A special-shaped anode and an electrolytic furnace

Abstract

A special-shaped anode and an electrolytic furnace, comprising a furnace body, an anode and a cathode are built in the furnace body, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of a power supply device, the anode is symmetrically arranged about the cathode and connected to the positive pole of the power supply device, a receiver is arranged directly below the cathode, and the projection of the cathode on the furnace bottom falls within the range of the receiver; the cathode is a column, and an angle iron is connected to the upper part of the anode; the anode is fan-shaped, and the side facing the cathode is a cylinder, and the thickness gradually increases from the middle to the two sides. The electrolytic furnace using the anode of the present invention has a resource consumption rate of a single anode reduced by about 33% compared with the previous case, and the electrolysis process avoids the occurrence of anode falling, ensuring the efficiency and quality of electrolysis; a pole distance compensation mechanism is also provided, so that the pole distance can be automatically and dynamically compensated according to the consumption of the anode during the electrolysis process, maintaining the stability of the pole distance, ensuring the efficiency and quality of electrolysis, and the anode can also be swung to facilitate electrolyte stirring and gas escape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rare earth electrolysis, and in particular to a special-shaped anode and an electrolytic furnace. Background Art

[0002] Rare earth elements are a general term for 17 elements in the ⅢB group of the periodic table, including lanthanides, scandium and yttrium. They are usually represented by RE or REE. They have unique optical, electrical and magnetic properties and are important raw materials in the field of contemporary high-tech. New functional materials, electronic materials, optical materials, special alloys and organometallic compounds made of rare earth elements are widely used in high-tech fields such as electronic information, new energy, new materials, energy conservation and environmental protection, and aerospace. China is rich in rare earth mineral resources, which provides good resource conditions for the development of the rare earth industry. In the production of rare earth metals and their alloys, electrolysis is a common production method. The electrolysis temperature for the production of rare earth metals and their alloys is usually above about 900°C.

[0003] Reference Figure 1-2 , a cathode 3 and an anode 2 are arranged opposite to each other in the furnace body, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply device, and the anode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply device, and the distance between them is the pole distance. The molten salt undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction in this electric field, and the metal cations gain electrons at the cathode to form liquid metal. The anode is generally made of graphite. According to common sense, graphite is a good conductor of electricity and has a soft texture. Angle iron 6 is fixedly connected to the top of the anode so that the anode is suspended in the furnace body. The cathode is columnar, and the anode is a circular ring with a central angle of less than 180°. According to the oxidation-reduction reaction accompanying the electrolysis, the anode is a consumable and is at the height of the liquid level. Under the condition of the cathode, the side facing the cathode is gradually consumed, resulting in a gradual increase in the distance between the electrodes and a decrease in the electrolysis rate. More importantly, the thickness of the anode gradually becomes thinner as the electrolysis progresses, and it needs to be replaced before it is completely consumed. Figure 1 As shown in The state of the anode before electrolysis is not consumed, the edge line The state when the anode is replaced, the edge line , Edge The distance between the electrodes is the part where the inter-electrode pitch increases. At this time, there is still a remaining part of the anode that cannot be further utilized.

[0004] The reason is as follows: Figure 2The anode is in a circular shape, and its center of gravity may not be located on the anode. The anode gravity G generates a large torque on the connection between it and the angle iron 6. In addition, the anode stirs the electrolyte liquid during the electrolysis process. According to the principle of force interaction, the electrolyte liquid has resistance to the anode, and the resistance also has a large torque on the connection. As the anode is consumed and becomes thinner, its mechanical strength is not enough to support stability, and there is a risk of falling. Therefore, the anode needs to be taken out for replacement after it is consumed to a certain thickness, but this not only results in a low actual utilization rate of the anode, but also compresses the working time of the furnace. Summary of the invention

[0005] According to the problems raised in the background technology, the present invention provides a special-shaped anode and an electrolytic furnace to solve the problems. The present invention will be further explained below.

[0006] A special-shaped anode, the top of which is connected to an angle iron, the cross section is a fan-shaped structure, the side facing the cathode is a cylinder, and the thickness gradually increases from the middle to the two sides.

[0007] Furthermore, the anode is also cylindrical on a side facing away from the cathode, and its curvature is smaller than the curvature of the cylinder facing the cathode, so as to facilitate processing and manufacturing.

[0008] Optionally, the center of the cylinder facing away from the cathode The intersection of the second back curve line of another anode that is not thinned and symmetrical with the cathode and the anode symmetry center axis, or

[0009] The center of the cylinder facing away from the cathode It is the intersection of the symmetrical central axis of the anode and the edge line of the furnace body.

[0010] The present invention also provides an electrolytic furnace using special-shaped anodes, including a furnace body, in which an anode and a cathode are built, the cathode is connected to the negative pole of a power supply device, the anode is symmetrically arranged about the cathode and connected to the positive pole of the power supply device, a receiver is arranged directly below the cathode, and the projection of the cathode on the bottom of the furnace body falls within the range of the receiver; the cathode is a cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, a pole distance compensation mechanism is also included, and the pole distance compensation mechanism includes:

[0012] A crossbeam, a slide groove is provided at the lower part thereof, a slider is provided in the slide groove, an angle iron is connected to the slider, and the crossbeam extends from the top of the furnace body to the furnace body;

[0013] Hanger, which connects the beam to the lifting device;

[0014] An end seat is arranged outside the electrolytic furnace, one end of the crossbeam is connected to the end seat, and the end seat and the hanger are raised and lowered synchronously;

[0015] The pressure sensor, built into the end seat is the inner top, used for the dynamic change of the moment of the beam;

[0016] The mounting plate is arranged outside the electrolytic furnace, on which a screw is arranged, on which a movable seat is arranged in cooperation, and the anode is connected to the movable seat through a connecting rod;

[0017] The first motor is used to drive the screw to rotate according to the change value obtained by the pressure sensor, compensate for the displacement change of the pole pitch, and maintain the stability of the pole pitch.

[0018] Furthermore, the screw is connected to the output of the speed change gear box, and the first motor is connected to the input of the speed change gear box, so as to amplify the minute displacement of the pole pitch to the number of rotations that can be accurately controlled by the first motor.

[0019] Furthermore, the change in pressure value is approximately in direct proportion to the pole pitch value, which facilitates feedback control.

[0020] Furthermore, the angle iron is rotatably connected to the slider, and further comprises:

[0021] A pivot, disposed on the moving seat;

[0022] The swing plate is coaxially arranged on the pivot shaft and swings back and forth with a small amplitude around the pivot shaft under the drive of the driving device;

[0023] Two equal-length connecting rods are respectively connected to the angle irons and the swing plate on both sides of the anode, and the two equal-length connecting rods and the four pivot points of the angle iron and the swing plate form a parallelogram;

[0024] The anode is driven to swing back and forth by the connecting rod, which has a certain stirring effect on the liquid electrolyte, which is beneficial to the flow of electrolyte and the escape of gas. More importantly, it makes it difficult for gas to adhere to the anode, thereby reducing the anode effect to a minimum.

[0025] Furthermore, a cavity is provided on the swing plate, and the driving device for driving the swing plate to swing comprises:

[0026] a second motor, fixed to the mounting plate;

[0027] An eccentric cam is connected to the output of the second motor and is located in the cavity, wherein the eccentric cam contacts the cavity wall;

[0028] When the second motor drives the eccentric cam to rotate, the eccentric cam drives the swing plate to swing back and forth through the action with the cavity wall.

[0029] Furthermore, the mounting plate is connected to the crossbeam through a hanger, and the mounting plate and the crossbeam rise and fall synchronously; the function is not only to dynamically compensate for the electrode distance during the electrolysis process, but also to rise synchronously with the crossbeam when the anode needs to be replaced. When the anode is exposed outside the furnace body, the anode can be pulled out of the furnace body, and then the anode can be replaced outside the furnace body.

[0030] Furthermore, a gas collecting hood is connected to the cathode, the gas collecting hood is located above the electrolyte liquid level, the top of the gas collecting hood is connected to an exhaust pipe, and an air knife tube is provided on the top of the electrolytic furnace. The air knife tube sprays air toward the anode to spray protective gas toward the anode; an induced draft fan is provided on the exhaust pipe to form a negative pressure in the gas collecting hood.

[0031] Furthermore, the gas collecting hood is in the shape of a trumpet with a larger bottom and a smaller top, which serves to increase the distance between the top and the wall of the electrolytic furnace, provide installation space for components, and expand the gas coverage area at the bottom, making it easier to discharge the generated waste gas;

[0032] Furthermore, the discharge direction of the distribution port is toward the gas collecting hood, and raw materials are continuously replenished into the electrolytic furnace through the distribution port. The amount of incoming material replenished each time is matched with the electrolysis reaction rate, so as to maintain relatively small fluctuations in the electrolyte liquid level. After the raw materials are discharged from the distribution port, they fall freely and first contact the gas collecting hood. The trumpet-shaped shape of the gas collecting hood has a deceleration and guiding effect on the raw materials, so as to reduce the speed at which the raw materials fall into the electrolyte and avoid large fluctuations and splashing of the electrolyte liquid level.

[0033] Furthermore, the air knife tube is fixed on the crossbeam, and its jet direction forms an acute angle with the side of the anode facing the cathode; the purpose is to extend the action distance between the shielding gas and the anode surface and reduce the force acting vertically on the surface of the anode.

[0034] Furthermore, the position of the hanger on the beam satisfies: the moment of the reaction force of the air knife tube on the hanger fulcrum is equal to the moment of the hanger rod on the hanger fulcrum; the effect is to make the value change of the pressure sensor directly reflect the consumption of the anode.

[0035] Furthermore, the cathode is connected to the suspension system, and the receiving area of ​​the receiver is close to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cathode; the purpose is that when the molten metal needs to be extracted, the suspension system moves sideways to cause the receiver and the cathode to be misaligned, and the part of the receiver exposed outside the cathode acts as a siphon to move down into the required space of the receiver.

[0036] Preferably, a avoidance groove is provided at the bottom edge of the gas collecting hood for the gas collecting hood to be moved to one side by the suspension system; the purpose of this arrangement is to maximize the coverage area of ​​the gas collecting hood while retaining the space required for the siphon tube to move downward.

[0037] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the resource consumption rate of a single anode of the electrolytic furnace using the anode of the present invention is reduced by about 33%, and the anode is prevented from falling during the electrolysis process, thereby ensuring the efficiency and quality of the electrolysis; the electrolytic furnace is also provided with an electrode distance compensation mechanism, so that the electrode distance can be automatically and dynamically compensated according to the consumption of the anode during the electrolysis process, thereby maintaining the stability of the electrode distance, ensuring the efficiency and quality of the electrolysis, and the anode can also be swung to facilitate electrolyte stirring and gas escape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 : Schematic diagram of the anode being symmetrically arranged with respect to the cathode under the prior art;

[0039] Figure 2 : A cross-sectional schematic diagram of anode consumption under the prior art;

[0040] Figure 3 : The structure of the anode of Example 1 and the schematic diagram of the anode being symmetrically arranged with respect to the cathode;

[0041] Figure 4 : The structure of the anode of Example 2 and the schematic diagram of the anode being symmetrically arranged with respect to the cathode;

[0042] Figure 5 : Schematic diagram of final consumption of anode electrolysis of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 : A schematic structural diagram of an electrolytic furnace according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 : Schematic diagram of the connection between anode and pole distance compensation mechanism;

[0045] Figure 8 : The effect of the misalignment between cathode and siphon;

[0046] In the figure: furnace body 1, anode 2, cathode 3, receiver 4, siphon 5, angle iron 6, beam 7, hanger 8, end seat 9, pressure sensor 10, mounting plate 11, screw 12, moving seat 13, speed change gear box 14, first motor 15, pivot 16, swing plate 17, cavity 171, connecting rod 18, second motor 19, eccentric cam 20, hanger 21, material distribution port 22, air collecting hood 23, avoidance groove 231, air outlet pipe 24, air knife tube 25. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Next, combine with Figure 1-8 A specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.

[0048] Reference Figure 3 and 6An electrolytic furnace comprises a furnace body 1 as a structural main body, an anode 2 and a cathode 3 are built in the furnace body 1, the cathode 3 is suspended in the middle of the furnace body, and the cathode 3 is connected to the negative electrode of a power supply device, the cathode 3 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant metal materials such as tungsten and molybdenum, the anode 2 is symmetrically arranged about the cathode 3, the anode 2 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply device, the anode 2 is made of graphite, an electric field is formed between the anode 2 and the cathode 3, and the distance between them is the pole distance, the molten salt undergoes oxidation-reduction reaction in this electric field, and the metal cations gain electrons at the cathode 3 to form liquid metal.

[0049] A receiver 4 is arranged directly below the cathode 3. The liquid metal obtained at the cathode 3 falls into the receiver and is collected. The liquid metal is formed on the surface of the cathode. The projection of the cathode 3 on the bottom of the furnace body 1 falls within the range of the receiver 4. The function is to allow the molten metal to fall into the receiver. The current method of extracting the molten metal includes extracting it by the siphon principle of the siphon tube 5. The function is also to reserve a siphon tube setting or lifting space on the receiver that does not touch the cathode. The edge of the receiver 4 is higher than the bottom of the electrolytic furnace, and the function is to prevent impurities from entering the receiver.

[0050] The cathode 3 is cylindrical; the top of the anode 2 is connected to the angle iron 6, which is located above the electrolyte surface during electrolysis. Most of the anode 2 is immersed in the electrolyte. The cross-section of the anode 2 is fan-shaped, and its center of gravity may not be located on the anode. As mentioned in the background, the anode 2 is a consumable and is continuously consumed during the electrolysis process. The gravity G exerts a great torque on the connection between it and the angle iron 6. During the electrolysis process, the anode gradually becomes thinner, the overall structural strength decreases, and there is a risk of falling. In order to solve this technical problem, the present embodiment creatively changes the structure of the anode 2 into a special-shaped structure. Specifically: the anode 2 maintains a cylindrical surface on the side facing the cathode 3, and its thickness gradually increases from the middle to both sides.

[0051] Reference Figure 5 According to the principle of mechanics, the force arm of the middle part of the fan-shaped anode 2 relative to the connection with the angle iron 6 is the largest, and the adverse effect on the connection is the greatest. However, the thickness of the anode 2 in this embodiment is the thinnest in the middle, and the gravity acting on the connection is the smallest. Moreover, the thickness of the anode is thicker as it approaches the angle iron, and the thickness is the largest at the connection, so the connection stability with the angle iron is the strongest. In fact, the anode in this embodiment is fan-shaped. Compared with the complete fan-shaped structure, the cut part The existing fan-shaped structure has a significant adverse effect on the connection. At the same time, during the electrolysis process, the thickness of the side facing the cathode 3 is gradually consumed, even if the middle part of the anode is completely consumed, the two ends It is also stably connected to the angle iron, so there is no risk of falling. From the perspective of resource consumption, it reduces some It is also anode resources saved compared to the prior art. Therefore, the fan-shaped anode described in this embodiment has a significant progressive effect.

[0052] The anode 2 is also cylindrical on the side facing away from the cathode 3, and its curvature is smaller than the curvature of the cylinder facing the cathode 3, which is used to facilitate processing and manufacturing. Two embodiments are given below to further illustrate the structure of the anode. The two embodiments show only the top view of the anode and the cathode in the furnace body, and the lines described below are actually surfaces. Example 1

[0053] Reference Figure 3 , select a point on the first back arc line 201 of the anode 2 near the angle iron 6 , The thickness of the anode between the angle iron 6 is not reduced in order to maintain the connection strength with the angle iron; the intersection of the second back arc line 202 of another symmetrically arranged anode that has not been thinned and the symmetrical central axis of the anode is taken as the center of the circle. ,by Draw a circle with the line segment length as the radius, intersecting with anode 2 at , , arc segment Located inside the anode 2.

[0054] The arc segment That is, the cylindrical surface of the anode 2 facing away from the cathode 3, the area That is, the anode material saved compared to the fan-shaped anode. Example 2

[0055] Reference Figure 4 , select a point on the first back arc line 201 of the anode 2 near the angle iron 6 , The thickness of the anode between the angle iron 6 is not reduced in order to maintain the connection strength with the angle iron; the intersection of the symmetrical central axis of the anode and the edge line of the furnace body is taken as the center of the circle. ,by Draw a circle with the line segment length as the radius, intersecting with anode 2 at , , arc segment Located inside the anode 2.

[0056] The arc segment That is, the cylindrical surface of the anode 2 facing away from the cathode 3, the area That is, the anode material saved compared to the fan-shaped anode.

[0057] It has been verified that by using the anode of the present invention, the resource consumption rate of a single anode is reduced by about 33% compared with the previous case, and the anode is prevented from falling during the electrolysis process, thereby ensuring the efficiency and quality of the electrolysis.

[0058] The anode 2 is a consumable and is continuously consumed during the electrolysis process. The anode 2 in the prior art is connected to a lifting device so that it can be raised to replace a new anode after the anode is worn out. However, as described in the background technology, during the electrolysis process, the pole distance is dynamically increased based on the gradual consumption of the anode. In order to maintain the stability of the pole distance, the prior art adopts a method of making the lifting device have horizontal translation control. Based on the high temperature environment where the electrolysis is stable at above 900°C, conventional sensors for measuring the thickness or weight of the anode cannot be directly used for the anode. The prior art is based on the chemical relationship of the redox reaction principle. The consumption of the anode is obtained by converting the amount of the obtained metal liquid, and then the change in the pole distance is obtained and finally fed back to the compensation of the translation amount, but the influence of impurities on the reaction is ignored. It can only be corrected based on the empirical value, but it is impossible to achieve accurate compensation. This embodiment is provided with a pole distance compensation mechanism, which compensates the pole distance of the anode according to the consumption of the anode to maintain the constant pole distance.

[0059] Reference Figure 6-7 The pole distance compensation mechanism includes a crossbeam 7, a slide groove (not shown) is arranged under the crossbeam 7, and the slide groove can be a convex groove or a dovetail groove. A slider (not shown) is arranged in the slide groove, and the angle iron 6 is connected to the slider, so that the anode has sliding freedom relative to the slide groove; the crossbeam 7 extends from the top of the furnace body to the furnace body, the anode 2 is connected to the crossbeam 7, and the crossbeam 7 is connected to the lifting device through the hanger 8. The end of the crossbeam 7 outside the furnace body is connected to the end seat 9, and the end of the crossbeam 7 is located in the end seat 9. The end seat 9 can also be connected to the lifting device and rise and fall synchronously with the hanger 8 to lift the anode to a height that is completely exposed to the furnace body.

[0060] The crossbeam 7 is actually a lever with the hanger 8 as the fulcrum. A pressure sensor 10 is arranged at the top of the end seat 9 to obtain the force of the crossbeam 7 on the end seat 9. The end of the crossbeam 7 located inside the furnace body bears the difference between the weight of the anode and the angle frame and the buoyancy of the electrolyte on the anode, and the end located outside the furnace body is subjected to the reaction pressure of the end seat 9. The torques of the two forces relative to the fulcrum are equal, so the value change of the pressure sensor 10 indirectly reflects the weight change of the anode consumption. The crossbeam 7 of this embodiment places the pressure sensor 10 in the external space away from the furnace body, breaking through the restriction that conventional sensors cannot be used in an electrolytic environment.

[0061] The consumption surface of the anode 2 is mainly the surface facing the cathode 3. Since the surface of the anode 2 facing the cathode 3 is a cylindrical surface, its wall thickness gradually decreases during the consumption process, that is, the anode consumption cross section within a period of time is fan-shaped. When , anode volume reduction The calculation formula is:

[0062] ;

[0063] in, is the central angle of the sector anode 2, is the radius of the anode at the previous moment, is the height of the anode immersed in the electrolyte.

[0064] The consumable surface of the anode is immersed in the electrolyte liquid, and the part immersed in the electrolyte is also subject to the buoyancy of the electrolyte liquid. According to common sense, the buoyancy it receives is the gravity of the electrolyte liquid it displaces. Therefore, the force on one end of the beam 7 located in the furnace body changes. The calculation formula is:

[0065] ;

[0066] in, is the anode density, is the electrolyte density;

[0067] In the calculation process, based on The characteristics with small values ​​can be ignored and can be simplified to:

[0068] ;

[0069] Known pressure value The change of can be approximated as The changes are in direct proportion and easy for feedback control.

[0070] A mounting plate 11 is provided outside the furnace body, a screw 12 is provided inside the mounting plate 11, a moving seat 13 is provided on the screw 12, and the angle iron 6 connected to the anode 2 is connected to the moving seat 13; the end of the screw 12 is connected to the output of the speed change gear box 14, and the input of the speed change gear box 14 is a first motor 15. The speed change gear box 14 and the first motor 15 are fixed on the mounting plate 11. The first motor 15 controls the number of rotations according to the feedback of the value measured by the pressure sensor 10, controls the displacement distance of the mounting plate 11 through the screw 12, and then pulls the anode 2 to slide close to the cathode in the slide groove of the crossbeam 7 to dynamically compensate for the change of the pole pitch and maintain the stability of the pole pitch. The function of the speed change gear box 14 is to amplify the small displacement of the pole pitch to the number of rotations that can be accurately controlled by the first motor 15.

[0071] The movable seat 13 is connected to a pivot 16, and a swinging plate 17 is coaxially arranged on the pivot 16. The swinging plate 17 can rotate relative to the pivot 16. The angle irons on both sides of the graphite anode are connected to the swinging plate 17 through equal-length connecting rods 18 respectively. The two equal-length connecting rods 18 and the four pivot points of the angle iron and the swinging plate 17 form a parallelogram. The swinging plate 17 swings back and forth with a small amplitude around the pivot 16 as the axis under the drive of the driving device, and drives the anode 2 to swing back and forth through the connecting rod 18. The function is to play a certain stirring role on the liquid electrolyte, which is beneficial to the flow of the electrolyte and the escape of the gas. More importantly, it makes it difficult for the gas to adhere to the anode, thereby reducing the anode effect to a minimum.

[0072] By way of example and not limitation, this embodiment provides a driving device to drive the swing plate 17 to swing. A second motor 19 is fixed on the mounting plate 11. The output of the second motor 19 is connected to an eccentric cam 20. A cavity 171 is provided on the swing plate 17. The eccentric cam 20 is located in the cavity 171. The eccentric cam 20 is in contact with the wall of the cavity 171. When the second motor 19 drives the eccentric cam 20 to rotate, the eccentric cam 20 drives the swing plate 17 to swing back and forth through the action with the cavity wall. Of course, it is also feasible to use other mechanisms such as crank lever mechanisms, which are not limited in this embodiment.

[0073] The mounting plate 11 can be connected to the crossbeam 7 through the suspension rod 21, so that the mounting plate 11 and the crossbeam 7 can be raised and lowered synchronously. The function is not only to dynamically compensate the electrode distance during the electrolysis process, but also to rise synchronously with the crossbeam 7 when the anode needs to be replaced. When the anode is exposed outside the furnace body, the anode can be pulled out of the furnace body, and then the anode can be replaced outside the furnace body. It should be noted that the value of the pressure sensor at this time needs to take into account the tension carried by the suspension rod 21.

[0074] The furnace body is provided with a distribution port 22 at the top, through which raw materials are continuously added to the furnace body. The reciprocating swing of the anode 2 is also conducive to the stirring of the raw materials so as to better distribute them in the liquid electrolyte. Preferably, the replenishment amount of incoming materials per furnace is matched with the electrolysis efficiency, so as to maintain the electrolyte liquid level with relatively small fluctuations, and the relative changes in the height of the anode immersed in the electrolyte can be ignored.

[0075] During the electrolysis process, there may be an anode effect on the surface of the anode 2. The so-called anode effect is a blocking phenomenon caused by the inhibition of the transmission of current between the anode and the electrolyte. Under high pressure, even a popping sound can be heard. At the anode, oxygen ions lose electrons and are oxidized into CO2 or CO. The process in which ions gain or lose electrons at the electrode and turn into uncharged atoms is called ion discharge. As a result of ion discharge, there is a lack of electrons at the cathode and an excess of electrons at the anode. Under the action of the DC applied voltage, the excess electrons at the anode will flow to the cathode through the wire. Decomposition voltage Under normal production conditions, the result of electrolysis is mainly the decomposition of rare earth oxides, the precipitation of rare earth metals at the cathode, and the release of CO2 and CO at the anode.

[0076] A gas collecting hood 23 is connected to the cathode 3, and the gas collecting hood 23 is located above the electrolyte liquid surface. An outlet pipe 24 is connected to the top of the gas collecting hood 23, and an air knife tube 25 is provided on the top of the furnace body 1. The air jet direction of the air knife tube 25 is toward the anode 2. The gas ejected is N2. The N2 enriched at the anode is used to form isolation protection for the anode. The N2 enriched at the anode gradually enters the gas collecting hood 23 from the bottom of the gas collecting hood 23 and is finally discharged from the outlet pipe 24, forming a U-shaped exhaust passage. An induced draft fan is provided on the outlet pipe 24 to form a negative pressure in the gas collecting hood 23 to facilitate the discharge of N2.

[0077] The gas collecting hood 23 is in a trumpet-shaped shape with a larger bottom and a smaller top. Its function is to increase the distance between the top and the furnace body and wall to provide installation space for components such as the distribution port 22 and the air knife tube 25, and to expand the coverage area of ​​the gas at the bottom to facilitate the discharge of the generated waste gas. In addition, the discharge direction of the distribution port 22 is toward the gas collecting hood 23. The raw materials added in the electrolysis process are discharged from the distribution port 22 and freely fall and first contact the gas collecting hood 23. The trumpet-shaped shape of the gas collecting hood 23 has a deceleration and guiding effect on the raw materials, so as to reduce the speed at which the raw materials fall into the electrolyte and avoid large fluctuations and splashing of the electrolyte liquid level.

[0078] The air knife tube 25 is fixed on the cross beam 7, and its jet direction forms an acute angle with the side of the anode facing the cathode, in order to extend the distance between N2 and the anode surface and reduce the force acting vertically on the surface of the anode. There is an air jet gap facing inward on the air knife tube 25, from which nitrogen protective gas is ejected, reducing the oxidation rate of the anode. However, it should be noted that N2 ejected from the air knife tube 25 will generate a reaction force acting on the cross beam 7. In practice, the pressure setting value in the air knife tube 25 is constant, and the force acting on the cross beam is also constant. This reaction force can be taken into account in the force analysis, or preferably, the position of the hanger 8 on the cross beam 7 is set to meet the following conditions: the moment of the reaction force of the air knife tube 25 on the fulcrum of the hanger 8 is equal to the moment of the hanger 21 on the fulcrum of the hanger 8, and the effect is to make the value change of the pressure sensor 10 directly reflect the consumption of the anode.

[0079] Reference Figure 6 The receiver 4 is arranged below the cathode 3. A reduction reaction occurs on the cathode to obtain metal which is collected by the receiver. The receiver area needs to be larger than the cathode to provide the need for the siphon to extract the molten metal. However, when the receiver area is too large, impurities are easily introduced. The cathode 3 is connected to the suspension system. The receiving area of ​​the receiver 4 can be close to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cathode 3. When the molten metal needs to be extracted, the suspension system moves sideways to cause the receiver 4 and the cathode 3 to be misaligned. The receiver 4 has a portion exposed outside the cathode 3, which serves as the required space for the siphon to move down and enter the receiver 4.

[0080] The bottom edge of the gas collecting hood 23 is provided with a relief groove 231, which is used to provide movement space for the siphon tube 5 when the gas collecting hood 23 is moved to one side by the suspension system. The purpose of this arrangement is to maximize the coverage area of ​​the gas collecting hood 23 while retaining the space required for the siphon tube to move downward.

[0081] It has been verified that the resource consumption rate of a single anode of the electrolytic furnace using the anode of the present invention is reduced by about 33%, and the anode is prevented from falling during the electrolysis process, thereby ensuring the efficiency and quality of the electrolysis.

[0082] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special-shaped anode, characterized in that: The special-shaped anode is fan-shaped, and the side facing the cathode is a cylinder, and the thickness gradually increases from the middle to both sides; the special-shaped anode is also a cylinder on the side facing away from the cathode, and its curvature is smaller than the curvature of the cylinder facing the cathode. The special-shaped anode is obtained by thinning an anode with a fan-shaped cross-section, and the thickness of the two ends of the special-shaped anode close to the angle iron is not reduced, and the arc of the special-shaped anode facing away from the cathode is located inside the anode before the thinning treatment.

2. The special-shaped anode according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the cylinder facing away from the cathode The intersection of the arc line of another anode that is not thinned and symmetrical with respect to the cathode and the symmetric central axis of the anode, or The center of the cylinder facing away from the cathode It is the intersection of the symmetrical central axis of the anode and the edge line of the electrolytic furnace body.

3. An electrolytic furnace using the special-shaped anode according to any one of claims 1 to 2, the electrolytic furnace comprising a furnace body (1), an anode (2) and a cathode (3) built into the furnace body, the cathode (3) being connected to the negative pole of a power supply device, the anode (2) being symmetrically arranged about the cathode (3) and being connected to the positive pole of the power supply device, a receiver (4) being arranged directly below the cathode (3), the projection of the cathode (3) on the bottom of the furnace body (1) falling within the range of the receiver (4); characterized in that: The anode (2) is also connected to a pole distance compensation mechanism, and the pole distance compensation mechanism comprises: A crossbeam (7) having a slide groove at its lower portion, a slider being arranged in the slide groove, an angle iron being connected to the slider, and the crossbeam extending from the top of the furnace body to the inside of the furnace body; A hanger (8) connects the crossbeam to the lifting device; An end seat (9) is arranged outside the furnace body, one end of the crossbeam is connected to the end seat (9), and the end seat (9) and the hanger (8) are raised and lowered synchronously; A pressure sensor (10) is built into the inner top of the end seat (9) and is used to measure the dynamic change of the moment of the beam; A mounting plate (11) is arranged outside the furnace body, a screw rod (12) is arranged on the mounting plate, a movable seat (13) is arranged on the screw rod, and the angle iron is connected to the movable seat via a connecting rod; The first motor (15) is used to drive the screw (12) to rotate according to the change value obtained by the pressure sensor (10), thereby compensating for the displacement change of the pole pitch and maintaining the stability of the pole pitch.

4. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle iron is rotatably connected to the slider, and also includes: A pivot (16) is disposed on the movable seat (13); The swing plate (17) is coaxially arranged on the pivot (16) and is driven by the driving device to swing back and forth with a small amplitude around the pivot (16); Two equal-length connecting rods (18) are respectively connected to the angle irons and the swing plate (17) on both sides of the anode. The two equal-length connecting rods (18) and the four pivot points of the angle irons and the swing plate (17) form a parallelogram.

5. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: The swing plate (17) is provided with a cavity (171), and a driving device for driving the swing plate (17) to swing comprises: A second motor (19) is fixed on the mounting plate (11); The eccentric cam (20) is connected to the output of the second motor (19) and is located in the cavity (171). The eccentric cam (20) is in contact with the wall of the cavity (171).

6. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cathode (3) is connected to a gas collecting hood (23), the top of the gas collecting hood (23) is connected to a gas outlet pipe (24), an air knife tube (25) is arranged on the top of the furnace body (1), the air knife tube (25) sprays air toward the anode (2) to spray protective gas toward the anode (2); an induced draft fan is arranged on the gas outlet pipe (24); The gas collecting hood (23) is in the shape of a trumpet mouth with a larger bottom and a smaller top; The material discharging direction of the material distribution port (22) is toward the gas collecting hood (23), and the amount of material replenished each time is equivalent to the amount of material extracted each time, so that the electrolyte liquid level is maintained with relatively small fluctuations.

7. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mounting plate (11) is connected to the crossbeam via a suspension rod (21), and the mounting plate and the crossbeam are raised and lowered synchronously; The air knife tube (25) is fixed on the crossbeam (7), and its jetting direction forms an acute angle with the side of the anode facing the cathode.

8. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 7, characterized in that: The position of the hanger (8) on the crossbeam (7) satisfies the requirement that the moment of the reaction force of the air knife tube (25) on the fulcrum of the hanger (8) is equal to the moment of the hanger rod (21) on the fulcrum of the hanger (8).

9. The electrolytic furnace according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cathode (3) is connected to the suspension system, the receiving area of ​​the receiver (4) is close to the cross-sectional area of ​​the cathode (3), and when the molten metal is extracted, the suspension system moves sideways, causing the receiver (4) and the cathode (3) to be misaligned; A avoiding groove (231) is provided at the bottom edge of the gas collecting hood (23).

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