An experimental device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock masses, belonging to the field of geotechnical tests. It includes: a lifting mechanism, a water inlet mechanism, a specimen mechanism, and a drainage mechanism. The water inlet mechanism is movably arranged up and down within the lifting mechanism. The water inlet mechanism is arranged above the specimen mechanism and is connected to the specimen mechanism. The drainage mechanism is arranged below the specimen mechanism and is connected to the specimen mechanism through a water pipe. The present invention is conducive to realizing the exploration of the deterioration law of rock masses under the single or coupled action of multiple influencing factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of geotechnical tests, and particularly to a test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock masses. Background Art

[0002] Since the reservoir area has been in normal water storage and operation, the rock masses in the water-level fluctuation zone of the rocky bank slope have often been in a cyclic state of immersion saturation and exposure to drying due to periodic water-level fluctuations and seasonal rainfall. Therefore, the coupled action of complex hydraulic, solution erosion, and temperature factors between the rock mass medium and surface water and groundwater will cause the alteration and transformation of mineral components inside the rock mass medium and the damage and deterioration of apparent structural characteristics. Furthermore, it will lead to the gradual expansion of structural planes such as bedding, joints, and faults inside the rocky bank slope rock mass due to cumulative damage, and new fissures will be generated accordingly. The rock mass deterioration process will greatly reduce the strength of the rock mass, exacerbate the deformation and displacement of the rock mass, and even lead to the failure and instability of the bank slope, seriously threatening the lives and safety of residents in the reservoir area and shipping safety.

[0003] The existing test devices for exploring the deterioration law of rock masses have a single function and can only study the deterioration law of rock masses under the action of a single factor. For example, a freeze-thaw test chamber can only simulate the freeze-thaw cycle effect, and a dry-wet test machine can only simulate the dry-wet cycle effect. Or when studying the superposition of multiple single factors, multiple sets of test devices are used sequentially, and it is difficult to conduct research on the deterioration test of rock masses under the coupled action of multiple factors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock masses, so as to realize the exploration of the deterioration law of rock masses under the single or coupled action of multiple influencing factors.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problem is as follows: A test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock masses, comprising: a lifting mechanism, a water inlet mechanism, a specimen mechanism, and a drainage mechanism. The water inlet mechanism is movably arranged up and down in the lifting mechanism, the water inlet mechanism is arranged above the specimen mechanism and connected to the specimen mechanism, and the drainage mechanism is arranged below the specimen mechanism and connected to the specimen mechanism through a water pipe.

[0006] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: On the one hand, it is beneficial to explore the law of the deterioration of rock masses under the action of a single influencing factor, such as water pressure, water velocity, chemical ion concentration, and temperature. On the other hand, it is beneficial to explore the law of the deterioration of rock masses under the coupled action of multiple influencing factors. While reducing the experimental cost, it can also more comprehensively understand the deformation and deterioration mechanism of the reservoir bank rock mass, and provide technical support for the early identification and risk control of geological disasters in the reservoir area, as well as the safe operation of the waterway.

[0007] On the basis of the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0008] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism includes: a bottom plate, a plurality of struts, a displacement plate, a top plate, a plurality of motors, a plurality of gears, a plurality of chains and a plurality of counterweights; the bottom plate is a plate-like structure, the displacement plate is a plate-like structure with a plurality of notches on its side, the top plate is an annular plate-like structure, the struts are rod-like structures, the upper and lower ends of the struts are respectively connected to the bottom surface of the top plate and the top surface of the bottom plate, the struts penetrate through the displacement plate, the displacement plate can move up and down between the bottom plate and the top plate, the motors are arranged on the top surface of the top plate, a plurality of the motors are respectively coaxially connected to a plurality of the gears, a plurality of the chains respectively bypass above a plurality of the gears and are respectively connected to a plurality of the gears, one end of the chain is located inside the top plate and the other end is located outside the top plate, the counterweights are block-like structures, the chains located inside the top plate are connected to the top surface of the displacement plate, the chains located outside the top plate are connected to the counterweights, and a plurality of the counterweights can respectively pass through a plurality of the notches on the side of the displacement plate.

[0009] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The lifting mechanism is beneficial to providing a variable water pressure for exploring one of the influencing factors of the rock mass deterioration law, namely water pressure. Among them, the displacement plate can drive the water inlet mechanism to move up and down, thereby generating different water pressures; the cooperation of the motors, gears, chains and counterweights is beneficial to stably and horizontally lift the displacement plate, reducing the water pressure fluctuation of the water inlet mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the water inlet mechanism includes: a water tank, a solution concentration regulator, an air compressor, a water inlet valve and a telescopic water pipe; the water tank and the solution concentration regulator are both installed on the top surface of the displacement plate, the air compressor is installed at the top of the water tank, the water tank is arranged between the solution concentration regulator and the water inlet valve, the water inlet valve is arranged between the water tank and the telescopic water pipe, and the water tank and the water inlet valve, and the water inlet valve and the telescopic water pipe are both connected by water pipes.

[0011] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The water inlet mechanism is beneficial to cooperating with the lifting mechanism to provide one of the influencing factors of the rock mass deterioration law, namely water pressure, and on the other hand, it is beneficial to providing one of the influencing factors of the rock mass deterioration law, namely chemical ion concentration. Different influencing factors can be selected according to experimental requirements, so as to realize the exploration of the influence of single factors or coupled factors on the deterioration of rock masses. Among them, the air compressor is beneficial to pressurizing the water tank when the height of the lifted water tank cannot reach the predetermined water pressure, and the telescopic water pipe is beneficial to maintaining the connection with the specimen mechanism when the water tank rises.

[0012] Further, the solution concentration regulator includes: a rotary valve, a screw rod, a water plug, a central water pipe, a connecting pipe, a solution bottle, a one-way valve, and a pressure baffle; the screw rod is a rod-shaped structure with threads on its side wall, the top and bottom ends of the screw rod are respectively connected to the rotary valve and the water plug, the central water pipe is a horizontal tubular structure, the water plug vertically passes through the side wall of the top end of the central water pipe and can move up and down inside the central water pipe, the one-way valve is arranged at the end of the central water pipe close to the water tank, the end of the central water pipe far from the water tank is connected to an external water source, the two ends of the one-way valve are respectively connected to the side wall of the water tank and the central water pipe, the solution bottle is arranged below the central water pipe, the connecting pipe is a Y-shaped tubular structure, the top end of the connecting pipe and the side wall of the bottom end of the central water pipe are connected through penetration, the connection position between the water plug and the central water pipe is located in the middle of the connection position between the connecting pipe and the central water pipe, the bottom end of the connecting pipe is arranged inside the solution bottle, the pressure baffle is a plate-shaped structure adapted to the inner circular cross-section of the bottom end of the connecting pipe, and the pressure baffle is hinged to the inner wall of the bottom end of the connecting pipe.

[0013] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are: by controlling the lifting of the water plug in the central water pipe, it is beneficial to control the pressure on both sides of the water plug in the central water pipe, and then use the connecting pipe to suck the chemical reagent in the solution bottle into the water tank, providing the chemical ion concentration, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the rock mass deterioration law, and roughly adjusting the solution concentration according to the requirements.

[0014] Further, the specimen mechanism includes: a specimen, an electronic scale, a heating pipe, a temperature sensor, a water pressure gauge, a spray head, a liquid level pipe, a gas valve, and a specimen chamber; the specimen chamber is a hollow columnar structure, the telescopic water pipe and the top end of the specimen chamber are connected through penetration, the spray head is installed on the inner wall of the top end of the specimen chamber and is connected to the telescopic water pipe, the electronic scale is arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the bottom end of the specimen chamber, the specimen is installed on the electronic scale, the heating pipe is a wavy tubular structure, the heating pipe and the temperature sensor are both arranged on the inner side wall of the specimen chamber, the water pressure gauge is arranged on the outer side wall of the specimen chamber, the liquid level pipe is an L-shaped tubular structure, the short side of the liquid level pipe and the lower side wall of the specimen chamber are connected through penetration, the long side of the liquid level pipe is vertically arranged outside the specimen chamber, and the gas valve is arranged at the top end of the specimen chamber.

[0015] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The specimen mechanism is conducive to testing the rock mass to be sampled under the single or coupled action of various influencing factors. Among them, the electronic scale is not only conducive to obtaining the remaining mass of the rock mass after testing, but also can provide support for the rock mass; the heating tube and the temperature sensor are conducive to adjusting the temperature in the specimen chamber to the required temperature for the experiment, providing the temperature, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the law of rock mass deterioration; the water pressure gauge, the spray head and the air valve are conducive to adjusting the water pressure in the specimen chamber to the required water pressure for the experiment; the liquid level tube is conducive to observing the water level height inside the specimen chamber outside the specimen chamber by using the principle of communicating vessels.

[0016] Furthermore, a plurality of drain holes are provided on the side wall at the bottom end of the electronic scale, and the drain holes are through holes.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: On the one hand, the drain holes are conducive to timely discharging the water or chemical solution in the specimen chamber to the drainage mechanism after the experiment, and on the other hand, they are conducive to providing the water flow rate, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the law of rock mass deterioration.

[0018] Furthermore, the drainage mechanism includes: a filter barrel, a flow rate meter and a water outlet valve. The flow rate meter is arranged between the filter barrel and the water outlet valve. Both between the filter barrel and the flow rate meter and between the flow rate meter and the water outlet valve are connected by water pipes. The top end of the filter barrel is connected through the middle of the bottom end of the specimen chamber by a water pipe.

[0019] Furthermore, the filter barrel is of a hollow columnar structure, and a filter screen is arranged on the inner side wall of the filter barrel, and the filter screen is adapted to the water pipe connecting the flow rate meter and the filter barrel.

[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The drainage mechanism is conducive to discharging the water or chemical solution in the specimen chamber after the experiment. Among them, the filter screen in the filter barrel is conducive to blocking the solid rock samples lost from the specimen, facilitating subsequent drying and weighing to obtain data; the flow rate meter is conducive to controlling the water flow rate according to the experimental needs.

[0021] Furthermore, the lifting mechanism further includes scale lines, and the scale lines are arranged on the support column.

[0022] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The scale lines are conducive to providing an intuitive height or water pressure value for the experimenter when the height of the water tank increases, facilitating the correspondence with the water pressure gauge and improving the accuracy of the experiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of the solution concentration regulator provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic structural diagram of the connecting pipe and the pressure baffle provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of the electronic scale provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of the filter barrel provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] In the drawings, the list of components represented by each reference numeral is as follows:

[0030] 1. Lifting mechanism; 2. Water inlet mechanism; 3. Specimen mechanism; 4. Drainage mechanism; 11. Bottom plate; 12. Support pillar; 13. Scale line; 14. Displacement plate; 15. Top plate; 16. Motor; 17. Gear; 18. Chain; 19. Counterweight; 21. Water tank; 22. Solution concentration regulator; 23. Air compressor; 24. Water inlet valve; 25. Telescopic water pipe; 31. Specimen; 32. Electronic scale; 33. Heating pipe; 34. Temperature sensor; 35. Water pressure gauge; 36. Sprinkler head; 37. Liquid level tube; 38. Air valve; 39. Specimen chamber; 41. Filter barrel; 42. Flow rate meter; 43. Water outlet valve; 221. Rotary valve; 222. Screw rod; 223. Water plug; 224. Central water pipe; 225. Connecting pipe; 226. Solution bottle; 227. Check valve; 228. Pressure baffle; 321. Drainage hole; 411. Filter screen. Detailed implementation manners

[0031] The principles and features of the present invention will be described below. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, a test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass includes: a lifting mechanism 1, a water inlet mechanism 2, a specimen mechanism 3 and a drainage mechanism 4. The water inlet mechanism 2 is movably arranged up and down in the lifting mechanism 1. The water inlet mechanism 2 is arranged above the specimen mechanism 3 and is connected to the specimen mechanism 3. The drainage mechanism 4 is arranged below the specimen mechanism 3 and is connected to the specimen mechanism 3 through a water pipe.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: on the one hand, it is conducive to exploring the law of rock mass degradation under the influence of a single influencing factor, such as water pressure, water flow rate, chemical solution erosion and temperature, and on the other hand, it is conducive to exploring the law of rock mass degradation under the coupling effect of multiple influencing factors. While reducing the experimental cost, it can also more comprehensively understand the deformation and degradation mechanism of reservoir bank rock mass, and provide technical support for the early identification and risk control of geological disasters in the reservoir area, as well as the safe operation of waterways.

[0034] Preferably, Figure 2 As shown, the lifting mechanism 1 includes: a bottom plate 11, a plurality of pillars 12, a displacement plate 14, a top plate 15, a plurality of motors 16, a plurality of gears 17, a plurality of chains 18 and a plurality of counterweights 19; the bottom plate 11 is a plate-like structure, the displacement plate 14 is a plate-like structure with a plurality of notches on the side, the top plate 15 is an annular plate-like structure, the pillars 12 are rod-like structures, the upper and lower ends of the pillars 12 are connected to the bottom surface of the top plate 15 and the top surface of the bottom plate 11 in a one-to-one correspondence, the pillars 12 pass through the displacement plate 14, the displacement plate 14 can move up and down between the bottom plate 11 and the top plate 15, and the motor 16 is arranged On the top surface of the top plate 15, the multiple motors 16 are coaxially connected to the multiple gears 17 in a one-to-one manner, and the multiple chains 18 are passed over the top of the multiple gears 17 in a one-to-one manner and are connected to the multiple gears 17 in a one-to-one manner. One end of the chain 18 is located on the inner side of the top plate 15, and the other end is located on the outer side of the top plate 15. The counterweight 19 is a block structure. The chain 18 located on the inner side of the top plate 15 is connected to the top surface of the displacement plate 14, and the chain 18 located on the outer side of the top plate 15 is connected to the counterweight 19. The multiple counterweights 19 can pass through the multiple gaps on the side of the displacement plate 14 in a one-to-one manner.

[0035] Among them, it is necessary to understand that: in the preferred technical solution of the present invention, the number of the motor 16, the gear 17, the chain 18 and the counterweight 19 are all two, and the installation positions of the two motors 16 installed on the top surface of the top plate 15 are symmetrical about the center of the top plate 15, in order to reduce the device cost as much as possible while making the displacement plate 14 stably and horizontally lifted and lowered. However, in other embodiments, as long as the plurality of motors 16 are roughly evenly distributed on the top surface of the top plate 15, the displacement plate 14 can be stably and horizontally lifted and lowered in cooperation with the gear 17, the chain 18 and the counterweight 19.

[0036] The beneficial effects of adopting the above preferred solution are as follows: The lifting mechanism is conducive to providing variable water pressure for the water pressure, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass. Among them, the displacement plate can drive the water inlet mechanism to move up and down, thereby generating different water pressures; the cooperation of the motor, gears, chain and counterweight is conducive to lifting the displacement plate stably and horizontally, reducing the water pressure fluctuation of the water inlet mechanism.

[0037] Preferably, as Figure 1 shown, the water inlet mechanism 2 includes: a water tank 21, a solution concentration regulator 22, an air compressor 23, a water inlet valve 24 and a telescopic water pipe 25; the water tank 21 and the solution concentration regulator 22 are both installed on the top surface of the displacement plate 14, the air compressor 23 is installed on the top end of the water tank 21, the water tank 21 is arranged between the solution concentration regulator 22 and the water inlet valve 24, the water inlet valve 24 is arranged between the water tank 21 and the telescopic water pipe 25, and both between the water tank 21 and the water inlet valve 24 and between the water inlet valve 24 and the telescopic water pipe 25 are connected by water pipes.

[0038] The beneficial effects of adopting the above preferred solution are as follows: On the one hand, the water inlet mechanism is conducive to cooperating with the lifting mechanism to provide the water pressure, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass; on the other hand, it is conducive to providing the chemical ion concentration, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass. Different influencing factors can be selected according to experimental requirements, and then the exploration of the deterioration of rock mass by single factor or coupled factors can be realized. Among them, the air compressor is conducive to pressurizing the water tank when the height of the lifted water tank cannot reach the predetermined water pressure, and the telescopic water pipe is conducive to maintaining the connection with the specimen mechanism when the water tank rises.

[0039] Preferably, as Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown in the figure, the solution concentration regulator 22 includes: a rotary valve 221, a screw rod 222, a water plug 223, a central water pipe 224, a connecting pipe 225, a solution bottle 226, a check valve 227, and a pressure baffle 228; the screw rod 222 is a rod-shaped structure with threads on its side wall, the top and bottom ends of the screw rod 222 are respectively connected to the rotary valve 221 and the water plug 223, the central water pipe 224 is a horizontal tubular structure, the water plug 223 vertically passes through the side wall at the top end of the central water pipe 224 and can move up and down inside the central water pipe 224, the check valve 227 is arranged at the end of the central water pipe 224 close to the water tank 21, the end of the central water pipe 224 far from the water tank 21 is connected to an external water source, the two ends of the check valve 227 are respectively connected to the side wall of the water tank 21 and the central water pipe 224, the solution bottle 226 is arranged below the central water pipe 224, the connecting pipe 225 is a Y-shaped tubular structure, the top end of the connecting pipe 225 and the side wall at the bottom end of the central water pipe 224 are connected through penetration, the connection position between the water plug 223 and the central water pipe 224 is located in the middle of the connection position between the connecting pipe 225 and the central water pipe 224, the bottom end of the connecting pipe 225 is arranged inside the solution bottle 226, the pressure baffle 228 is a plate-shaped structure adapted to the inner circle cross-section at the bottom end of the connecting pipe 225, and the pressure baffle 228 is hinged to the inner wall at the bottom end of the connecting pipe 225.

[0040] Among them, it should be understood that: when the water plug 223 does not block the central water pipe 224, water can flow through the central water pipe 224 and the check valve 227 at normal pressure and then reach the water tank 21, and the pressure baffle 228 is in a horizontal state. At this time, the connecting pipe 225 does not suck chemical solution from the solution bottle 226; when the water plug 223 enters the central water pipe 224 and obstructs the water flow, the water pressure at the end close to the check valve 227 is low, and the water pressure at the end far from the check valve 227 is high. Under the action of the pressure difference, the water coming from the end far from the check valve 227 enters the central water pipe 224 at the end close to the check valve 227 through the elbow at the upper end of the connecting pipe 225. At this time, because there is water flow through the upper end of the connecting pipe 225, according to Bernoulli's principle, the air pressure at the upper end of the connecting pipe 225 is lower than that at the lower end of the connecting pipe 225. At this time, the pressure baffle 228 is pushed upward under the action of the pressure, and the chemical solution in the solution bottle 226 is sucked into the connecting pipe 225, and then reaches the water tank 21 through the central water pipe 224 and the check valve 227. And by adjusting the height of the water plug 223 in the central water pipe 224 and the flow rate of the external water source, the stability of the solution concentration in the water tank 21 can be maintained.

[0041] The beneficial effects of adopting the above preferred solution are as follows: By controlling the rise and fall of the water plug in the central water pipe, it is beneficial to control the pressure on both sides of the central water pipe by the water plug, and then use the communicating pipe to suck the chemical reagent in the solution bottle into the water tank, providing the chemical ion concentration, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the law of rock mass deterioration, and roughly adjusting the solution concentration according to requirements.

[0042] Preferably, as Figure 1 shown, the specimen mechanism 3 includes: a specimen 31, an electronic scale 32, a heating pipe 33, a temperature sensor 34, a water pressure gauge 35, a spray head 36, a liquid level pipe 37, an air valve 38, and a specimen chamber 39; the specimen chamber 39 is a hollow columnar structure, the telescopic water pipe 25 and the top of the specimen chamber 39 are connected through penetration, the spray head 36 is installed on the inner wall of the top of the specimen chamber 39 and is connected to the telescopic water pipe 25, the electronic scale 32 is arranged in the middle of the inner wall at the bottom of the specimen chamber 39, the specimen 31 is installed on the electronic scale 32, the heating pipe 33 is a wavy tubular structure, the heating pipe 33 and the temperature sensor 34 are both arranged on the inner side wall of the specimen chamber 39, the water pressure gauge 35 is arranged on the outer side wall of the specimen chamber 39, the liquid level pipe 37 is an L-shaped tubular structure, the short side of the liquid level pipe 37 is connected to the side wall at the lower end of the specimen chamber 39 through penetration, the long side of the liquid level pipe 37 is vertically arranged outside the specimen chamber 39, and the air valve 38 is arranged at the top of the specimen chamber 39.

[0043] The beneficial effects of adopting the above preferred solution are as follows: The specimen mechanism is beneficial to testing the rock mass to be tested under the single or coupled action of various influencing factors. Among them, the electronic scale is beneficial to obtaining the remaining mass of the rock mass after the test and can also provide support for the rock mass; the heating pipe and the temperature sensor cooperate to adjust the temperature in the specimen chamber to the temperature required for the experiment, providing the temperature, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the law of rock mass deterioration; the water pressure gauge, the spray head and the air valve cooperate to adjust the water pressure in the specimen chamber to the water pressure required for the experiment; the liquid level pipe is beneficial to observing the water level height inside the specimen chamber outside the specimen chamber by using the principle of the communicating vessel.

[0044] Preferably, as Figure 5 shown, a plurality of drain holes 321 are arranged on the side wall at the bottom end of the electronic scale 32, and the drain holes 321 are through holes.

[0045] The beneficial effects of adopting the above preferred solution are as follows: On the one hand, the drain holes are beneficial to timely discharging the water or chemical solution in the specimen chamber to the drainage mechanism after the experiment, and on the other hand, they are beneficial to providing the water flow rate, which is one of the influencing factors for exploring the law of rock mass deterioration.

[0046] Preferably, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, the drainage mechanism 4 includes a filter barrel 41, a flow meter 42, and a water outlet valve 43. The flow meter 42 is arranged between the filter barrel 41 and the water outlet valve 43. The filter barrel 41 and the flow meter 42, as well as the flow meter 42 and the water outlet valve 43, are connected by water pipes. The top end of the filter barrel 41 is connected to the middle of the bottom end of the specimen chamber 39 through a water pipe.

[0047] Preferably, as Figure 6 shown in the figure, the filter barrel 41 is a hollow columnar structure. A filter screen 411 is arranged on the inner side wall of the filter barrel 41, and the filter screen 411 is adapted to the water pipe connecting the flow meter 42 and the filter barrel 41.

[0048] The beneficial effect of adopting the above preferred scheme is that the drainage mechanism is conducive to discharging the water or chemical solution in the specimen chamber after the experiment. Among them, the filter screen in the filter barrel is conducive to blocking the solid rock samples lost from the specimen, facilitating subsequent drying and weighing to obtain data; the flow meter is conducive to controlling the water flow rate according to the experimental needs.

[0049] Preferably, as Figure 1 shown in the figure, the lifting mechanism 1 further includes a scale line 13, and the scale line 13 is arranged on the support column 12.

[0050] Among them, it should be understood that the scale line 13 can be either a scale representing height values or a scale representing water pressure values.

[0051] The beneficial effect of adopting the above preferred scheme is that the scale line is conducive to providing an intuitive height or water pressure value for the experimenter when the height of the water tank increases, facilitating the formation of a correspondence with the water pressure gauge and improving the accuracy of the experiment.

[0052] The working process of the present invention will be described below through three embodiments.

[0053] Embodiment 1: Explore the law of the coupling of water pressure and water flow velocity on rock mass deterioration.

[0054] Before the experiment, a rock specimen 31 was selected, and the ultrasonic velocity and propagation time of the specimen were measured using the first-wave method, and the average value was obtained by measuring multiple times. During the experiment, first, the rotary valve 221 was rotated, and the water plug 223 was driven by the screw rod 222 to move up and down in the central water pipe 224, so that the water plug 223 did not obstruct the water flow in the central water pipe 224 to flow at normal water pressure, and then a certain height of water was injected into the water tank 21. Then the motor 16 was started, and the displacement plate 14 was moved up and down between the bottom plate 11 and the top plate 15 by using the gear 17 and the chain 18, and then the water tank 21 was driven to move up and down. By observing the value on the scale line 13 that was flush with the liquid level height in the water tank 21, it was judged whether the water pressure in the water tank 21 reached the pressure required for the experiment as the displacement plate 14 moved. If the required pressure for the experiment was reached after the water tank 21 rose to a certain height, the motor 16 was turned off, and the water inlet valve 24 was opened, so that the water in the water tank 21 entered the specimen chamber 39 through the telescopic water pipe 25 and the nozzle 36 until the water level in the specimen chamber 39 submerged the specimen 31, and then the water inlet valve 24 was closed; if the required pressure for the experiment could not be reached after the water tank 21 rose to the top, the motor 16 was turned off, and the air compressor 23 was started to pressurize the water tank 21. At the same time, the water inlet valve 24 was opened, so that the water in the water tank 21 entered the specimen chamber 39 through the telescopic water pipe 25 and the nozzle 36. By observing the value of the water pressure gauge 35 and the opening of the fine-tuning air valve 38, the air compressor 23 was turned off until the value of the water pressure gauge 35 reached the pressure required for the experiment, and the water inlet valve 24 was closed after the water level in the specimen chamber 39 rose to submerge the specimen 31. Then the water outlet valve 43 was adjusted, and by observing the flow meter 42, the water with a certain pressure in the specimen chamber 39 was discharged at the water flow rate required for the experiment. Finally, after the water in the specimen chamber 39 was drained, the heating tube 33 was turned on to dry the specimen 31 after the experiment. After drying, the specimen 31 was taken out, and the ultrasonic velocity and propagation time of the specimen were measured again using the first-wave method, and the average value was obtained by measuring multiple times to obtain the relevant data before and after the experiment.

[0055] Among them, using the first-wave method to measure the ultrasonic velocity and propagation time of the specimen belongs to the prior art, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment. This embodiment mainly describes the operation process of the coupling of water pressure and water flow rate on the deterioration law of rock mass.

[0056] Example 2: Explore the law of the coupling of chemical solution erosion and water flow rate on the deterioration of rock mass.

[0057] Before the experiment starts, select the rock specimen 31, scan and photograph it using an electron microscope to obtain its microscopic image, and perform binarization processing using image scanning software to extract the porosity. During the experiment, first add a chemical solution with a certain concentration into the solution bottle 226, rotate the rotary valve 221, extend the water plug 223 into the central water pipe 224 by a certain distance, so that a pressure difference is generated in the water flow in the central water pipe 224 on both sides of the water plug 223. Then, the water at the end far from the one-way valve 227 flows from the top of the connecting pipe 225 into the central water pipe 224 near the one-way valve 227. Furthermore, the pressure at the top of the connecting pipe 225 decreases, and the chemical solution in the solution bottle 226 is sucked into the water tank 21 along the connecting pipe 225. By keeping the flow rate of the external water source stable and the height of the water plug 223 in the central water pipe 224 unchanged, the concentration of the chemical solution in the water tank 21 is kept constant. Next, open the water inlet valve 24, so that the water in the water tank 21 enters the specimen chamber 39 through the telescopic water pipe 25 and the nozzle 36 until the water level in the specimen chamber 39 submerges the specimen 31, and then close the water inlet valve 24. Then adjust the water outlet valve 43, and by observing the flow rate meter 42, discharge the chemical solution with a certain concentration in the specimen chamber 39 at the water flow rate required for the experiment. Finally, after the chemical solution in the specimen chamber 39 is drained completely, turn on the heating pipe 33 to dry the specimen 31 after the experiment. After drying, take out the specimen 31, scan and photograph it again using an electron microscope to obtain its microscopic image, perform binarization processing using image scanning software to extract the porosity, and obtain the relevant data before and after the experiment.

[0058] Among them, scanning and photographing using an electron microscope to obtain its microscopic image, performing binarization processing using image scanning software to extract the porosity belong to the prior art, and will not be elaborated in this embodiment. This embodiment mainly illustrates the operation process of the coupling of chemical erosion and water flow rate on the deterioration law of rock mass.

[0059] Example 3: Explore the law of the coupling of temperature and water flow rate on the deterioration of rock mass.

[0060] Before the experiment starts, select the rock specimen 31, weigh the selected specimen 31 using the electronic scale 32, and record the reading of the electronic scale 32. During the experiment, first turn on the heating pipe 33 to dry and heat up the specimen 31 in the specimen chamber 39. When the value of the temperature sensor 34 is observed to reach the temperature required for the experiment, turn off the heating pipe 33. Then open the water inlet valve 24, so that the water in the water tank 21 enters the specimen chamber 39 through the telescopic water pipe 25 and the nozzle 36 until the water level in the specimen chamber 39 submerges the specimen 31, and then close the water inlet valve 24 to cool the specimen 31. Then adjust the water outlet valve 43, and by observing the flow rate meter 42, discharge the water in the specimen chamber 39 at the water flow rate required for the experiment. Finally, after repeating the above operation process multiple times, weigh the specimen 31 after the experiment again using the electronic scale 32, and record the reading of the electronic scale 32 to obtain the relevant data before and after the experiment.

[0061] The above three embodiments provide three detection operation methods for exploring the degree of rock mass deterioration, namely acoustic wave testing, electron microscope scanning, and mass loss. However, this does not mean that there are only these three methods; at the same time, it is not limited to the exploration of a single influencing factor such as water pressure, chemical solution erosion, temperature, and water flow velocity, and multiple influencing factors can be explored in a coupled manner.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0063] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0064] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0065] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the first feature being "on" or "under" the second feature can be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are indirectly in contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature being "above", "over" and "on" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a higher horizontal height than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "beneath" and "under" the second feature can be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely indicates that the first feature has a lower horizontal height than the second feature.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the description referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for exploring the deterioration law of rock masses, characterized in that, Including: A lifting mechanism (1), a water inlet mechanism (2), a specimen mechanism (3) and a drainage mechanism (4). The water inlet mechanism (2) is disposed in the lifting mechanism (1) in a vertically movable manner. The water inlet mechanism (2) is disposed above the specimen mechanism (3) and is connected to the specimen mechanism (3). The drainage mechanism (4) is disposed below the specimen mechanism (3) and is connected to the specimen mechanism (3) through a water pipe. The lifting mechanism (1) includes: a bottom plate (11), a plurality of struts (12), a displacement plate (14), a top plate (15), a plurality of motors (16), a plurality of gears (17), a plurality of chains (18) and a plurality of counterweights (19). The bottom plate (11) is a plate-like structure. The displacement plate (14) is a plate-like structure with a plurality of notches formed on its side edges. The top plate (15) is an annular plate-like structure. The struts (12) are rod-like structures. The upper and lower ends of the struts (12) are respectively connected to the bottom surface of the top plate (15) and the top surface of the bottom plate (11). The struts (12) penetrate through the displacement plate (14). The displacement plate (14) can move up and down between the bottom plate (11) and the top plate (15). The motors (16) are disposed on the top surface of the top plate (15). A plurality of the motors (16) are coaxially connected to a plurality of the gears (17) respectively. A plurality of the chains (18) respectively bypass above a plurality of the gears (17) and are respectively connected to a plurality of the gears (17). One end of each chain (18) is located inside the top plate (15), and the other end is located outside the top plate (15). The counterweights (19) are block-like structures. The chains (18) located inside the top plate (15) are connected to the top surface of the displacement plate (14), and the chains (18) located outside the top plate (15) are connected to the counterweights (19). A plurality of the counterweights (19) can respectively pass through a plurality of the notches formed on the side edges of the displacement plate (14). The specimen mechanism (3) includes: a specimen (31), an electronic scale (32), a heating tube (33), a temperature sensor (34), a water pressure gauge (35), a spray head (36), a liquid level tube (37), a gas valve (38) and a specimen chamber (39). The sample chamber (39) is of a hollow columnar structure. The telescopic water pipe (25) is connected through the top end of the sample chamber (39). The spray head (36) is installed on the inner wall of the top end of the sample chamber (39) and is connected to the telescopic water pipe (25). The electronic scale (32) is arranged in the middle of the inner wall of the bottom end of the sample chamber (39). The sample (31) is installed on the electronic scale (32). The heating pipe (33) is of a wavy tubular structure. The heating pipe (33) and the temperature sensor (34) are both arranged on the inner side wall of the sample chamber (39). The water pressure gauge (35) is arranged on the outer side wall of the sample chamber (39). The liquid level pipe (37) is of an L-shaped tubular structure. The short side of the liquid level pipe (37) is connected through the side wall of the lower end of the sample chamber (39). The long side of the liquid level pipe (37) is vertically arranged outside the sample chamber (39). The air valve (38) is arranged at the top end of the sample chamber (39).

2. The test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that The water inlet mechanism (2) includes: a water tank (21), a solution concentration regulator (22), an air compressor (23), a water inlet valve (24), and a telescopic water pipe (25); Both the water tank (21) and the solution concentration regulator (22) are installed on the top surface of the displacement plate (14). The air compressor (23) is installed at the top end of the water tank (21). The water tank (21) is arranged between the solution concentration regulator (22) and the water inlet valve (24). The water inlet valve (24) is arranged between the water tank (21) and the telescopic water pipe (25). Both between the water tank (21) and the water inlet valve (24) and between the water inlet valve (24) and the telescopic water pipe (25) are connected through water pipes.

3. The test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass according to claim 2, characterized in that, The solution concentration regulator (22) includes: a rotary valve (221), a screw rod (222), a water plug (223), a central water pipe (224), a communicating pipe (225), a solution bottle (226), a one-way valve (227), and a pressure baffle (228); The screw rod (222) is a rod-shaped structure with threads provided on its side wall. The top end and the bottom end of the screw rod (222) are respectively connected to the rotary valve (221) and the water plug (223). The central water pipe (224) is a horizontal tubular structure. The water plug (223) vertically penetrates the side wall of the top end of the central water pipe (224) and can move up and down inside the central water pipe (224). The one-way valve (227) is arranged at the end of the central water pipe (224) close to the water tank (21). The end of the central water pipe (224) far from the water tank (21) is connected to an external water source. The two ends of the one-way valve (227) are respectively connected to the side wall of the water tank (21) and the central water pipe (224). The solution bottle (226) is arranged below the central water pipe (224). The connecting pipe (225) is a Y-shaped tubular structure. The top end of the connecting pipe (225) is connected to the side wall of the bottom end of the central water pipe (224) through penetration. The connection position between the water plug (223) and the central water pipe (224) is located in the middle of the connection position between the connecting pipe (225) and the central water pipe (224). The bottom end of the connecting pipe (225) is arranged inside the solution bottle (226). The pressure baffle (228) is a plate-shaped structure adapted to the inner circle cross-section of the bottom end of the connecting pipe (225). The pressure baffle (228) is hinged to the inner wall of the bottom end of the connecting pipe (225).

4. The test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of drain holes (321) are provided on the side wall of the bottom end of the electronic scale (32). The drain holes (321) are through holes.

5. The test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage mechanism (4) includes: a filter barrel (41), a flow rate meter (42) and a water outlet valve (43). The flow rate meter (42) is arranged between the filter barrel (41) and the water outlet valve (43). The filter barrel (41) and the flow rate meter (42) are connected by a water pipe, and the flow rate meter (42) and the water outlet valve (43) are connected by a water pipe. The top end of the filter barrel (41) is connected to the middle of the bottom end of the specimen chamber (39) through a water pipe.

6. The test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filter barrel (41) is a hollow columnar structure. A filter screen (411) is provided on the inner side wall of the filter barrel (41). The filter screen (411) is adapted to the water pipe connecting the flow rate meter (42) and the filter barrel (41).

7. The test device for exploring the deterioration law of rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting mechanism (1) further includes a scale line (13). The scale line (13) is provided on the support column (12).

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