Early warning methods, systems, equipment and storage media for oil and gas well fracturing operations

Abstract

This invention discloses a method, system, equipment, and storage medium for early warning during oil and gas well fracturing operations. The method includes: real-time acquisition of fracturing parameters, including pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters; calculation of early warning pressure parameter thresholds, early warning displacement parameter thresholds, and early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds based on the pre-calculated pressure parameter thresholds and early warning construction pressure parameter thresholds; and providing early warning for the oil and gas well fracturing process based on the calculation results. This invention effectively avoids abnormal phenomena such as sand blockage and pressure channeling, and is cost-effective.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas fracturing construction technology, specifically relating to early warning methods, systems, equipment and storage media for oil and gas well fracturing construction processes. Background Technology

[0002] Fracturing is a primary technical means to enhance production in low-permeability oil and gas fields, and ensuring the effectiveness of fracturing measures is a crucial issue for oilfield developers. Due to the high integration, large equipment density, complex processes, and strong professional requirements of fracturing operations, the entire process needs real-time monitoring. The fracturing instrument vehicle, as the core equipment of the fracturing unit, uses various pressure and flow sensors and acquisition software deployed at the construction site to achieve real-time acquisition of process parameters, equipment control, and centralized display. Technicians on the instrument vehicle can adjust and make decisions based on changes in construction parameters during the process, preventing abnormal phenomena such as sand blockage and pressure channeling.

[0003] However, this technical support and supervision method has several problems: First, fracturing points are numerous, extensive, and widespread. As oilfield production targets shift towards ultra-low permeability shale oil, the number of large well groups and platforms is increasing year by year, placing higher demands on fracturing engineering technical support. The number of technical personnel is insufficient to meet the on-site support needs. Second, there is limited data at the construction well sites, and support personnel have limited expertise. Due to objective factors such as the technical capabilities and on-site experience of technical personnel, it is difficult to achieve integrated geological and technological early warning and decision-making. Third, each well requires a trip to the construction site, resulting in high vehicle and personnel costs, high safety risks, and low technical support efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method, system, equipment, and storage medium for early warning during oil and gas well fracturing operations, which can effectively prevent abnormal phenomena such as sand blockage and pressure channeling, and is low in cost.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for early warning during oil and gas well fracturing operations includes:

[0007] Real-time acquisition of fracturing operation parameters, including pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters;

[0008] The pressure parameter, the displacement parameter, and the sand concentration parameter are combined with the pre-calculated warning pressure parameter threshold, warning displacement parameter threshold, and warning sand concentration parameter threshold to calculate the warning pressure parameter threshold, which includes the warning fracture pressure parameter threshold and the warning construction pressure parameter threshold. The calculation results are used to provide early warning for the oil and gas well fracturing construction process.

[0009] Furthermore, the step of combining the pressure parameter, the displacement parameter, and the sand concentration parameter with pre-calculated warning pressure parameter threshold, warning displacement parameter threshold, and warning sand concentration parameter threshold to calculate and provide early warning for the oil and gas well fracturing operation process based on the calculation results specifically includes:

[0010] When the pressure parameter acquired in real time is greater than the warning rupture pressure parameter threshold, a high-pressure abnormality warning is issued.

[0011] When the real-time obtained displacement parameter is not zero, and the absolute value of the difference between the real-time obtained pressure parameter and the warning construction pressure parameter threshold divided by the warning construction pressure parameter threshold is greater than the first set value, an abnormal construction pressure warning is issued.

[0012] When the absolute value of the difference between the real-time obtained displacement parameter and the warning displacement parameter threshold divided by the value of the warning displacement parameter threshold is greater than the second set value, an abnormal construction displacement warning is issued.

[0013] When the absolute value of the difference between the real-time acquired sand concentration parameter and the warning sand concentration parameter threshold, divided by the value of the warning sand concentration parameter threshold, is greater than a third set value, an abnormal sand concentration warning is issued.

[0014] Furthermore, the calculation methods for the warning pressure parameter threshold, the warning discharge rate parameter threshold, and the warning sand concentration parameter threshold include:

[0015] Obtain historical fracturing curves, which include a set number of historical pressure curves, historical displacement curves, and historical sand concentration curves;

[0016] The set number of rupture pressures and construction pressures are calculated based on the historical pressure curves of the set number of pressures. The set number of rupture pressures are predicted using the first exponential smoothing method to obtain the warning rupture pressure parameter threshold. The set number of construction pressures are predicted using the first exponential smoothing method to obtain the warning construction pressure parameter threshold.

[0017] The set number of construction discharges is calculated based on the historical discharge curves of the set number of discharges, and the set number of construction discharges is predicted using the first exponential smoothing method to obtain the warning discharge parameter threshold.

[0018] The concentration of construction sand for a set number of times is calculated based on the historical sand concentration curve of the set number of times. The concentration of construction sand for the set number of times of times is predicted using the first exponential smoothing method, and the threshold value of the warning sand concentration parameter is obtained.

[0019] Furthermore, the step of calculating the set number of construction pressures based on the set number of historical pressure curves specifically includes:

[0020] Multiple pressures corresponding to multiple times are selected on each of the historical pressure curves, and the trimmean function is used to calculate the selected multiple pressures on each of the historical pressure curves to obtain the set number of construction pressures.

[0021] Furthermore, the step of calculating the set number of construction discharge volumes based on the set number of historical discharge volume curves specifically includes:

[0022] Multiple displacements corresponding to multiple times are selected on each of the historical displacement curves, and the average value of the multiple displacements selected on each of the historical displacement curves is calculated to obtain the set number of construction displacements; wherein, the multiple times selected on each of the historical displacement curves are the same as the multiple times selected on each of the historical pressure curves.

[0023] Further, the step of calculating the concentration of the set amount of construction sand based on the set amount of historical sand concentration curve specifically includes:

[0024] Multiple sand concentrations corresponding to multiple times are selected on each of the historical sand concentration curves. The averageif function is used to calculate the multiple sand concentrations selected on each of the historical sand concentration curves to obtain the set number of construction sand concentrations. The multiple times selected on each of the historical sand concentration curves are the same as the multiple times selected on each of the historical discharge curves.

[0025] An early warning system for oil and gas well fracturing operations includes:

[0026] The data acquisition module installed in the fracturing instrument vehicle is used to acquire the fracturing operation parameters collected in real time by the fracturing instrument vehicle and convert them into a unified standard data format. The fracturing operation parameters include pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters.

[0027] The data application module is used to calculate the pressure parameter, the displacement parameter, and the sand concentration parameter in combination with the pre-calculated warning pressure parameter threshold, warning displacement parameter threshold, and warning sand concentration parameter threshold. The warning pressure parameter threshold includes the warning fracture pressure parameter threshold and the warning construction pressure parameter threshold. The module provides early warning for the oil and gas well fracturing construction process based on the calculation results.

[0028] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0029] The data transmission module is used to transmit the fracturing operation parameters in the unified standard data format;

[0030] The data storage module is used to store the fracturing construction parameters in the unified standard data format.

[0031] An apparatus includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the early warning method for oil and gas well fracturing operations.

[0032] A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of an early warning method for oil and gas well fracturing operations.

[0033] Compared with existing technologies, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an early warning method for the fracturing process of oil and gas wells. By acquiring fracturing parameters in real time, including pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters, the method calculates early warning pressure parameter thresholds, early warning displacement parameter thresholds, and early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds based on the pre-calculated pressure parameter thresholds and early warning construction pressure parameter thresholds. The early warning pressure parameter thresholds include early warning fracture pressure parameter thresholds and early warning construction pressure parameter thresholds. Based on the calculation results, the method provides early warning for the fracturing process of oil and gas wells. Starting from a mathematical and statistical approach, it deepens the integration of information technology and professional technology, overcoming the problems of untimely early warning, low accuracy, and mostly qualitative analysis in conventional manual early warning. It realizes real-time automatic early warning of parameters during fracturing, reduces the workload of technical personnel in analysis and judgment, and realizes a remote monitoring mode of fracturing construction for "one person, multiple wells". It can effectively avoid abnormal phenomena such as sand blockage and pressure channeling, and has low cost. This invention can centrally display various parameters during the construction process and the changing trends of the entire construction process. The fracturing curve display is synchronized with the construction site, which not only reduces the travel fatigue of technical personnel, but also effectively solves the problem of "many wells, few people, and heavy tasks" during peak production periods.

[0034] The present invention provides an early warning system for oil and gas well fracturing construction process. Data acquisition does not require additional hardware equipment such as sensors, fully utilizes the data from the fracturing instrument vehicle, is simple to operate, and has a wide range of applications.

[0035] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1A schematic diagram of an early warning system architecture for oil and gas well fracturing operations.

[0038] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the data standardization process;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fracturing data transmission module process;

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the fracturing data application (monitoring and early warning) module architecture;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the warning results in the example;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the warning results in the example;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the warning results in the example;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the warning results in the example. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a method for early warning during oil and gas well fracturing operations includes:

[0047] S1. Real-time acquisition of fracturing operation parameters, including pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters.

[0048] S2. The pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters are combined with the pre-calculated warning pressure parameter threshold, warning displacement parameter threshold, and warning sand concentration parameter threshold to calculate the warning pressure parameter threshold, which includes the warning fracture pressure parameter threshold and the warning construction pressure parameter threshold. The calculation results are used to issue warnings for the oil and gas well fracturing construction process.

[0049] Based on the needs of oil and gas well fracturing operations and data collection, and following the principles of dynamism, discreteness, and operability, the early warning parameters for the construction process are determined to include pressure parameters, displacement parameters, and sand concentration parameters.

[0050] Specifically, in S2, the calculation methods for the warning pressure parameter threshold, the warning discharge parameter threshold, and the warning sand concentration parameter threshold include:

[0051] S2.1 Obtain historical fracturing curves. Oil and gas well fracturing curves are a set of curves that change over time with various parameters. They are an important reflection of the fracturing process and an important basis for evaluating the fracturing effect. They are mainly composed of pressure curves, displacement curves, sand concentration curves, etc. In this invention, historical fracturing curves include a set number of historical pressure curves, historical displacement curves, and historical sand concentration curves.

[0052] In this embodiment, for ease of description and explanation, the historical fracturing curves are recorded as including m historical pressure curves, m historical displacement curves, and m historical sand concentration curves.

[0053] More specifically, each fracturing curve consists of points representing pressure P, displacement Q, and sand concentration S as time changes. Therefore, the fracturing curve mentioned in this invention can be represented as: B(T, P, Q, S), where each fracturing curve corresponds to n sets of time, pressure, displacement, and sand concentration data points. Thus, each fracturing curve can be represented as:

[0054]

[0055] Each fracturing curve can yield a set of early warning parameter values. in, For the rupture pressure, Due to construction pressure, For construction displacement, Construction sand concentration. The pressure can be selected as either tubing pressure or casing pressure depending on the fracturing process.

[0056] In other words, each fracturing curve can yield a set of early warning parameter values. For details, please refer to the detailed descriptions in S2.2 to S2.4 below.

[0057] S2.2. Calculate the set number of rupture pressures and construction pressures based on the historical pressure curves of the set number of pressures. Use the first exponential smoothing method to predict the set number of rupture pressures and obtain the warning rupture pressure parameter threshold. Use the first exponential smoothing method to predict the set number of construction pressures and obtain the warning construction pressure parameter threshold.

[0058] Specifically, in S2.2:

[0059] The specific details regarding the calculation of the set number of burst pressures based on historical pressure curves are as follows:

[0060] When q i >K, where K is the maximum construction displacement during the pressure testing phase, and it is a constant.

[0061] The calculation of the set amount of construction pressure based on the historical pressure curve of the set amount specifically includes:

[0062] Multiple pressures corresponding to multiple times are selected on each historical pressure curve, and the trimmean function is used to calculate the selected multiple pressures on each historical pressure curve to obtain the set number of construction pressures.

[0063] More specifically, multiple pressures corresponding to multiple time periods are selected on each historical pressure curve, and the trimmean function is used to calculate the values ​​of the selected pressures on each historical pressure curve, as shown in the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] The trimmean function calculates the average value after removing a certain percentage of values ​​from the beginning and end of a dataset. In this implementation, 10% of the values ​​are removed from the beginning and end of the dataset before the average value is calculated.

[0066] S2.3. Calculate the construction discharge volume of the set quantity based on the historical discharge volume curve of the set quantity, and predict the construction discharge volume of the set quantity using the first exponential smoothing method to obtain the warning discharge volume parameter threshold.

[0067] Specifically, in S2.3, the calculation of the set construction discharge volume based on the historical discharge curve of the set quantity includes:

[0068] Multiple displacements corresponding to multiple times are selected on each historical displacement curve, and the average value of the multiple displacements selected on each historical displacement curve is calculated to obtain the set number of construction displacements; wherein, the multiple times selected on each historical displacement curve are the same as the multiple times selected on each historical pressure curve.

[0069] More specifically, for each historical displacement curve, multiple displacements corresponding to multiple time periods are selected, and the average value of the selected displacements on each historical displacement curve is calculated, as shown in the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] S2.4. Calculate the construction sand concentration of the set quantity based on the historical sand concentration curve of the set quantity, and use the first exponential smoothing method to predict the construction sand concentration of the set quantity to obtain the warning sand concentration parameter threshold.

[0072] Specifically, in S2.4, the calculation of the construction sand concentration for a set quantity based on the historical sand concentration curve of a set quantity includes:

[0073] Multiple sand concentrations corresponding to multiple times are selected on each historical sand concentration curve. The averageif function is used to calculate the multiple sand concentrations selected on each historical sand concentration curve to obtain the set number of construction sand concentrations. The multiple times selected on each historical sand concentration curve are the same as the multiple times selected on each historical discharge curve.

[0074] More specifically, multiple sand concentrations corresponding to multiple time periods are selected on each historical sand concentration curve. The averageif function is used to calculate the multiple sand concentrations selected on each historical sand concentration curve, as shown in the following formula:

[0075]

[0076] The AVERAGEIF function calculates the average value of a dataset after removing zero values.

[0077] In other words, combining S2.2 to S2.4, the early warning parameters for the m fracturing curves can be expressed as:

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] ...

[0082]

[0083] To better reflect changes in construction process parameters and fully utilize historical data to achieve accurate and timely early warnings, the early warning thresholds for the early warning parameters (i.e., early warning pressure parameter threshold, early warning discharge parameter threshold, and early warning sand concentration parameter threshold) are predicted using a first-order exponential smoothing method. The specific process is as follows:

[0084] ① Historical data of early warning parameters, recorded in time series: A1, A2, A3, ..., A n ;

[0085] ② According to the formula for first-order exponential smoothing: f n+1 =αA n +(1-α)f n

[0086] In the formula, α is the smoothing exponent, which takes a value between 0 and 1; f represents the predicted value; and A represents the actual value.

[0087] but

[0088] ③ Select the initial period for calculating the predicted values, such as letting f0 = A1 or f0 = (A1 + A2 + A3) / 3, and calculate the predicted values ​​P for each warning parameter. 预破 P 预工 Q 预排 S 预砂 , where P 预破 To provide an early warning of the rupture pressure parameter threshold, P 预工 To provide early warning of construction pressure parameter thresholds, Q 预排 For the warning displacement parameter threshold, S 预砂 The threshold value for the sand concentration parameter is used for early warning.

[0089] For ease of description and explanation, the real-time fracturing operation parameters will be denoted as {t}. x p x q x s x Specifically, in S2, the pressure, displacement, and sand concentration parameters are combined with pre-calculated warning pressure, displacement, and sand concentration thresholds to calculate the warning conditions for oil and gas well fracturing operations. The specific warning conditions are as follows:

[0090] S2a. When the real-time pressure parameter is greater than the warning rupture pressure parameter threshold, a high-pressure abnormality warning is issued.

[0091] In other words, when p x -P 预破 If the value is greater than 0, the warning result is: "Abnormally high pressure".

[0092] S2b. When the real-time displacement parameter is not zero, and the absolute value of the difference between the real-time pressure parameter and the warning construction pressure parameter threshold divided by the warning construction pressure parameter threshold is greater than the first set value, an abnormal construction pressure warning is issued.

[0093] In this embodiment, the first set value is 0.1. That is, when Sx <> 0, The warning result is: "Abnormal construction pressure".

[0094] S2c: When the absolute value of the difference between the real-time obtained displacement parameter and the warning displacement parameter threshold divided by the value of the warning displacement parameter threshold is greater than the second set value, an abnormal construction displacement warning is issued.

[0095] In this embodiment, the second set value is In other words, when The warning result is: "Abnormal construction discharge".

[0096] S2d: When the absolute value of the difference between the real-time sand concentration parameter and the warning sand concentration parameter threshold divided by the warning sand concentration parameter threshold is greater than the third set value, an abnormal sand concentration warning is issued.

[0097] In this embodiment, the third set value is In other words, when The warning result is: "Abnormal sand concentration".

[0098] Of course, as a preferred embodiment, it also includes:

[0099] S2e, when p x q x s x If all values ​​are 0 or empty, the warning result is: "Data collection client failure or network interruption".

[0100] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention also provides an early warning system for the fracturing process of oil and gas wells, used to implement the early warning method of the present invention. Specifically, it includes a data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a data storage module, and a data application module, as detailed below:

[0101] The data acquisition module is located inside the fracturing instrument vehicle. It acquires fracturing operation parameters collected in real-time by the fracturing instrument vehicle and converts them into a standardized data format. These parameters include pressure, displacement, and sand concentration. More specifically, the data acquisition module mainly consists of a data standardization driver and a fracturing data acquisition client. Its function is to collect parameter data from the fracturing instrument vehicle in real-time during the fracturing operation, including but not limited to pressure, sand concentration, and displacement parameters. The data standardization driver processes this data and converts it into a standardized data format that matches the acquisition time and parameters. The data is then named as "well number + layer" and stored in a designated location on the fracturing instrument vehicle's computer. The fracturing data acquisition client reads the designated file in real-time, encrypts the data, and transmits it via the network provided by the data transmission module.

[0102] The data transmission module mainly consists of a router, antenna, 4G or APN card, etc. Its main function is to enable well sites without an oilfield regional network to quickly build a network based on public network data, and to configure internal and external network IPs through DMZ zone server mapping to achieve secure data transmission from the Internet to the oilfield regional network.

[0103] The data storage module mainly consists of a data interface, a database, and a server. The server deploys the data interface program and database software, including but not limited to SQL and Oracle databases. Its function is to receive and decrypt data and video information collected by the data acquisition client through the data interface, and then store it in the database in a structured format according to hash symbols and time.

[0104] The data application module is used to calculate warning pressure, displacement, and sand concentration parameters by combining them with pre-calculated warning pressure, displacement, and sand concentration thresholds. The warning pressure thresholds include both fracturing pressure and construction pressure thresholds. Based on the calculation results, warnings are issued for the oil and gas well fracturing process. More specifically, the data application module mainly includes a data display module, a real-time warning module, and a real-time video monitoring module. It adopts a C / S client or B / S architecture. The data plotting and display module plots the main parameters of the construction process as continuous curves according to time series for intuitive display. The curve parameters mainly include, but are not limited to, construction casing pressure (oil pressure), construction displacement, and sand concentration. The real-time warning module integrates algorithms to provide real-time warnings through construction pressure prediction and combined with fracturing design. The real-time video monitoring module mainly displays video information of the construction process.

[0105] The oil and gas well fracturing construction process early warning system standardizes the real-time data file format of different models of fracturing instrument vehicles and collects data through a unified interface; it constructs a safe and reliable data transmission channel, encrypts the collected data and video information, and transmits it to the oilfield regional network; the collected data and video information are stored separately according to well number and time sequence; and it integrates the collected information and abnormal engineering characteristics to establish an early warning model and method, and realizes data analysis and application.

[0106] This invention fully utilizes the achievements of oilfield Internet of Things construction, and employs technologies such as sensors, data encryption, 4G network transmission, and data mining analysis to build a secure and reliable data transmission channel. It forms a data acquisition and transmission system and early warning method for the fracturing operation process, and realizes a new technical support mode for remote monitoring of the fracturing operation process, expert collaborative remote decision-making, and real-time adjustment.

[0107] A specific embodiment is provided below.

[0108] 1. Data Collection

[0109] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition module mainly consists of three parts: a data standardization driver, a fracturing data acquisition client, and fracturing video. The data standardization driver is installed in the fracturing instrument truck's calculation system. Its function is to uniformly convert data files of different formats generated by different versions of the fracturing instrument truck into DBS format files. This standardization and normalization from the source of data acquisition plays a significant role in improving the efficiency of data application in the later stages.

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] The data acquisition client is used to collect information and data generated during fracturing operations, including basic construction information and fracturing parameter data. Basic construction information includes fundamental information such as the current well information, fracturing section information, construction unit, and fracturing technology used. This information is entered by on-site technicians through the data acquisition client, which then corrects the entered information to ensure the standardization of the data.

[0113] Fracturing parameter acquisition is performed by selecting the standardized data storage path on the client side, and after simple data acquisition and database data channel confirmation, fracturing data can be collected.

[0114] The fracturing video acquisition function is implemented using explosion-proof cameras and video streaming equipment. The video streaming equipment and the fracturing curve data acquisition client communicate via a protocol. Fracturing data acquisition information and video information are associated through well numbers and layer numbers. When fracturing curve data acquisition for a certain layer begins, the acquisition client sends a signal to the video streaming equipment, which then manages the corresponding camera to begin video acquisition, thereby achieving coordinated acquisition and transmission of fracturing data and video. This invention example uses three common video devices: Dahua, Axis, and Uniview.

[0115] 2. Data transmission channel

[0116] Combination Figure 3 As shown, fracturing is a preliminary stage of oilfield production and development, and is generally not covered by the digital network infrastructure of oilfields. Therefore, a network environment needs to be established at the fracturing well site for data transmission. Due to the short operation period and high mobility of fracturing operations, and considering factors such as economy, portability, and ease of operation, this invention utilizes the network resources of mobile and telecommunications network operators, combined with the network access principles of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), to construct a data channel for data transmission from the internet to the oilfield office network by setting up a regional center firewall and DMZ zone at the Xi'an regional center's internet exit network.

[0117] A network environment for the fracturing well site was established using a wireless router and a SIM card. This example uses a Huawei Mobile 4G Router 2 Pro, enabling portable Wi-Fi access via a SIM card. This router is a 4G full-network compatible enhanced version, and an antenna can be connected to boost the signal when it is weak. The SIM card was purchased from a mobile operator. Fracturing data and video transmission use the same data transmission channel, and a 50GB monthly data plan is provided, which is generally sufficient for the fracturing data and transmission needs of one well site.

[0118] This invention leverages the resources of public communication operators such as mobile and telecommunications companies, and employs APN leased line technology or 4G+DMZ technology to establish a dedicated channel from the Internet to the oilfield regional network, thus solving the problem of secure remote data transmission in areas where no oilfield network has been built.

[0119] 3. Monitoring of fracturing conditions

[0120] After fracturing data and video are transmitted to the oilfield's office network data center, they are stored on a data server. By developing a web-based display interface, the data is pushed to the web interface, allowing technicians to monitor the fracturing operation in real time through web browsing.

[0121] Real-time monitoring is divided into two modes: multi-well monitoring and single-well monitoring. In single-well monitoring, a list of multiple wells will be displayed. Combined with the early warning function, when there are key processes or abnormal operating conditions, prompts and voice prompts will appear in the list. Monitoring personnel can switch to single-well monitoring mode to focus on monitoring a specific well.

[0122] In single-well monitoring mode, technicians can simultaneously monitor the current well fracturing curve data and video of key areas, and can perform curve comparison analysis.

[0123] 4. Early warning of fracturing conditions

[0124] Step 1: Determine the early warning parameters for oil and gas well fracturing operations

[0125] Real-time data collected during oil and gas well fracturing operations includes basic information such as well number, fracturing section, construction unit, and fracturing method, as well as construction parameters such as construction pressure, displacement rate, sand ratio, and auger rotation speed. The maximum construction pressure, i.e., the fracturing pressure, can be identified from the construction pressure data. Among these, pressure (including maximum and construction pressures), displacement rate, and sand concentration are the key parameters most indicative of the operational conditions; therefore, fracturing pressure, construction pressure, displacement rate, and sand concentration are selected as early warning parameters.

[0126] Step 2: Obtain early warning parameter values ​​from historical fracturing curve data

[0127] In this embodiment, nine sets of oil and gas well fracturing curve data from the same block and the same process are taken as historical fracturing curve data.

[0128] The fracturing curves of oil and gas wells mainly consist of pressure curves, displacement curves, and sand concentration curves. Each fracturing curve is composed of points representing pressure P, displacement Q, and sand concentration S as they change over time.

[0129] The fracturing curve mentioned in this invention can be represented as: B(T, P, Q, S)

[0130] Each fracturing curve corresponds to n sets of data points for time T, pressure P, displacement Q, and sand concentration S. Each curve can then be represented as:

[0131]

[0132] Each fracturing curve can yield a set of early warning parameter values. in, For the rupture pressure, Due to construction pressure, For construction displacement, Construction sand concentration. The pressure can be selected as either tubing pressure or casing pressure depending on the fracturing process.

[0133] In this embodiment, the warning parameter value P max , The method for obtaining the usage is as follows:

[0134] ①

[0135] Where, q i >K, where K is the maximum construction displacement during the pressure testing phase, which is a constant value;

[0136] ②

[0137] The trimmean function removes a certain percentage of values ​​from the beginning and end of a dataset and then calculates the average. The trimmean function takes two parameters: the first parameter is the dataset region, and the second parameter is the percentage of values ​​to be removed.

[0138] ③

[0139] ④

[0140] The aVerageif function removes zero values ​​from a dataset and then calculates the average. The aVerageif function takes two parameters: the first parameter is the dataset range, and the second parameter is the range from which the average is calculated.

[0141] In this embodiment, the fracturing curve early warning parameters can be expressed as:

[0142]

[0143] The matrix above has 9 rows and 4 columns. Each row represents a fracturing curve. For example, the first row represents the fracturing curve of the *th section of the Hua** well. Each column represents a warning parameter value. The first column is the fracturing pressure, the second column is the construction pressure, the third column is the construction displacement, and the fourth column is the construction sand concentration.

[0144] Step 3: Calculate the warning threshold P of the warning parameters based on the fracturing curve. 预破 P 预工 Q 预排 S 预砂

[0145] To better reflect changes in construction process parameters and fully utilize historical data to achieve accurate and timely early warnings, the early warning thresholds for the early warning parameters (i.e., early warning pressure parameter threshold, early warning discharge parameter threshold, and early warning sand concentration parameter threshold) are predicted using a first-order exponential smoothing method. The specific process is as follows:

[0146] ① Historical data of early warning parameters, recorded in time series: A1, A2, A3, ..., A n ;

[0147] ② According to the formula for first-order exponential smoothing: f n+1 =αA n +(1-α)f n

[0148] In the formula, α is the smoothing exponent, which takes a value between 0 and 1; f represents the predicted value; and A represents the actual value.

[0149] but

[0150] ③ Select the initial period for calculating the predicted values, such as letting f0 = A1 or f0 = (A1 + A2 + A3) / 3, and calculate the predicted values ​​P for each warning parameter. 预破 P 预工 Q 预排 S 预砂 .

[0151] In this embodiment, the predicted values ​​of each parameter are calculated as follows: P 预破 =49.51, P 预工 =31.54, Q 预排 =10.37, S 预砂 =296.16;

[0152] Step 4: Real-time acquisition of fracturing operation parameters {t} x p x q x s x}, and issue warnings based on warning thresholds. The warning conditions are as follows:

[0153] When p x q x s x If all values ​​are 0 or empty, the warning result is: "Data collection client failure or network interruption"; this situation did not occur.

[0154] like Figure 5 As shown, when p x -P 预破 >0, warning result: "Abnormally high pressure";

[0155] like Figure 6 As shown, when s x >0, Warning result: "Abnormal construction pressure";

[0156] like Figure 7 As shown, when Here, M1 = 0.2 is selected, and when the displacement and pressure are stable, the warning result is "abnormal construction displacement".

[0157] like Figure 8 As shown, when Here, M2 = 0.2 is taken, and the sand concentration increases in a stepwise manner. As a reminder function during the construction phase, the warning result is "abnormal sand concentration".

[0158] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used in the operation of an early warning method for oil and gas well fracturing construction.

[0159] In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for early warning during oil and gas well fracturing operations, if implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments of the present invention can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable storage medium includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.

[0160] The computer storage medium can be any available medium or data storage device that a computer can access, including but not limited to magnetic storage (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magneto-optical disks (MOs)), optical storage (e.g., CDs, DVDs, BDs, HVDs), and semiconductor storage (e.g., ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, non-volatile memory (NAND flash), solid-state drives (SSDs)).

[0161] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0162] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart... Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0163] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0164] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0165] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for early warning of a fracturing operation process of an oil and gas well, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: real-time acquisition of fracturing operation parameters, including pressure parameters, displacement parameters and sand concentration parameters; combining the pressure parameters, the displacement parameters and the sand concentration parameters with pre-calculated early warning pressure parameter thresholds, early warning displacement parameter thresholds and early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds, wherein the early warning pressure parameter thresholds include early warning breakdown pressure parameter thresholds and early warning operation pressure parameter thresholds, and performing early warning on the fracturing operation process of the oil and gas well according to the calculation results, specifically including: when the real-time acquired pressure parameters are greater than the early warning breakdown pressure parameter thresholds, performing early warning of abnormally high pressure; when the real-time acquired displacement parameters are not zero, and the absolute value of the difference between the real-time acquired pressure parameters and the early warning operation pressure parameter thresholds divided by the early warning operation pressure parameter thresholds is greater than a first set value, performing early warning of abnormally high operation pressure; when the absolute value of the difference between the real-time acquired displacement parameters and the early warning displacement parameter thresholds divided by the early warning displacement parameter thresholds is greater than a second set value, performing early warning of abnormally high operation displacement; when the absolute value of the difference between the real-time acquired sand concentration parameters and the early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds divided by the early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds is greater than a third set value, performing early warning of abnormally high sand concentration; the calculation method of the early warning pressure parameter thresholds, the early warning displacement parameter thresholds and the early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds comprises: acquiring historical fracturing curves, including a set number of historical pressure curves, historical displacement curves and historical sand concentration curves; calculating a set number of breakdown pressures and operation pressures from the set number of historical pressure curves, predicting the set number of breakdown pressures by using a one-time exponential smoothing method to obtain the early warning breakdown pressure parameter thresholds, and predicting the set number of operation pressures by using a one-time exponential smoothing method to obtain the early warning operation pressure parameter thresholds; the calculation of a set number of operation pressures from the set number of historical pressure curves specifically comprises: selecting a plurality of pressures corresponding to a plurality of times on each of the historical pressure curves, and calculating the selected pressures on each of the historical pressure curves by using a function, respectively, to obtain a set number of construction pressures. selecting a plurality of pressures corresponding to a plurality of times on each of the historical pressure curves, and calculating the selected pressures on each of the historical pressure curves by using a function, respectively, to obtain a set number of construction pressures. calculating a set number of operation displacements from the set number of historical displacement curves, and predicting the set number of operation displacements by using a one-time exponential smoothing method to obtain the early warning displacement parameter thresholds; the calculation of a set number of operation displacements from the set number of historical displacement curves specifically comprises: selecting a plurality of displacements corresponding to a plurality of times on each of the historical displacement curves, respectively calculating the average values of the selected plurality of displacements on each of the historical displacement curves, and obtaining a set number of operation displacements; wherein the plurality of times selected on each of the historical displacement curves are the same as the plurality of times selected on each of the historical pressure curves; calculating a set number of operation sand concentrations from the set number of historical sand concentration curves, and predicting the set number of operation sand concentrations by using a one-time exponential smoothing method to obtain the early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds; the calculation of a set number of operation sand concentrations from the set number of historical sand concentration curves specifically comprises: a plurality of sand concentrations corresponding to a plurality of times on each of the historical sand concentration curves are selected, and a plurality of sand concentrations corresponding to a plurality of times on each of the historical sand concentration curves are calculated by using the function, i.e., a plurality of construction sand concentrations are obtained; wherein the plurality of times on each of the historical sand concentration curves are the same as the plurality of times on each of the historical discharge curves. averageif a plurality of sand concentrations selected on each of the historical sand concentration curves are calculated by using the function, i.e., a plurality of construction sand concentrations are obtained; wherein the plurality of times on each of the historical sand concentration curves are the same as the plurality of times on each of the historical discharge curves.

2. A system for early warning of a fracturing operation process of an oil and gas well, which is used to realize the early warning method of the fracturing operation process of the oil and gas well according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The data acquisition module arranged in the fracturing instrument vehicle is used for acquiring fracturing construction parameters collected by the fracturing instrument vehicle in real time and converting the fracturing construction parameters into a unified standard data format, and the fracturing construction parameters include pressure parameters, displacement parameters and sand concentration parameters; the data acquisition module is composed of a data standardization driver and a fracturing data acquisition client, the data standardization driver is installed in a fracturing instrument vehicle computer, and a function of the data standardization driver is to uniformly convert data files in different formats generated by fracturing instrument vehicles in different versions into files in a DBS format; The data application module is used for calculating the pressure parameters, the displacement parameters and the sand concentration parameters in combination with precalculated early warning pressure parameter thresholds, early warning displacement parameter thresholds and early warning sand concentration parameter thresholds, wherein the early warning pressure parameter thresholds include early warning breakdown pressure parameter thresholds and early warning construction pressure parameter thresholds, early warning is performed on the fracturing construction process of an oil and gas well according to a calculation result, data is pushed to a WEB display interface through the WEB display interface, and a technical personnel realizes real-time monitoring of fracturing working conditions in a WEB browsing manner, and the real-time monitoring is in two modes of multi-well monitoring and single-well monitoring.

3. The pre-warning system for fracturing operation of oil and gas well according to claim 2, characterized in that, Further comprising: A data transmission module is used for transmitting the fracturing construction parameters in the unified standard data format; A data storage module is used for storing the fracturing construction parameters in the unified standard data format.

4. An apparatus comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein, The processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the oil and gas well fracturing construction process early warning method in claim 1.

5. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 4. The computer program is executed by the processor to realize the steps of the oil and gas well fracturing construction process early warning method in claim 1.

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