatment, and electronics.

[0027] (4) The invention avoids the generation of thermal residual stress inside the metal parts, and the performance of the parts is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the screw device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the xy-axis moving device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a mobile bracket of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mobile bracket 2 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the z-axis moving device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the micro-anode device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the micro-anode of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the printing chamber of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable bracket of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustable glasses frame of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] See also Figure 1 , a laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device includes a base 1, a bracket 2, a screw device 3, an xy-axis moving device 4, a z-axis moving device 5, a micro-anode device 6, a printing chamber 7, an adjustable bracket 8, a light modulation device 9, an adjustable mirror frame 10, and a laser 11, wherein the bracket 2 is fixed on the base 1, the screw device 3 is installed above the bracket 2 and is simultaneously connected to the xy-axis moving device 4, the z-axis moving device 5 is installed on the xy-axis moving device 4, the micro-anode device 6 is connected to the z-axis moving device 5, the printing chamber 7 is installed on the adjustable bracket 8 and can be moved in the z-axis, the light modulation device 9 is installed on the adjustable mirror frame 10 and can be moved in the z-axis, and the adjustable mirror frame 10 and the laser 11 are fixed on the base.

[0040] See also Figure 2 The screw device 3 includes screw supports 301 at both ends, a screw 302, and a stepping motor 304, wherein the screw supports 301 at both ends are connected to the top of the bracket 2 by bolts.

[0041] See also Figure 3 、 4 5. The xy-axis moving device 4 includes a moving bracket 401, two screw supports 402, a screw 403, a moving bracket 2 404, and a stepping motor 406. The moving bracket 401 is composed of a bracket platform 40101 and a nut block 40102. The nut block 40102 is fixed to the bottom of the bracket platform 40101. The rotation of the screw device 3 drives the nut block 40102 to move, thereby driving the xy-axis moving device 4 along a horizontal plane. The movable bracket 2 404 is composed of a bracket platform 2 40401, a nut block 2 40402, and a motor housing 40403. The nut block 2 40402 is fixed on the top of the movable bracket 2 40401, and the screw 403 is fixed above the movable bracket 1 401 through the screw supports 402 at both ends. The rotation of the screw 403 drives the nut block 2 40402 to move, and then drives the xy-axis moving device 4 to move freely in another direction in the horizontal plane.

[0042] See also Figure 6 The z-axis moving device 5 includes a stepper motor 501, a gear 502, and a rack 503. The rotation of the stepper motor 501 drives the rotation of the gear 502, and then drives the rack 503 to move freely along the z direction. The bottom of the rack 503 is processed into a rectangular shape and is connected to the micro-anode device 6 through an insulating block 601, which can ultimately realize the free movement of the micro-anode device 6 along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis.

[0043] See also Figure 7 、 8 The micro-anode device 6 includes an insulating block 601, a disk 602, a copper column 603, and a micro-anode 604, wherein the copper column 603 is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The micro-anode is composed of a shell 60401, epoxy resin 60402, and platinum wire 60403. The insulating block 601 connects the z-axis moving device 5 with the micro-anode device 6, so that the micro-anode device 6 can move along the xyz three axes and remain directly above the virtual cathode with adjustable spacing. The micro-anode 604 is sealed with epoxy resin 60402, and the bottom end needs to be smoothed with a grinder to ensure that the electric field strength near the micro-anode 604 is concentrated between the cathode and cathode during deposition.

[0044] See also Figure 9The printing chamber 7 includes a conductive tape 701, indium tin oxide 702, nano-titanium dioxide 703, and a glass cover 704, wherein the conductive tape 701 is fixed to the edge of the indium tin oxide 702 and the bottom and inner wall of the glass cover 704, the indium tin oxide 702 is fixed to the center of the bottom of the glass cover 704, the nano-titanium dioxide 703 is deposited on the indium tin oxide 702 by a hydrothermal method, and the conductive tape 701 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply. During deposition, patterned light passes through the glass cover 704 and the indium tin oxide 702 and shines on the nano-titanium dioxide 703, making the nano-titanium dioxide 703 conductive only at the illuminated position, thereby performing surface-by-surface electrochemical deposition.

[0045] See also Figure 10 The adjustable bracket 8 is composed of a fixing plate 801, a slider 802, a bolt 803, and a support rod 804. The fixing plate 801 is fixed on the slider 802, and the slider 802 can move up and down along the support rod 804. The bolt 803 is used to fix the slider 802, and the support rod 804 is fixed on the base 1.

[0046] The light modulating device 9 is used to connect to a computer. The computer inputs a pattern into the light modulating device 9 , and the laser 11 emits laser light through the light modulating device 9 to form patterned light.

[0047] See also Figure 11 The adjustable frame 10 is composed of a fixing plate 1001, a support rod 1002, a bolt 1003, and a slider 1004. The fixing plate 1001 is fixed on the slider 1004, the support rod 1002 is fixed on the base 1, the slider 1004 can move up and down along the support rod 1002, and the bolt 1003 is used to fix the slider 1004.

[0048] The laser beam emitted by the laser 11 is modulated by the light modulator 9 and then passes through the glass cover 704 and the indium tin oxide 702 to irradiate the nano titanium dioxide 703 .

[0049] An additive manufacturing method using a laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device comprises the following steps:

[0050] (1) Preparation of electrodeposition metal salt solution: The prepared material is a salt solution of a single metal ion, powdered sulfate is dissolved in deionized water, and an appropriate amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is added to stabilize the pH value of the solution to obtain the desired electrodeposition metal salt solution;

[0051] (2) Part model data conversion: Use Catia software to build the part model, slice the model in the Z direction and process it in layers, so that the thickness of each layer is nanometer level, and import the graphic information of each layer of the model into the calculation control program;

[0052] (3) Injection of metal salt solution: inject the metal ion solution into the printing chamber so that the liquid level of the metal ion solution is higher than the upper surface of the nano-titanium dioxide 703;

[0053] (4) Printing of microscopic metal parts: Connect the copper column 603 of the micro-anode device 6 and the conductive tape 701 of the printing chamber 7 to the anode and cathode wires of the electrochemical DC power supply, and turn on the electrochemical DC power supply; turn on the laser 11 and the light modulator 9, so that the light modulator 9 converts the graphic information of each layer of the model into patterned light of a specific cross-sectional shape, which is irradiated on the nano-titanium dioxide 703 through the glass cover 704 and the indium tin oxide 702. The nano-titanium dioxide 703 has good photoelectrocatalytic activity: when the laser is irradiated on the surface of the nano-titanium dioxide 703, the electrons in the valence band are excited to the conduction band. The excited electrons reach the interface of the electrolyte and participate in the metal Ion reduction reaction, at the same time, the holes left after the valence band excited electrons are transmitted to the interface and participate in the oxidation reaction of water molecules, while the redox reaction does not occur in the area without laser irradiation, so that a virtual electrode with the same shape as the patterned light is formed on the surface of the nano-titanium dioxide 703. Under the action of the current, the metal cations in the solution above the area obtain electrons and are reduced to metals, which are deposited on the nano-titanium dioxide 703 to form a metal layer, and the metal layer has the same shape as the patterned light; the patterned light output by the laser 11 and the light modulation device 9 will change at all times according to the slice data of the metal model, and as the micro-anode device 6 moves, the metal parts are printed out one by one;

[0054] (5) Cleaning and drying of parts: After printing is completed, turn off the electrochemical DC power supply, disconnect the copper pillar 603 of the micro-anode device 6 and the conductive tape 701 of the printing chamber 7 from the anode and cathode wires of the electrochemical DC power supply, and move the micro-anode device 6 to the top of the device using the z-axis moving device 5. Use tweezers to remove it from the solution, clean the parts, and dry them.

Claims

1. A laser-assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device, characterized by: The device comprises a base, a bracket, a lead screw device, an xy-axis moving device, a z-axis moving device, a micro-anode device, a printing chamber, an adjustable bracket, a light modulation device, an adjustable mirror frame, and a laser, wherein the bracket is fixed on the base, the lead screw device is installed above the bracket and is connected to the xy-axis moving device at the same time, the z-axis moving device is installed on the xy-axis moving device, the micro-anode device is connected to the z-axis moving device, the printing chamber is installed on the adjustable bracket and can be moved in the z-axis, the light modulation device is installed on the adjustable mirror frame and can be moved in the z-axis, and the adjustable mirror frame and the laser are fixed on the base; The microanode device includes an insulating block, a circular disk, a copper column, and a microanode. The copper column is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. The microanode is composed of a shell, epoxy resin, and platinum wire. The insulating block connects the z-axis moving device to the microanode device, allowing the microanode device to move along the xyz axes and remain directly above the virtual cathode with adjustable spacing. The microanode is sealed with epoxy resin, and the bottom end needs to be smoothed with a grinder to ensure that the electric field strength near the microanode is concentrated between the cathode and the cathode during deposition. The printing chamber includes conductive tape, indium tin oxide, nano-titanium dioxide, and a glass cover, wherein the conductive tape is fixed to the edge of the indium tin oxide and the bottom and inner wall of the glass cover, the indium tin oxide is fixed to the center of the bottom of the glass cover, the nano-titanium dioxide is deposited on the indium tin oxide by a hydrothermal method, and the conductive tape is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply; The light modulation device is used to connect to a computer. The computer inputs a pattern into the light modulation device. The laser emits laser light through the light modulation device to form patterned light. The laser beam emitted by the laser is modulated by the light modulation device and then passes through the glass cover and indium tin oxide to irradiate the nano titanium dioxide.

2. The laser-assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screw device comprises screw supports at both ends, a screw, and a stepping motor, wherein the screw supports at both ends are connected to the top of the bracket through bolts.

3. The laser-assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The xy-axis moving device includes a moving bracket 1, two screw supports, a screw, a moving bracket 2, and a stepping motor, wherein the moving bracket 1 is composed of a bracket platform 1 and a nut block 1, and the nut block 1 is fixed at the bottom of the bracket platform 1. The rotation of the screw device drives the nut block 1 to move, thereby driving the xy-axis moving device to move freely in one direction in the horizontal plane. The moving bracket 2 is composed of a bracket platform 2, a nut block 2, and a motor housing, and the nut block 2 is fixed at the top of the moving bracket 2. The screw is fixed above the moving bracket 1 through the screw supports at both ends. The rotation of the screw drives the nut block 2 to move, thereby driving the xy-axis moving device to move freely in another direction in the horizontal plane.

4. The laser-assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The z-axis moving device includes a stepper motor, a gear, and a rack. The rotation of the stepper motor drives the rotation of the gear, which in turn drives the rack to move freely along the z direction. The bottom of the rack is processed into a rectangular shape and is connected to the micro-anode device through an insulating block, which can ultimately realize the free movement of the micro-anode device along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis.

5. The laser-assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable bracket is composed of a fixing plate, a slider, a bolt, and a support rod. The fixing plate is fixed on the slider, the slider can move up and down along the support rod, the bolt is used to fix the slider, and the support rod is fixed on the base.

6. The laser-assisted micro-anode localized electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustable frame consists of a fixing plate, a support rod, a bolt, and a slider. The fixing plate is fixed on the slider, the support rod is fixed on the base, the slider can move up and down along the support rod, and the bolt is used to fix the slider.

7. An additive manufacturing method using the laser-assisted micro-anode local electrodeposition additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Preparation of electrodeposition metal salt solution: The prepared material is a salt solution of a single metal ion. Powdered sulfate is dissolved in deionized water, and an appropriate amount of concentrated sulfuric acid is added to stabilize the pH value of the solution to obtain the desired electrodeposition metal salt solution; (2) Part model data conversion: Use Catia software to build the part model, slice the model in the Z direction and process it in layers, so that the thickness of each layer is nanometer level, and import the graphic information of each layer of the model into the calculation control program; (3) Injection of metal salt solution: inject the metal ion solution into the printing chamber so that the liquid level of the metal ion solution is higher than the upper surface of nano-titanium dioxide; (4) Printing of microscopic metal parts: Connect the copper pillars of the microanode device and the conductive tape in the printing chamber to the anode and cathode wires of the electrochemical DC power supply, and turn on the electrochemical DC power supply; Turn on the laser and light modulator, so that the light modulator converts the graphic information of each layer of the model into patterned light of a specific cross-sectional shape, and irradiates the nano-titanium dioxide through the glass cover and indium tin oxide. Nano-titanium dioxide has good photoelectrocatalytic activity: when the laser is irradiated on the surface of the nano-titanium dioxide, the electrons in the valence band are excited to the conduction band. The excited electrons reach the interface of the electrolyte and participate in the metal ion reduction reaction. At the same time, the holes left after the valence band excited electrons are transmitted to the interface and participate in the oxidation reaction of water molecules. In the area without laser irradiation, no redox reaction occurs, so that a virtual electrode with the same shape as the patterned light is formed on the surface of the nano-titanium dioxide. Under the action of current, the metal cations in the solution above this area obtain electrons and are reduced to metals, which are deposited on the nano-titanium dioxide to form a metal layer, and the metal layer has the same shape as the patterned light. The patterned light output by the laser and light modulator will change constantly according to the slice data of the metal model. As the micro-anode device moves, the metal parts are printed out one by one. (5) Cleaning and drying of parts: After printing is completed, turn off the electrochemical DC power supply, disconnect the copper column of the microanode device and the conductive tape in the printing chamber from the anode and cathode wires of the electrochemical DC power supply, move the microanode device to the top of the device using the z-axis moving device, remove it from the solution with tweezers, clean the parts and dry them.

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