A method for identifying and breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of perennial rice variety breeding, and particularly to a method for identifying and breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising. The method provided by this invention solves the technical problems of difficulty and operational complexity in the breeding of perennial rice varieties in the prior art. After F2 generation seeds are sown, the seedlings grow in winter, and the seedbed is kept in an alternating wet and dry state using shallow irrigation and natural drying. The shallow irrigation water depth does not exceed 3 cm, and the soil is allowed to dry naturally until no cracks appear, and this cycle is repeated. Identification is performed using a low-temperature overwintering method. Seedlings without the perennial rice gene will freeze to death in the prolonged low-temperature environment, while seedlings with the perennial rice gene will continue to survive, ensuring that all surviving seedlings possess the perennial rice gene. This method has high identification accuracy and is easy to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of perennial rice variety breeding, and in particular to a method for identifying and breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising. Background Technology

[0002] The breeding of perennial rice varieties generally uses molecular marker gene-assisted breeding methods, but many breeders do not have good breeding methods and cannot quickly and efficiently screen out perennial rice varieties.

[0003] In addition, this method of using molecular marker genes to assist in breeding has high technical requirements and is difficult to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method for identifying and breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising, which solves the technical problems of difficulty in breeding perennial rice varieties and high operational difficulty in the prior art.

[0005] Some implementation schemes for solving the above-mentioned technical problems include:

[0006] First aspect: A method for identifying perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising, comprising the following steps:

[0007] The seeds to be identified are the F2 generation seeds produced the following year after planting the F1 generation seeds of the hybrid rice of the japonica perennial rice variety bred by Yunnan University using Changxiong wild rice and ordinary indica conventional rice.

[0008] The sowing environment is determined, wherein the sowing environment is a region between 26 degrees north latitude and 35 degrees north latitude, and the sowing environment has an annual minimum temperature below 0°C and more than 20 days with an annual minimum temperature below 4°C.

[0009] The sowing period is determined to be from late September to late October of the year in which the F2 generation seeds are harvested;

[0010] Prepare seedbeds in the sowing environment. The seedbeds are continuously flooded before sowing. On the day of sowing, drain the water and prepare raised beds with a width of 1.1 to 1.3 meters. The beds are flat and do not accumulate water. The ditch between adjacent beds contains water with a depth not exceeding the bed surface. During the sowing period, sow the seeds to be identified into the prepared seedbeds. At the same time, record the seed number and the corresponding seedbed number. After sowing, cover the bed surface with non-woven fabric or film.

[0011] Seedling care: After the seedlings grow, the seedbed is kept in a state of alternating wet and dry conditions by shallow water irrigation and natural drying. The water depth of shallow water irrigation should not exceed 3cm, and the soil should be allowed to dry naturally until no cracks appear. This process is repeated.

[0012] Identification: Seedlings that have undergone seedling care grow to February or March of the following year. Observe the growth of the seedlings. The surviving seedlings are considered perennial rice.

[0013] Preferably, in the determined sowing environment, the frost-free period throughout the year does not exceed 300 days.

[0014] Preferably, the seeding environment is the area between 26 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees north latitude.

[0015] Preferably, the seedling care also includes cold resistance assessment, wherein the cold resistance assessment is performed by determining the cold resistance assessment temperature and duration based on the current natural temperature.

[0016] Preferably, the cold resistance test is conducted by determining the cold resistance test temperature and duration based on the current ambient temperature. If the current ambient temperature is equal to or greater than 4°C, the nonwoven fabric or film must be opened for at least 30 days. If the current ambient temperature is lower than 4°C, the nonwoven fabric or film does not need to be opened.

[0017] The second aspect: a method for breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising.

[0018] Includes: identification, the method for identifying perennial rice varieties is the method for identifying perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising as described in any one of claims 1 to 6;

[0019] Methods for breeding perennial rice varieties also include:

[0020] Transplanting, which refers to transplanting seedlings after the identification process has been completed;

[0021] The F3 generation of seeds produced from F2 generation seedlings are marked and re-identified. The re-identification is to identify the seeds harvested from the transplanted seedlings using the perennial rice variety identification method based on autumn sowing and seedling raising as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

[0022] F3 generation seeds are perennial, and the breeding of perennial rice varieties is completed through cyclic identification, transplanting, and re-identification.

[0023] Preferably, in the transplanting process, the seedlings that survived the identification step are transplanted in March or April of the same year.

[0024] Preferably, the temperature on the day of transplanting is not lower than 10°C.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] Japonica perennial rice varieties were hybridized with indica conventional rice. The F1 hybrid seeds were sown the following year to harvest the F2 generation. The F2 generation seeds were directly sown from late September to late October of the same year. In specific areas of the Yangtze River basin with distinct winters, autumn sowing and seedling raising were adopted, with the seedbed covered with non-woven fabric or film. The seedlings underwent a 4-5 month winter low-temperature resistance test. By utilizing the low-temperature overwintering advantage of japonica perennial rice varieties and the characteristic of indica conventional rice seedlings freezing to death at low temperatures, variety elimination and screening were carried out. Varieties without perennial rice genes would freeze to death, while varieties with perennial rice genes would survive. The surviving seedlings were used to continue planting the following year, and the breeding process could be repeated. Finally, the selected varieties were determined to be new perennial rice varieties.

[0027] Identification is performed using a natural seedling raising method. Seedlings without the perennial rice gene will freeze to death in low-temperature environments, while seedlings with the perennial rice gene will continue to survive, ensuring that all surviving seedlings have the perennial rice gene. This method has high identification accuracy and is easy to operate.

[0028] The identification method provided by this invention can be operated by breeders themselves without the need for related technologies in other fields. The operation can be completed simply by raising seedlings. Therefore, the identification and breeding scheme provided by this invention has the characteristics of low cost and high accuracy. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments shown below are intended to describe various configurations of the subject matter of the invention and are not intended to represent the only configuration in which the subject matter of the invention can be practiced. The specific embodiments include particular details intended to provide a thorough understanding of the subject matter of the invention. However, it will be clear and apparent to those skilled in the art that the subject matter of the invention is not limited to the specific details shown herein and can be practiced without these specific details.

[0030] First aspect: A method for identifying perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising, comprising the following steps:

[0031] The seeds to be identified are the F2 generation seeds produced the following year after planting the F1 generation seeds of the hybrid rice of the japonica perennial rice variety bred by Yunnan University using Changxiong wild rice and ordinary indica conventional rice.

[0032] The sowing environment is determined, wherein the sowing environment is a region between 26 degrees north latitude and 35 degrees north latitude, and the sowing environment preferably has an annual minimum temperature below 0°C, and at least the number of days with a minimum temperature below 4°C exceeds 20 days.

[0033] The sowing period is determined to be from late September to late October of the year in which the F2 generation seeds are harvested;

[0034] Prepare seedbeds in the sowing environment. The seedbeds are continuously flooded before sowing. On the day of sowing, drain the water and prepare raised beds with a width of 1.1 to 1.3 meters. The beds are flat and do not accumulate water. The ditch between adjacent beds contains water with a depth not exceeding the bed surface. During the sowing period, sow the seeds to be identified into the prepared seedbeds. At the same time, record the seed number and the corresponding seedbed number. After sowing, cover the bed surface with non-woven fabric or film.

[0035] Seedling care: After the seedlings grow, the seedbed is kept in a state of alternating wet and dry conditions by shallow water irrigation and natural drying. The water depth of shallow water irrigation should not exceed 3cm, and the soil should be allowed to dry naturally until no cracks appear. This process is repeated.

[0036] Identification: Seedlings that have undergone seedling care grow to February or March of the following year. Observe the growth of the seedlings. The surviving seedlings are considered perennial rice.

[0037] In some embodiments, the sowing environment is used to determine the geographical location for sowing perennial rice varieties. Since different geographical environments require different varieties, the geographical location for sowing should be determined during identification so that the identified seeds can be planted locally.

[0038] Therefore, the sowing environment should be strictly controlled during the identification process. The frost-free period of the sowing environment should not exceed 300 days per year.

[0039] The sowing environment is defined as the area between 26 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees north latitude.

[0040] The purpose of non-woven fabric or film is to protect seedlings. The materials and placement methods for the non-woven fabric or film can refer to existing technologies. Typically, the non-woven fabric or film is placed in an arc shape on the seedbed. For example, support plates can be placed on the seedbed, with both ends inserted below the ground to fix them in place. Then, the non-woven fabric or film is fixed to the support plates, forming an arc shape. Multiple support plates should be used, with the distance between adjacent support plates not exceeding 80cm.

[0041] In some embodiments, seedling care is mainly to maintain a low-temperature cold resistance testing environment for seedlings. Therefore, in order to provide seedlings with a lower temperature growth environment, non-woven fabric or film can be opened during the seedling stage for cold screening and cold resistance testing. The cold resistance testing is to determine the cold resistance testing temperature and duration based on the current natural temperature.

[0042] In cold resistance assessment, the lowest natural temperature should ideally be below 0°C, and the number of days with the lowest temperature below 4°C should exceed 20.

[0043] The cold resistance test is conducted by determining the cold resistance test temperature and duration based on the current ambient temperature. If the current ambient temperature is equal to or greater than 4°C, the nonwoven fabric or film must be opened for at least 30 days. If the current ambient temperature is lower than 4°C, the nonwoven fabric or film does not need to be opened.

[0044] The second aspect: a method for breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising.

[0045] Includes: identification, the method for identifying perennial rice varieties is the method for identifying perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising as described in any one of claims 1 to 6;

[0046] Methods for breeding perennial rice varieties also include:

[0047] Transplanting, which refers to transplanting seedlings after the identification process has been completed;

[0048] The F3 generation of seeds produced from F2 generation seedlings are marked and re-identified. The re-identification is to identify the seeds harvested from the transplanted seedlings using the perennial rice variety identification method based on autumn sowing and seedling raising as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

[0049] F2 generation seeds are perennial, and the breeding of perennial rice varieties is completed through cyclic identification, transplanting, and re-identification.

[0050] In some embodiments, the transplanting process involves transplanting seedlings that survived the identification step when they grow to March or April of the same year.

[0051] During the transplanting process, the temperature on the day of transplanting shall not be lower than 10℃.

[0052] The natural environment on the day of transplanting has a significant impact on the survival rate of seedlings. Therefore, seedlings should be transplanted according to the natural environment of the day, generally requiring the temperature on the day of transplanting to be no lower than 10℃. For example, the natural temperature after transplanting should not be too low. When the natural temperature is too low, the seedlings grow slowly and are prone to becoming stunted.

[0053] When transplanting, individual seedlings should be transplanted to ensure better selection of F3 generation seeds.

[0054] After the seedlings were tested for cold resistance in winter, varieties without perennial rice genes died, while varieties with perennial rice genes survived normally and were transplanted in the spring.

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention and its corresponding details have been described above. It is understood that the above description is only some implementation schemes of the technical solution of the present invention, and some details may be omitted in the specific implementation.

[0056] Furthermore, in some embodiments of the above invention, multiple embodiments may be combined; however, due to space limitations, all such combinations will not be listed here. Those skilled in the art can freely combine and implement the above embodiments according to their needs to obtain a better application experience.

[0057] When implementing the subject matter of this invention, those skilled in the art can obtain other detailed configurations based on the subject matter of this invention. Obviously, these details are still within the scope of the subject matter of this invention without departing from it.

Claims

1. A method for identifying perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The seeds to be identified are the F2 generation seeds produced the following year after planting the F1 generation seeds of the hybrid rice of the japonica perennial rice variety bred by Yunnan University using Changxiong wild rice and ordinary indica conventional rice. The sowing environment is determined, wherein the sowing environment is a region between 26 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees north latitude, and the sowing environment has an annual minimum temperature below 0°C and more than 20 days with an annual minimum temperature below 4°C. The sowing period is determined to be from late September to late October of the year in which the F2 generation seeds are harvested; The seedbed is equipped in the sowing environment. The seedbed is continuously flooded before sowing. On the day of sowing, the water is drained and the seedbed is prepared. The width of the seedbed is 1.1 to 1.3 meters. The seedbed surface is flat and does not accumulate water. The ditch between two adjacent seedbeds stores water with a depth not exceeding the surface of the seedbed. During the sowing period, the seeds to be identified are sown into the prepared seedbed. At the same time, the number of the seeds to be identified and the seedbed number corresponding to the seeds to be identified are recorded. After sowing, the seedbed surface is covered with non-woven fabric or film. Seedling care: After the seedlings grow, the seedbed is kept in a state of alternating wet and dry conditions by shallow water irrigation and natural drying. The water depth of shallow water irrigation should not exceed 3cm, and the soil should be allowed to dry naturally until no cracks appear. This process is repeated. Identification: Seedlings that have undergone seedling care are observed for growth until February or March of the following year. The surviving seedlings are considered perennial rice. In the determined sowing environment, the frost-free period throughout the year does not exceed 300 days; The seedling care also includes cold resistance assessment, wherein the cold resistance assessment is conducted by determining the cold resistance assessment temperature and duration based on the current natural temperature. The cold resistance test is conducted by determining the cold resistance test temperature and duration based on the current ambient temperature. If the current ambient temperature is equal to or greater than 4°C, the nonwoven fabric or film must be opened for at least 30 days. If the current ambient temperature is lower than 4°C, the nonwoven fabric or film does not need to be opened.

2. A method for breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising, characterized in that: include: The identification method for perennial rice varieties is the perennial rice variety identification method based on autumn sowing and seedling raising as described in claim 1; Methods for breeding perennial rice varieties also include: Transplanting, which refers to transplanting seedlings after the identification process has been completed; The F3 generation of seeds produced from F2 generation seedlings are marked and identified again. The re-identification refers to identifying the seeds harvested from the transplanted seedlings using the perennial rice variety identification method based on autumn sowing and seedling raising as described in claim 1. F3 generation seeds are perennial, and the breeding of perennial rice varieties is completed through cyclic identification, transplanting, and re-identification.

3. The method for breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the transplanting process, the seedlings that survived the identification step are transplanted in March or April of the same year.

4. The method for breeding perennial rice varieties based on autumn sowing and seedling raising according to claim 3, characterized in that: During the transplanting process, the temperature on the day of transplanting shall not be lower than 10℃.