A construction method for a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a large mountain slope railway

Abstract

The present invention relates to a construction method for a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a mountainous railway with a large slope. The method includes: spreading and leveling subgrade ballast, grooving, and marking the positions of the track panel sidelines; inserting lightweight tool sleepers into the ballast belt and precisely adjusting their positions; tamping the ballast within the range of the lightweight tool sleepers and adjusting the top surface levelness and longitudinal elevation of the lightweight tool sleepers to the design height; removing the lightweight tool sleepers, placing the steel sleepers, and adjusting them to the design elevation; placing auxiliary rails on the steel sleepers and installing fasteners for fixation; according to the designed sleeper spacing, use an octagonal folding rule and a stone pencil to set marks forward or backward on the outside of the rail heads, and use a square to set marks on adjacent rails; use a sleeper aligner to sequentially adjust and position the steel sleepers; install two sections of non-perforated rack and non-perforated rack rail fasteners; remove the auxiliary rails and install formal long rails to replace the auxiliary rails, and tighten the bolts of the rail-steel sleeper fasteners; repeat the above steps until the construction of the ballasted track with steel sleepers for the rack railway is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of rack railways, and particularly to a construction method for a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a mountain railway with a large slope. Background Art

[0002] Based on the traditional steel rail railway, a rack railway provides traction and braking force through the engagement of a rack installed and a gear set in the train running mechanism. It has the advantages of overcoming a huge terrain height difference within a short distance and significantly reducing the line length, and has broad application prospects in mountainous areas with complex terrain and geological conditions. This is because, compared with the traditional wheel-rail railway that relies on wheel-rail friction to provide power, the rack structure does not slip through rack engagement, so it has a large climbing ability.

[0003] At present, the ordinary strip steel sleepers used in ballasted track rack railways are of a thin-shell structure, with a concave surface under the sleeper surface forming a trough-shaped cavity, so they are lighter in weight, and the longitudinal and lateral resistances of the ballast bed are relatively low. During the laying process of the rack railway, especially in large-slope sections, there are problems such as difficult positioning of steel sleeper laying and difficult maintenance of sleeper spacing, and it is difficult to make the crushed stone ballast and the sleeper cavity evenly dense. For the rack railway system, rack engagement can achieve a large climbing ability, but the installation accuracy requirements for the track and the rack are relatively high.

[0004] To meet the requirements of normal gear meshing transmission, the vertical and longitudinal installation accuracies of the rack should reach ±1 mm and ±0.5 mm respectively, which puts higher requirements on the smoothness of the sleeper support. However, the friction between the steel sleeper and the ballast is small, and it is easy to slide, resulting in difficult laying and requiring repeated fine adjustment. Especially in mountain railways with steep terrain, it is difficult to transport large construction machinery, and it is highly dependent on manual construction methods. Repeatedly adjusting the laying process like this requires a large amount of manpower and material resources.

[0005] Chinese Patent CN 112962367 A discloses a construction method for a ballasted track system of a rack railway. It adopts a construction method of first laying sleepers in advance according to the longitudinal spacing of the connection holes for fixing the bottom of the rack to the sleepers, then installing the rack, and adjusting the relative positions of the sleepers during the installation process of the rack, and finally installing the steel rails. This makes the sleepers adapt to the rack installation structure first, ensures the installation accuracy of the rack, greatly reduces the number of corrections, avoids repeatedly adjusting the installation positions among the sleepers, the steel rails and the rack, reduces the labor intensity, solves the contradiction between the traditional track construction process and the high-precision longitudinal installation requirements of the rack, and can more effectively ensure the longitudinal accuracy problem of the rack during the construction process.

[0006] The above-mentioned patented method can achieve the continuity between multiple racks during the continuous laying process of the rack railway, avoiding the problem of poor safety of the rack railway caused by the cumulative error at the connection of the racks. However, during the construction of the ballasted track with sleeper in mountainous areas, due to the fluidity of the ballast itself, it is relatively difficult to control the positioning accuracy of the slope, and the steel sleeper is prone to sliding on the ballasted track with a slope, resulting in difficult laying. For the laying of the rack railway on the ballasted track with a slope, the influence of the ballast during the rack laying process also needs to be considered.

[0007] As is well known, due to the high precision requirements in the construction method of the rack railway, the installation of sleepers, racks, etc. must be controlled within a relatively high precision range to ensure that the meshing tightness meets the operation safety of the rack railway vehicles. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a construction method of the ballasted track with steel sleeper that can accurately lay tracks on the mountain slope. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art that the construction precision requirements of the rack railway are high, the repeated adjustment is difficult and the cost is high, and to provide a construction method of the ballasted track rack railway. Especially in the case of lacking large-scale mechanical equipment, it can better realize the efficient laying construction of the ballasted track rack railway with steel sleepers, and is convenient for the railway construction in mountainous complex conditions and narrow areas.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A construction method of the ballasted track with steel sleeper for the mountain railway with a large slope, the method includes:

[0011] Step 1: Spread the subgrade ballast and level the surface of the ballast belt; then, groove in the middle of the ballast and set the first reference mark to identify the position of the track panel side line.

[0012] Step 2: Place and insert the lightweight tool sleeper with the same size as the steel sleeper into the ballast belt, and accurately adjust the position of the lightweight tool sleeper according to the first reference mark; the lightweight tool sleeper is a plastic component with the same shape as the steel sleeper, and the weight of the lightweight tool sleeper is less than 1 / 5 of the weight of the steel sleeper;

[0013] Tamp the ballast within the range of the lightweight tool sleeper to make the ballast evenly dense around the lightweight tool sleeper, and adjust the top surface levelness and longitudinal elevation of the lightweight tool sleeper to the designed height, and set the second reference mark.

[0014] Step 3: Take out the lightweight tool sleeper, place the steel sleeper at the position of the lightweight tool sleeper, and adjust the steel sleeper to the designed elevation according to the second reference mark; place the auxiliary rail on the steel sleeper, adjust the position of the steel sleeper and install the rail steel sleeper fastener to fix the steel sleeper;

[0015] Step 4:

[0016] First, determine the sleeper spacing according to the design specifications. After fixing one steel sleeper, use an eight-fold ruler and a stone pencil to set the third reference mark A on the outside of the rail head forward or backward.

[0017] Then, according to the third reference mark A, use a square to set the third reference mark B on the adjacent rail; square the steel sleepers that are skewed and not within the range of the spacing line. According to the degree of skew of the steel sleeper and the direction of square movement, dig out the ballast beside the moving sleeper end.

[0018] Step 5: Use a sleeper squaring device to adjust and position the steel sleepers in sequence.

[0019] Furthermore, in step 5, the method of using the sleeper squaring device to adjust and position the steel sleepers in sequence is as follows: First, dig out the ballast, loosen the nuts of the rail-steel sleeper fasteners, and place the sleeper squaring device under the rail; then, use the sleeper squaring device and a wooden block adapted to the arc of the steel sleeper side to adjust the steel sleeper to make it square; set wooden blocks between adjacent steel sleepers and between the top columns of the sleeper squaring device respectively; close the valve of the sleeper squaring device, use a pressure rod to push out the top column to position the steel sleeper according to the reference of the third reference mark B to the correct position; loosen the valve of the sleeper squaring device, remove the sleeper squaring device and the two wooden blocks, and tighten the nuts of the rail-steel sleeper fasteners to meet the torque requirement to complete the squaring of one rail. Operate according to the method of loosening one, squaring it in place, tightening one, and then loosening the nuts of the next fastener for squaring until the adjustment and positioning of all steel sleepers under the rail are completely assisted. Preferably, after the adjustment and positioning are completed, tamp the moved steel sleepers, restore the ballast bed, and backfill the ballast.

[0020] Step 6: After completing the adjustment and positioning of all steel sleepers, install two sections of holeless racks in the middle of the steel sleepers; then, install the rail fasteners within the range of the two sections of holeless racks. Preferably, the length of the holeless rack is 25 meters.

[0021] Step 7: Remove the auxiliary rail, install a formal long rail to replace the auxiliary rail, and tighten the bolts of the rail-steel sleeper fasteners. Preferably, the formal long rail is a 50 kg / m rail with a fixed length of 25 meters.

[0022] Repeat the above steps 2 to 7 until the construction of the ballasted track rack railway for all steel sleepers is completed.

[0023] The above-mentioned process method of the present invention is suitable for the construction of ballasted track rack railways with precisely positioned steel sleepers in complex mountainous areas, which has important practical significance for ensuring the normal use of transmission components of rack railways. Through the installation and adjustment of rails, steel sleepers and rack rails in a specific order, the position of the rack rail is accurate, the track stability is good, and there is no need for a large number of repeated manual debugging. Moreover, the method of the present invention can realize the efficient and rapid manual adjustment of the laying of sleepers, and the auxiliary machinery used is not restricted by the entry. At the same time, the construction method of the present invention does not rely on the rack as an auxiliary positioning for construction. The rack is installed after the sleepers are constructed and laid in place. Therefore, the installation accuracy of the rack is excellent, and there is no risk of dislocation caused by the debugging of sleepers and rails. The tool sleeper can not only position but also pre-compact the ballast under the sleeper, which is beneficial to the precise construction of tamping the ballast.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, conventional steel sleepers generally use large hoisting equipment to transport the sleepers to the construction site, which is not suitable for complex mountainous areas (because large machinery cannot enter). Therefore, in the case of limited site, it can only rely on manual handling. Also, due to the easy slippage of steel sleepers on the large slopes in the mountains, it increases the difficulty of positioning the steel sleepers themselves. The method of the present invention realizes fewer manual adjustments. Only a small amount of manual labor is required to complete the laying of steel sleepers, improving the installation accuracy of steel sleepers and effectively overcoming the limitations of construction difficulties in complex mountainous areas.

[0025] The present invention adjusts the installation positions of steel sleepers one by one. First, a lightweight tool sleeper is used to pre-adjust the laying position of the steel sleeper, so that the ballast gravel is initially scattered in a suitable position, and auxiliary markings are made on the basis of the position adjusted by the lightweight tool sleeper. The auxiliary markings help to accurately adjust the horizontal, longitudinal coordinate positions and elevation during the actual installation of the steel sleeper. In this way, there is no need for violent handling and movement with strong external force. Using the reference markings and the already laid and positioned steel sleepers as auxiliary references and adjustment mechanisms, the rails and rack rails of the ballasted track of the steel sleeper are installed and positioned one by one. During the installation process, no large mechanical equipment is required, and the force required to adjust the steel sleeper is relatively small, and the laying work of the rack rail of the ballasted track of the steel sleeper can be conveniently completed, meeting the construction requirements for laying rack rails in narrow mountainous areas. Especially in mountainous areas where large machinery is difficult to enter the construction site, the position is first determined with a tool sleeper to avoid the problem of repeated handling of steel sleepers, and precise positioning can be well achieved without large machinery.

[0026] Furthermore, in the present invention, the installation and adjustment of steel sleepers are carried out according to the length of the auxiliary rail each time. After the installation and adjustment of a section of the auxiliary rail are completed, it is replaced with a formal long rail, and then the above operation is repeated to complete the laying of the next section of steel sleepers and rails until all the rails and sleepers are laid. Preferably, the formal rail is a 50 kg / m rail.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 1, after grooving in the middle of the ballast, a first reference marking is set; the first reference marking is the marking of the rail alignment edge.

[0028] Preferably, the first reference mark is a white line as long as two rack lengths, with a wooden stick tied to it and inserted at the positions of the two side lines of the track panel. The positions of the sleeper laying are marked with red paint on the line.

[0029] More preferably, by marking the positions of the steel sleepers with red paint on the side lines of the track panel, the cutting position of each steel sleeper is close to the final laying position, reducing the workload of manual laying and moving of the steel sleepers.

[0030] Most preferably, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the first reference mark is a white line as long as two rack lengths, with a wooden stick tied to it and inserted at the positions of the two side lines of the track panel. The positions of the sleeper laying are marked with red paint on the line.

[0031] Furthermore, after step 1 is completed, a temporary ballast fixing net is laid.

[0032] The temporary ballast fixing net structure includes four temporary anchor piles, a ballast fixing net, and four bolted ropes;

[0033] The temporary anchor piles are arranged on both sides of the rack railway;

[0034] One end of the bolted rope is connected to the installation ring, and the other end is connected to the ballast fixing net.

[0035] In this way, the ballast is assisted in being fixed by the temporary ballast fixing net, facilitating the installation of lightweight tool sleepers or steel sleepers.

[0036] Furthermore, the bolted rope is an elastic rope. Preferably, the bolted rope and the ballast fixing net are of an integrally formed structure, which is convenient for storage and reduces the loss of the rope.

[0037] Furthermore, the ballast fixing net includes a plurality of mesh sheets. The adjacent side edges of the adjacent mesh sheets are provided with disassembly and assembly zippers, and the adjacent mesh sheets are assembled into a whole through the disassembly and assembly zippers. Each mesh sheet includes two symmetric left and right parts, and the two parts respectively have concave-shaped notches. The two concave-shaped notches are abutted against each other, and a cavity is formed in the middle; a detachable ballast sub-net is arranged at the cavity position, and the two symmetric left and right parts of the mesh sheet are connected together through the ballast sub-net. The ballast sub-net corresponds to the laying position of the steel sleeper. The ballast sub-net and the two symmetric left and right parts of the mesh sheet are quickly installed and connected through disassembly and assembly lock catches.

[0038] During construction, first drive the four temporary anchor piles into the soil on both sides of the railway track, and then install the installation studs with self-tapping screw structures on the foundation wooden piles. The top of the installation stud is an installation ring with a metal ring, which is convenient for connecting the bolted rope. In this way, after the ballast gravel is laid, it can be covered with the mesh of the ballast fixing net to initially fix the gravel, and then the ballast sub-net is quickly removed through the disassembly and assembly lock catches, and the steel sleepers are laid and the position accuracy is adjusted at the holes formed by the two concave-shaped notches, improving the smoothness, accuracy and stability of the steel sleepers, the steel sleepers and the rack as a whole on the ballast system.

[0039] Furthermore, in step 2, the lightweight tool pillow is a PET or ABS component. The lightweight tool pillow for plastic workpieces has the advantages of easy processing, fast impact resistance and wear resistance, can be reused, and is environmentally friendly and energy-saving. The weight of the adopted lightweight tool pillow is less than 1 / 5 of the weight of the steel pillow, and it has the advantages of being easy to move, arrange and adjust, effectively reducing the physical labor intensity of workers during the construction process.

[0040] Furthermore, in step 2, place and insert the lightweight tool pillow into the ballast belt according to the position marked by the first reference mark, and adjust the lightweight tool pillow to be perpendicular to the center line of the railway line. Preferably, the inner shell of the steel pillow is placed according to the position marked by the red line, and some ballast gravel can be appropriately pre-planed to improve the positioning efficiency of the inner shell of the steel pillow.

[0041] Preferably, accurately adjust the position of the lightweight tool pillow so that the lightweight tool pillow is perpendicular to the center line of the line, and the deviation between the center line of the lightweight tool pillow and the center line of the line is not more than 20 mm.

[0042] Furthermore, in step 2, preferably, the second reference mark is to insert wooden sticks on both sides of the lightweight tool pillow, tie a white line along the transverse top surface center line of the lightweight tool pillow, and mark the elevation on the wooden sticks according to the top surface elevation of the lightweight tool pillow.

[0043] Furthermore, in step 3, preferably, the adjustment of the position of the steel pillow refers to using a square to adjust the position of the steel pillow.

[0044] Furthermore, in step 3, when installing the rail steel pillow fasteners, if it is a straight section, the heads of the left and right rail should be squared; if it is a curve section, square it according to the calculated stagger amount; the steel pillow spacing and skew error are controlled within 40 mm, and the error between two sleeper position marks on the rail is controlled within 5 mm.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 3, the auxiliary rail is a 50 kg / m rail.

[0046] Furthermore, in step 4, preferably, according to the number of roots configured per kilometer to determine the sleeper spacing size.

[0047] Furthermore, in step 4, the third reference mark A is a white line drawn on the inner web of the rail. Preferably, the third reference mark A is a mark drawn with white lead paint on the outside of the rail head according to the white stone. Draw a vertical white line with a width of 3 - 5 mm and a length of 50 - 60 mm on the inner web of the rail.

[0048] Furthermore, in step 4, according to the third reference mark A, according to the degree of skew of the steel pillow and the direction of square movement, move the square and place it on another rail to complete the setting of the third reference mark B. The third reference mark B is aligned and drawn on the inner web of the rail, and a vertical white line with a width of 3 - 5 mm and a length of 50 - 60 mm is drawn.

[0049] Further, in step 5, after aligning one sleeper properly, move to the next sleeper for alignment. Tamp the aligned sleeper and restore the roadbed and backfill ballast.

[0050] Further, in step 7, the holeless rack is a 25m rack. After the installation of the rack and fasteners within 25m is completed, remove the auxiliary rail, install a 25m 50kg / m long rail on the sleeper, and tighten the bolts of the 50kg / m rail sleeper fasteners.

[0051] Further, in step 7, install a two - section rack in the middle of the sleeper, and then install the formal rack rail sleeper fasteners within the range of the two - section rack. Among them, the used rack can be an ordinary rack, a holeless rack or a perforated rack.

[0052] Preferably, the rack rail sleeper fastener is a 50kg / m rail sleeper fastener. Then, install a 25m fixed - length 50kg / m long rail on the sleeper and tighten the bolts of the 50kg / m rail sleeper fasteners. When the longitudinal, transverse and vertical design elevations of the sleepers within the range of the two - section rack are met, the foundation smoothness for the installation between the racks is ensured.

[0053] Further, it further includes step 8. After track laying, use a ballast unloading trolley to carry out ballast replenishment operation on the line.

[0054] Further, it further includes step 9. Use a track geometry state measuring instrument to measure the center line and elevation of the line and finely adjust the track.

[0055] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0056] Use a lightweight tool sleeper made of PET material to pre - position the laying position of the steel sleeper. On the one hand, it accurately positions the laying elevation of the steel sleeper, and on the other hand, it increases the density of the ballast under the sleeper, ensuring the smoothness requirement of the top surface of the steel sleeper. Use the auxiliary rail in the form of a unit rail section to provide the necessary foundation smoothness for the installation of adjacent racks and rack rail fasteners on the basis of ensuring the design elevation of the top surface of the steel sleeper, ensuring the feasibility of relying solely on manual construction due to the inability of large construction machinery to reach the construction site. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the construction method for the ballasted track of steel sleepers on a mountainous large - gradient railway.

[0058] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the lightweight tool sleeper (perspective view of the inner groove). The inner groove of the lightweight tool sleeper is hollow and ribbed, facilitating the fixation of dense ballast.

[0059] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the temporary ballast - fixing net.

[0060] Markings in the figure: 1 - Temporary anchor pile, 2 - Ballast fixing net, 21 - Sub - ballast fixing net, 22 - Disassembly and assembly zipper, 23 - Disassembly and assembly lock, 3 - Bolted rope. Specific implementation mode

[0061] The present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with test examples and specific implementation modes. However, this should not be understood that the scope of the above - mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.

[0062] Embodiment 1

[0063] As Figure 1 shown in the construction process of the rack rail railway with ballast on steel sleepers, the steps are as follows:

[0064] S1: Transport the sub - grade bottom ballast from the ballast yard to the site for paving, and after track laying, use a ballast unloading trolley to carry out ballast replenishment operation on the line.

[0065] S2: The surface of the ballast belt is flat, the middle groove is straight, mark the side lines of the track panel. Tie a wooden stick to a white line with a length of two - section rack teeth and insert it at the positions of the two - side lines of the track panel. Mark the sleeper laying positions on the line with red paint.

[0066] S3: Place the factory - made PET lightweight tool sleepers molded according to the steel sleeper size 1:1 at the positions marked with red paint and insert them into the ballast belt. The lightweight tool sleepers should be perpendicular to the center line of the line, and the deviation between the center line of the lightweight tool sleeper and the center line of the line should not be greater than 20 mm. Among them, the applied PET lightweight tool sleepers are as Figure 2 shown.

[0067] S4: Tamp the ballast within the range of the lightweight tool sleepers to make the ballast evenly dense under the lightweight tool sleepers. Adjust the horizontal and longitudinal elevations of the top surface of the lightweight tool sleepers to the design elevation. Insert additional wooden sticks on both sides of the lightweight tool sleepers, and tie a white line along the transverse center line of the top surface of the lightweight tool sleepers. Mark the elevation on the wooden sticks according to the elevation of the top surface of the lightweight tool sleepers.

[0068] S5: Peel off the lightweight tool sleepers from the overlying ballast layer, spread steel sleepers at the original positions of the lightweight tool sleepers, adjust the steel sleepers to the design elevation according to the markings on the wooden sticks. Place two 50 - kg / m auxiliary steel rails with a length of two - section rack teeth on the steel sleepers, and install 50 - kg / m steel sleeper fasteners. The heads of the left and right rails should be square on the straight line, and be squared according to the calculated stagger on the curve. The steel sleeper spacing and skew error should be controlled within 40 mm, and the error between two sleeper position marks on the rails should be controlled within 5 mm.

[0069] S6: According to the sleeper spacing dimension determined by the number of roots per kilometer, after fixing one steel sleeper, use an eight-fold ruler and a stone pencil to draw forward or backward on the outer side of the rail head, and use white lead paint to align with the mark drawn with white stone and draw a vertical white line 3 - 5 mm wide and 50 - 60 mm long on the inner rail waist of the rail.

[0070] S7: Place it on the other rail according to the drawn white line with a square ruler, and square the steel sleepers that are skewed and not within the range of the spacing line. According to the degree of skew of the steel sleeper and the direction of movement, dig out the ballast on the side of the pillow of the moving side.

[0071] S8: Loosen the rail fastener nuts on the premise of not affecting the movement of the steel sleeper, loosen one nut at a time, place it in place and tighten one, then loosen the nut of the next one. Install the sleeper aligner at an appropriate position at the bottom of the rail. Use the sleeper aligner and wooden blocks that fit the arc side of the steel sleeper to square the steel sleeper. Place the two wooden blocks between the sides of the two steel sleepers and the top column of the sleeper aligner respectively, keep the contact surface between the wooden block and the top column perpendicular. Close the valve of the sleeper aligner, use the pressure rod to press out the top column to place the steel sleeper in the correct position, loosen the valve of the sleeper aligner and remove the sleeper aligner and the two wooden blocks, tighten the fastener nuts to meet the torque requirement. After squaring one, move to the next steel sleeper for squaring. Tamp the moved steel sleeper, restore the roadbed and backfill the ballast.

[0072] S9: Install two sections of holeless rack in the middle of the steel sleeper, and then install the holeless rail sleeper fasteners within the range of the two sections of rack.

[0073] S10: Loosen the steel sleeper fasteners of the 50 kg / m rail, move the auxiliary rail away, repeat steps S2 - S9 in the subsequent unit rail section. After the rack and fasteners within 25 m are installed, install the 25 m long 50 kg / m rail on the steel sleeper and tighten the bolts of the steel sleeper fasteners of the 50 kg / m rail.

[0074] S11: Use the track geometry state measuring instrument to measure the line center and elevation, and finely adjust the track.

[0075] Example 2

[0076] A construction method for a ballasted track of steel sleepers on a mountainous railway with a large slope, the method includes:

[0077] S1: Transport the subgrade bottom ballast from the ballast yard to the site for paving, and use a ballast unloading trolley to fill the ballast for the line after track laying. The ballast is selected as crushed stone for paving. First, dig a 0.5 - meter - deep trench in the line foundation, and then fill it with crushed stone.

[0078] S2: The surface of the ballast belt is flat, the middle groove is straight. Mark the side lines of the track panel. Use a long white line with a length of two sections of rack and tie a wooden stick to insert at the positions of the side lines on both sides of the track panel for identification. Mark the sleeper positions (corresponding to the designed installation positions of the steel sleepers) with red paint on the long white line.

[0079] S3: Place the factory-made PET lightweight tool sleeper molded according to the sleeper size at a 1:1 ratio at the positions marked with red paint on the Changbai Line and insert it into the ballast belt. Adjust the lightweight tool sleeper to be perpendicular to the center line of the line. Pay attention to controlling the centering mark set at the center line of the lightweight tool sleeper and align it with the center line of the line through this centering mark, so that the deviation of the steel sleeper is not more than 20 mm.

[0080] S4: Tamp the ballast inside the perimeter of the lightweight tool sleeper to make the ballast evenly dense around the lightweight tool sleeper, and adjust the top surface level and longitudinal elevation of the lightweight tool sleeper to the design elevation. At the same time, insert the second wooden stick on both sides of the lightweight tool sleeper, tie a white line along the center line of the transverse top surface of the lightweight tool sleeper, and mark the second wooden stick according to the elevation mark on the top surface of the lightweight tool sleeper.

[0081] S5: Remove the lightweight tool sleeper from the ballast, spread the steel sleeper at the position where the original lightweight tool sleeper was located, and adjust the steel sleeper to the design elevation according to the marks on the second wooden stick. Then, place the 50 kg / m auxiliary rail on the steel sleeper. The length of the auxiliary rail is equal to the length of two two-section racks. Install the steel sleeper fasteners for the 50 kg / m rail. The heads of the left and right rails on the straight line should be square, and on the curve, square them according to the calculated stagger amount. Control the steel sleeper spacing and skew error within 40 mm, and control the error between the two sleeper position marks on the rail within 5 mm.

[0082] S6: According to the sleeper spacing size determined by the number of sleepers configured per kilometer, after fixing one steel sleeper, use an eight-fold ruler and a stone pencil to draw forward or backward on the outside of the rail head. Use white lead paint to align with the marks drawn by the stone wall and draw a vertical white line with a width of 3 - 5 mm and a length of 50 - 60 mm on the inner rail waist of the rail (there may be certain error fluctuations in manual drawing).

[0083] S7: Place the square ruler on the other rail according to the drawn white line to determine the steel sleepers that are skewed and not within the range of the spacing line and square them. According to the degree of steel sleeper skew and the direction of movement, dig out the ballast on the side of the pillow that needs to be moved.

[0084] S8: Loosen the nuts of the rail fasteners on the condition that the square movement of the steel sleeper is not affected. Loosen one fastener nut at a time, place the loosened one in place, tighten it, and then loosen the nut of the next fastener. After loosening the nuts of the fasteners on one rail, place the sleeper square device at an appropriate position under the rail. Use the sleeper square device and wooden blocks that fit the arc-shaped side of the steel sleeper to square the steel sleeper. Place the two wooden blocks between the two sides of the steel sleeper and the top column of the sleeper square device respectively, ensuring that the contact surface between the wooden block and the top column is perpendicular. Close the valve of the sleeper square device, use the pressure rod to push out the top column to place the steel sleeper (with loosened fasteners) in the correct position, loosen the valve of the sleeper square device, remove the sleeper square device and the two wooden blocks, and tighten the fastener nuts to meet the torque requirements. After squaring one sleeper, move to the next steel sleeper for squaring. Tamp the squared steel sleepers, restore the roadbed and backfill ballast. Loosen the fasteners in the order of the rail extension direction, push the steel sleeper to the correct position, tighten and fix it to complete the positioning control of all steel sleepers by pushing.

[0085] S9: After positioning the steel sleeper with the sleeper square device and tightening the fasteners, install two sections of holeless racks in the middle of the corresponding steel sleepers, and install the holeless rack rail fasteners within the range of the two sections of racks.

[0086] S10: Loosen the steel sleeper fasteners of the 50 kg / m rail, move the auxiliary rail away, and repeat steps S2 - S9 in the subsequent unit (steel sleeper) rail section. After the racks and fasteners within 25 m are installed, install a 25 m long 50 kg / m rail on the steel sleepers and tighten the bolts of the steel sleeper fasteners of the 50 kg / m rail.

[0087] S11: Use a track geometry measurement instrument to measure the center line and elevation of the line and finely adjust the track.

[0088] Example 3

[0089] A construction method for a ballasted track of steel sleepers on a mountainous railway with a large slope is the same as that in Example 2, except that after the completion of laying with crushed stones in step 1, a temporary ballast fixing net is laid.

[0090] The temporary ballast retaining net structure includes four temporary anchor piles, a ballast retaining net, and four bolted ropes; the temporary anchor piles are arranged on both sides of the rack railway. The bolted ropes are elastic ropes, one end of the bolted rope is connected to the mounting ring, and the other end is connected to the ballast retaining net. The ballast retaining net includes a plurality of mesh sheets, and disassembly and assembly zippers are provided on adjacent sides of adjacent mesh sheets, and the adjacent mesh sheets are assembled into a whole through the disassembly and assembly zippers. Each mesh sheet includes two symmetrically arranged left and right parts, each part has a concave-shaped notch, the two concave-shaped notches are oppositely abutted, and a cavity is formed in the middle; a detachable ballast retaining sub-net is arranged at the position of the cavity, and the two symmetrically arranged left and right parts of the mesh sheet are connected together through the ballast retaining sub-net. The positions of the ballast retaining sub-net and the steel sleepers correspond to each other. The ballast retaining sub-net and the two symmetrically arranged left and right parts of the mesh sheet are quickly installed and connected through disassembly and assembly buckles. In this way, the ballast is assisted in being fixed by the temporary ballast retaining net, which is convenient for installing lightweight tool sleepers or steel sleepers, and is also beneficial for the operators to move on the laid ballast.

[0091] Furthermore, the bolted rope and the ballast retaining net are of an integrally formed structure, which is convenient for storage and reduces the loss of ropes.

[0092] During construction, first drive the four temporary anchor piles into the soil on both sides of the railway track, and then install the installation studs with self-tapping screw structures on the foundation wooden piles. The top of the installation stud is an installation ring with a metal ring, which is convenient for connecting the bolted ropes. In this way, after the ballast gravel is laid, the mesh of the ballast retaining net can be used for covering to preliminarily fix the gravel, and then the ballast retaining sub-net is quickly removed through the disassembly and assembly buckle, and the steel sleepers are laid and the position accuracy is adjusted at the holes formed by the two concave-shaped notches, so as to improve the smoothness, accuracy and stability of the steel sleepers, the steel sleepers and the rack as a whole laid on the ballast system.

[0093] The above is only an explanation of the present invention in combination with specific implementation cases, which is convenient for those skilled in the art to understand the innovative technical solution of the present invention, and does not limit the construction method of the present invention in any way. Any steel sleeper laying construction method based on the core idea of the present invention belongs to the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a large slope railway in mountainous areas, characterized in that, The method includes: Step 1: Spread the subgrade ballast and level the surface of the ballast belt; then, groove in the middle of the ballast, set the first reference mark to identify the position of the track panel side line; After completion, lay a temporary ballast fixing net; the structure of the temporary ballast fixing net includes four temporary anchor piles, a ballast fixing net, and four bolted ropes; the temporary anchor piles are arranged on both sides of the rack railway; one end of the bolted rope is connected to the installation ring, and the other end is connected to the ballast fixing net; Step 2: Place and insert lightweight tool sleepers with a size ratio of 1:1 to the steel sleepers into the ballast belt, and adjust the position of the lightweight tool sleepers according to the first reference mark; the lightweight tool sleepers are plastic components with the same shape as the steel sleepers, and the weight of the lightweight tool sleepers is less than 1 / 5 of the weight of the steel sleepers; Tamp the ballast within the range of the lightweight tool sleepers to make the ballast evenly dense around the lightweight tool sleepers, and adjust the top surface level and longitudinal elevation of the lightweight tool sleepers to the design height, and set the second reference mark; The lightweight tool sleepers are PET or ABS components; Step 3: Remove the lightweight tool sleepers, place steel sleepers at the positions of the lightweight tool sleepers, and adjust the steel sleepers to the design elevation according to the second reference mark; place auxiliary rails on the steel sleepers, adjust the positions of the steel sleepers and install rail steel sleeper fasteners to fix the steel sleepers; Step 4: First, determine the sleeper spacing according to the design specifications. After fixing one steel sleeper, use an octagonal folding rule and a stone pen to set the third reference mark A on the outside of the rail head forward or backward; Then, according to the third reference mark A, use a square to set the third reference mark B on the adjacent rail; square the steel sleepers that are skewed and not within the range of the spacing line. According to the degree of skew of the steel sleeper and the direction of square movement, dig out the ballast beside the moving sleeper end; Step 5: Use a sleeper squaring device to adjust the positions of the positioning steel sleepers in sequence; Step 6: After completing the adjustment and positioning of all steel sleepers, install two sections of holeless racks in the middle of the steel sleepers; then, install the rack railway fasteners within the range of the two sections of holeless racks; Step 7: Remove the auxiliary rails, install formal long rails to replace the auxiliary rails, and tighten the bolts of the rail steel sleeper fasteners; Repeat the above steps 2 to 7 until the construction of the rack railway with ballasted track for all steel sleepers is completed.

2. The construction method of the ballasted track with steel sleepers on the mountainous large slope railway according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step 1, white lines are simultaneously extended on both sides of the groove in the middle of the ballast to identify the boundary position of the track panel, serving as the track panel side line mark, that is, the first reference mark.

3. The construction method of the ballasted track with steel sleepers on mountainous large slope railways according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step 2, place and insert the lightweight tool sleepers into the ballast belt according to the positions marked by the first reference mark, and adjust the lightweight tool sleepers to be perpendicular to the center line of the railway line.

4. The construction method of the ballasted track with steel sleepers for mountainous railway on large slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 3, when installing the rail steel sleeper fasteners, if it is a straight section, the heads of the left and right hand rails should be aligned and squared; if it is a curve section, square it according to the calculated stagger amount; the sleeper spacing and skew error are controlled within 40 mm, and the error between two sleeper position marks on the rail is controlled within 5 mm.

5. The construction method of a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a large mountain slope railway according to claim 1, characterized in that In Step 4, the third reference mark A is a white line drawn on the inner rail waist of the rail.

6. The construction method of a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a large mountain slope railway according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 4, according to the third reference mark A, according to the degree of skew of the steel sleeper and the direction of square movement, move the square and place it on another rail to complete the setting of the third reference mark B.

7. The construction method of a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a large mountain slope railway according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 5, after squaring one sleeper, transfer to the next steel sleeper for squaring, tamp the squared steel sleeper, and restore the ballast bed and backfill the ballast.

8. The construction method of a ballasted track with steel sleepers on a large mountain slope railway according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes step 8. After track laying, a ballast unloading trolley is used to conduct ballast replenishment operations on the line.

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