A high power klystron collector and method of making the same

Abstract

The application provides a high-power klystron collector and a preparation method thereof. By reducing the inner diameter of a straight cylinder part of the collector and lengthening the height of a taper part, part of electrons is intercepted in advance, and the electron density bombarding the top end of the collector is reduced, so that the effect of achieving the same tolerance power as a huge collector is realized under the condition of a small volume of the collector, thereby solving the technical problems of the huge volume and heavy mass of the collector mentioned above.

Description

A high-power klystron collector and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave vacuum electronic device technology, specifically relating to a high-power klystron collector and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] A high-power klystron is a microwave vacuum electronic device that converts electron beam energy into high-energy microwaves based on the principle of velocity modulation. It is mainly used in radar detection, electronic communication, electronic countermeasures, and high-energy colliders. As shown in Figure 1, a high-power klystron mainly consists of an electron gun, a high-frequency interaction system, input and output systems, a focusing system, and a collector. When a high-power klystron operates, the electron beam generated undergoes beam-wave interaction. Within the collector, it is dispersed under the influence of space charge force and bombards the collector electrode. All the kinetic energy of the electron beam is converted into heat energy, which is carried away by the cooling medium within the collector electrode. If the heat from the collector electrode is not removed in time, it will accumulate, causing the substrate material to vent or even vaporize, thus reducing the vacuum level within the klystron and preventing normal operation. Therefore, stable and reliable operation of the collector electrode is crucial for a high-power klystron.

[0003] When a high-power klystron is operating, most of the electron beam entering the collector bombards the top of the collector. To ensure the reliability of the collector, current high-power klystron collector designs aim to make the collector as large as possible, so that less electron bombardment occurs per unit area on the inner surface of the collector, reducing heat generation per unit area. However, this structure often results in a large and heavy collector, which is detrimental to the miniaturization and weight reduction of high-power klystrons, greatly limiting their market applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a high-power klystron collector electrode and its preparation method. By reducing the inner diameter of the straight cylindrical part of the collector electrode and lengthening the height of the conical part, some electrons are intercepted in advance, reducing the electron density bombarding the top of the collector electrode. This achieves the same power tolerance as a large collector electrode under the condition of a small collector electrode volume, thus solving the aforementioned technical problems of large collector electrode volume and heavy weight.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-power klystron collector includes a collector base, a collector body, an inner water jacket, a collector end cap, an outer water jacket, an inlet nozzle, an outlet nozzle, a support ring, and a welded edge.

[0007] The central opening of the collecting electrode base forms an electron injection channel, and the inner wall is funnel-shaped, forming a large opening and a small opening, with the small opening being the electron injection port.

[0008] The collecting electrode is divided into a straight cylindrical part and a conical part. The straight cylindrical part is installed on the collecting electrode base and is connected to the large opening of the collecting electrode base.

[0009] The inner water jacket of the collecting electrode has a thin-walled structure, with a small-diameter straight cylinder at the upper end, a large-diameter straight cylinder at the lower end, and a conical middle part that fits onto the conical part of the collecting electrode.

[0010] The middle of the collecting pole cap is provided with a water inlet hole, which is connected to the small-diameter straight cylinder at the upper end of the inner water jacket of the collecting pole.

[0011] The outer water jacket of the collecting electrode is connected to the outer side of the collecting electrode base and the top cover of the collecting electrode. The outer water jacket of the collecting electrode has a water outlet near the top cover of the collecting electrode.

[0012] The water inlet is connected to the water inlet hole of the above-mentioned collection end cap, and the cooling medium enters the collection electrode through the water inlet;

[0013] The water outlet is connected to the water outlet hole of the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, and the cooling medium flows out of the collecting electrode through the water outlet.

[0014] The support ring is connected to the outer water jacket of the aforementioned collecting electrode;

[0015] The welded edge is connected to the aforementioned support ring.

[0016] Furthermore, a ring of water holes is evenly distributed on the outer side of the straight cylindrical portion of the collecting electrode, with each water hole aligned with the water trough of the conical portion, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the water holes being approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole.

[0017] Furthermore, the collecting electrode is connected to the high-frequency interaction system of the high-power klystron via a welding method.

[0018] Furthermore, when the collecting electrode is working, the cooling medium enters from the inlet, passes through the conical part of the collecting electrode, and is evenly distributed by the water tank in the conical part to cool the conical part first; then the cooling medium flows directly from the water tank in the conical part into the water hole in the straight part of the collecting electrode to cool the straight part; then the cooling medium changes its flow direction at the base of the collecting electrode to the storage area formed by the end cap of the collecting electrode and the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, and finally flows out through the outlet.

[0019] Furthermore, the collecting electrode base, collecting electrode end cap, collecting electrode body, collecting electrode inner water jacket, and support ring are made of oxygen-free copper; the collecting electrode outer water jacket is made of pure iron; and the water inlet, water outlet, and weld edge are made of stainless steel.

[0020] Furthermore, the material of the inner water jacket of the collecting electrode is stainless steel, Kovar alloy, or Monel alloy.

[0021] Furthermore, the inner side of the conical portion of the collecting electrode is a conical cavity with a cone angle of less than 45 degrees, and a ring of water grooves is evenly distributed on the outer side. The total cross-sectional area of ​​each water groove is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet.

[0022] Furthermore, the water tank can be divided into two or more sections according to the different heights of the cone-shaped collecting electrode, ensuring that the total cross-sectional area of ​​each water tank is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet. One or more flow dividers are distributed in the cone-shaped section according to the size to increase the turbulence effect of the cooling medium.

[0023] This invention also provides a method for preparing a high-power klystron collector, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Insert the collecting electrode into the collecting electrode base, fix the brazing wire at the insertion surface between the collecting electrode and the collecting electrode base, and weld the collecting electrode and the collecting electrode base into a single component by brazing. The solder used is gold-copper, gold-nickel, palladium-silver-copper or silver-copper.

[0025] Step 2: Connect the inner water jacket, outer water jacket, and inlet nozzle to the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, and the outlet nozzle to the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode. Place the welded edge on the support ring, and the support ring on the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode. Fix one ring of brazing wire at the connection points of the inner water jacket, outer water jacket, and outer water jacket of the collecting electrode with the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode. Fix 2-3 rings of brazing wire at the connection points of the inlet nozzle and outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, the outlet nozzle and outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, and the support ring and outer water jacket of the collecting electrode. Place a ring of brazing material at the connection point of the welded edge and the support ring. Weld the inner water jacket, outer water jacket, inlet nozzle, outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, outlet nozzle, welded edge, and support ring into a single component by brazing. The solder used is gold-copper, gold-nickel, palladium-silver-copper, or silver-copper.

[0026] Step 3: Connect the components welded in Step 1 with the components welded in Step 2. The outer water jacket of the collecting electrode is inserted into the collecting electrode base, and the inner water jacket of the collecting electrode is inserted into the collecting electrode body. Fix the brazing wire at the insertion points. Weld the components welded in Step 1 and Step 2 into a whole by brazing, thereby completing the preparation of the collecting electrode. The solder used is silver-copper or silver-copper-indium, and the welding temperature is lower than the welding temperature in Step 1 and Step 2.

[0027] Beneficial effects:

[0028] The high-power klystron collector in this invention differs from previous collector designs. Because most of the electrons entering the collector during high-power klystron operation concentrate at the top of the collector, current collector designs aim to maximize the collector volume by increasing the inner surface area and length to reduce the electron capture density per unit area, thereby reducing heat generation per unit area. The high-power klystron collector in this invention, however, reduces the inner diameter of the straight cylindrical portion and lengthens the conical portion, pre-capturing some electrons and reducing the electron density at the top of the collector. This achieves the same power handling capability as a large collector while maintaining a smaller collector volume.

[0029] The high-power klystron of this invention has a simple collector structure, fewer parts, lighter weight, simple flow channel, and low pressure loss. It can be applied to various types of klystrons, and is particularly beneficial for the miniaturization and weight reduction of high-power klystrons, thus expanding the application platform of high-power klystrons. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 is a basic working principle diagram of a multi-injection speed control tube;

[0031] Figure 2a is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the high-power klystron collector according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of the water channel structure of the collecting electrode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 2c is a schematic diagram of the structure of the collecting pole body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 2d is a schematic diagram of the segmented water tank for collecting the polar cone portion according to an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0035] In the figure, 1-collector base, 2-collector body, 3-collector inner water jacket, 4-collector end cap, 5-collector outer water jacket, 6-inlet nozzle, 7-outlet nozzle, 8-support ring, 9-weld edge. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2a, a high-power klystron collector electrode of the present invention includes a collector electrode base 1, a collector electrode body 2, a collector electrode inner water jacket 3, a collector electrode end cap 4, a collector electrode outer water jacket 5, a water inlet 6, a water outlet 7, a support ring 8, and a welding edge 9.

[0038] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the central opening of the collecting electrode base 1 forms an electron injection channel, and the inner wall is funnel-shaped, forming a large opening and a small opening, with the small opening serving as the electron injection port.

[0039] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the collecting electrode 2 is divided into a straight cylindrical part and a conical part. The straight cylindrical part is installed on the collecting electrode base 1 and is connected to the large opening of the collecting electrode base 1.

[0040] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the inner water jacket 3 of the collecting electrode is a thin-walled structure with a small-diameter straight cylinder at the upper end, a large-diameter straight cylinder at the lower end, and a conical middle part that is sleeved on the conical part of the collecting electrode 2.

[0041] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the middle of the collecting end cap 4 is provided with a water inlet hole, which is connected to the small-diameter straight cylinder at the upper end of the inner water jacket 3 of the collecting end.

[0042] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode is connected to the outer side of the collecting electrode base 1 and the top cover 4 of the collecting electrode, and the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode has a water outlet hole near the top cover 4 of the collecting electrode.

[0043] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the water inlet 6 is connected to the water inlet hole of the above-mentioned collection end cap 4, and the cooling medium enters the collection electrode through the water inlet 6;

[0044] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the water outlet 7 is connected to the water outlet hole of the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode, and the cooling medium flows out of the collecting electrode from the water outlet 7.

[0045] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the support ring 8 is connected to the aforementioned collecting outer water jacket 5;

[0046] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the welded edge 9 is connected to the aforementioned support ring 8.

[0047] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the inner side of the conical part of the collecting electrode 2 is a conical cavity, and a ring of water grooves is evenly distributed on the outer side. The total cross-sectional area of ​​the water grooves is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole. The main purpose is to ensure that the pressure loss of the flow channel is minimized.

[0048] As shown in Figure 2b, according to an embodiment of this disclosure, a ring of water holes is evenly distributed on the outer side of the straight cylindrical portion of the collecting electrode 2. Each water hole is aligned with the water groove of the conical portion, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the water holes is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water inlet hole. The main purpose is to ensure that the pressure loss of the flow channel is minimized.

[0049] The collecting electrode is connected to the high-power klystron high-frequency interaction system via welding edge 9.

[0050] When the collecting electrode is working, the cooling medium enters from the inlet 6, passes through the conical part of the collecting electrode body 2, and is evenly distributed by the water tank of the conical part to cool the conical part first; then the cooling medium flows directly from the water tank of the conical part into the water hole of the straight part of the collecting electrode body 2, thereby cooling the straight part; then the cooling medium changes its flow direction at the collecting electrode base 1 to the storage area formed by the collecting electrode end cap 4 and the collecting electrode outer water jacket 5, and finally flows out through the outlet 7.

[0051] The collector base 1 is made of oxygen-free copper material. The small opening is the electron injection port. The narrowing structure formed by the small opening can prevent the electron injection entering the collector and the secondary electrons generated by the electron injection bombarding the collector body from escaping from the collector and interfering with the normal operation of the high-power klystron.

[0052] The collecting electrode 2 is made of oxygen-free copper. Its straight cylindrical section is brazed to the large opening of the collecting electrode base 1. The inner diameter of the straight cylindrical section of the collecting electrode 2 is slightly larger than the electron beam diameter (approximately 20mm). The main purpose is to minimize the electron beam density at the top of the collecting electrode, allowing for earlier interception of the electron beam and reducing the overall collecting electrode volume. The inner side of the conical section of the collecting electrode has a conical cavity with a cone angle less than 45 degrees. This maximizes the height of the conical cavity, enabling it to intercept some electron beams earlier and further reduce the electron beam density at the top of the collecting electrode 2. A ring of water channels is evenly distributed on the outer side, with the total cross-sectional area of ​​each channel approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet hole, as shown in Figure 2c. This minimizes pressure loss in the flow channel. Depending on the height of the conical section, as shown in Figure 2d, the water channels can be divided into two or more sections. One or more rings of flow dividers are distributed within the conical section according to their size, primarily to enhance the turbulence effect of the cooling medium.

[0053] The inner water jacket 3 of the collecting electrode is made of oxygen-free copper. The lower end of the inner water jacket 3 is inserted into the straight cylindrical part of the collecting electrode body 2 and fixed by brazing. The middle part of the inner water jacket 3 is sleeved on the conical part of the collecting electrode body 2.

[0054] The collecting extreme cap 4 is made of oxygen-free copper and is connected to the upper end of the small-diameter straight cylinder of the inner water jacket 3 of the collecting extreme cap by brazing.

[0055] The outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode is made of pure iron (such as DT8A). The main purpose is that the pure iron material can shield the magnetic field, reduce the focusing effect of the high-power klystron focusing system on the electron beam inside the collecting electrode, and facilitate the divergence of the electron beam. After being nickel-plated, the outer water jacket 5 is connected to the outer side of the collecting electrode base 1 and the collecting electrode end cap 4, and is fixed by brazing.

[0056] The water inlet 6 is made of stainless steel and is nickel-plated before being brazed to the water inlet hole of the collection end cap 4. When the high-power speed regulator is working, the cooling medium enters the collection electrode through the water inlet 6.

[0057] The water outlet 7 is made of stainless steel and is brazed to the water outlet hole of the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode after being nickel-plated. When the high-power speed control tube is working, the cooling medium flows out of the collecting electrode from the water outlet 7.

[0058] The support ring 8 is made of oxygen-free copper material, is fitted onto the outer water jacket 5 of the above-mentioned collecting electrode, and is connected by brazing.

[0059] The weld edge 9 is made of Kovar alloy material and is brazed to the support ring 8 after being nickel-plated.

[0060] The collecting electrode is connected to the high-power klystron high-frequency interaction system via welding edge 9 using welding methods (such as argon arc welding or brazing).

[0061] Every welded joint at the collecting electrode must meet the airtightness requirement (with a gas leakage rate of 1x10). -9 (Pa below). The material of the inner water jacket 3 can be replaced by other materials that can be brazed with oxygen-free copper (such as stainless steel, Kovar alloy, Monel alloy, etc.).

[0062] This invention also provides a method for preparing a high-power klystron collector, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Insert the collecting electrode 2 into the collecting electrode base 1, fix the brazing wire at the insertion surface between the collecting electrode 2 and the collecting electrode base 1, and weld the collecting electrode 2 and the collecting electrode base 1 into a single component by brazing. The solder is generally gold-copper, gold-nickel, palladium-silver-copper, silver-copper, etc.

[0064] Step 2: Connect the inner water jacket 3, outer water jacket 5, and inlet nozzle 6 to the outer end cap 4 of the collecting electrode, and the outlet nozzle 7 to the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode. Place the weld edge 9 onto the support ring 8, and the support ring 8 onto the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode. Fix one ring of brazing wire at the connection points of the inner water jacket 3, outer water jacket 5, and outer end cap 4. Fix 2-3 rings of brazing wire at the connections of the inlet nozzle 6 and outer end cap 4, the outlet nozzle 7 and outer water jacket 5, and the support ring 8 and outer water jacket 5. Place a ring of brazing solder at the connection point of the weld edge 9 and support ring 8. Braze the inner water jacket 3, outer water jacket 5, inlet nozzle 6, outer end cap 4, outlet nozzle 7, weld edge 9, and support ring 8 into a single component. The solder typically used is gold-copper, gold-nickel, palladium-silver-copper, or silver-copper.

[0065] Step 3: Connect the components welded in Step 1 with those welded in Step 2. Specifically, the outer water jacket 5 of the collecting electrode is inserted into the collecting electrode base 1, and the inner water jacket 3 of the collecting electrode is inserted into the collecting electrode body 2. Fix brazing wires at the insertion points. Brazing connects the components welded in Step 1 and Step 2 into a single unit, thus completing the preparation of the collecting electrode. Silver-copper or silver-copper-indium solders are used, and the welding temperature is lower than that of Steps 1 and 2.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-power klystron collector, characterized in that: The system includes a collecting electrode base, a collecting electrode body, an inner water jacket for the collecting electrode, a collecting electrode end cap, an outer water jacket for the collecting electrode, a water inlet, a water outlet, a support ring, and a welded edge. The collecting electrode base has a central opening forming an electron injection channel, and its inner wall is funnel-shaped, forming a large opening and a small opening, with the small opening serving as the electron injection port. The collecting electrode body is divided into a straight cylindrical section and a conical section. The straight cylindrical section is mounted on the collecting electrode base and connects to the large opening of the collecting electrode base. The inner water jacket for the collecting electrode has a thin-walled structure, with a small-diameter straight cylinder at the upper end, a large-diameter straight cylinder at the lower end, and a conical middle section that fits onto the conical section of the collecting electrode body. The collecting electrode end cap has a water inlet hole in the middle, connecting to the small-diameter straight cylinder at the upper end of the inner water jacket. The outer water jacket for the collecting electrode is connected to the outer side of the collecting electrode base and the collecting electrode top cap, and has a water outlet hole near the collecting electrode end cap. The water inlet and... The inlet of the aforementioned collecting electrode cap is connected, and the cooling medium enters the collecting electrode through the inlet. The outlet is connected to the outlet of the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, and the cooling medium flows out of the collecting electrode through the outlet. The support ring is connected to the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode. The welded edge is connected to the support ring. The inner side of the conical part of the collecting electrode is a conical cavity with a cone angle of less than 45 degrees. A ring of water grooves is evenly distributed on the outer side, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​each water groove is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet. The water grooves are divided into two or more sections according to the height of the conical part of the collecting electrode to ensure that the total cross-sectional area of ​​each water groove is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet. One or more rings of flow dividers are distributed in the conical part to increase the turbulence effect of the cooling medium. A ring of water holes is evenly distributed on the outer side of the straight cylindrical part of the collecting electrode. Each water hole is aligned with the water groove in the conical part, and the total cross-sectional area of ​​the water holes is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet.

2. The high-power klystron collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collector electrode is connected to the high-frequency interaction system of the high-power klystron via a welding method.

3. A high-power klystron collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the collecting electrode is working, the cooling medium enters from the inlet and passes through the conical part of the collecting electrode. The cooling medium is evenly distributed by the water tank in the conical part, cooling the conical part first. Then, the cooling medium flows directly from the water tank in the conical part into the water hole in the straight part of the collecting electrode, thereby cooling the straight part. Then, the cooling medium changes its flow direction at the base of the collecting electrode and flows to the storage area formed by the end cap of the collecting electrode and the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, and finally flows out through the outlet.

4. A high-power klystron collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting electrode base, collecting electrode end cap, collecting electrode body, collecting electrode inner water jacket, and support ring are made of oxygen-free copper; the collecting electrode outer water jacket is made of pure iron; the water inlet and water outlet are made of stainless steel; and the welding edge is made of Kovar alloy.

5. A high-power klystron collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the inner water jacket of the collecting electrode is stainless steel, Kovar alloy or Monel alloy.

6. A method for preparing a high-power klystron collector according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the collecting electrode into the collecting electrode base, and fix the brazing wire at the insertion surface between the collecting electrode and the collecting electrode base. Braze the collecting electrode and the collecting electrode base into a single component. The brazing material used is gold-copper, gold-nickel, palladium-silver-copper, or silver-copper. Step 2: Insert the inner water jacket, outer water jacket, and inlet nozzle into the collecting electrode end cap, and the outlet nozzle into the outer water jacket. Place the brazing edge onto the support ring, and then onto the outer water jacket. Fix a ring of brazing wire at each insertion point between the inner and outer water jackets and the collecting electrode end cap. Also fix the brazing wire at the insertion points of the inlet nozzle and the collecting electrode end cap, the outlet nozzle and the outer water jacket, and the support ring and the outer water jacket. Fix 2-3 turns of brazing wire, and place a brazing sheet at the connection between the weld edge and the support ring. Braze the inner water jacket of the collecting electrode, the outer water jacket of the collecting electrode, the inlet nozzle, the end cap of the collecting electrode, the outlet nozzle, the weld edge, and the support ring into a single component. The solder used is gold-copper, gold-nickel, palladium-silver-copper, or silver-copper. Step 3: Connect the component welded in Step 1 to the component welded in Step 2. The outer water jacket of the collecting electrode is inserted into the collecting electrode base, and the inner water jacket of the collecting electrode is inserted into the collecting electrode body. Fix brazing wire at the insertion points. Braze the component welded in Step 1 and the component welded in Step 2 into a single unit, thus completing the preparation of the collecting electrode. The solder used is silver-copper or silver-copper-indium, and the welding temperature is lower than the welding temperatures in Steps 1 and 2.

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