A method for strengthening a rubble wall with an embedded T-shaped steel - mortar steel mesh

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for strengthening a stone masonry structure wall, and particularly to a method for strengthening a rubble stone wall with embedded T-shaped steel and mortar reinforced steel mesh. The strengthening method of the present invention includes wall surface treatment, horizontal punching of the wall, laying of the steel mesh, installation of tie bars, laying of embedded T-shaped steel, laying of angle steel, and construction of spraying mortar on the inner wall surface. The embedded T-shaped steel implanted by grooving at the mortar joint on the outer side of the wall proposed by the present invention can not only effectively prevent the pulverization and weathering problems of the mortar in the mortar joint, but also further improve the integrity and stiffness of the stone structure house, and can also improve the seismic performance of the structure, and has ornamental value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for strengthening the wall of a stone masonry structure, and more particularly to a method for strengthening a rubble wall with embedded T-shaped steel and mortar steel mesh Background Art

[0002] The stone masonry structure has a long history in China and plays an important role in Chinese buildings. Whether in the past, present or future, the stone masonry structure will always play an irreplaceable role. The main load-bearing member of the stone masonry structure is stone, which also has high compressive capacity and a long service life. Therefore, stone masonry houses can be preserved after hundreds of years. Stone is easily accessible and can be processed by craftsmen into regular dressed stones or rubble stones and then used to build the main body of the house. The sizes of dressed stones are not uniform and are made according to the requirements of the users.

[0003] Earthquakes have a great impact on the safe use of stone masonry structures. Earthquakes are caused by the collision of tectonic plates in the earth's crust. During the collision, vibrations are generated and seismic waves are also produced. Until now, earthquakes are still natural disasters that we cannot resist. They are sudden, destructive and uncontrollable, and have a devastating effect on buildings, especially on buildings with a certain age.

[0004] Currently, common methods for strengthening stone structures include the method of strengthening with a reinforced concrete surface layer, the method of strengthening with a cement mortar surface layer with steel mesh, adding buttresses, etc. However, the above methods all cause damage to the appearance of the stone structure and cannot retain the appearance characteristics of the stone structure. Therefore, for rural houses that need to retain the appearance of the stone structure and ancient buildings such as ancestral halls with historical and cultural value, there is currently no good strengthening method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for strengthening a rubble wall with embedded T-shaped steel and mortar steel mesh. This method not only retains the inherent appearance characteristics of the stone structure, but also effectively improves the integrity and seismic performance of the stone structure house.

[0006] A method for strengthening a rubble wall with embedded T-shaped steel and mortar steel mesh, the strengthening method comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Wall surface treatment: Clean the surface layer of the indoor rubble masonry wall, and use high-pressure water to remove the severely pulverized and ineffective masonry bonding materials on the surface and inside of the wall to expose a clear rubble wall; Open T-shaped grooves for the exterior wall joints (including joints at door and window openings), and open dumbbell-shaped notches at the midpoints of the horizontal joints (joints between the slab stones and the through stones) between two lime joints and two through stones, and at the midpoints of the vertical joints between two slab stones; Chisel vertical strip-shaped notches on the wall surface at the junction of the exterior wall and the eaves, and at the junction of the exterior wall and the foundation stone;

[0008] 2) Horizontal punching of the wall: The horizontal punching positions are at the four corners of the rubble stones, except at the connection with the foundation stone. Circular holes are drilled horizontally through the entire wall thickness along the wall, and steel bar holes are drilled on the facing stones and the foundation stone at the strip-shaped notch between the outer wall and the foundation stone;

[0009] 3) Laying the steel bar mesh: The steel bar mesh is arranged on the inner side of the wall. The vertical steel bars at the bottom of the steel bar mesh are fixed to the foundation stone by post-inserting steel bars, and the upper part of the steel bar mesh is fixed by spot connection;

[0010] 4) Installing the tension tie bars: The tension tie bars have straight hooks on the indoor side. The tension tie bars are inserted from the inside to the outside along the horizontal punching holes, and the part extending into the indoor side is tied and connected to the steel bar mesh; Finally, high-strength concrete mortar is injected along the horizontal punching holes. After the mortar solidifies, the steel bar mesh can be kept stable;

[0011] 5) Laying the embedded T-shaped steel: High-performance mortar is filled in the dumbbell-shaped notch, and then the dumbbell-shaped anchoring member is placed; High-performance mortar is filled in the horizontal T-shaped groove, and then the horizontal embedded T-shaped steel is arranged along the mortar joint throughout the length; High-performance mortar is filled in the vertical T-shaped groove, and then the vertical embedded T-shaped steel is arranged along the mortar joint. The T-shaped steel is fitted with the dumbbell-shaped anchoring member; After the mortar hardens, the vertical embedded T-shaped steel is welded to the horizontal embedded T-shaped steel, and at the same time, the tension tie bars, dumbbell-shaped connectors and the embedded T-shaped steel are bolt-connected;

[0012] 6) Laying the angle steel: High-performance mortar is filled in the rectangular notch at the junction of the outer wall and the eaves and at the junction of the outer wall and the foundation stone, and then the angle steel member is placed. After the mortar hardens, the angle steel is bolt-connected to the implanted steel bars. Finally, the connections between the angle steel and the foundation stone and between the angle steel and the eaves are all made by post-inserting steel bars;

[0013] 7) Construction of spraying mortar on the inner wall surface: The inner wall surface is reinforced by spraying mortar on the inner wall steel bar mesh, and plastering construction is carried out after the mortar hardens;

[0014] 8) Surface treatment of the outer wall: Cut off the protruding wall bolts, fill the gaps, and carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the steel surface.

[0015] Preferably, in step 2), the diameter of the circular hole is 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the tension tie anchor bolt.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3), the steel bar mesh is selected from plain round steel bars or hot-rolled ribbed steel bars.

[0017] Preferably, in step 3), the diameter of the vertical load-bearing steel bars of the steel bar mesh is not less than 8 mm, the diameter of the horizontal load-bearing steel bars is not less than 6 mm, and the mesh size is not less than 300 mm.

[0018] Preferably, in step 7), sprayed cement mortar is used on the inner side of the wall, 2 - 3 layers are sprayed, and the thickness of each layer is 10 mm - 15 mm, finally obtaining a cement mortar surface layer.

[0019] Preferably, the method for strengthening the rubble masonry wall further includes the following steps: grouting the severely damaged parts in the inner wall gravel area, sealing the stone joints of the outer wall T-shaped steel with high-performance mortar, and grouting each section of the gravel area by means of sectional grouting.

[0020] Preferably, the "section" means that the section from the foundation to the bottom of the first bed joint stone is the first section, the section from the bottom of the bed joint stone to the bottom of the next bed joint stone is the second section, and so on until the section from the bottom of the last bed joint stone to the top of the wall is the last section.

[0021] Preferably, in each section of the inner wall gravel area, a certain number of grouting holes are arranged, grouting sleeves are inserted into the punching holes, and then grout is injected into the gravel area through the grouting sleeves.

[0022] Advantages of the present invention:

[0023] (1) The method proposed by the present invention can effectively meet the requirements for the appearance protection of rural houses with stone masonry structures and ancient stone masonry buildings with a history of hundreds of years, without affecting the building usable area or the appearance of the structure.

[0024] (2) The flat steel arranged on the outer side of the wall and embedded in the mortar joint proposed by the present invention can not only effectively prevent problems such as powdering, weathering, and falling off of the mortar in the mortar joint, but also make the stone structure house more ornamental.

[0025] (3) The double four-corner anchorage area proposed by the present invention can effectively prevent the damage, weathering, and flashing of each rubble stone, effectively improve the integrity of the wall, and is more conducive to improving the seismic resistance of the structure.

[0026] (4) The method of grooving and replacing grout adopted by the present invention can cause secondary damage to the wall as small as possible, and the replaced mortar is high-strength mortar, which can significantly enhance the structural strength.

[0027] (5) The anchoring bolt holes opened in the present invention are located at the four corners of the rubble stones and are tensioned with the inner steel mesh, minimizing the damage to the stone masonry wall itself as much as possible, and being able to better improve the structural integrity and seismic resistance.

[0028] (6) The outer wall proposed by the present invention is connected to the inner wall steel mesh through the flat steel strip at the door opening and right-angle steel is inserted at the connection between the outer wall and the foundation for connection and fixation, which can better improve the integrity and seismic performance of the masonry structure.

[0029] Anchoring bolts and dumbbell-shaped anchoring members are arranged at the intersection of the T-shaped steels to form a double four-corner anchorage geometrically invariant system, which can greatly improve the wall strength, integrity, and seismic resistance.

[0030] Open T-shaped grooves. When slurry replacement treatment is carried out, the main structure will not be damaged and its use will not be affected. When opening holes, just open holes at the four corners of the rubble stones. The horizontal T-shaped steel and the vertical T-shaped steel are connected by spot welding at the intersection to make the depth of the opened T-shaped grooves consistent, and minimize the secondary damage to the wall structure. All operations will not affect the normal use of the structure.

[0031] The dumbbell-shaped component connects the through stones and the large rubble stones. The embedded T-shaped steel is embedded at the middle mortar joint. The horizontal T-shaped steel reserves holes at the dumbbell-shaped anchoring component, fits with the dumbbell-shaped component, and is fixed by bolts, making the whole wall an integral body without affecting the appearance of the structure. Compared with the divergent tie device, it is easier to operate with the use of tie bolts for anchoring.

[0032] Insert right-angle angle steels into the notches on the walls at the intersections of the exterior wall and the eaves, and the exterior wall and the foundation, and fix them to the foundation and the eaves by implanting steel bars to enhance the seismic performance of the structure. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the wall reinforcement structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a layout diagram of the embedded T-shaped steel mesh on the outer side of the wall.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a layout diagram of the steel mesh on the inner side of the wall.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the unit square stone structure.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic sectional view of the rubble wall reinforced by the method of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of strip anchoring.

[0039] Figure 7 Existing structure drawing of the slurry-mortared rubble wall

[0040] Figure 8 Existing structure drawing of the embedded T-shaped steel structure

[0041] Figure 9 Existing structure drawing of the dumbbell-shaped anchoring device

[0042] Figure 10 Existing fitting structure drawing of the embedded T-shaped steel and the dumbbell-shaped anchoring device

[0043] Figure 11 Existing installation schematic diagram of the stone wall and the dumbbell-shaped component

[0044] In the figure: 1. Steel mesh; 2. Vertical embedded T-steel; 3. Horizontal embedded T-steel; 4. Anchor bolts; 5. Dumbbell-shaped anchor device; 6. Anchor bolts; 7. L-shaped right-angle steel; 8. Flat steel punching; 9. Double four-corner anchoring stability zone; 10. Mortar joint; 11. Horizontal steel bars; 12. Vertical steel bars; 13. Steel mesh connection node; 14. Cement mortar surface layer; 15. Stone sheet; 16. Tie stone; 17. Gravel area; 18. Foundation stone; 19. L-shaped right-angle steel reserved punching; 20. Full-length tie bar; 21. Anchor reserved punching; 22. Planting bar anchor belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following embodiments can enable those skilled in the art to more fully understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0047] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of the parts and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention. The techniques, methods and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the techniques, methods and equipment should be considered as part of the authorization specification.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. The directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0049] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention.

[0050] Most of the existing mortar-laid rough stone structure walls are Figure 7The structure shown includes through-wall bonding stones 16, rubble stones 15 on the outer side of the wall, and a crushed stone area 17 on the inner side of the wall. The stone-structured exterior wall is constructed by alternately laying one course of rubble stones and one course of bonding stones.

[0051] In view of the insufficient seismic measures of existing masonry rubble stone structure walls, local damage to the walls, weathering and exfoliation of rubble stones, etc., the present invention proposes a method for strengthening rubble stone walls with embedded T-shaped steel-mesh mortar. The following is a detailed introduction to the specific implementation of this method:

[0052] The method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0053] 1) Wall surface treatment: Clean the surface layer of the interior crushed stone masonry wall surface, and use high-pressure water to remove the severely pulverized and ineffective masonry bonding materials on the surface and inside of the wall to expose a clear crushed stone wall;

[0054] A Open a T-shaped groove in the exterior wall mortar joint (including the mortar joint at the door and window openings) (10);

[0055] B At the midpoint of the horizontal mortar joint (the mortar joint between the rubble stone and the bonding stone) between the mortar joints of two rubble stones (15) and two bonding stones (16);

[0056] C Open a dumbbell-shaped notch at the midpoint of the vertical mortar joint between two rubble stones;

[0057] D Chisel vertical strip-shaped notches on the wall surface at the junction of the exterior wall and the eaves and at the junction of the exterior wall and the foundation stone;

[0058] 2) Horizontal punching of the wall: The horizontal punching position is at the four corners of the rubble stone (15) (except at the connection with the foundation stone). Drill round holes (8) along the horizontal direction of the wall. The diameter of the round hole is 2 - 3 mm larger than the diameter of the tension anchor bolt. Chemical anchoring bars are implanted at the strip-shaped notches at the exterior wall and the foundation stone;

[0059] 3) Laying the steel mesh: The steel mesh 1 is arranged on the inner side of the wall. The steel mesh 1 is formed by horizontally and vertically welding plain round bars. As Figure 3 shown, it is a schematic diagram of the steel mesh 1 on the inner side of the wall. It can be seen from the figure that the upper part of the steel mesh 1 is anchored to the exterior wall through a full-length tie bar 20. The steel mesh 1 is composed of vertical distribution bars 12 and horizontal distribution bars 11. The intersection points of the vertical distribution bars 12 and the horizontal distribution bars 11 are the steel mesh nodes 13. The diameter of the vertical load-bearing bars of the steel mesh 1 is not less than 8 mm, the diameter of the horizontal load-bearing bars is not less than 6 mm, the mesh size is not less than 300 mm, and the steel mesh 1 maintains an appropriate distance from the original wall surface. The part of the steel mesh above the foundation is connected and anchored by points. The bottom steel mesh is provided with foundation anchoring bars. Then, the steel mesh is welded to the foundation anchoring bars through short bars, and the top of the steel mesh is connected by tension with the T-shaped steel. With such a setting, the steel mesh 1 forms the function of seismic structural measures. The schematic diagram of the anchoring bar is asFigure 6 As shown, it can be seen that the reserved punching holes 21 are provided on the anchoring belt 22, which is convenient for anchoring connection with the wall.

[0060] 4) Install the tension tie bars: Select tension tie bars with appropriate diameters. The tension tie bars have straight hooks on the indoor side. Pass the tension tie bars (4) through the horizontal punching holes from the inside to the outside, and bind and connect the extending part on the indoor side with the steel mesh (1); Finally, inject high-strength concrete mortar into the horizontal punching holes. After the mortar solidifies, the steel mesh can be kept stable. All the mortar filled in the notches is high-strength mortar to enhance the structural integrity and bonding strength.

[0061] 5) Lay the embedded T-shaped steel: Fill high-performance mortar in the dumbbell-shaped notches, and then place the dumbbell-shaped anchoring members (5). Gently hammer the dumbbell-shaped members to make the bottom plate of the members flush with the lower part of the T-shaped notch; Fill high-performance mortar in the horizontal T-shaped notch, and then arrange the horizontal embedded T-shaped steel (3) along the mortar joint throughout the length. Gently hammer the horizontal T-shaped steel to discharge the excess mortar and make the gap dense; Fill high-performance mortar in the vertical T-shaped notch, and then arrange the vertical embedded T-shaped steel (2) along the mortar joint and gently hammer the vertical T-shaped steel to discharge the excess mortar and make the gap dense. The T-shaped steel is fitted with the dumbbell-shaped anchoring members; After the mortar hardens, weld the vertical embedded T-shaped steel and the horizontal embedded T-shaped steel. At the same time, bolt-connect the tension tie bars, dumbbell-shaped connectors (5) and the embedded T-shaped steel; For the dumbbell-shaped anchoring members, after tightening the bolts, make sure they do not protrude excessively from the wall to avoid accidents. Make notch cutting at the connection of the T-shaped steel, the dumbbell-shaped anchoring structure and the tension tie bars, and open through holes suitable for the members. At the same time, in order to ensure that the T-shaped steel is flush with the outer wall surface, make adaptive treatments such as bending and thinning of the dumbbell-shaped anchoring members to reduce the thickness at the connection.

[0062] 6) Lay the angle steel: Fill high-performance mortar in the rectangular notches at the junctions of the outer wall and the eaves, and the outer wall and the foundation stone. Then place the angle steel members (7). After the mortar hardens, bolt-connect the angle steel with the implanted steel bars. Finally, connect the angle steel with the foundation stone and the angle steel with the eaves, both using the method of planting steel bars (19);

[0063] 7) Construction of spraying mortar on the inner wall surface: Reinforce the inner wall surface by spraying mortar on the inner wall steel mesh. After the mortar hardens, carry out plastering (14) construction;

[0064] 8) Treatment of the outer wall surface: Cut off the protruding wall screws, fill the gaps, and carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the steel surface.

[0065] If the inner wall gravel area is severely damaged, grouting treatment can be carried out: the T-shaped steel on the outer wall seals the stone joints through high-performance mortar, and the sectional grouting method is used to grout each section of the gravel area (17). The section here refers to a section composed of two adjacent through stones (16). For example, from the foundation to the bottom of the first through stone (16) is the first section, from the bottom of the through stone 16 to the bottom of the next through stone (16) is the second section, and so on for each section until from the bottom of the last through stone (16) to the top of the wall is the last section. A certain number of grouting punching holes are opened in the inner wall gravel area, grouting sleeves are inserted into the punching holes, and then grout is injected into the gravel area through the grouting sleeves until the grouting is completed. Of course, other grouting methods can also be adopted.

[0066] Further, the steel mesh and the T-shaped steel system are anchored by full-length tension bolts.

[0067] Furthermore, after the grouting is completed, cement mortar is smeared on the inner side of the wall in layers, 2 to 3 layers are smeared, and the thickness of each layer is 10 mm to 15 mm, and finally the cement mortar surface layer 14 is obtained. Water curing is carried out, and wall decoration is done if necessary.

Claims

1. A method for strengthening a rubble wall with an embedded T-shaped steel - mortar steel mesh, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Wall surface treatment: Clean the surface layer of the indoor rubble masonry wall. Use high-pressure water to remove the severely pulverized and ineffective masonry bonding materials on the surface and inside of the wall, exposing a clear rubble wall. Open T-shaped grooves for the exterior wall joints, including the joints at the door and window openings. Open dumbbell-shaped notches at the midpoints of the horizontal joints between two lime joints and two through stones, and at the midpoints of the vertical joints between two stones. Chisel vertical strip-shaped notches on the wall surface at the junction of the exterior wall and the eaves, and at the junction of the exterior wall and the foundation stone. 2) Horizontal punching of the wall: The horizontal punching positions are at the four corners of the rubble stones, except at the connection with the foundation stone. Drill round holes along the horizontal direction of the wall through the entire wall thickness. Drill steel bar holes on the facing stone and the foundation stone at the strip-shaped notches at the junction of the exterior wall and the foundation stone. 3) Laying the steel mesh: The steel mesh is arranged on the inner side of the wall. The vertical steel bars at the bottom of the steel mesh are fixed to the foundation stone by implanting steel bars, and the upper part of the steel mesh is fixed by point connection. 4) Installing the tension bar: The tension bar has a straight hook on the indoor side. Pass the tension bar through the horizontal punching from the inside to the outside, and tie it to the steel mesh on the indoor side. Finally, inject high-strength concrete mortar along the horizontal punching. After the mortar solidifies, the steel mesh can be kept stable. 5) Laying the embedded T-shaped steel: Fill high-performance mortar in the dumbbell-shaped notches, and then place the dumbbell-shaped anchoring components. Fill high-performance mortar in the horizontal T-shaped grooves, and then arrange the horizontal embedded T-shaped steel along the joint lengthwise. Fill high-performance mortar in the vertical T-shaped grooves, and then arrange the vertical embedded T-shaped steel along the joint. The T-shaped steel is fitted with the dumbbell-shaped anchoring components. After the mortar hardens, weld the vertical embedded T-shaped steel and the horizontal embedded T-shaped steel together. At the same time, bolt-connect the tension bar, the dumbbell-shaped connecting piece and the embedded T-shaped steel. 6) Laying the angle steel: Fill high-performance mortar in the rectangular notches at the junction of the exterior wall and the eaves, and at the junction of the exterior wall and the foundation stone. Then place the angle steel components. After the mortar hardens, bolt-connect the angle steel to the implanted steel bars. Finally, connect the angle steel to the foundation stone and the angle steel to the eaves, both using the method of implanting steel bars for connection. 7) Construction of spraying mortar on the inner wall: Strengthen the construction of the inner wall by spraying mortar on the steel mesh on the inner wall of the wall. After the mortar hardens, carry out plastering construction. 8) Exterior wall surface treatment: Cut off the protruding wall bolts, fill the gaps, and carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the steel surface.

2. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 1, wherein In step 2), the diameter of the round hole is 2 - 3 mm larger than the diameter of the tension anchor bolt.

3. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the steel mesh is selected from plain round steel bars or hot-rolled ribbed steel bars.

4. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3), the diameter of the vertical stress-bearing steel bars of the steel mesh is not less than 8 mm, the diameter of the horizontal stress-bearing steel bars is not less than 6 mm, and the grid size is not less than 300 mm.

5. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 1, wherein In step 7), spray cement mortar on the inner side of the wall in 2 - 3 layers, with each layer having a thickness of 10 mm - 15 mm, and finally obtain a cement mortar surface layer.

6. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes the following steps: grouting the severely damaged parts in the crushed stone area of the inner wall; sealing the stone joints of the external wall T-shaped steel with high-performance mortar; and adopting a segmented grouting method to grout each section of the crushed stone area.

7. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 6, characterized in that, The segmentation means that the section from the foundation to the bottom of the first row of through stones is the first section, the section from the bottom of the through stone to the bottom of the next row of through stones is the second section, and the process is repeated until the section from the bottom of the last row of through stones to the top of the wall is the last section.

8. The method for strengthening a rubble masonry wall according to claim 6, wherein In each section of the crushed stone area of the inner wall, a certain number of grouting holes are arranged, grouting sleeves are inserted into the punched holes, and then grout is injected into the crushed stone area through the grouting sleeves.

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