A new soil water potential measuring instrument and measuring method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of soil testing technology, specifically a novel soil water potential measuring instrument and measurement method. The instrument comprises a plurality of water potential sensors connected to an external data acquisition terminal, a pit-filling frame placed within a soil pit, a measurement cover disposed to one side of the central axis of the pit-filling frame, a plurality of measurement groups disposed within the measurement cover, and a displacement group for adjusting the measurement positions of the plurality of measurement groups. The present invention utilizes the pit-filling frame to support the pit, creating a measurement area that allows for the smooth insertion of the measurement cover. The measurement cover creates space for movement of the plurality of measurement groups and the water potential sensors, and the displacement group is used to adjust the measurement positions of the measurement groups and the water potential sensors, thereby capturing multiple sets of data from the soil layer. This eliminates the need for repeated digging and filling of pits to adjust the positions of the water potential sensors, and thus has potential for widespread use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil detection, and in particular to a novel soil water potential measuring instrument and a measuring method. Background Art

[0002] Increases and decreases in soil moisture inevitably reflect changes in the soil's ability to absorb water. Soil water potential refers to the total potential energy of water contained in the soil and is a key indicator for describing and assessing soil moisture content and movement. When soil moisture content decreases, soil water potential also decreases. When soil moisture content drops to a level where the soil water potential falls below the basic energy level of water in plants, plants wilt because their ability to absorb water is less than that of the soil. When soil moisture content increases, soil water potential also increases. If the soil water potential is uniform across the soil, the soil will retain this water and prevent it from moving.

[0003] However, existing water potential measurement methods rely on buried water potential sensors, which are fixed in position and require time and effort to adjust. This makes it difficult to quickly detect the water potential of different soil layers. Therefore, a method and device for rapidly monitoring the water potential of different soil layers is needed to ensure uniform soil water potential across the soil, preventing water stagnation and providing a stable growth environment for plants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new soil water potential measuring instrument and measuring method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a novel soil water potential measuring instrument, comprising a plurality of water potential sensors connected to an external data acquisition terminal, a filling frame placed in a soil pit, a measuring cover arranged on one side of a central axis of the filling frame, a plurality of measuring groups arranged in the measuring cover, and a displacement group for driving the plurality of measuring groups to adjust the measuring positions;

[0006] The measuring group includes a conveying cylinder arranged transversely in the measuring cover, a supporting sleeve for supporting the conveying cylinder in the air, and a screw arranged on the central axis of the pit filling frame and threadedly connected to the supporting sleeve. The water potential sensor is tightly sleeved with the outer end of the conveying cylinder. The outer end of the conveying cylinder is sleeved with a soil-proof cylinder, and the outer end of the soil-proof cylinder is hinged with a plurality of soil-supporting pieces in a closed state.

[0007] The displacement group includes a linkage rack connected to the support sleeve, a transmission gear meshing with the linkage rack, and several retaining groups arranged in the outer walls of the conveying tube and the pit filling frame. The central axis of the transmission gear is provided with a transmission tube threadedly connected to the conveying tube. The upper and lower surfaces of the conveying tube are welded with directional blocks slidingly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the measuring cover. The conveying tube pushes open the center of the retaining group through axial movement and allows the water potential sensor to be inserted into the soil for measurement.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the pit-filling frame is composed of upper and lower spaced circular rings and a cylindrical tube on the central axis of the circular rings, and connecting blocks with a cross hollow structure are welded between the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical tube and the upper and lower circular rings, wherein the hollow part of the connecting block is the fixed cover opening that is plugged into the measuring cover, and a sealing groove is opened on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube facing the fixed cover opening, the cross-section of the sealing groove is cross-shaped, and a seal strip with a size matching its size is plugged into the sealing groove.

[0009] As a further improvement of this technical solution, the inner wall of the measuring cover is provided with a slot with a cross-shaped cross-section, the bottom of the measuring cover is closed and a sealing plate is clamped on the top, and one end of the sealing plate is provided with a protrusion that is simultaneously plugged into the slot and the top of the sealing groove.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the outer wall of the pit filling frame is provided with a plurality of detection ports at equal intervals along its axial direction, and the outer wall of the measuring cover is provided with a plurality of outlets at equal intervals corresponding to the plurality of detection ports.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the retaining group includes a number of rubber sheets and a number of blocks distributed in a ring shape, the outer arc surfaces of the several rubber sheets are bonded to the inner wall of the outlet port, the outer covers of the several blocks are provided with a spring-pressing ring, the spring-pressing ring is clamped with the detection port, and the outer side of the spring-pressing ring is provided with V-shaped top pressure sections bonded to the outer arc surfaces of the blocks at equal intervals.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the detection port is in the shape of a countersunk hole and has a small aperture toward the inside. The outer diameter of several of the blocks is larger than the small aperture of the detection port. A fixing ring is clamped in the large hole of the detection port, and the inner aperture of the fixing ring is equal to the small aperture of the detection port.

[0013] As a further improvement of this technical solution, a threaded sleeve is welded on the inner end of the conveying cylinder and is threadedly connected to the transmission pipe. A tube support is inserted into the transmission pipe, and a circular ring is welded on the outer end of the tube support to be sleeved on the bottom of the sleeve.

[0014] As a further improvement of this technical solution, a compression spring connected to the transmission tube is bonded to the inner end of the soil-proof tube, a linkage piece is welded to the outer side of the inner end of the soil-supporting piece, the outer end of the linkage piece is welded to the side of the outer end of the soil-proof tube, the outer end of the linkage piece is bent upward, and the outer diameter of the outer end of several linkage pieces is larger than the inner diameter of the outlet.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, a number of strip blocks are welded to the outer side of the top of the support sleeve, guide ribs connected to the strip blocks are welded to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube of the pit-filling frame, a guide hole connected to the linkage rack is opened on the top surface of the middle part of the strip block, a spring is sleeved on the outer side of the linkage rack, and a lifting and pressing rod is provided on the top of the pit-filling frame which is sleeved with the linkage rack located at the top.

[0016] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a novel soil water potential measurement method, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. First, dig a deep pit in the area to be measured, then put the pit filling frame into it, and insert the measuring cover into one of the fixed cover openings;

[0018] S2, then insert the screw into the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame;

[0019] S3. Then, place the assembled measuring group and displacement group into the cylindrical tube and measuring cover of the pit filling frame, and connect the support sleeve with the screw rod, so that the orientation block is clamped with the inner wall of the measuring cover;

[0020] S4, rotating the screw again to drive the sleeve downward along its axial direction;

[0021] S5. Then continue to operate according to step S3 to place another set of measurement group and displacement group, and make the two adjacent linkage racks above and below be connected, and then rotate the screw, and so on to place multiple groups;

[0022] S6. After several water level sensors move to the corresponding detection ports, press the lifting rod to drive several adjacent linked racks to move downward, which drives several transmission gears to rotate, driving the conveyor cylinder with the water level sensors to move toward the outer wall of the pit filling frame, using several soil supporting pieces to open the retaining group, and then insert the water level sensors into the soil for measurement and data transmission.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. This new soil water potential measuring instrument and measuring method creates a measuring area by supporting a pit with a filling frame, allowing the measuring cover to be smoothly placed. The measuring cover creates moving space for several measuring groups and water potential sensors, and the measuring position of the measuring group and water potential sensor is adjusted by the displacement group, thereby obtaining multiple sets of data in the soil layer. There is no need to repeatedly dig and fill pits to adjust the position of the water potential sensor, which has the value of promotion and use.

[0025] 2. The new soil water potential measuring instrument and measuring method are as follows: first, a deep pit is dug in the area to be measured, and then a pit-filling frame is placed in it, and the measuring cover is inserted into one of the fixed cover openings; then a screw is inserted into the cylindrical tube of the pit-filling frame; then a set of measurement groups and displacement groups that have been assembled into an integral whole are placed into the cylindrical tube of the pit-filling frame and the measuring cover, and the support sleeve is engaged with the screw, so that the directional block is engaged with the inner wall of the measuring cover; then the screw is rotated to drive the support sleeve down along its axial direction, and multiple groups are placed in turn by analogy; then, the lifting rod is pressed to drive several adjacent linked racks to move downward, and drive several transmission gears to rotate, driving the transmission cylinder with the water potential sensor to move toward the outer wall of the pit-filling frame, using several soil supporting pieces to open the retaining group, and then the water potential sensor is inserted into the soil to wait for measurement and data transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components in the drawings are merely illustrative and are used to help understand the present invention, and are not intended to specifically limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the various components of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can select various possible shapes and proportional dimensions to implement the present invention according to specific circumstances under the guidance of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal assembly structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the internal assembly structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly structure of the measurement cover of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the measurement group and displacement group of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a full cross-sectional view of the pit-filling frame of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a full cross-sectional view of the measuring cover of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 This is a partial exploded view of the pit-filling frame of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a partial split diagram of the measurement group of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a disassembled diagram of the support sleeve and displacement group of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a diagram of the earth retaining group of the present invention.

[0038] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0039] 100, pit filling frame; 101, sealing groove; 102, guide rib; 103, fixed cover port; 104, detection port; 110, sealing strip;

[0040] 200, measuring cover; 201, outlet; 202, slot; 210, sealing plate;

[0041] 300, measuring group; 310, water potential sensor; 320, transmission cylinder; 321, threaded sleeve; 322, directional block; 330, support sleeve; 331, guide hole; 332, trustee; 340, screw; 350, soil-proof cylinder; 351, soil-supporting piece; 352, linkage piece; 353, compression spring;

[0042] 400, displacement group; 410, linkage rack; 411, spring; 420, transmission gear; 421, transmission tube; 430, lifting and pressing rod;

[0043] 440, retaining group; 441, rubber sheet; 442, stopper; 443, fixing ring; 444, spring pressure ring; 4441, top pressure section; 4442, bending section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention in any way. Based on the teachings of the present invention, technicians can conceive of any possible variations based on the present invention, which should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. The terms "installed" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense and can refer to direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary.

[0045] The terms "central axis," "vertical," "horizontal," "front," "back," "up," "down," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside" used herein to indicate positions or location relationships are based on the positions or location relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are intended solely to facilitate and simplify the description of the present invention. They do not indicate or imply that the devices or components referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, "several" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0046] See also Figures 1-11 As shown, the present invention provides a new soil water potential measuring instrument and measurement method, including several water potential sensors 310 connected to an external data acquisition terminal. The instrument adopts the TEROS-21 soil water potential sensor, which consists of a humidity sensor and a porous material with a known water release curve. When the porous material reaches water equilibrium with the surrounding soil, the humidity sensor measures the moisture content of the porous material and converts the moisture content into water potential based on the moisture release curve. Remote data acquisition is achieved by connecting the water potential sensors 310 to the ZL6 data acquisition terminal, and data can be obtained via the Internet.

[0047] The present invention further comprises a pit-filling frame 100 placed in the soil pit, a measuring cover 200 arranged on one side of the central axis of the pit-filling frame 100, a plurality of measuring groups 300 arranged in the measuring cover 200, and a displacement group 400 for driving the plurality of measuring groups 300 to adjust the measuring position;

[0048] A measuring area is created by supporting the pit with a filling frame 100, allowing the measuring cover 200 to be smoothly placed. The measuring cover 200 is used to create a moving space for several measuring groups 300 and water potential sensors 310. The measuring positions of the measuring groups 300 and water potential sensors 310 are then adjusted through the displacement group 400, thereby obtaining multiple sets of data in the soil layer without having to repeatedly dig and fill the pit to adjust the position of the water potential sensor 310.

[0049] Specifically, the measurement group 300 includes a conveying cylinder 320 disposed horizontally within the measurement cover 200, a support sleeve 330 for supporting the conveying cylinder 320 in the air, and a screw 340 disposed on the central axis of the pit filling frame 100 and threadedly connected to the support sleeve 330. The screw 340 is rotated to drive the support sleeves 330 to drive the conveying cylinder 320 to move up and down.

[0050] The water level sensor 310 is tightly fitted onto the outward end of the transmission tube 320. A soil-proof tube 350 is fitted onto the outward end of the transmission tube 320. A number of soil-supporting pieces 351 in a closed state are hingedly connected to the outer end of the soil-proof tube 350. The soil-supporting pieces 351 are used to cover the water level sensor 310. As the transmission tube 320 moves laterally, the soil-supporting pieces 351 expand to expose the water level sensor 310 to the soil.

[0051] Furthermore, the displacement group 400 includes a linkage rack 410 plugged into the support sleeve 330, a transmission gear 420 meshing with the linkage rack 410, and a plurality of retaining groups 440 disposed within the outer wall of the conveying cylinder 320 and the pit filling frame 100;

[0052] The transmission gear 420 is a face gear. The central axis of the transmission gear 420 is provided with a transmission tube 421 that is threadedly connected to the transmission cylinder 320. The upper and lower surfaces of the transmission cylinder 320 are welded with orientation blocks 322 that are slidably connected to the inner walls of the measurement cover 200 on both sides. This prevents the transmission cylinder 320 from rotating. The transmission gear 420 is rotated by the lifting and lowering of the linkage rack 410, which in turn drives the axial movement of the transmission tube 421.

[0053] The conveying cylinder 320 pushes open the center of the soil retaining group 440 by axial movement and allows the water potential sensor 310 to be inserted into the soil for measurement.

[0054] Specifically, the pit-filling frame 100 is composed of circular rings spaced apart from each other and a cylindrical tube on the central axis of the circular rings. Connecting blocks with a cross-shaped hollow structure are welded between the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical tube and the upper and lower circular rings, so that the pit-filling frame 100 forms a whole.

[0055] The hollow part of the connecting block is the fixed cover opening 103 that is plugged into the measuring cover 200. A sealing groove 101 is opened on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube opposite the fixed cover opening 103. The cross section of the sealing groove 101 is cross-shaped. A seal 110 of a size matching the sealing groove 101 is inserted into the sealing groove 101 to seal the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame 100. Only the seal 110 inserted into the inner wall of the fixed cover opening 103 of the measuring cover 200 is pulled out, allowing the relevant components of the measuring group 300 and the displacement group 400 to move smoothly between the pit filling frame 100 and the measuring cover 200.

[0056] Furthermore, a slot 202 with a cross-shaped cross-section is provided on the inner wall of the measuring cover 200. The bottom of the measuring cover 200 is closed and a sealing plate 210 is clamped on the top thereof. One end of the sealing plate 210 is provided with a protrusion that is simultaneously plugged into the slot 202 and the top of the sealing groove 101, and is used to seal the top port of the measuring cover 200 to prevent soil from entering.

[0057] It is worth noting that the outer wall of the pit filling frame 100 is provided with a plurality of detection ports 104 at equal intervals along its axial direction, and the outer wall of the measuring cover 200 is provided with a plurality of outlet ports 201 at equal intervals corresponding to the plurality of detection ports 104;

[0058] The retaining assembly 440 includes a plurality of rubber sheets 441 and a plurality of stoppers 442 arranged in an annular pattern. The outer arc surfaces of the rubber sheets 441 are bonded to the inner wall of the outlet 201, so that when the plurality of supporting sheets 351 are deployed, they can squeeze the rubber sheets 441 to form a seal. The stoppers 442 are fan-shaped and have a conical hole on the inner side of their central end to facilitate the smooth insertion of the supporting sheets 351 into the hole, thereby pushing the stoppers 442 outward and expanding radially.

[0059] The outer covers of the plurality of stoppers 442 are provided with spring-pressing rings 444. The spring-pressing rings 444 are made of spring steel and have a closed thin-sheet ring structure. The spring-pressing rings 444 are engaged with the detection port 104. V-shaped pressing sections 4441 are evenly spaced on the outer sides of the spring-pressing rings 444 and bonded to the outer arc surfaces of the stoppers 442. This structure exerts a spring-pressing effect on the stoppers 442, keeping the plurality of stoppers 442 sealed. Only when the plurality of soil-supporting pieces 351 move outward does the spring-pressing rings 444 deform and open the stoppers 442.

[0060] Among them, an inwardly concave bending section 4442 is provided on the outside of the spring-pressing ring 444 and between the top-pressing sections 4441, so that when the stop block 442 is pushed open by the soil-supporting piece 351, the top-pressing section 4441 is squeezed and flattened, and the bending section 4442 arches inward, which is exactly between the gaps between the two adjacent stop blocks 442, so that the spring-pressing ring 444 can be deformed without interference.

[0061] In addition, the detection port 104 is in the shape of a countersunk hole and has a small aperture facing inward. The outer diameter of several blocks 442 is larger than the small aperture of the detection port 104. A fixing ring 443 is clamped in the large hole of the detection port 104. The inner aperture of the fixing ring 443 is equal to the small aperture of the detection port 104. The fixing ring 443 is used to press the several blocks 442 and the spring ring 444, so that the several blocks 442 move radially along the detection port 104 as the spring ring 444 deforms, thereby opening the detection port 104 to allow the water potential sensor 310 to move out and contact the soil.

[0062] Specifically, a threaded sleeve 321 is welded to the inner end of the transmission cylinder 320 and is threadedly connected to the transmission tube 421. A tube 332 is inserted into the transmission tube 421. A ring is welded to the outer end of the tube 332 and is sleeved with the bottom of the sleeve 330. The sleeve 330 drives the tube 332, and the tube 332 drives the transmission tube 421 and the transmission cylinder 320 to move synchronously along the axial direction of the screw 340.

[0063] The wires of the water level sensor 310 pass through the inner end of the tube 332 and pass out from the side opening of the ring, and are laid out on the ground through the cylindrical wall of the pit filling frame 100 and electrically connected to the external data acquisition terminal.

[0064] Furthermore, a compression spring 353 is bonded to the inner end of the soil protection cylinder 350 and is sleeved with the transmission cylinder 320. The inner end of the compression spring 353 presses against the directional block 322. When the transmission cylinder 320 retracts, the elastic force of the compression spring 353 pushes the soil protection cylinder 350 forward, causing the soil support pieces 351 to close and protect the water level sensor 310.

[0065] A linkage piece 352 is welded to the outer side of the inner end of the soil supporting piece 351. The linkage piece 352 is made of spring steel. The outer end of the linkage piece 352 is welded to the outer side of the soil protection tube 350. The outer end of the linkage piece 352 is bent upward, and the elastic force of the linkage piece 352 is used to close the soil supporting pieces 351.

[0066] The outer diameter of the outward end of the linkage pieces 352 is larger than the inner diameter of the outlet 201 , so that when the soil-proof cylinder 350 moves outward, the upper folded ends of the linkage pieces 352 abut against the inner wall of the measuring cover 200 to lift and support the soil pieces 351 to expand radially.

[0067] In addition, several strip blocks are welded to the outside of the top of the support sleeve 330, and the inner wall of the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame 100 is welded with a guide rib 102 that is plugged into the strip block, so that the support sleeve 330 does not rotate; a guide hole 331 that is plugged into the linkage rack 410 is opened on the top surface of the middle part of the strip block, and a spring 411 is sleeved on the outside of the linkage rack 410. The upper and lower end sides of the linkage rack 410 are welded with protrusions to form a limiting structure; a lifting rod 430 is provided on the top of the pit filling frame 100, which is sleeved with the linkage rack 410 located at the top. The lifting rod 430 is tightly sleeved with the linkage rack 410, and the bottom of the linkage rack 410 is provided with a sleeve block that is tightly sleeved with the top of another linkage rack 410, which is used to lift and lower several linkage racks 410.

[0068] The present invention also provides a novel soil water potential measurement method, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1. First, dig a deep pit in the area to be measured, then put the pit-filling frame 100 into it, and insert the measuring cover 200 into one of the fixed cover openings 103;

[0070] S2, insert the screw 340 into the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame 100;

[0071] S3. Next, place the assembled measurement group 300 and displacement group 400 into the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame 100 and the measurement cover 200, and engage the support sleeve 330 with the screw rod 340, so that the orientation block 322 is engaged with the inner wall of the measurement cover 200;

[0072] S4, rotating the screw 340 again to drive the sleeve 330 downward along its axial direction;

[0073] S5. Then continue to operate according to step S3 to place another set of measurement group 300 and displacement group 400, and make the two adjacent linkage racks 410 nest together, then rotate the screw 340, and so on to place more groups;

[0074] The moving distance of the sleeve 330 is determined by setting the number of revolutions of the screw 340. The positions of the detection port 104 and the outlet port 201 are determined by this distance and are opened at equal intervals.

[0075] S6. After the water level sensors 310 are moved to the corresponding detection ports 104, the lifting rod 430 is pressed to move the adjacent linked racks 410 downward, thereby driving the transmission gears 420 to rotate, driving the conveying cylinder 320 to move the water level sensors 310 toward the outer wall of the pit filling frame 100, and using the soil supporting pieces 351 to open the soil retaining group 440, the water level sensors 310 are then inserted into the soil for measurement and data transmission.

[0076] It should be noted that the above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical concepts and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and substance of the present invention are intended to be encompassed within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel soil water potential measuring instrument, comprising a plurality of water potential sensors (310) connected to an external data acquisition terminal, characterized in that: It also includes a pit-filling frame (100) placed in the earth pit, a measuring cover (200) arranged on one side of the central axis of the pit-filling frame (100), a plurality of measuring groups (300) arranged in the measuring cover (200), and a displacement group (400) for driving the plurality of measuring groups (300) to adjust the measuring position; The measuring group (300) comprises a conveying cylinder (320) arranged transversely in the measuring cover (200), a supporting sleeve (330) for supporting the conveying cylinder (320) in suspension, and a screw (340) arranged on the central axis of the pit filling frame (100) and threadedly connected to the supporting sleeve (330); the water potential sensor (310) is tightly sleeved with the outer end of the conveying cylinder (320); a soil-proof cylinder (350) is sleeved on the outer end of the conveying cylinder (320); and a plurality of soil-supporting pieces (351) in a closed state are hingedly connected to the outer end of the soil-proof cylinder (350); The displacement group (400) includes a linkage rack (410) plugged into the support sleeve (330), a transmission gear (420) meshed with the linkage rack (410), and a plurality of retaining groups (440) arranged in the outer wall of the transmission cylinder (320) and the pit filling frame (100). The central axis of the transmission gear (420) is provided with a transmission pipe (421) threadedly connected to the transmission cylinder (320). The upper and lower surfaces of the transmission cylinder (320) are welded with directional blocks (322) slidably connected to the inner walls of both sides of the measurement cover (200). The transmission cylinder (320) pushes open the center of the retaining group (440) by axial movement, and allows the water potential sensor (310) to be inserted into the soil for measurement. The pit-filling frame (100) is composed of circular rings spaced apart from each other and a cylindrical tube on the central axis of the circular rings, and a connecting block with a cross hollow structure is welded between the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical tube and the upper and lower circular rings, wherein the hollow portion of the connecting block is a fixed cover opening (103) plugged into the measuring cover (200), and a sealing groove (101) is opened on the inner wall of the cylindrical tube facing the fixed cover opening (103), the cross section of the sealing groove (101) is cross-shaped, and a sealing strip (110) of a size matching the sealing groove (101) is plugged into the sealing groove (101).

2. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner side wall of the measuring cover (200) is provided with a slot (202) having a cross-shaped cross section, the bottom of the measuring cover (200) is closed and a sealing plate (210) is clamped on the top of the measuring cover (200), and one end of the sealing plate (210) is provided with a protrusion that is simultaneously plugged into the slot (202) and the top of the sealing groove (101).

3. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer wall of the pit filling frame (100) is provided with a plurality of detection openings (104) at equal intervals along its axial direction, and the outer wall of the measuring cover (200) is provided with a plurality of outlet openings (201) at equal intervals, which are arranged corresponding to the plurality of detection openings (104).

4. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The retaining group (440) includes a plurality of rubber sheets (441) and a plurality of stoppers (442) arranged in an annular distribution. The outer arc surfaces of the plurality of rubber sheets (441) are bonded to the inner wall of the outlet port (201). The outer covers of the plurality of stoppers (442) are provided with elastic pressure rings (444). The elastic pressure rings (444) are snap-fitted to the detection port (104). The outer sides of the elastic pressure rings (444) are provided with V-shaped top pressure sections (4441) bonded to the outer arc surfaces of the stoppers (442) at equal intervals.

5. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The detection port (104) is in a countersunk shape and has a small aperture toward the inside. The outer diameters of the plurality of stoppers (442) are larger than the small aperture of the detection port (104). A fixing ring (443) is clamped in the large hole of the detection port (104). The inner aperture of the fixing ring (443) is equal to the small aperture of the detection port (104).

6. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A threaded sleeve (321) threadedly connected to a transmission tube (421) is welded to the inner end of the transmission cylinder (320), a tube support (332) is inserted into the transmission tube (421), and a circular ring is welded to the outer end of the tube support (332) and is sleeved to the bottom of the support sleeve (330).

7. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A compression spring (353) sleeved with the transmission tube (320) is bonded to the inner end of the soil-proof tube (350), a linkage piece (352) is welded to the outer side of the inner end of the soil-supporting piece (351), the outer end of the linkage piece (352) is welded to the outer end side of the soil-proof tube (350), the outer end of the linkage piece (352) is bent upward, and the outer diameter of the outer end of several linkage pieces (352) is larger than the inner diameter of the outlet port (201).

8. The novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A plurality of strip blocks are welded to the outer side of the top of the support sleeve (330), a guide rib (102) connected to the strip blocks is welded to the inner wall of the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame (100), a guide hole (331) connected to the linkage rack (410) is opened on the top surface of the middle part of the strip block, and a spring (411) is sleeved on the outer side of the linkage rack (410), and a lifting and pressing rod (430) is provided on the top of the pit filling frame (100) and is sleeved with the linkage rack (410) located at the top.

9. A novel soil water potential measurement method, comprising the novel soil water potential measuring instrument according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. First, dig a deep pit in the area to be measured, then put the pit filling frame (100) into it, and insert the measuring cover (200) into one of the fixed cover openings (103); S2, inserting the screw (340) into the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame (100); S3, then put a set of measurement group (300) and displacement group (400) that have been assembled into an integral body into the cylindrical tube of the pit filling frame (100) and the measurement cover (200), and make the support sleeve (330) and the screw (340) sleeve together, so that the orientation block (322) and the inner wall of the measurement cover (200) are clamped; S4, rotating the screw (340) again to drive the sleeve (330) to descend along its axial direction; S5. Then continue to operate according to step S3 to place another set of measurement group (300) and displacement group (400), and make the two upper and lower adjacent linkage racks (410) nest together, and then rotate the screw (340), and so on to place multiple groups; S6. After the water potential sensors (310) are moved to the corresponding detection ports (104), the lifting lever (430) is pressed to drive the adjacent linked racks (410) to move downward, thereby driving the transmission gears (420) to rotate, driving the transmission cylinder (320) to move the water potential sensors (310) toward the outer wall of the pit filling frame (100), and using the soil supporting pieces (351) to open the soil retaining group (440), and then the water potential sensors (310) are inserted into the soil to wait for measurement and data transmission.

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