Aerosol type underwear laundry detergent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of laundry detergent, and specifically relates to an aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof. The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention is prepared from polyethylene glycol-400, natural glycerin, a detergent, a bactericide, a preservative, anhydrous calcium chloride, polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate, a composite enzyme, rose essential oil, cottonseed oil, a propellant and water. The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention can remove blood stains, yellow stains, etc., and has a long-term antibacterial effect, is easy to use, has good sealing, and will not cause the laundry detergent to exceed the standard of microorganisms due to the humid environment in which it is placed, or inactivate the effective ingredients to reduce the decontamination ability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of laundry detergents, and in particular relates to an aerosol type underwear laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As the new favorite in the detergent market, laundry detergent in China is growing at an average annual rate of 27.2%, with a three-year compound growth rate of more than 100%. With the development of globalization, laundry detergents are becoming more diversified, among which underwear laundry detergent is becoming more and more popular among the public.

[0003] There are many kinds of laundry care products on the market, and achieving product differentiation is a major challenge. The underwear laundry detergents currently on the market only kill bacteria during the laundry process, and do not have a lasting antibacterial effect. Bacteria will soon breed on clothes again, and cannot play a good protective role. In addition, the laundry detergents contain irritating ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions in people with sensitive skin. Most of the small amount of laundry detergents with antibacterial effects kill bacteria by adding synthetic chemicals. Although these preservatives can inhibit bacteria and prevent mildew, these products have major disadvantages, such as high cost, high irritation, and poor decontamination effect. In addition, the underwear laundry detergents on the market are all bottled. When using, open the bottle cap, pour out the laundry detergent, and then cover the bottle cap. This kind of packaging has poor sealing. Placing it in a humid environment will cause the microorganisms in the laundry detergent to exceed the standard, or reduce the activity of the effective ingredients, resulting in a reduction in the decontamination ability of the laundry detergent.

[0004] Patent publication number CN111073766A discloses a underwear laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof. The laundry detergent components include 76-80 parts by weight of deionized water, 0.5-1 parts of NAOH, 4-8 parts of sulfonic acid, 8-11 parts of AES, 1 part of AEO-9, 0.1-0.4 parts of KF-88, 2-5 parts of 6501, 0.1-0.5 parts of DP300, 0.2-0.6 parts of alkaline protease, 0.1-0.5 parts of HK153216, and 0.5-1 parts of salt. The underwear laundry detergent has excellent storage stability, high decontamination ability, good bactericidal effect, mild and non-irritating, but placing it in a humid environment will cause the microorganisms in the laundry detergent to exceed the standard and reduce the activity of the effective ingredients.

[0005] Patent publication number CN109566666A discloses a natural antibacterial composition for underwear, a special washing gel, and a preparation method and application thereof. The formula of the natural antibacterial composition for underwear is: 5-15 parts of soapwort extract, 3-18 parts of cucumber fruit extract, 5-16 parts of Andrographis paniculata extract, 4-20 parts of Eleutherodactylum scabra extract, 2-14 parts of golden cherry root extract, and 3-15 parts of angelica extract. The natural antibacterial composition for underwear has a good antibacterial effect and is mild and non-irritating, but does not have a lasting antibacterial effect and has a high production cost.

[0006] In summary, the existing technologies generally have technical problems such as short-lasting antibacterial effect, high irritation, high cost, poor decontamination ability, and poor packaging sealing. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent and a preparation method thereof. The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention is an aerosol-type, easy to use, does not need to be rubbed with hands to create foam, and can be shaken before use to squeeze out dense foam that can effectively penetrate into fabric fibers and effectively remove stains. At the same time, the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention has good sealing performance, and will not cause excessive microorganisms in the laundry detergent due to the humid environment in which it is placed, or reduce the detergency due to the inactivation of effective ingredients.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0009] An aerosol type underwear laundry detergent comprises the following components and their weight proportions:

[0010] 1-3 parts of polyethylene glycol-400, 3-6 parts of natural glycerin, 13.5-28 parts of detergent, 0.15-0.7 parts of bactericide, 0.05-0.1 parts of preservative, 0.05-0.15 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 1-2 parts of thickener, 0.3-1.1 parts of complex enzyme, 0.3-1.0 parts of rose essential oil, 0.05-0.15 parts of cottonseed oil, 10-20 parts of propellant, and 65-75 parts of water.

[0011] Furthermore, the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent includes the following components and their weight proportions: 2 parts of polyethylene glycol-400, 5 parts of natural glycerin, 21 parts of detergent, 0.5 parts of bactericide, 0.08 parts of preservative, 0.11 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 1.2 parts of thickener, 0.8 parts of complex enzyme, 0.6 parts of rose essential oil, 0.09 parts of cottonseed oil, 15 parts of propellant, and 73 parts of water.

[0012] Furthermore, the detergent in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent is composed of alkyl glucoside, methyl coconut oil ethoxylate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 1-4:6-13:8-17.

[0013] Furthermore, the bactericide in the aerosol underwear laundry detergent is composed of cetylpyridamole and polyhexamethylene biguanide in a mass ratio of 2-5:7-11.

[0014] Furthermore, the preservative in the aerosol underwear laundry detergent is composed of clove oil resin and cypress leaf oil in a mass ratio of 9-12:4-7.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickener in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent is polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate.

[0016] Furthermore, the complex enzyme in the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent consists of cellulase, protease, and hydrolyzed silk protein in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-5.

[0017] Furthermore, the propellant in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent is composed of butane and propane in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Add three quarters of the formula amount of water, detergent and thickener into a mixing tank and stir until completely dissolved;

[0020] S2, continue to add polyethylene glycol-400 and natural glycerin into the mixing tank and stir evenly;

[0021] S3, divide the remaining one quarter of the formula water into two parts, add anhydrous calcium chloride and fungicide respectively, stir to dissolve, then add to the mixing tank and stir evenly;

[0022] S4, after mixing rose essential oil and cottonseed oil evenly, add them into a mixing tank and stir evenly;

[0023] S5. Add preservatives and complex enzymes to the stirring tank in sequence, stir evenly, then filter the mixed solution in the stirring tank, fill it, add propellant, seal it, and you are done.

[0024] Furthermore, the filtration in step S5 of the method for preparing the aerosol underwear laundry detergent adopts a 100-mesh filter cloth.

[0025] The natural glycerin contained in the underwear laundry detergent of the aerosol type provided by the present invention can make the skin moist and soft, prevent dry skin, clean the skin, and can also protect the hands while cleaning clothes. The alkyl glycosides in the detergent have good compatibility, and are compounded with methyl cocoate ethoxylate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether to produce synergistic effects, good foamability, rich and delicate foam, and good thickening ability at the same time, good skin compatibility, significantly improve the mild type of the formula, nontoxic, and non-irritating. The cetylpyridinium chloride in the bactericide is a nitrogen-containing cationic surfactant, has good bactericidal and disinfecting effects, and can play a long-acting antibacterial effect when used together with polyhexamethylene biguanide.

[0026] The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention abandons the high-risk preservatives commonly used in traditional daily chemical washing, and adopts clove oil resin and cypress leaf oil to form a preservative, wherein the clove oil resin has a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and the like. At the same time, it is found in the research process that when the mass ratio of clove oil resin and cypress leaf oil is 9-12:4-7, not only the antiseptic effect is optimal, but also a synergistic effect can be achieved with the antibacterial agent, thereby improving the antibacterial performance while ensuring the quality of the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent.

[0027] The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention adopts rose essential oil to replace the daily fragrance component in the underwear laundry detergent, which not only effectively avoids the irritation of the daily fragrance to the skin and gives the laundry detergent a rose fragrance, but also can form a moisturizing component together with natural glycerin and cottonseed oil to protect the skin of hands, so that the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent is mild and does not hurt the hands, thereby achieving healthy washing.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention have the following technical advantages:

[0029] (1) The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention can remove blood stains, yellow stains, etc., and has a long-lasting antibacterial effect;

[0030] (2) The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention is easy to use. It does not need to be rubbed by hand to produce foam. Just shake it before use to squeeze out dense foam that can penetrate into fabric fibers and effectively remove stains.

[0031] (3) The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention has good sealing performance and will not cause excessive microorganisms in the laundry detergent or inactivate the effective ingredients and reduce the decontamination ability due to the humid environment in which it is placed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention is further described below by specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications based on the basic idea of ​​the present invention, but as long as they do not deviate from the basic idea of ​​the present invention, they are all within the scope of the present invention.

[0033] In this specific embodiment, the method for preparing the aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1. Add three quarters of the formula amount of water, detergent and thickener into a mixing tank and stir until completely dissolved;

[0035] S2, continue to add polyethylene glycol-400 and natural glycerin into the mixing tank and stir evenly;

[0036] S3, divide the remaining one quarter of the formula water into two parts, add anhydrous calcium chloride and fungicide respectively, stir to dissolve, then add to the mixing tank and stir evenly;

[0037] S4, after mixing rose essential oil and cottonseed oil evenly, add them into a mixing tank and stir evenly;

[0038] S5. Add the preservative and the complex enzyme to the stirring tank in sequence, stir evenly, then filter the mixed solution in the stirring tank using a 100-mesh filter cloth, fill, add the propellant, and seal.

[0039] Example 1: Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent and preparation method thereof

[0040] The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent comprises the following components and their weight proportions:

[0041] 1 part of polyethylene glycol-400, 3 parts of natural glycerin, 13.5 parts of detergent, 0.15 parts of bactericide, 0.05 parts of preservative, 0.05 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 1 part of polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate, 0.3 parts of complex enzyme, 0.3 parts of rose essential oil, 0.05 parts of cottonseed oil, 10 parts of propellant, and 75 parts of water.

[0042] The detergent in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of alkyl glycoside, methyl cocoate ethoxylate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 1:6:8; the bactericide in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of cetylpyridinium chloride and polyhexamethylene biguanide in a mass ratio of 5:11; the preservative in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of clove oil resin and cypress leaf oil in a mass ratio of 9:4; the complex enzyme in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of cellulase, protease, and hydrolyzed silk protein in a mass ratio of 1:1:1; the propellant in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of butane and propane in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0043] Example 2: Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent and preparation method thereof

[0044] The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent comprises the following components and their weight proportions: 2 parts of polyethylene glycol-400, 5 parts of natural glycerin, 21 parts of detergent, 0.5 parts of bactericide, 0.08 parts of preservative, 0.11 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 1.2 parts of polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate, 0.8 parts of complex enzyme, 0.6 parts of rose essential oil, 0.09 parts of cottonseed oil, 15 parts of propellant, and 73 parts of water.

[0045] The detergent in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of alkyl glycoside, methyl cocoate ethoxylate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 3:9:16; the bactericide in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of cetylpyridinium chloride and polyhexamethylene biguanide in a mass ratio of 4:9; the preservative in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of clove oil resin and cypress leaf oil in a mass ratio of 11:5; the complex enzyme in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of cellulase, protease, and hydrolyzed silk protein in a mass ratio of 2:2:3; the propellant in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of butane and propane in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0046] Example 3: Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent and preparation method thereof

[0047] The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent comprises the following components and their weight proportions:

[0048] 3 parts of polyethylene glycol-400, 6 parts of natural glycerin, 28 parts of detergent, 0.7 parts of bactericide, 0.1 parts of preservative, 0.15 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 2 parts of polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate, 1.1 parts of complex enzyme, 1.0 parts of rose essential oil, 0.15 parts of cottonseed oil, 20 parts of propellant, and 65 parts of water.

[0049] The detergent in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of alkyl glycoside, methyl cocoate ethoxylate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 4:13:17; the bactericide in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of cetylpyridinium chloride and polyhexamethylene biguanide in a mass ratio of 2:7; the preservative in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of clove oil resin and cypress leaf oil in a mass ratio of 12:7; the complex enzyme in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of cellulase, protease, and hydrolyzed silk protein in a mass ratio of 3:3:5; the propellant in the aerosol type underwear laundry detergent consists of butane and propane in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0050] Comparative Example 1, Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent

[0051] The formula of the aerosol underwear laundry detergent described in this comparative example is similar to that of Example 2.

[0052] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the detergent in this comparative example is composed of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, methyl coconut acid ethoxylate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 3:9:16.

[0053] Comparative Example 2, Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent

[0054] The formula of the aerosol underwear laundry detergent described in this comparative example is similar to that of Example 2.

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the detergent in this comparative example is composed of methyl coconut oil ethoxylate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 9:16.

[0056] Comparative Example 3, Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent

[0057] The formula of the aerosol underwear laundry detergent described in this comparative example is similar to that of Example 2.

[0058] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the fungicide in this comparative example is composed of cetylpyridinium chloride and dodecyl betaine in a mass ratio of 4:9.

[0059] Comparative Example 4, Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent

[0060] The formula of the aerosol underwear laundry detergent described in this comparative example is similar to that of Example 2.

[0061] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the fungicide in this comparative example is cetylpyridinium chloride.

[0062] Comparative Example 5, Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent

[0063] The formula of the aerosol underwear laundry detergent described in this comparative example is similar to that of Example 2.

[0064] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the preservative in this comparative example is composed of clove oleoresin and cypress leaf oil in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0065] Comparative Example 6, Aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent

[0066] The formula of the aerosol underwear laundry detergent described in this comparative example is similar to that of Example 2.

[0067] The difference between this comparative example and Example 2 is that the preservative in this comparative example is phenoxyethanol.

[0068] Test Example 1: Detergency Test

[0069] Test samples: aerosol-type underwear laundry detergents prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2;

[0070] Test method: Prepare standard liquid and standard dirty cloth according to "QB / T1224-2012 Liquid Detergents for Clothes" and "GB / T13174-2008 Detergents for Clothes Detergents Detergents and Detergents for Washing Cycle Performance". According to "QB / T1224-2012 Liquid Detergents for Clothes", the test concentration of standard laundry detergent in the detergency test is 0.2%, and the test concentration of the sample is (0.2 / n)%, n = sample active matter % / 15%. The washing temperatures are standard temperature (30℃) and low temperature (20℃);

[0071] Test results: See Table 1 and Table 2 for the test results.

[0072] Table 1 Test results at washing temperature of 30°C

[0073] Group JB01 Carbon Black JB02 protein JB03 sebum Example 1 1.164 1.410 1.338 Example 2 1.241 1.560 1.451 Example 3 1.109 1.339 1.400 Comparative Example 1 1.025 1.272 1.164 Comparative Example 2 0.978 1.013 0.982

[0074] Table 2 Test results at washing temperature of 20°C

[0075] Group JB01 Carbon Black JB02 protein JB03 sebum Example 1 1.023 1.319 1.211 Example 2 1.069 1.360 1.217 Example 3 1.031 1.209 1.191 Comparative Example 1 1.005 1.101 1.018 Comparative Example 2 0.964 0.995 0.972

[0076] As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, the aerosol underwear laundry detergents prepared in Examples 1-3 have a decontamination ability of >1.0 for carbon black stained cloth, protein stained cloth, and sebum stained cloth at a low temperature of 20°C and a standard temperature of 30°C, which proves that they have a good decontamination effect. Among them, the aerosol underwear laundry detergent prepared in Example 2 has the best decontamination ability and is the best embodiment of the present invention.

[0077] Compared with Example 2, Comparative Example 1 uses octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to replace the alkyl glycoside in the detergent, but the decontamination ability of the obtained aerosol type underwear laundry detergent at a low temperature of 20°C and a standard temperature of 30°C is also greater than 1.0, but its value is lower than that of Example 2, which shows that the detergent alkyl glycoside, coconut acid methyl ethoxylate, and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in the present invention play a synergistic role; in Comparative Example 2, no alkyl glycoside is added to the detergent, and the decontamination ability of the obtained aerosol type underwear laundry detergent at a low temperature of 20°C and a standard temperature of 30°C is greatly reduced, which shows that the decontamination effect of the present invention is achieved by the joint action of each component in the detergent. If a certain component is missing, the decontamination ability is greatly reduced.

[0078] Test Example 2: Antibacterial Performance Test

[0079] Test samples: aerosol-type underwear laundry detergents prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 3-6;

[0080] Test method: According to QB / T 2738-2012 "Evaluation method for antibacterial and antimicrobial effects of daily chemical products", the action concentration is 1:100 and the action time is 15 minutes;

[0081] Test results: The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0082] Table 3 Antibacterial test results

[0083] Group Escherichia coli ATCC25922 sterilization rate / % Sterilization rate of golden glucose bacteria ATCC6538 / % Example 1 99.95 99.94 Example 2 99.98 99.97 Example 3 99.93 99.92 Comparative Example 3 96.75 97.69 Comparative Example 4 94.62 94.46 Comparative Example 5 97.44 98.26 Comparative Example 6 96.59 95.78

[0084] As can be seen from Table 3, the aerosol underwear laundry detergent provided by the present invention has a sterilization rate of more than 99.9% against Escherichia coli and golden glucose bacteria, and has a good sterilization effect. Among them, the laundry detergent prepared in Example 2 has the highest sterilization rate and is the best embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] Compared with Example 2, in Comparative Example 3, dodecyl betaine is used instead of polyhexamethylene biguanide, and polyhexamethylene biguanide is not added to the bactericidal agent in Comparative Example 4. However, the bactericidal rate of the prepared aerosol underwear laundry detergent for Escherichia coli and golden glucose bacteria is significantly reduced, which shows that the cetylpyridinium chloride and polyhexamethylene biguanide in the present invention have a synergistic effect, and not all laundry detergent bactericides can achieve the technical effect of the present invention; in Comparative Example 5, the dosage ratio of each component in the preservative is changed, and Comparative Example 6 uses phenoxyethanol instead of the preservative, but the bactericidal rate of the prepared aerosol underwear laundry detergent for Escherichia coli and golden glucose bacteria is significantly reduced, and the bactericidal rate of Comparative Example 5 is slightly higher than that of Comparative Example 3, which fully shows that the preservative used in the present invention can assist in improving the bactericidal rate while playing a preservative role, and not all laundry detergent preservatives can achieve this technical effect.

[0086] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preparation method of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may not modify the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the technical concept provided by the present invention are still covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerosol type underwear laundry detergent, characterized in that: It includes the following components and their weight parts: 1-3 parts of polyethylene glycol-400, 3-6 parts of natural glycerin, 13.5-28 parts of detergent, 0.15-0.7 parts of bactericide, 0.05-0.1 parts of preservative, 0.05-0.15 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 1-2 parts of thickener, 0.3-1.1 parts of complex enzyme, 0.3-1.0 parts of rose essential oil, 0.05-0.15 parts of cottonseed oil, 10-20 parts of propellant, and 65-75 parts of water; the preservative is composed of clove oleoresin and cypress leaf oil in a mass ratio of 9-12:4-7; the deodorant is The detergent is composed of alkyl glucoside, methyl cocoate ethoxylate and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether in a mass ratio of 1-4:6-13:8-17; the bactericide is composed of cetylpyridinium chloride and polyhexamethylene biguanide in a mass ratio of 2-5:7-11; the thickener is polyethylene glycol 6000 distearate; the complex enzyme is composed of cellulase, protease and hydrolyzed silk protein in a mass ratio of 1-3:1-3:1-5; the propellant is composed of butane and propane in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

2. The aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components and their weight proportions: 2 parts of polyethylene glycol-400, 5 parts of natural glycerin, 21 parts of detergent, 0.5 parts of bactericide, 0.08 parts of preservative, 0.11 parts of anhydrous calcium chloride, 1.2 parts of thickener, 0.8 parts of complex enzyme, 0.6 parts of rose essential oil, 0.09 parts of cottonseed oil, 15 parts of propellant and 73 parts of water.

3. The method for preparing an aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Add three quarters of the formula amount of water, detergent and thickener into a mixing tank and stir until completely dissolved; S2, continue to add polyethylene glycol-400 and natural glycerin into the mixing tank and stir evenly; S3, divide the remaining one quarter of the formula water into two parts, add anhydrous calcium chloride and fungicide respectively, stir to dissolve, then add to the mixing tank and stir evenly; S4, after mixing rose essential oil and cottonseed oil evenly, add them into a mixing tank and stir evenly; S5. Add preservatives and complex enzymes to the stirring tank in sequence, stir evenly, then filter the mixed solution in the stirring tank, fill it, add propellant, seal it, and you are done.

4. The method for preparing an aerosol-type underwear laundry detergent according to claim 3, characterized in that: The filtration in step S5 uses a 100-mesh filter cloth.