A management method for flower and fruit preservation and yield increase in an established star anise forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a management method for protecting flowers, fruits and increasing yields in mature Chinese star anise forests. The management is carried out in mature Chinese star anise forests. Fertilizers are applied three times respectively in three periods: March to April, June to July and September to October every year, and the fertilizers applied in each period are different. Pesticides are sprayed three times respectively in three periods: May, June to July and September to October every year. The first two sprays are aqueous solution I, and the third spray is aqueous solution II. According to the different characteristics of different growth periods of Chinese star anise, different fertilizers or liquid medicines are selected to apply fertilizers and spray pesticides with strong pertinence, reducing the flower and fruit drop of Chinese star anise, effectively improving the yield and quality. At the same time, a healthy forest stand of Chinese star anise is maintained, and the occurrence of diseases and pests is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, relates to the cultivation technology of Illicium verum, and particularly relates to a method for increasing the yield by protecting flowers and fruits in mature Illicium verum forests. Background Art

[0002] Illicium verum, also known as star anise and Chinese star anise, is a plant of the genus Illicium in the Illiciaceae family. It is native to and mainly produced in the mountainous areas of southern and southwestern Guangxi. It is one of the famous and high-quality economic forest tree species in China, with the characteristics of one-time planting and multi-year benefits. Its products are widely used as important raw materials in fields such as food, beverage, medicine, essence, and electroplating industry, with relatively high economic value and playing an extremely important role in the economic development of planting areas.

[0003] Illicium verum plants have strong reproductive activities, a long flowering period, a large number of flowers, and relatively many young fruits formed, consuming a large amount of nutrients. Coupled with inadequate forest management, a large number of flower and fruit drop phenomena have occurred in Illicium verum forests in many production areas, not only reducing the yield and quality of Illicium verum, but also restricting the development of the Illicium verum industry. CN109516879A discloses a special fertilizer for low-yield Illicium verum forests. According to the nutrient absorption and utilization characteristics of Illicium verum trees and the soil fertility supply situation, the whole-tree nutrition method for forest trees is applied to accurately sample and analyze the biomass of various organs such as roots, trunks, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits of Illicium verum trees, as well as the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of various organs, so as to scientifically calculate the absolute absorption and storage values and relative proportions of large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the tree body, and thus calculate the scientific ratio of large element nutrient fertilizers (N, P, and K) required for Illicium verum fertilization to achieve the purpose of increasing yield. However, this technical solution is to carry out precise formulated fertilization according to the nutrient requirements of various organs of Illicium verum trees. The measurement and calculation processes are numerous and complex, time-consuming and laborious, and the special fertilizers suitable for low-yield application forests in different areas are different, which is not conducive to large-scale transformation of low-yield Illicium verum forests and still restricts the development of the Illicium verum industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for increasing the yield by protecting flowers and fruits in mature Illicium verum forests, which can effectively reduce flower and fruit drop of Illicium verum, improve the yield and quality, and has a simple process and convenient operation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for increasing the yield by protecting flowers and fruits in mature Illicium verum forests, which is to apply fertilizer three times and spray medicine three times every year in mature Illicium verum forests. The specific steps are as follows:

[0007] (1) Fertilization

[0008] a. First fertilization: In March - April of the current year, when the spring shoots start to rapidly sprout, apply 2 kg of Fertilizer Ⅰ per plant to promote the rapid growth and maturation of spring shoots, which is beneficial for manufacturing nutrients to supply young fruits and reducing the first large - scale physiological fruit drop. The Fertilizer Ⅰ is composed of a N - P - K = 15 - 15 - 15 compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content ≥ 45% and an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content ≥ 45% and N + P₂O₅ + K₂O ≥ 8%, mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0009] b. Second fertilization: In June - July of the current year, when it starts to enter the flowering period, apply 1.5 kg of Fertilizer Ⅱ per plant, which is beneficial for flower induction and fruit setting and retention. The Fertilizer Ⅱ is composed of urea and potassium chloride mixed in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0010] c. Third fertilization: In September - October of the current year, after the autumn fruits are harvested, apply 5 kg of Fertilizer Ⅲ per plant to promote the recovery of the plant's tree vigor and supplement nutrients for the later - stage young fruits. The Fertilizer Ⅲ is an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content ≥ 45% and N + P₂O₅ + K₂O ≥ 8%.

[0011] (2) Spraying pesticides

[0012] d. First spraying: In May of the current year, when the spring shoots are mature, spray the foliar surface with Water - soluble Liquid Ⅰ to prevent leaf fall.

[0013] e. Second spraying: In June - July of the current year, spray pesticides 1 month before fruit harvesting, spray the foliar surface with Water - soluble Liquid Ⅰ to prevent and control pests and diseases and for fruit setting and retention.

[0014] The raw material formula of the Water - soluble Liquid Ⅰ is: zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr·azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl·hymexazol 1.2 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L;

[0015] f. Third spraying: In September - October of the current year, spray pesticides after fruit harvesting, spray the foliar surface with Water - soluble Liquid Ⅱ to protect the autumn shoots. The raw material formula of the Water - soluble Liquid Ⅱ is: brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr·azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl·hymexazol 1.0 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L + urea 30 g / L.

[0016] Preferably, the fertilization method in the above step (1) is trench fertilization. Dig a fertilization trench with a length of 0.5 - 1.0 m and a depth of 20 cm on each side of the crown projection on the left and right, evenly spread the fertilizer into it, and then backfill the soil and compact it.

[0017] Preferably, the method of spraying medicine in the above step (2) is to use a conventional high-pressure sprayer to spray the water-soluble liquid medicine onto the leaves of the tree body after 4 pm on a sunny day, so that both the front and back sides of the leaves are moist; the water-soluble liquid medicine is prepared and used immediately.

[0018] Preferably, before fertilizing and spraying medicine as described above, thinning is carried out on the mature Illicium verum forest. The specific method is as follows: In November - December of the previous year, cut down inferior plants and diseased plants, and retain plants with a compact plant type, more branches, and a lower height below the branches. For single plants with multiple main trunks, retain 1 - 2 main trunks; in each mu of forest area, no more than 45 mature Illicium verum trees are retained, and the crowns do not squeeze or overlap with each other.

[0019] Preferably, for the raw materials used in preparing the medicine in the above step (2), the purity of zinc sulfate ≥ 99%, the purity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥ 99%, the purity of boric acid ≥ 99%, the total effective ingredient content of benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin is 30%, the effective ingredient content of prochloraz is 45%, the total effective ingredient content of metalaxyl + hymexazol is 3%, the effective ingredient content of abamectin is 2%, the effective ingredient content of brassinolide is 0.01%, and the total N of urea ≥ 46%.

[0020] Preferably, the age of the Illicium verum trees in the mature Illicium verum forest described above is 20 - 30 years.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. According to the different characteristics of Illicium verum growth in different periods, the present invention selects different fertilizers or liquid medicines to carry out fertilization and spraying medicine with strong pertinence, reduces flower and fruit dropping of Illicium verum, effectively improves the yield and quality, and at the same time, maintains a healthy Illicium verum forest stand and reduces the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0023] 2. The process of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, can be applied to Illicium verum forests in different areas, is suitable for popularization and application, is beneficial to the transformation of low-yield Illicium verum forests in different regions, effectively promotes the development of the Illicium verum industry, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 This is the forest stand with dark green leaves and vigorous growth in Example 1 of the present invention (in 2020).

[0025] Figure 2 This is the forest stand with dark green leaves and vigorous growth in Example 2 of the present invention (in 2022).

[0026] Figure 3 This is the actual scene picture of flower and fruit preservation in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is the actual scene picture of flower and fruit preservation in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a real - scene picture of the fruiting situation in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a real - scene picture of the fruiting situation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a very obvious forest stand damaged by pests and diseases (leaf beetles) in Blank Example 1.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a very obvious forest stand damaged by pests and diseases (Prionodonta edwardsii) in Blank Example 1.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a real - scene picture of a large amount of fruit drop in Blank Example 1.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a real - scene picture of leaf fall damage caused by Colletotrichum illicii in Blank Example 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] Select 10 mu of mature Illicium verum forests with a tree age of 20 - 25 years in Rong County, Guangxi for management and protection.

[0037] In November - December 2016, cut down inferior and diseased plants, and retain plants with a compact plant type, more branches, and a lower height below the branches. For single plants with multiple main trunks, retain 1 - 2 main trunks; in each mu of forest area, retain no more than 45 mature Illicium verum plants, and the crowns do not squeeze or overlap with each other.

[0038] In 2017, start fertilizing and spraying pesticides on this mature Illicium verum forest.

[0039] (1) Fertilization

[0040] a. The first fertilization: In March - April of the current year, when the spring shoots start to rapidly sprout, apply 2 kg of Fertilizer I per plant to promote the rapid growth and maturation of spring shoots, which is beneficial to manufacturing nutrients to supply young fruits and reduce the first large - scale physiological fruit drop; the Fertilizer I is a compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45% and N - P - K = 15 - 15 - 15, and an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥45% and N + P2O5 + K2O ≥8%, mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0041] b. The second fertilization: In June - July of the current year, when entering the flowering period, apply 1.5 kg of Fertilizer II per plant, which is beneficial to promoting flower bud formation and protecting flowers and fruits; the Fertilizer II is a mixture of urea and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0042] c. Third fertilization: In September - October of the current year, after the autumn fruits are harvested, apply 5 kg of Fertilizer III per plant to promote the recovery of the plant's tree vigor and supplement nutrition for the young fruits in the later stage; the Fertilizer III is an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content ≥ 45% and N + P2O5 + K2O ≥ 8%.

[0043] The fertilization method is all ditch application. Dig a fertilization ditch with a length of 0.5 - 1.0 m and a depth of 20 cm on each side of the crown projection. Evenly sprinkle the fertilizer into it, and then backfill the soil and compact it.

[0044] (2) Spraying pesticides

[0045] d. First spraying: In May of the current year, when the spring shoots are mature, spray the water - soluble liquid medicine I on the leaf surface to prevent leaf fall;

[0046] e. Second spraying: In June - July of the current year, spray pesticides 1 month before fruit harvesting. Spray the water - soluble liquid medicine I on the leaf surface to prevent and control pests and diseases and protect flowers and fruits;

[0047] The raw material formula of the water - soluble liquid medicine I is: zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr·azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl·hymexazol 1.2 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L;

[0048] f. Third spraying: In September - October of the current year, spray pesticides after fruit harvesting. Spray the water - soluble liquid medicine II on the leaf surface to protect the autumn shoots; the raw material formula of the water - soluble liquid medicine II is: brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr·azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl·hymexazol 1.0 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L + urea 30 g / L.

[0049] The spraying method is to use a conventional high - pressure sprayer to spray the water - soluble liquid medicine onto the tree leaves after 4 pm on sunny days until both sides of the leaves are wet; the water - soluble liquid medicine is prepared and used immediately.

[0050] The raw materials used for preparing the medicine: the purity of zinc sulfate ≥ 99%, the purity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥ 99%, the purity of boric acid ≥ 99%, the total active ingredient content of benzovindiflupyr·azoxystrobin is 30%, the active ingredient content of prochloraz is 45%, the total active ingredient content of metalaxyl·hymexazol is 3%, the active ingredient content of abamectin is 2%, the active ingredient content of brassinolide is 0.01%, and the total N of urea ≥ 46%.

[0051] In 2018 - 2019, the same fertilization and spraying management were carried out according to the above - mentioned method for two consecutive years.

[0052] Example 2:

[0053] The difference from Example 1 is that in November 2020, 20 acres of star anise forest with a tree age of 20-30 years were selected in Baise for management and maintenance, and thinning was carried out according to the same method as in Example 1. Starting in 2021, the star anise forest was fertilized and sprayed three times a year according to the same plan as in Example 1.

[0054] Continue to carry out the same fertilization and spraying management according to the above method until August 2022.

[0055] Comparative Example 1:

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that NPK=15-15-15 compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45% is applied at three different times, namely, March to April, June to July, and September to October of the same year, with 2 kg applied per plant. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0057] Comparative Example 2:

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is that organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥45% and N+P2O5+K2O ≥8% is applied at three different times, namely, March to April, June to July, and September to October of the same year, with 2 kg applied per plant. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 3:

[0060] The difference from Example 1 is that water-soluble liquid I is used for foliage spraying in three different periods, namely May, June to July and September to October of the same year, and the other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0061] Comparative Example 4:

[0062] The difference from Example 1 is that water-soluble liquid II is used for foliage spraying in three different periods, namely May, June to July and September to October of the same year. The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 5:

[0064] The difference from Example 1 is that the spraying liquid used is different. An aqueous solution of zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzoyl azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L is used instead of aqueous solution I in Example 1 for the first two sprayings; and an aqueous solution of brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzoyl azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L + urea 30 g / L is used instead of aqueous solution II in Example 1 for the third spraying. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0065] Control Example 6:

[0066] The difference from Example 1 is that when spraying pesticides, the spraying liquid medicine used is different. For the first two sprays, a water-soluble liquid medicine of zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl-mancozeb 1.2 ml / L is used to replace the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅰ in Example 1; for the third spray, a water-soluble liquid medicine of brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl-mancozeb 1.0 ml / L + urea 30 g / L is used to replace the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅱ in Example 1. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0067] Control Example 7:

[0068] The difference from Example 1 is that when spraying pesticides, the spraying liquid medicine used is different. For the first two sprays, a water-soluble liquid medicine of zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + carbendazim 2.0 g / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L is used to replace the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅰ in Example 1; for the third spray, a water-soluble liquid medicine of brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + carbendazim 2.0 g / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L + urea 30 g / L is used to replace the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅱ in Example 1. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0069] Control Example 8:

[0070] The difference from Example 1 is that when spraying pesticides, the spraying liquid medicine used is different. For the first two sprays, a water-soluble liquid medicine of zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl-mancozeb 1.2 ml / L + imidacloprid 1.2 g / L is used to replace the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅰ in Example 1; for the third spray, a water-soluble liquid medicine of brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl-mancozeb 1.0 ml / L + imidacloprid 1.2 g / L + urea 30 g / L is used to replace the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅱ in Example 1. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0071] Blank Example 1:

[0072] Select 10 mu of mature star anise forests with a tree age of 20 - 30 years in Rong County, Guangxi for management and protection.

[0073] In November and December 2016, inferior and diseased plants were felled, and plants with a compact plant type, more branches, and a lower height below the branches were retained. For single plants with multiple main trunks, 1 to 2 main trunks were left; no more than 45 mature Illicium verum trees were retained per mu of forest area, and the crowns did not squeeze or overlap with each other.

[0074] In 2017, fertilization and spraying of pesticides were started on this mature Illicium verum forest. Compound fertilizers with a total nutrient content of ≥ 45% and N-P-K = 15-15-15 were applied in three different periods: March to April, June to July, and September to October of that year. 2 kg of fertilizer was applied to each plant, and all were applied by trench application. A fertilization trench with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 m and a depth of 20 cm was dug on each side of the crown projection. The fertilizer was evenly spread and then covered with soil and compacted.

[0075] In the same year, conventional foliar fertilizer of 2.0 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in three different periods: May, June to July, and September to October. The method of spraying pesticides was to use a conventional high-pressure sprayer to spray the aqueous solution of the medicine onto the leaves of the tree body after 4 pm on sunny days, and it was appropriate to moisten both the front and back sides of the leaves; the foliar fertilizer was prepared and used immediately.

[0076] In 2018 and 2019, the same fertilization and spraying management were carried out according to the above method for two consecutive years.

[0077] Blank Example 2:

[0078] In 2020, 20 mu of mature Illicium verum forests with a tree age of 30 years were selected in Baise for management and protection.

[0079] In November and December 2020, inferior and diseased plants were felled, and plants with a compact plant type, more branches, and a lower height below the branches were retained. For single plants with multiple main trunks, 1 to 2 main trunks were left; no more than 45 mature Illicium verum trees were retained per mu of forest area, and the crowns did not squeeze or overlap with each other.

[0080] In 2021, fertilization and spraying of pesticides were started on this mature Illicium verum forest. Compound fertilizers with a total nutrient content of ≥ 45% and N-P-K = 15-15-15 were applied in three different periods: March to April, June to July, and September to October of that year. 2 kg of fertilizer was applied to each plant, and all were applied by trench application. A fertilization trench with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 m and a depth of 20 cm was dug on each side of the crown projection. The fertilizer was evenly spread and then covered with soil and compacted.

[0081] In the same year, conventional foliar fertilizer of 2.0 g / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed in three different periods: May, June to July, and September to October. The method of spraying pesticides was to use a conventional high-pressure sprayer to spray the aqueous solution of the medicine onto the leaves of the tree body after 4 pm on sunny days, and it was appropriate to moisten both the front and back sides of the leaves; the foliar fertilizer was prepared and used immediately.

[0082] The same fertilization and spraying management were continuously carried out according to the above method until August 2022.

[0083] Investigation and test: Observe the pests and diseases of the mature Illicium verum forests in Example 1, Example 2, Control Examples 1-8, and Blank Example 1, and investigate and record the number of young fruits with fruits set in January 2020. After the fruit setting is stable in June, measure the fruit retention rate of Example 1, Control Examples 1-8, and Blank Example 1, and measure the per-mu yield of Illicium verum after the fruits mature in September; Measure the fruit retention rate and per-mu yield of Illicium verum in Example 2 and Blank Example 2 in June 2022; The calculation formulas for the fruit retention rate and per-mu yield of Illicium verum are as follows:

[0084] Fruit retention rate (%) = existing fruit quantity / original young fruit quantity with fruits set × 100%;

[0085] Per-mu yield of Illicium verum = mass of fresh Illicium verum fruits produced per mu of forest land;

[0086] The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

[0087] Table 1

[0088]

[0089] Table 2

[0090]

[0091] It can be seen from the comparison of Table 1 and Table 2 that

[0092] (1) It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Blank Example 1, and Example 2 and Blank Example 2 that by adopting this technical solution, compared with the conventional fertilizer and pesticide management, the fruit retention rate can be increased to 74.5%, and even up to 83.6%. The per-mu yield of Illicium verum has increased by 45.6%, and even as high as 66.2%. Moreover, the forest stand is healthy and there are few pests and diseases; At the same time, it can be seen that the longer the management method according to this technical solution (such as at least three complete natural years of management in Example 1), the more obvious the improvement effect of the fruit retention rate and per-mu yield of Illicium verum;

[0093] (2) It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Control Examples 1-2 that by adopting this technical solution, applying three different fertilizers at three different periods can effectively improve the fruit retention rate and per-mu yield;

[0094] (3) It can be seen from the comparison between Example 1 and Control Examples 3-4 that by adopting this technical solution, spraying three different water-soluble liquid medicines at three different periods can effectively improve the fruit retention rate and per-mu yield, and at the same time ensure the health of the forest stand;

[0095] (4) It can be seen from Example 1 and Control Examples 5-8 that the water-soluble liquid medicine of this technical solution has strong pertinence, and the liquid medicine formula is unique. Especially, the effect of metalaxyl·hymexazol + abamectin coexisting with other raw materials is obvious. It can effectively improve the fruit retention rate and per-mu yield on the premise of ensuring the health of the forest stand.

[0096] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than limiting them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A management method for flower and fruit preservation and yield increase in mature star anise forests, characterized in that, Select to apply fertilizer three times and spray pesticides three times in the mature star anise forest every year. The specific steps are as follows: (1) Fertilization a. The first fertilization: In March - April of the current year, when the spring shoots start to rapidly sprout, apply 2 kg of Fertilizer Ⅰ per plant; the Fertilizer Ⅰ is a compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of ≥45% and N-P-K = 15-15-15, and an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥45% and N+P2O5+K2O≥8%, mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1; b. The second fertilization: In June - July of the current year, when it starts to enter the flowering period, apply 1.5 kg of Fertilizer Ⅱ per plant; the Fertilizer Ⅱ is a mixture of urea and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of 2:1; c. The third fertilization: In September - October of the current year, after the autumn fruits are harvested, apply 5 kg of Fertilizer Ⅲ per plant; the Fertilizer Ⅲ is an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content of ≥45% and N+P2O5+K2O≥8%; (2) Pesticide spraying d. The first pesticide spraying: In May of the current year, when the spring shoots are mature, spray the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅰ on the leaf surface; e. The second pesticide spraying: In June - July of the current year, spray pesticides 1 month before fruit harvesting, and spray the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅰ on the leaf surface; The raw material formula of the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅰ is: zinc sulfate 3.5 mg / L + potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 mg / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl·hymexazol 1.2 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L; f. The third pesticide spraying: In September - October of the current year, spray pesticides after fruit harvesting, and spray the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅱ on the leaf surface; The raw material formula of the water-soluble liquid medicine Ⅱ is: brassinolide 0.5 ml / L + boric acid 1.0 mg / L + benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin 0.5 ml / L + prochloraz 0.5 ml / L + metalaxyl·hymexazol 1.0 ml / L + abamectin 2.0 ml / L + urea 30 g / L; For the raw materials used in preparing the medicine, the purity of zinc sulfate ≥99%, the purity of potassium dihydrogen phosphate ≥99%, the purity of boric acid ≥99%, the total active ingredient content of benzovindiflupyr + azoxystrobin is 30%, the active ingredient content of prochloraz is 45%, the total active ingredient content of metalaxyl·hymexazol is 3%, the active ingredient content of abamectin is 2%, the active ingredient content of brassinolide is 0.01%, and the total N of urea ≥46%.

2. The method for increasing the yield and protecting the flowers and fruits of an octagon forest in its mature stage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of fertilization in step (1) is to use trench fertilization. Dig a fertilization trench with a length of 0.5 - 1.0 m and a depth of 20 cm on each side of the crown projection of the tree, evenly sprinkle the fertilizer into it, and then backfill the soil and compact it.

3. The method for managing the preservation of flowers and fruits and increasing yield in an established star anise forest according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of pesticide spraying in step (2) is to use a conventional high-pressure sprayer to spray the water-soluble liquid medicine onto the tree leaves after 4 pm on sunny days until both sides of the leaves are wet; the water-soluble liquid medicine is prepared and used immediately.

4. The method for increasing production and protecting flowers and fruits in an established star anise forest according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before fertilization and pesticide spraying, thin the mature star anise forest. The specific method is: In November - December of the previous year, cut down inferior plants and diseased plants, and retain plants with a compact plant type, more branches, and a lower branch height. For single plants with multiple main trunks, retain 1 - 2 main trunks; in each mu of forest area, retain no more than 45 mature star anise trees, and the crowns of the trees do not squeeze or overlap with each other.

5. The method for increasing production and protecting flowers and fruits in an established star anise forest according to claim 1, characterized in that, The star anise trees in the mature star anise forest are 20 - 30 years old.

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