A split-type bridge-shooting method for pre-installed optical fiber horizontal wells outside casing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a split-type bridge-and-shooting method for a horizontal well with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing, which relates to the technical field of segmented multi-stage fracturing cable pumping perforation and bridge-plugging combined operation for unconventional oil and gas wells. The method first measures the optical fiber orientation outside the casing at the depth of all perforation points, and formulates the clustered perforation phase angle in the split-type bridge-and-shooting combined operation of the horizontal well based on the optical fiber orientation data. Then, according to the formulated clustered perforation phase angle, the avoidance optical fiber bridge-and-shooting construction is carried out to avoid the optical fiber outside the casing and prevent the optical fiber from being mistakenly shot during perforation. The method can provide an efficient and accurate avoidance optical fiber bridge-and-shooting process technology for segmented multi-stage fracturing of unconventional oil and gas wells with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing, such as shale gas, tight gas, and coalbed methane. The method can realize the avoidance optical fiber bridge-and-shooting combined operation of horizontal wells with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing, and effectively ensure that the pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing monitors the dynamic parameters of the oil and gas well throughout the entire cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of segmented multi-stage fracturing cable pumping perforation and bridge plugging combined operation technology for unconventional oil and gas wells, and more specifically to a split bridge-perforation combined operation method for pre-installed optical fiber horizontal wells outside the casing. Background Art

[0002] With the development of oil and gas fields and the continuous depletion of energy resources, unconventional oil and gas sources such as shale gas, tight gas, and coalbed methane will become important successors to future oil and natural gas resources. However, due to the low porosity and ultra-low permeability of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is essential for achieving high production capacity. Therefore, multi-stage hydraulic fracturing is the preferred method for transforming unconventional oil and gas reservoirs and effectively increasing single-well production, and its role is becoming increasingly evident.

[0003] Based on the latest international technological developments and application trends, distributed fiber optic sensing monitoring has become the latest technology for hydraulic fracturing monitoring, demonstrating its importance in the development of unconventional resources such as shale gas in the United States. A distributed fiber optic measurement system is a sensor system used for real-time spatial acoustic and temperature field distribution measurements. It is a distributed, continuous fiber optic sensor. Using distributed fiber optic testing technologies such as DAS (Distributed Fiber Acoustic Surveillance) and DTS (Distributed Fiber Temperature Surveillance), it continuously collects acoustic and temperature data from the target downhole formation. This data allows for analysis and evaluation of downhole fracturing conditions, providing timely and comprehensive data for formulating stimulation measures. Permanent, outside-of-casing fiber optic monitoring is typically employed. The optical fiber and discrete sensors used for DAS and DTS monitoring are placed in a small stainless steel tube, lowered along the casing, and permanently fixed within the cement sheath outside the casing. Monitoring during fracturing, flowback, and production, along with interpretation and comparison, allows for the determination of fracture initiation, propagation, and extension.

[0004] Currently, the technology of combining pre-installed fiber optic monitoring of oil and gas well dynamic parameters throughout the entire cycle with staged multi-stage fracturing is still in its infancy in China. Staged multi-stage fracturing utilizes a clustered, selective, and bridge-shot system to achieve staged fracturing of oil and gas wells. This technology uses a cable-transmitted pumped perforator and bridge plug to temporarily isolate the fractured well section. Cluster perforations are then performed in the unfractured well section to create channels for fluid injection into the formation for hydraulic fracturing. Fracturing operations are then carried out in that section, and after fracturing is completed, clustered, selective, and bridge-shot systems are used again to complete the fracturing of the next section.

[0005] However, in horizontal wells with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing, the presence of the fiber increases the difficulty of bridge-shot operations and the risk of stuck perforations. Furthermore, since the fiber, when lowered along the casing, does not lie in a perfectly straight line outside the casing, it can experience unpredictable and difficult-to-measure entanglements, potentially causing the fiber to become irregularly entangled on the casing wall. This significantly increases the difficulty of avoiding fiber-optic perforations. Perforation deviations cannot be tolerated, as a single misfired fiber can lead to project failure. Control of perforation orientation is extremely demanding, especially for clustered perforation in long horizontal sections. Avoiding fiber-optic perforations is even more challenging, and currently, mature technology is not available in China. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the defects existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention discloses a split-type bridge-and-shooting method for pre-installed optical fiber horizontal wells outside the casing. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the prior art that the split-type bridge-and-shooting process technology for pre-installed optical fiber horizontal wells outside the casing is immature and difficult to avoid optical fiber perforation.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A split-type bridge-and-shooting method for pre-installing optical fiber in a horizontal well outside a casing comprises the following steps:

[0009] 1. Fiber optic orientation measurement

[0010] S1. Transport the fiber optic azimuth instrument to the depth of each test point in the horizontal well casing, and measure the azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing at the depth of all test points.

[0011] The step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0012] S11, transporting the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing;

[0013] Preferably, the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument moves the downhole tool string forward by starting an electric crawler, and the electric crawler pushes the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing.

[0014] Alternatively, the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument is transported to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing by passing a cable-type continuous oil pipe inside the well.

[0015] S12, lifting the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to the depth position of the target measurement point close to the cluster perforation section;

[0016] S13, starting the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to measure the optical fiber azimuth angle outside the casing at the depth;

[0017] Preferably, the method for measuring the azimuth angle of the optical fiber outside the casing is: controlling the rotation of the motor inside the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to drive the measuring end of the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to rotate, using the induction coil inside the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to measure the magnetic changes on the 360° circumference outside the casing, and establishing a magnetic distribution curve, and determining the azimuth of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing based on the magnetic distribution curve.

[0018] Preferably, in the measurement method, the method for determining the orientation of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing is: in the magnetic distribution curve, determine the peak of the magnetic distribution curve, and the gravity tool surface angle of the magnetic induction detection optical fiber orientation instrument corresponding to the peak, and use the gravity tool surface angle as the orientation of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing.

[0019] In the present invention, the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument obtains point measurement data at different depths through fixed-point measurement. One rotation of the motor is considered a cycle. The instrument relies on the internal induction coil to measure the magnetic changes on the 360° circumference outside the casing. The magnetic distribution outside the casing measured by the instrument changes as the motor rotates. The peak of the magnetic distribution curve indicates that there may be optical fiber outside the casing. The gravity tool face angle corresponding to the peak is the azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing.

[0020] S14. Repeat steps S12-S13 until the azimuth angles of the optical fibers outside the casing at the depths of all the test points are measured.

[0021] 2. Cluster perforation phase angle determination

[0022] S2. Using the optical fiber azimuth data outside the casing at all depths of the test points measured in step S1, the cluster perforation phase angles in the split bridge-shot operation of the horizontal well are determined.

[0023] The step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0024] S21, pull out the fiber optic azimuth instrument;

[0025] S22, interpreting and processing the optical fiber position data outside the casing at all depths of the test points measured in step S1;

[0026] S23. Based on the optical fiber azimuth data obtained by interpreting step S22, a cluster perforation phase angle in the split-bridge perforation operation of the horizontal well is determined.

[0027] Preferably, in the cluster perforation phase angle: the perforation phase is ;

[0028] The angle of the perforation safety zone is ;

[0029] Where, , α iis the optical fiber azimuth angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When single-phase perforation is used, θ is 0; N is the adjustment coefficient, which can be 0, 1, or -1; K i is the perforation phase at point i; β is the angle of the perforation risk zone; γ is the angle of the risk transition zone; δ is the angle of the perforation safety zone.

[0030] Preferably, when the perforation phase K i When <0°, N is set to 1 and K is recalculated. i ,

[0031] ,

[0032] When the perforation phase K i When ≥360°, N is -1 and K is recalculated. i ,

[0033] ,

[0034] The calculated K i The corrected value K is obtained by rounding off the value to the nearest integer. i ’ , K i ’ It is the construction perforation phase angle parameter.

[0035] 3. First section perforating gun string detonation

[0036] S3. Using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assemble and connect the first section of the directional perforating gun string in the split bridge-type perforating operation of the horizontal well, and transport the first section of the perforating gun string into the horizontal well casing for ignition and perforation initiation.

[0037] In this step, the cluster perforation phase angle parameters established in step S2 are used to assemble and connect the first section of the directional perforating gun string in the split bridge-type horizontal well operation. The first section of the directional perforating gun string is then sequentially transported to the perforation depths corresponding to each cluster of the directional perforating gun string in the horizontal well casing. The perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string are then ignited and detonated. After all the perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string have been detonated, the first section of the directional perforating gun string is removed and the well section after the perforation is fracturing. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0038] S31, using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assembling and connecting the first section of the directional perforating gun string;

[0039] S32, transporting the assembled first section of the directional perforating gun string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing;

[0040] Preferably, the first section of the directional perforating gun string is moved forward by activating an electric crawler, and the electric crawler pushes the first section of the directional perforating gun string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing;

[0041] Alternatively, the first section of directional perforating gun string is transported to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing through an inner cable-type coiled tubing.

[0042] S33, lifting the first section of the directional perforating gun string, aligning the first cluster of perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string with the first cluster of perforating guns at the first cluster perforating depth position, and firing the first cluster of perforating guns to perforate;

[0043] S34, lifting the first section of the directional perforating gun string, aligning the next cluster of perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string with the corresponding perforating depth position, and firing the perforating guns in the cluster for perforating;

[0044] S35, repeating step S34 until all perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string are detonated;

[0045] S36. Pull out the first section of the directional perforating gun string. After pulling it out, use the fracturing equipment to perform fracturing and sanding on the well section after the blasting.

[0046] 4. Detonation of the remaining perforating gun string

[0047] S4. Using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assemble and connect the remaining sections of the perforating gun string in the split bridge-type perforating operation of the horizontal well, and connect each section of the perforating gun string to the bridge plug setting tool and the bridge plug. After connection, the perforating gun string is sequentially transported into the horizontal well casing for the avoidance fiber optic bridge-type perforating operation.

[0048] Among them, the specific method of the radiation-avoiding optical fiber bridge-shot joint construction is: connecting the perforating gun string with the bridge plug setting tool and the bridge plug, and first transporting the connected perforating tool string to the bridge plug setting depth position to ignite and seal the bridge plug, and then transporting it to the perforation depth of each cluster of the perforating tool string in the horizontal well casing to ignite and perforate. After all the perforating guns in the perforating tool string are detonated, the perforating tool string section is taken out, and the well section after the perforation is fractured.

[0049] The S4 step specifically includes the following steps:

[0050] S41, using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assembling and connecting the next section of the directional perforating gun string;

[0051] S42, connecting the next section of the directional perforating gun string, the bridge plug setting tool, and the bridge plug to form a perforating tool string;

[0052] S43, using a horizontal well pumping bridge-shooting process, pumping the perforating tool string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing;

[0053] S44, lift the perforating gun tool string to the bridge plug setting depth, and ignite to set the bridge plug;

[0054] S45, lifting the perforating tool string, aligning the first cluster of perforating guns in the perforating tool string with the first cluster of perforating depth positions, and firing the first cluster of perforating guns for perforation;

[0055] S46, lifting the perforating tool string, aligning the next cluster of perforating guns in the perforating tool string with the corresponding perforating depth position, and firing the perforating guns in the cluster for perforating;

[0056] S47, repeating step S46 until all perforating guns in the perforating tool string are detonated;

[0057] S48, pulling out the perforating tool string, and then using the fracturing equipment to perform fracturing and sanding on the well section after the detonation;

[0058] S49. Repeat steps S41-S48 to detonate the next section of directional perforating gun string until all sections of the perforating fiber optic bridge shooting are completed.

[0059] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0060] The present invention provides a split-type bridge-shot operation method for a horizontal well with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing. The method first measures the optical fiber orientation outside the casing at the depth of all perforation points, and formulates the clustered perforation phase angle in the split-type bridge-shot operation of the horizontal well based on the optical fiber orientation data. Then, according to the formulated clustered perforation phase angle, the avoidance optical fiber bridge-shot operation is carried out to avoid the optical fiber outside the casing and prevent the optical fiber from being mistakenly shot during perforation. The method can provide a highly efficient and accurate avoidance optical fiber bridge-shot operation process technology for segmented multi-stage fracturing of unconventional oil and gas wells with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing, such as shale gas, tight gas, and coalbed methane. The method can realize the avoidance optical fiber bridge-shot operation of horizontal wells with pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing, and effectively ensure that the pre-installed optical fiber outside the casing monitors the dynamic parameters of the oil and gas well throughout the entire cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of delivering magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to the crawler;

[0062] Figure 2 This is the optical fiber measurement principle diagram of the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument;

[0063] Figure 3 This is the perforation phase design diagram;

[0064] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of conveying perforating guns to the crawler;

[0065] Figure 5 Draw a schematic diagram for the pumping bridge-shooting connection;

[0066] Reference numerals:

[0067] 1. Casing; 2. Fishing head; 3. Crawler; 3-1. Crawler drive arm; 4. Magnetic induction fiber optic positioner; 5-1. First cluster of perforating guns; 5-2. Second cluster of perforating guns; 5-3. Third cluster of perforating guns; 6. Magnetic positioner; 7. Bridge plug setting tool; 8. Bridge plug; 9. Optical fiber; 10. Gravity tool face for magnetic induction fiber optic positioner; 11. Magnetic distribution curve; α, fiber optic azimuth angle; β, perforating risk zone; γ, risk transition zone; δ, perforating safety zone; θ, perforating phase angle; Figure 2 The viewing angle is from the wellhead to the bottom of the well. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the concept, specific structure and technical effects of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings, so as to fully understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] A split-type bridge-shooting method for pre-installed optical fiber horizontal wells outside casing, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0071] S1. Deliver the fiber optic azimuth instrument to the depth of each test point in the horizontal well casing, and measure the azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing at the depth of all test points;

[0072] S2. Using the optical fiber azimuth data outside the casing at all depths of the test points measured in step S1, determine the cluster perforation phase angle in the split bridge-shot operation of the horizontal well;

[0073] S3. Using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assemble and connect the first section of the directional perforating gun string in the split bridge-type perforating operation of the horizontal well, and transport the first section of the perforating gun string into the horizontal well casing for ignition and perforation initiation;

[0074] S4. Using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assemble and connect the remaining sections of the perforating gun string in the split bridge-type perforating operation of the horizontal well, and connect each section of the perforating gun string to the bridge plug setting tool and the bridge plug. After connection, the perforating gun string is sequentially transported into the horizontal well casing for the avoidance fiber optic bridge-type perforating operation.

[0075] The split-type bridge-shot method provided in this embodiment has the perforation point of the perforating gun as the measured point. The optical fiber orientation outside the casing at the depth of all perforation points is first measured, and the clustered perforation phase angle in the split-type bridge-shot method of the horizontal well is formulated based on the optical fiber orientation data. Then, the avoidance optical fiber bridge-shot construction is carried out according to the formulated clustered perforation phase angle to avoid the optical fiber outside the casing and prevent the optical fiber from being accidentally perforated. The method is particularly suitable for the clustered bridge-shot construction process of horizontal wells with pre-installed optical fibers outside the casing for unconventional oil and gas such as shale gas, tight gas, and coalbed methane. In the bridge-shot construction of horizontal wells with pre-installed optical fibers outside the casing, while ensuring that the optical fibers are not damaged during the perforation process, the channel conditions for fluid injection into the formation are provided for staged multi-stage fracturing.

[0076] Example 2

[0077] This embodiment further illustrates step S1 based on embodiment 1. Step S1 specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] S11, reference Figure 1 By starting the electric crawler to move the downhole tool string forward, the electric crawler pushes the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing.

[0079] S12, lifting the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to the depth position of the target measurement point close to the cluster perforation section;

[0080] S13, starting the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to measure the optical fiber azimuth angle outside the casing at the depth;

[0081] The method for measuring the azimuth angle of an optical fiber outside a casing is as follows: controlling the rotation of a motor within a magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to drive the rotation of the instrument's measuring end. Using the induction coil within the instrument, the magnetic field changes over a 360-degree circumference outside the casing are measured, and a magnetic distribution curve is established. The azimuth angle of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing is determined based on the magnetic distribution curve. Specifically, the peak of the magnetic distribution curve and the corresponding angle of the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument's gravity tool face are determined within the magnetic distribution curve. This gravity tool face angle is then used as the azimuth angle of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing.

[0082] Reference Figure 2 The magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument obtains point measurement data at different depths through fixed-point measurement. One rotation of the motor is considered a cycle. The instrument relies on the internal induction coil to measure the magnetic changes on the 360° circumference outside the casing. The magnetic distribution outside the casing measured by the instrument changes with the rotation of the motor. The peak of the magnetic distribution curve indicates that there may be optical fiber outside the casing. The gravity tool face angle corresponding to the peak is the azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing.

[0083] S14. Repeat steps S12-S13 until the azimuth angles of the optical fibers outside the casing at the depths of all the test points are measured.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] This embodiment further illustrates step S2 based on embodiment 2. Step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0086] S21, pull out the fiber optic azimuth instrument;

[0087] S22, interpreting and processing the optical fiber position data outside the casing at the depths of all the test points measured in step S14;

[0088] S23. Reference Figure 3 According to the optical fiber orientation data obtained by interpreting step S22, the cluster perforation phase angle in the horizontal well split bridge perforation operation is determined.

[0089] In the cluster perforation phase angle, the perforation phase is: ;

[0090] The angle of the perforation safety zone is ;

[0091] Where, , α i is the optical fiber azimuth angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When single-phase perforation is used, θ is 0; N is the adjustment coefficient, which can be 0, 1, or -1; K i is the perforation phase at point i; β is the angle of the perforation risk zone; γ is the angle of the risk transition zone; δ is the angle of the perforation safety zone.

[0092] When the perforation phase K i When <0°, N is set to 1 and K is recalculated. i ,

[0093] ,

[0094] When the perforation phase K i When ≥360°, N is -1 and K is recalculated. i ,

[0095] ,

[0096] The calculated K i The corrected value K is obtained by rounding off the value to the nearest integer. i ’ , K i ’ It is the construction perforation phase angle parameter.

[0097] In order to further explain the technical solution of this embodiment, the embodiment is further elaborated below in conjunction with Well X:

[0098] Two optical fibers are pre-installed outside the casing of Well X, and the two fibers are at a 90° angle. The magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument did not measure both fibers during measurement, and the measurement result can only represent the azimuth angle of one of the fibers. Therefore, the perforation risk zone angle β of the well is taken as 90°, γ is taken as 45°, and the perforation phase angle θ is taken as 60°. The fiber optic azimuth α at a certain point is taken as 30°. Substituting it into the calculation formula of the perforation safety zone angle, δ=90° is obtained, which satisfies .

[0099] Substituting the relevant parameters into the perforation phase calculation formula, the dual phases are obtained to be 180° and 240° respectively.

[0100] Example 4

[0101] This example further elaborates on step S3 based on Example 3. Step S3 utilizes the cluster perforation phase angle parameters established in step S2 to assemble and connect the first section of the directional perforating gun string in the split-bridge perforation operation of the horizontal well. The first section of the directional perforating gun string is sequentially transported to the perforation depths corresponding to each cluster of the directional perforating gun string within the horizontal well casing, where it is ignited and perforated. After all the perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string have been detonated, the first section of the directional perforating gun string is removed, and the perforated well section is fracturing. Specifically, the following steps are included:

[0102] S31, using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S23, assembling and connecting the first section of the directional perforating gun string;

[0103] S32. Reference Figure 4 , by starting the electric crawler to move the downhole tool string forward, the electric crawler pushes the first section of the directional perforating gun string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing;

[0104] S33, lifting the first section of the directional perforating gun string, aligning the first cluster of perforating guns of the first section of the directional perforating gun string with the first cluster of perforating guns at the first cluster perforating depth position, and firing the first cluster of perforating guns to perforate;

[0105] S34, lifting the first section of the directional perforating gun string, aligning the next cluster of perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string with the corresponding perforating depth position, and firing the cluster of perforating guns;

[0106] S35, repeating step S34 until all perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string are detonated;

[0107] S36. Pull out the first section of the directional perforating gun string, and then use the fracturing equipment to perform fracturing and sanding on the well section after the blasting.

[0108] Example 5

[0109] This embodiment further elaborates on step S4 based on embodiment 4. In step S4, the specific method of the perforating gun string is as follows: the perforating gun string is connected to the bridge plug setting tool and the bridge plug, and the connected perforating tool string is first transported to the bridge plug setting depth position to ignite and set the bridge plug, and then transported to the perforation depth of each cluster of the perforating tool string in the horizontal well casing for ignition and perforation initiation. After all the perforating guns in the perforating tool string are detonated, the perforating tool string section is removed and the well section after the perforation is fracturing. Step S4 specifically includes the following steps:

[0110] S41, assembling and connecting the second section of the directional perforating gun string using the cluster perforating phase angle parameters determined in step S23;

[0111] S42, connecting the connected second section of the directional perforating gun string, the bridge plug setting tool, and the bridge plug to form a perforating tool string;

[0112] S43. Reference Figure 5 , using the horizontal well pumping bridge shooting process, the perforating tool string is pumped to the predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing;

[0113] S44, lift the perforating gun tool string to the bridge plug setting depth, and ignite to set the bridge plug;

[0114] S45, lifting the perforating tool string, aligning the first cluster of perforating guns in the perforating tool string with the first cluster of perforating depth positions, and firing the first cluster of perforating guns for perforation;

[0115] S46, lifting the perforating tool string, aligning the next cluster of perforating guns in the perforating tool string with the corresponding perforating depth position, and firing the perforating guns in the cluster for perforating;

[0116] S47, repeating step S46 until all perforating guns in the perforating tool string are detonated;

[0117] S48, pulling out the perforating tool string, and then using the fracturing equipment to perform fracturing and sanding on the well section after the detonation;

[0118] S49. Repeat steps S41-S48 to detonate the next section of directional perforating gun string until all sections of the perforating fiber optic bridge shooting are completed.

[0119] The above is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. Those skilled in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. These equivalents or substitutions are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A split-type bridge-and-shooting method for pre-installing optical fiber in horizontal wells outside casing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Deliver the fiber optic azimuth instrument to the depth of each test point in the horizontal well casing, and measure the azimuth of the optical fiber outside the casing at the depth of all test points; S2. Using the optical fiber azimuth data outside the casing at all depths of the test points measured in step S1, determine the cluster perforation phase angle in the split bridge-shot operation of the horizontal well; S3. Using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assemble and connect the first section of the directional perforating gun string in the split bridge-type perforating operation of the horizontal well, and transport the first section of the perforating gun string into the horizontal well casing for ignition and perforation initiation; S4. Using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assemble and connect the remaining sections of the perforating gun string in the split bridge-type perforating operation of the horizontal well, and connect each section of the perforating gun string to the bridge plug setting tool and the bridge plug. After connection, the perforating gun strings are sequentially transported into the horizontal well casing to perform the optical fiber bridge-type perforating operation; The step S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21, pull out the fiber optic azimuth instrument; S22, interpreting and processing the optical fiber position data outside the casing at all depths of the test points measured in step S1; S23. According to the optical fiber orientation data obtained by interpreting step S22, a cluster perforation phase angle in the split bridge-perforation operation of the horizontal well is determined; In the cluster perforation phase angle of step S23: The perforation phase is ; The angle of the perforation safety zone is ; Where, , α i is the optical fiber azimuth angle data at point i; θ is the perforation phase angle. When single-phase perforation is used, θ is 0. N is the adjustment coefficient, which can be 0, 1, or -1. K i is the perforation phase at point i; β is the angle of the perforation risk zone; γ is the angle of the risk transition zone; δ is the angle of the perforation safety zone; In the cluster perforation phase angle of step S23: When the perforation phase K i When <0°, N is set to 1 and K is recalculated. i , ， When the perforation phase K i When ≥360°, N is -1 and K is recalculated. i , ， The calculated K i The corrected value K is obtained by rounding off the value to the nearest integer. i ’ , K i ’ It is the construction perforation phase angle parameter.

2. The split-type bridge-and-beam method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes the following steps: S11, transporting the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing; S12, lifting the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument to the depth position of the target measurement point close to the cluster perforation section; S13, starting the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to measure the optical fiber azimuth angle outside the casing at the depth; S14. Repeat steps S12-S13 until the azimuth angles of the optical fibers outside the casing at the depths of all the test points are measured.

3. The split-type bridge-and-beam method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S13, the method for measuring the azimuth angle of the optical fiber outside the casing is as follows: controlling the rotation of the motor inside the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to drive the measuring end of the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to rotate, using the induction coil inside the magnetic induction detection optical fiber azimuth instrument to measure the magnetic changes on a 360° circumference outside the casing, and establishing a magnetic distribution curve, and determining the azimuth of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing based on the magnetic distribution curve.

4. The split-type bridge-and-beam method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the measurement method of step S13, the method for determining the orientation of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing is: in the magnetic distribution curve, determine the peak of the magnetic distribution curve and the gravity tool surface angle of the magnetic induction detection optical fiber orientation instrument corresponding to the peak, and use the gravity tool surface angle as the orientation of the suspected optical fiber outside the casing.

5. The split-type bridge-and-beam method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 step specifically includes the following steps: S31, using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assembling and connecting the first section of the directional perforating gun string; S32, transporting the assembled first section of the directional perforating gun string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing; S33, lifting the first section of the directional perforating gun string, aligning the first cluster of perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string with the first cluster of perforating guns at the first cluster perforating depth position, and firing the first cluster of perforating guns to perforate; S34, lifting the first section of the directional perforating gun string, aligning the next cluster of perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string with the corresponding perforating depth position, and firing the perforating guns in the cluster for perforating; S35, repeating step S34 until all perforating guns in the first section of the directional perforating gun string are detonated; S36. Pull out the first section of the directional perforating gun string. After pulling it out, use the fracturing equipment to perform fracturing and sanding on the well section after the blasting.

6. The split-type bridge-and-beam method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 step specifically includes the following steps: S41, using the cluster perforation phase angle parameters determined in step S2, assembling and connecting the next section of the directional perforating gun string; S42, connecting the next section of the directional perforating gun string, the bridge plug setting tool, and the bridge plug to form a perforating tool string; S43, using a horizontal well pumping bridge-shooting process, pumping the perforating tool string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing; S44, lift the perforating gun tool string to the bridge plug setting depth, and ignite to set the bridge plug; S45, lifting the perforating tool string, aligning the first cluster of perforating guns in the perforating tool string with the first cluster of perforating depth positions, and firing the first cluster of perforating guns for perforation; S46, lifting the perforating tool string, aligning the next cluster of perforating guns in the perforating tool string with the corresponding perforating depth position, and firing the perforating guns in the cluster for perforating; S47, repeating step S46 until all perforating guns in the perforating tool string are detonated; S48, pulling out the perforating tool string, and then using the fracturing equipment to perform fracturing and sanding on the well section after the detonation; S49. Repeat steps S41-S48 to detonate the next section of directional perforating gun string until all sections of the perforating fiber optic bridge shooting are completed.

7. The split-type bridge-and-beam method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument or the first section directional perforating gun string is moved forward by activating an electric crawler, which pushes the magnetic induction detection fiber optic azimuth instrument or the first section directional perforating gun string to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing; Alternatively, the magnetic induction detection fiber optic positioner or the first section directional perforating gun string is transported to a predetermined depth in the horizontal well casing through an inner cable-type coiled tubing.

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