Multi-mode cooling equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a multi-component air conditioning device that provides variable cooling capacity. The device may include a main cooling unit and a heat rejection unit. The air may be processed visibly and adiabatically. By controlling the flow and volume of water, the device may condition the air to a variable temperature. This allows greater variability in capacity and temperature control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a cooling device, and more particularly, to a multi-mode cooling device having variable cooling capacity and multiple operating modes for conditioning air and water by controlling the flow rate and volume of water circulating in the device. Background Art

[0002] Conventional air cooling systems, or air conditioners (AC's), utilize a complex array of piping with a condenser and compressor. A circulating refrigerant, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), is forced into the compressor. Its subsequent release extracts heat from the surrounding air as it expands. These cooling systems consume large amounts of energy and are expensive to own and operate. Efforts are focused on alternative systems that are more environmentally friendly and cost-effective.

[0003] The temperature of dry air can be reduced by exploiting the phase change of liquid water to water vapor, i.e., evaporation. Evaporative cooling can be described as the addition of water vapor to the air, thereby reducing the temperature of the air. The energy required to evaporate the water is taken from the air in the form of sensible heat and converted into latent heat, while the enthalpy of the air remains constant. This conversion of sensible heat to latent heat is called an adiabatic process because it occurs at a constant enthalpy. Evaporative cooling, therefore, results in a decrease in the temperature of the air, proportional to the decrease in sensible heat, and an increase in humidity, proportional to the increase in latent heat.

[0004] Basic evaporative cooling systems use a fan and an evaporative medium. A low-pressure, high-volume air mover is mounted in an enclosure that contains a large-area porous evaporative pad. Outside air circulates through the system where it is cooled and humidified. Due to their simple design, evaporative cooling systems are more economical than vapor compression systems.

[0005] The cooling potential of evaporative cooling depends on the wet-bulb depression, which is the difference between the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature. Alternatives such as multi-stage evaporative coolers or dew-point coolers can be used to try to overcome this limitation. For example, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009 / 0031748 describes an evaporative cooling system that cools air to a temperature below the wet-bulb temperature. It includes a cooled liquid reservoir. It is said that cooler water evaporates more slowly, helping to improve the overall efficiency of the system. A rotating disk sprays the cooled water droplets upward so that the air is exposed to a mist curtain before leaving the chamber.

[0006] Likewise, patent application WO / 2017 / 138889 describes a system for cooling an outdoor space, the system comprising a main cooling module, a heat rejection module, a water management module and a control module. The main cooling module comprises an indirect evaporative cooling unit for precooling outside air by reducing sensible heat, and a direct evaporative cooling unit having a first evaporative medium for cooling the precooled air (or direct outside air) by evaporation of water to produce conditioned supply air having a wet bulb temperature lower than that of the outside air. The heat rejection module comprises a second evaporative medium for removing heat contained in water recovered from the indirect evaporative cooling unit, thereby producing cold water having a temperature almost equal to the wet bulb temperature of the incoming outside air.

[0007] Patent application WO / 2018 / 012970 describes a two-stage evaporative cooling device having a single central chamber divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by an adjustable divider. One or more heat exchange units surround the central chamber with an upper fan arranged above the upper chamber and a lower fan arranged below the lower chamber, with a single water circuit for guiding the water flow. Each heat exchange unit includes an evaporative cooling element and an air-to-water precooler, which is placed in front of the lower part of the cooling element, and the water circuit is arranged to irrigate the cooling element and collect the irrigation water under the cooling element for delivery to the precooler. The water management system and circulation only provide limited operating modes and variable cooling.

[0008] U.S. Patent No. 4,361,525 describes an apparatus for efficiently and economically cooling air by passing the air to be cooled sequentially through a cooling water heat exchanger mechanism and then through an evaporative cooler mechanism. The apparatus is also provided with a cooling water exchange device for reducing the temperature of the incoming outside air prior to evaporative cooling the incoming outside air in the manner described above. The water cooled by the evaporative principle is contained and collected in a sump of the cooler as it passes downward through the wet pad of the cooler. This cooling water is recirculated from the sump of the cooler through the heat exchanger unit and then delivered to the top of the wettable cooler pad.

[0009] Patent application No. WO / 2018 / 021967A1 describes an apparatus having a single fluid storage device for holding a certain volume of coolant, a cooling device with a heat exchanger, and a first evaporative medium arranged to be in fluid communication with the fluid storage device. The heat removal device includes a second evaporative medium arranged to be in fluid communication with the fluid storage device and the heat exchanger. The apparatus can operate in two modes. In the first mode, the first evaporative medium is activated to cool the air to a first temperature using the coolant. In the second mode, the first evaporative medium, the second evaporative medium and the heat exchanger are activated together to cool the air to a temperature lower than the first temperature.

[0010] While the above inventions provide alternatives to conventional air conditioning systems, there is still a need for an improved device design. Specifically, there is a need for an improved cooling device having optimized controls and operating modes to allow variable capacity and efficient temperature control for conditioning air and water. Summary of the invention

[0011] The following content is provided to facilitate understanding of some innovative features unique to the disclosed embodiments and is not intended to be a complete description. A full understanding of the various aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be obtained by considering the entire specification, claims, drawings, and abstract as a whole.

[0012] In one aspect, a device for cooling air and / or water is provided, the device comprising: a first liquid reservoir, the first liquid reservoir being used to hold a first water volume; a second liquid reservoir, the second liquid reservoir being used to hold a second water volume, wherein the first and second liquid reservoirs are fluidly connected to each other; a heat rejection unit, the heat rejection unit comprising at least one evaporative medium; a cooling unit, the cooling unit comprising at least one evaporative medium and at least one precooler; a first water circuit, the first water circuit fluidly connecting the at least one precooler and the at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit, the heat rejection unit, the first liquid reservoir and the second liquid reservoir; and a second water circuit, the second water circuit fluidly connecting the at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit and the second liquid reservoir.

[0013] In one embodiment, the first water volume is greater than the second water volume.

[0014] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises means for regulating the flow of water through each of the first and second water circuits to provide variable cooling.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first fluid reservoir is located within the heat rejection unit.

[0016] In one embodiment, the second reservoir is located within the cooling unit.

[0017] In one embodiment, the first water circuit and the second water circuit form a closed loop that circulates water out of the second reservoir and back again to recirculate through the apparatus.

[0018] In one embodiment, the first water circuit is configured to direct water from the first or second reservoir to the at least one pre-cooler, then to the at least one evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit, and then to the first reservoir.

[0019] In one embodiment, the second water circuit is configured to direct water from the second reservoir to the at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit and then circulate back to the second reservoir.

[0020] In one embodiment, the apparatus is operable between four modes for variable cooling of air and / or water.

[0021] In one embodiment, the apparatus is operable: in a first mode, both the first water circuit and the second water circuit are operable to circulate water therethrough; in a second mode, only the first water circuit is operable to circulate water therethrough; in a third mode, only the second water circuit is operable to circulate water therethrough; and in a fourth mode, neither the first water circuit nor the second water circuit is operable.

[0022] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises a pump coupled to the first and second water circuits.

[0023] In one embodiment, the means for regulating the flow of water comprises valves and / or flow restrictions to regulate the flow rate and / or volume of water circulating through the first and / or second water circuits.

[0024] In one embodiment, the heat removal unit surrounds the first central chamber.

[0025] In one embodiment, the cooling unit surrounds the second central chamber.

[0026] In one embodiment, the cooling unit and the heat removal unit may be configured to be stacked on each other or separated from each other (ie, in a first position and a second position).

[0027] In one embodiment, each of the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit is coupled to a variable fan.

[0028] In a second aspect, a device for cooling air and / or water is provided, the device comprising: a first liquid reservoir, the first liquid reservoir being used to hold a first water volume; a second liquid reservoir, the second liquid reservoir being used to hold a second water volume; a heat rejection unit, the heat rejection unit comprising at least one evaporative medium; a cooling unit, the cooling unit comprising at least one evaporative medium and at least one precooler; a first water circuit, the first water circuit fluidly connecting the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit, wherein the first liquid reservoir is in fluid communication with the at least one precooler of the cooling unit; and a second water circuit, the second water circuit fluidly connecting the at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit to the second liquid reservoir.

[0029] In one embodiment, the first water circuit is configured to circulate water from the first reservoir to the at least one pre-cooler, then to the evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit, and then back to the first reservoir.

[0030] In one embodiment, the second water circuit is configured to circulate water from the second reservoir to the evaporative medium of the cooling unit and then back to the second reservoir.

[0031] In one embodiment, the first reservoir is located within the heat rejection unit and the second reservoir is located within the cooling unit.

[0032] In one embodiment, the apparatus further comprises two pumps, wherein one pump is coupled to each of the first and second water circuits.

[0033] In one embodiment, each of the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit is coupled to a variable fan.

[0034] In a third aspect, a method for conditioning air and / or water is provided, the method comprising the steps of: starting the device disclosed herein to direct outside air through the device; adjusting the operating mode to control the water flow and volume through the device to provide variable cooling, wherein the operating mode includes four operating modes; and exhausting hot air and cold air out of the device.

[0035] In one embodiment, the water flow and volume of at least one of the first reservoir, the heat rejection unit, the second reservoir, a pre-cooler in a main cooling unit, and an evaporative porous medium in a main cooling unit are regulated.

[0036] In one embodiment, the water flow is adjusted to "cryogenic mode" so that water flows through all circuits.

[0037] In one embodiment, the water flow is adjusted to a "dry cooling mode" so that the water flows through the pre-cooler in the main cooling unit and then passes through the heat rejection unit.

[0038] In one embodiment, water flow is adjusted to an "adiabatic cooling mode" so that water flows through the evaporative porous media in the primary cooling unit.

[0039] In one embodiment, the water flow is regulated to a "fan mode" with no water flow through either water circuit.

[0040] In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the water flow based on the desired temperature and / or humidity of the air being conditioned.

[0041] In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of exhausting air from the heat extraction unit away from the collection area.

[0042] In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of regulating the air flow with one or more variable flow fans.

[0043] In one embodiment, the water flow through the heat rejection is adjusted to be greater than the water flow through the primary cooling unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] When read together with the attached drawings, the above content and the detailed description of the following illustrative embodiments are better understood. For the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure, the exemplary structure of the present disclosure is shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific methods and tools disclosed herein. In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not drawn to scale. Wherever possible, similar elements are represented by the same numerals.

[0045] Figure 1A A cross-sectional view of the components (stacked or joined) of a variable capacity cooling device is depicted, along with a heat rejection unit above a primary cooling unit, and air flow through the components of the variable capacity cooling device is shown.

[0046] Figure 1B Depicted are cross-sectional views of components of a variable capacity cooling device, separated from one another but still in fluid communication with one another, and air flow through the components of the variable capacity cooling device.

[0047] Figure 1C A cross-sectional view of the components (stacked or joined) of a variable capacity cooling device is depicted, along with a primary cooling unit above a heat rejection unit, and air flow through the components of the variable capacity cooling device is shown.

[0048] Figure 2ASchematic diagram of the water circuits in a variable capacity cooling plant, where the flow of water through the first water circuit is represented by a bold line. An "X" indicates a restriction or deactivation of the flow.

[0049] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of the water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device, in which Figure 2A The water flow in the first water circuit of the alternative embodiment is indicated by a bold line. An "X" indicates deactivation of the pump.

[0050] Figure 3A is based on Figure 2A Schematic diagram of a water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device of an embodiment of the invention, wherein the water flow through the second water circuit is represented by a bold line. An "X" indicates a restriction or deactivation of the flow.

[0051] Figure 3B is based on Figure 2B Schematic diagram of a water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device of an embodiment of the invention, wherein the water flow through the second water circuit is represented by a bold line. An "X" represents the deactivation of a pump.

[0052] Figure 4A is based on Figure 2A and Figure 3A Schematic diagram of a water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device of an embodiment, wherein the MCU unit is positioned below the HRU unit, wherein the water flow through the first and second water circuits is represented by bold lines.

[0053] Figure 4B is based on Figure 2A and Figure 3A Schematic diagram of a water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device of an embodiment, wherein the MCU unit is positioned above the HRU unit, wherein the water flow through the first and second water circuits is represented by bold lines.

[0054] Figure 4C is based on Figure 2B and Figure 3B Schematic diagram of a water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device of an embodiment, wherein the MCU unit is positioned below the HRU unit, wherein the water flow through the first and second water circuits is represented by bold lines.

[0055] Figure 4D is based on Figure 2B and Figure 3B Schematic diagram of a water circuit in a variable capacity cooling device of an embodiment, wherein the MCU unit is positioned above the HRU unit, wherein the water flow through the first and second water circuits is represented by bold lines.

[0056] Figure 5 is a flow chart depicting a control and operating method for regulating the output of a variable capacity cooling device.

[0057] Detailed description of the invention

[0058] definition

[0059] The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meaning in the art, in the context of the present disclosure, and in the specific context in which each term is used. Certain terms used to describe the present disclosure are discussed below or elsewhere in the specification to provide additional guidance to practitioners regarding the description of the present disclosure. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example, using italics and / or quotation marks. The use of highlighting has no effect on the scope and meaning of the term; in the same context, the scope and meaning of the term are the same whether or not it is highlighted. It should be appreciated that the same thing can be expressed in more than one way.

[0060] Therefore, alternative language and synonyms can be used for any one or more terms discussed herein. It is also not of any special significance whether the term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms for a term are provided. The description of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in this specification, including examples of any term discussed herein, is merely illustrative and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the present disclosure or any exemplary term. Likewise, the present disclosure is not limited to the various embodiments given in this specification.

[0061] In the absence of any intention to further limit the scope of the present disclosure, the following provides examples of tools, equipment, methods and related results according to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Note that, for the convenience of the reader, titles or subtitles may be used in the examples, which should never limit the scope of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are the same as those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. In the event of a conflict, the present document including the definition will prevail.

[0062] The term "adiabatic" refers to a process in which no heat or mass transfer occurs between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings. In an adiabatic process, energy is transferred only to its surroundings as work (e.g., vaporization of water).

[0063] The term "ambient" refers to the conditions of the outside air at a location at or near the cooling devices disclosed herein.

[0064] The term "damper" refers to any device or component that can be moved to control (e.g., increase or decrease) the flow of air or liquid through a duct or passage. Embodiments of dampers include plates, blades, panels, or discs, or any combination thereof. A damper can include multiple elements. For example, a damper can include a series of plates parallel to each other that can rotate simultaneously to close a duct.

[0065] The term "dew point temperature" refers to the temperature at which air must be cooled in order for it to become saturated with water. Air normally contains a certain amount of water vapor. The maximum amount of water vapor that air can hold depends on the temperature of the air, sometimes called the dry bulb temperature (T db ).

[0066] "Dry bulb temperature" refers to the temperature displayed by a thermometer exposed to air in a place away from radiation and moisture. The term "dry bulb" is often added to the temperature to distinguish it from the wet bulb temperature and dew point temperature.

[0067] The term "evaporative medium" refers to a porous material that allows water to evaporate relatively unhindered into the air. For example, a piece of cotton cloth can be used to allow water to evaporate into the ambient air. The evaporation behavior in a layered porous medium is affected by the thickness and sequence of the layers and the capillary properties of each layer.

[0068] The term "heat exchanger" refers to a device for transferring heat between two or more fluids and / or gases. The fluids may be separated by solid walls to prevent mixing; or they may be in direct contact with each other. As used herein, temperature change is distinctly achieved with a heat exchanger.

[0069] The term "precooler" refers to a device such as a heat exchanger that is used to significantly cool an incoming airflow and transfer heat to water pumped therethrough. Specifically, the precooler can be used to transfer thermal energy from one medium (i.e., ambient air) to another medium (i.e., water supply) for the purpose of conditioning the air. The precooler can include any suitable heat exchange structure known in the art. It will be appreciated that the precooler can be constructed so that it has a high specific surface area.

[0070] The term "apparent" refers to heat exchanged by an object or thermodynamic system, where the exchange of heat changes the temperature of the object or system and some macroscopic variable of the object or system, but leaves some other macroscopic variable of the object or system (such as volume or pressure) unchanged.

[0071] The "wet-bulb temperature difference" refers to the difference between the dry-bulb temperature and the wet-bulb temperature.

[0072] The term "wet bulb temperature" refers to the temperature read by a thermometer covered in a cloth soaked with water, through which air passes. At 100% relative humidity, the wet bulb temperature is equal to the air temperature, and is lower at lower humidities. It can be defined as the temperature of a parcel of air cooled to saturation (100% relative humidity) by the evaporation of water into it, the latent heat being supplied by the parcel. The wet bulb temperature is the lowest temperature that can be reached under the current external conditions by the evaporation of water alone.

[0073] The term "valve" refers to any valve that can regulate, direct or control the flow of fluid by opening, closing or partially blocking various passages in a water circuit.

[0074] The term "flow restriction device" refers to a device that can restrict the flow of fluid through a water circuit to reduce the flow rate or volume of water through the water circuit.

[0075] All numerical expressions, such as temperature, time, concentration and weight, including ranges, are to be understood as approximations according to conventional practice in the art. When used herein, the term "about" can mean a variation of (+) or (-) 1%, 5%, 10% of the amount, depending on the context given.

[0076] Other technical terms used herein have ordinary meanings in the fields in which they are used, as exemplified by various technical dictionaries. The specific values ​​and configurations discussed in these non-limiting embodiments may vary, and these specific values ​​and configurations are cited only to illustrate at least one embodiment, and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.

[0077] Digital reference features

[0078] To facilitate cross-reference between structural features illustrated in the accompanying drawings and the accompanying description provided herein, the following numerical index is provided.

[0079] 100-Cooling equipment

[0080] 110-Heat Removal Unit (HRU)

[0081] 120-Main Cooling Unit (MCU)

[0082] 130-Exhaust fan

[0083] 140-Evaporation medium

[0084] 150-Precooler (heat exchanger)

[0085] 160-Pump

[0086] 170-supply fan

[0087] 180-First liquid reservoir

[0088] 190-Second reservoir

[0089] 200-Valve

[0090] 210-First water circuit

[0091] 220-Second water circuit

[0092] DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0093] The specific values ​​and configurations discussed in these non-limiting examples may vary, and these specific values ​​and configurations are cited only to illustrate at least one embodiment and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Although the present invention is described for conditioning air exhausted to a room or gathering place, it should be understood that the present invention is not so limited and that the present invention can be used to assist in other types of applications where air conditioning is required. Other applications include, for example, using the apparatus disclosed herein to condition the air of a controlled environment. It can be used to cool food or other perishable materials in place of conventional refrigerants. It can condition air and / or remove heat from industrial settings and / or areas with electronic circuits that generate heat. The present invention can also be reduced or enlarged for intended use. In addition, it can be used to condition fluids / water for consumption and / or applications that use cooling fluids / water.

[0094] "One embodiment / aspect" or "embodiment / aspect" mentioned in this specification means that the specific features, structures or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment / aspect are included in at least one embodiment / aspect of the present disclosure. The use of the phrases "in one embodiment / aspect" or "in another embodiment / aspect" in various places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / aspect, nor are separate or alternative embodiments / aspects mutually exclusive with other embodiments / aspects. In addition, the various features described may be exhibited by some embodiments / aspects but not by other embodiments / aspects. Similarly, the various requirements described may be requirements for some embodiments / aspects but not by other embodiments / aspects. Embodiments and aspects may be used interchangeably in some cases.

[0095] The present disclosure relates to a cooling device that provides multiple modes of operation by selectively controlling the flow of water through a cooling element through separate circuits. This selective control increases the volume of water flowing therethrough for increased heat transfer, effectively circulates the water through the device, and thereby produces advantageous variable cooling of air and / or water.

[0096] The apparatus disclosed herein can apply two types of air conditioning mechanisms. The first applies a precooler that uses sensible heat reduction to cool the air and transfer the heat to the water pumped through it. The precooler can use a heat exchanger with a series of pipes or tubes to increase its surface area with the air. The outside air contacts the heat exchanger surface with a lower temperature. The temperature difference between the hot outside air and the heat exchanger causes the transfer of heat. The second applies an evaporative medium to adiabatically cool the air and the cooling water pumped through it. Adiabatic cooling occurs as the surface water evaporates. By the evaporation of water, sensible heat is converted into latent heat. Therefore, the temperature of the passing air is reduced by the increase of its humidity. The combination of these conditioning mechanisms makes the outlet supply air temperature lower than the pre-treated wet bulb temperature.

[0097] As water flows through the evaporative porous media, an additional benefit is that the temperature of the water is reduced through evaporative cooling. Just as heat is removed from the air to evaporate the water, heat is also removed from the water that does not evaporate in the evaporative medium. Therefore, the resulting non-evaporating water will experience a drop in temperature. The longer the same body of water completes the evaporative cooling process, the lower the water temperature. However, the temperature drop is still limited to the wet bulb temperature of the air passing over the water surface. More specifically, when referring to the cooling of water in the evaporative medium, the temperature of the water will be the highest in the early stage of the evaporative medium, and as it continues to flow through the evaporative medium and then flows out, the temperature gradually reaches the wet bulb temperature limit.

[0098] In one embodiment, the apparatus may generally include a cooling unit, a heat rejection unit, a water management system, and a control system.

[0099] The device disclosed herein can be contained in a housing or shell. Alternatively, the cooling unit and the heat removal unit can be contained in separate housings or shells. Each housing or shell can have one or more outlets and an outer edge, and an inlet opening for incoming air to flow through is provided on the side of the outer edge. The outer edge may include a removable filter located across the inlet opening. The housing and the filter can be formed of any suitable material in the art. The size of the housing can be of any shape and size, but any technician in the art will understand that the size of the device depends largely on the required air flow and cooling capacity, and the size of the device is proportional to the air flow and cooling capacity to some extent.

[0100] The cooling unit may sensibly and adiabatically condition incoming air, as well as produce chilled water. The heat rejection unit may remove heat from circulating water to produce chilled water. The water management system provides circulating water to the cooling unit and heat rejection unit, and may include pipes / tubes, pumps, valves, flow restrictors to form fluid paths / loops. The control system may include a processor having logic operations for the device and a series of input conditions and output requirements.

[0101] The device may be configured and arranged as a stand-alone unit with all components contained in a housing having an air inlet for drawing in ambient air and an exhaust for discharging conditioned air. The device may also include components commonly found in the art to monitor and control air flow and temperature, such as circuits, fans, valves, flow restrictors, ducts, filters, and user interfaces.

[0102] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C Some components of a cooling device 100 according to one embodiment are depicted. The device may include a main cooling unit (MCU) 120, a heat rejection unit (HRU) 110, a water management system, and a control system (not shown). A precooler (i.e., a heat exchanger) 150, an evaporative medium 140, a first reservoir 180, a second reservoir 190, a supply fan 170, and an exhaust fan 130 are also depicted. Arrows show the direction of airflow into, through, and out of the cooling unit and heat rejection unit of the device.

[0103] The supply fan 170 and the exhaust fan 130 drive outside air into and through the device. Outside air flows into the main cooling unit 120 and the heat removal unit 110, and is processed in the main cooling unit 120 and the heat removal unit 110. The air entering the main cooling unit 120 passes through the precooler 150 and then passes through the evaporative medium 140, and then the air is led out of the device as conditioned air. The air entering the heat removal unit 110 passes through the evaporative medium 140 and is led out of the device as an exhaust airflow.

[0104] The conditioned air can be directed to one or more users, and the exhaust airflow can be directed in different directions. In one embodiment, the conditioned air is directed to an area within a room or structure, and the exhaust airflow can be directed to the external environment. The device can also process air in an outdoor environment, in which case the conditioned air is directed to one or more individuals in the gathering area.

[0105] Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1CAn apparatus is depicted in which the components are arranged in a square base, wherein the cooling and heat removal units are square, each unit having a central chamber. However, it should be appreciated that the cooling and heat removal units can be formed in other shapes, such as a pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal base, with five, six, and eight sides, respectively. In another embodiment, the apparatus can be arranged in a circle with continuous sides. Regardless of the shape of the apparatus, the cooling unit and the heat removal unit can each include a central chamber.

[0106] For economic reasons, it may be desirable to have a device with a square base form. Having a square base form will mean that the components can be made modular and interchangeable. It also simplifies the layout and structure, which ultimately leads to cost savings. Therefore, in one embodiment, the device can be arranged in a square shape with four sides.

[0107] In one embodiment, if Figure 1A As shown, the cooling unit 120 may form a base with the heat removal unit 110 above. However, the apparatus may operate with alternative arrangements of the units. For example, the heat removal unit 110 may form a base with the cooling unit 110 above, such as Figure 1C Alternatively, the heat removal unit 110 and the cooling unit 120 may be positioned separately from each other but still in fluid communication with each other. For example, the heat removal unit 110 and the cooling unit 120 may be positioned side by side (ie, coplanar), as shown. Figure 1B shown.

[0108] Figure 1B An arrangement is depicted in which the components of the cooling apparatus 100 are positioned side by side with one another, according to one embodiment. The main cooling unit (MCU) 120 is separate from the heat rejection unit (HRU) 110. In this regard, the main cooling unit (MCU) 120 can be separated from the heat rejection unit (HRU) 110 by a desired distance, or positioned adjacent (i.e., side by side) such that the units are proximate to one another. It should be appreciated that the units can be positioned on the same plane, or at different heights relative to one another. A water management system maintains fluid connection between the MCU and the HRU. As shown in FIG. Figure 1A , also depicted are a precooler 150, an evaporative medium 140, a first liquid reservoir 180, a second liquid reservoir 190, a supply fan 170, and an exhaust fan 130. Arrows show the direction of airflow into, through, and out of the cooling unit and heat rejection unit of the device.

[0109] In this regard, the apparatus disclosed herein can be formed of modular, separate parts defining a cooling unit and a heat rejection unit that can be arranged in a desired configuration depending on the installation area. For example, when overall height is an issue for installation or positioning of the apparatus, the heat rejection unit 110 and the cooling unit 120 can be positioned away from or close to each other (i.e., side by side) at a desired distance. It should be appreciated that in all configurations and arrangements of the heat rejection unit 110 and the cooling unit 120 relative to each other, they will remain fluidly connected to each other through the water management system.

[0110] Therefore, one advantage of a multi-unit system is versatility. The main cooling unit and the heat rejection unit can be placed away from each other to accommodate limited space. In addition, the heat rejection unit can be positioned so that the exhaust airflow is directed outside the residential unit or other air conditioning area. The supply fan 170 and the exhaust fan 130 drive outside air into the device. The incoming airflow or outside air is depicted by arrows. These air flows enter the cooling unit 120 and the heat rejection unit 110, where they are processed. The air entering the main cooling unit passes through the precooler 150 (one on each side) and through the evaporative medium 140, and then the air is led out of the device as conditioned supply air. The air entering the heat rejection unit passes through the evaporative medium 140 and then is led out of the device as an exhaust airflow.

[0111] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B , FIG. 3A to FIG. 3B and FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D 1 depicts water flow between a main cooling unit (MCU) 120 and a heat rejection unit (HRU) 100. The fluid communication between these units includes a first water loop 210 that circulates water from a reservoir. A second water loop 220 is also depicted that enables fluid communication between the reservoir and the evaporative medium 140 of the MCU. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B , FIG. 3A to FIG. 3B and FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D The arrows in the illustrations represent the direction of water flow through the equipment components, and accordingly, these arrows are not intended to reflect the point of entry or exit of water into or out of the equipment components. For example, the arrows in these figures include water being fed into or out of the components at the top, bottom or side of the components, but are not limited thereto.

[0112] The water flow through the water circuits can be optimized to provide variable cooling. For example, the water flow through the first water circuit can be 5-10 times higher than the flow rate of the second water circuit. The higher water flow through the heat rejection unit allows the system to transfer more heat from the main cooling unit to the heat rejection unit to be rejected as the exhaust airflow.

[0113] In one embodiment, the apparatus may include means for regulating the flow rate and / or volume of water through the first and second water circuits. In one embodiment, the means for regulating the flow rate and / or volume of water may be a valve and / or a flow restriction.

[0114] In one embodiment, the difference in water flow rate can be achieved by changing the opening size of the valves connected to one or both water circuits. In the case where the first and second water circuits are connected to each other, the configuration of the valves can be simpler, where changing the valve opening of one circuit will cause more or less water to flow through the other circuit (i.e., restricting the water flowing through the second water circuit will cause more water to flow through the first water circuit). In the case where the first and second water circuits are not connected, the valves connected to the separate circuits can be changed independently, or simply by adjusting the flow rate of the pumps connected to the water circuits without the use of any valves.

[0115] In one embodiment, the difference in water flow rate can be achieved by a flow restriction device, which can be connected to the first or second water circuit. For example, if the flow restriction device is installed in the second water circuit, the water flow rate through the water circuit will be lower than the water flow rate through the first water circuit by default. The flow restriction device can be a flow restriction valve or a flow restrictor.

[0116] Adjusting the water flow through the individual water circuits can vary the cooling capacity of the equipment. For example, the water to the evaporative medium entering the main cooling unit can be turned off. This provides cooler supply air without increasing the moisture content, as there is no adiabatic cooling.

[0117] - Main Cooling Unit (MCU)

[0118] The main cooling unit 120 may include at least one precooler and at least one evaporative medium to condition the air. The precooler includes one or more air-water heat exchangers to significantly condition the air. In one embodiment, one or more sides of the cooling unit may be connected to a precooler and an evaporative medium. For example, in one embodiment, the cooling unit is square, and each of the four sides of the unit may be connected to a precooler and an evaporative medium, so that the cooling unit may include four precoolers and four evaporative media.

[0119] In another embodiment, when the cooling unit is square, three sides of the unit can be connected to one precooler and one evaporative medium, so that the cooling unit can include three precoolers and three evaporative mediums. In another embodiment, two sides of the unit can be connected to one precooler and one evaporative medium, so that the cooling unit can include two precoolers and two evaporative mediums. In yet another embodiment, one side of the unit can be connected to one precooler and one evaporative medium, so that the cooling unit can include one precooler and one evaporative medium.

[0120] In one embodiment, each precooler can be positioned in front of each evaporative medium on each side of the unit relative to the directional flow of incoming ambient air. In one embodiment, the lengths of the precooler and the evaporative medium are the same, so that the precooler covers the front surface of the evaporative medium.

[0121] In one embodiment, the cooling unit may be formed in a square shape with four sides, whereby each side may be connected to a pre-cooler positioned in front of an evaporative medium.

[0122] The supply fan forces outside air (i.e., incoming air) into the primary cooling unit and circulates the air therein. In one embodiment, the supply fan can be a variable fan with an adjustable fan speed to vary the cooling capacity and airflow volume through the cooling unit.

[0123] Depending on the arrangement of the cooling unit relative to the heat removal unit, for example, above or below, the supply fan can be positioned at the bottom or top of the cooling unit accordingly to direct air downward or upward, respectively. Figure 1A and Figure 1C as shown in .

[0124] After the outside air enters the main cooling unit, it is cooled significantly as it passes through the precooler. Significant air conditioning occurs when heat is transferred between the water or another fluid pumped through the precooler and the outside air. The air then flows through the evaporative medium. The water flows through the evaporative medium, cooling the air adiabatically by the vaporization of the water, whereby the incoming air passes over the wet surface of the evaporative medium, where the water is heated and evaporates, resulting in adiabatic cooling. Therefore, the temperature of the passing air is reduced by the increase in its humidity.

[0125] - Heat Removal Unit (HRU)

[0126] The heat removal unit 110 may include at least one evaporative medium. The evaporative medium of the heat removal unit may be separate from the evaporative medium of the cooling unit such that the device does not include a single evaporative medium flowing through the heat removal unit and the cooling unit.

[0127] In one embodiment, each side of the heat removal unit can be connected to one evaporative medium. For example, in an embodiment where the heat removal unit is square, each of the four sides of the unit can be connected to one evaporative medium, so that the heat removal unit will include four evaporative media.

[0128] In another embodiment, where the heat removal unit is square, three sides of the unit may be connected to one evaporation medium, so that the unit may include three evaporation media. In another embodiment, two sides of the unit may be connected to one evaporation medium, so that the unit may include two evaporation media. In another embodiment, one side of the unit may be connected to one evaporation medium, so that the unit may include one evaporation medium.

[0129] In one embodiment, the heat removal unit may be formed in a square shape with four sides, whereby each side may be connected to one evaporation medium.

[0130] The function of the heat rejection unit is to remove heat from the circulating water of the first water loop and generate cold water to flow back to the first reservoir and then back to the second reservoir. The water management system disclosed herein can control the water flow through the heat rejection unit independently of the water flow through the main cooling unit. The higher water flow through the heat rejection unit allows the system to transfer more heat from the MCU precooler side to the HRU side to be discharged / regenerated. Therefore, the water flow through the heat rejection unit can be larger than the water flow through the main cooling unit. In some embodiments, the water flow through the heat rejection unit is about 10% larger than the water flow through the main cooling unit. In other embodiments, the flow is about 25%, about 50%, about 75%, about 100% or about 150%. In other embodiments, the water flow through the heat rejection unit is about 2 times, about 3 times, about 4 times, about 5 times, about 6 times, about 7 times, about 8 times, about 9 times, about 10 times, or about 15 times higher than the water flow through the main cooling unit.

[0131] In one embodiment, the heat removal unit may include an exhaust fan or other device to exhaust air and away from the unit. The exhaust fan draws the air through the evaporative medium to promote the evaporative cooling process. The hot exhaust air generated is directed away from the device. In one embodiment, the exhaust fan can be a variable fan with an adjustable fan speed to change the volume of airflow through the heat removal unit.

[0132] Depending on the arrangement of the heat removal unit relative to the cooling unit, such as above or below, the exhaust fan will be positioned at the bottom or top of the heat removal unit accordingly to direct air downward or upward, respectively. Figure 1A and 1C as shown in .

[0133] - Water Management System

[0134] In order for the cooling apparatus disclosed herein to significantly and adiabatically condition the intake air and produce chilled water, a water management system for fluidly connecting the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit may be included.

[0135] In this regard, the water management system may include at least one water circuit for fluidly connecting at least one reservoir to the evaporative medium of the precooler and cooling unit and the evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit. It should be appreciated that suitable suitable fluids or coolants other than water may be used in the apparatus disclosed herein. One or more pumps may generate pressure to drive liquid through at least one water circuit.

[0136] In one embodiment, the water management system may include at least two reservoirs. In particular, the water management system may include a first reservoir and a second reservoir. The first and second reservoirs may store water for the heat rejection unit and the main cooling unit, respectively.

[0137] The first reservoir may be located in the heat rejection unit and in fluid communication with the main cooling unit. The second reservoir may be located in the main cooling unit and in fluid communication with the evaporative medium of the main cooling unit. In some embodiments, the second reservoir may additionally be in fluid communication with a precooler.

[0138] In one embodiment, the first and second reservoirs can be positioned below the evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit and the main cooling unit, respectively. However, it should be appreciated that the first and second reservoirs can be positioned elsewhere in the respective units as long as the water flow from the evaporative medium can be collected for storage.

[0139] The first reservoir 180 can be a single container across the base or bottom of the heat rejection unit to collect water from the evaporative medium 140 in the heat rejection unit. The second reservoir 190 can be a single container across the base or bottom of the main cooling unit to collect water from the evaporative medium 140 in the main cooling unit.

[0140] In one embodiment, each unit has only one container / collector. In one embodiment, each of the first and second reservoirs has only one container. Figures 1A to 1C The water containers of each respective reservoir are illustrated as separate containers solely for the purpose of illustrating the uninterrupted path of air through the device and are not intended to illustrate that the reservoir comprises multiple separate containers.

[0141] As will be appreciated, the arrangement and positioning of the first and second reservoirs within the unit and relative to the evaporative medium may depend on the positioning of the exhaust / supply fans at the base or bottom of the unit or at the top of the unit.

[0142] In one embodiment, if Figure 2A and Figure 4A -B, the first reservoir and the second reservoir are in fluid communication with each other. The fluid communication between the reservoirs allows any excess water generated in the device to be transferred or distributed between the two reservoirs. In particular, water stored in the first reservoir 180 can flow to the second reservoir 190, and vice versa. Such fluid communication and connection between the reservoirs enables the device to achieve higher efficiency through additional heat regeneration capacity of the evaporative medium in the cooling unit relative to if these reservoirs were not fluidly connected.

[0143] The size and configuration of the first and second reservoirs may depend largely on the positioning of the unit and the positioning of the fan.

[0144] As will be appreciated, the flow of water between the reservoirs may depend on the positioning of the MCU and HRU units relative to each other. It makes sense to minimize the number of components required within the system and to use the assistance of gravity where possible.

[0145] Therefore, in the case where the MCU is placed under the HRU, such as Figure 1C and Figure 4A , water can flow from the first reservoir 180 to the second reservoir 190 and then circulate in the water loop. However, in the case where the MCU is placed on the HRU, such as Figure 1A and Figure 4B , water can flow from the second liquid reservoir 190 to the first liquid reservoir 180 and then circulate in the water circuit.

[0146] In an alternative configuration, such as Figure 2B and FIG. 4C to FIG. 4D As shown, the first reservoir 180 and the second reservoir 190 do not need to be connected to each other or in fluid communication with each other. Therefore, in one embodiment, the first reservoir and the second reservoir are not in fluid communication with each other. In particular, the first reservoir 180 can be in direct fluid communication with the precooler 150 of the main cooling unit 120. In the case where the MCU and the HRU need to be separated relative to each other, this configuration and the lack of fluid communication between the reservoirs are advantageous. In this case, it is preferred to limit the need for additional piping, which connects the two reservoirs to circulate water from one reservoir to another reservoir by mechanical means, which will generate higher operating and capital costs. Nevertheless, it should be appreciated that the positioning of the MCU and HRU units adjacent to each other or far apart does not exclude fluid connection between the reservoirs.

[0147] In one embodiment, the water management system may include at least two water circuits to allow fluid communication and connection between the components of the cooling unit and the heat removal unit and the reservoirs. In combination or individually, the at least two circuits may form a closed loop, allowing water to circulate around the unit from the first and / or second reservoirs and return to the first and / or second reservoirs for subsequent recirculation. Thus, in one embodiment, the at least two water circuits may form a closed loop system.

[0148] It will be appreciated that the design of the water circuit can be based on Figure 1A , Figure 1B and Figure 1C Modifications to the physical arrangement of equipment and components. In particular, FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D As shown, the arrangement of the water circuit and the connections to the components may be modified depending on whether the MCU unit is positioned above or below the HRU unit.

[0149] In one embodiment, the at least two loops may include a first water loop 210 and a second water loop 220. In one embodiment, the first water loop and the second water loop may each form a closed loop system. In another embodiment, the first water loop and the second water loop are combined to form a closed loop system.

[0150] The loop may fluidly connect the components of the water management system (cooling components and reservoir) through pipes, conduits or tubes that provide a substantially fluid-tight passage for water to pass therethrough. As will be readily appreciated in the art, the water management system may include conventional components for achieving water circulation and management and regulating the flow of water through the loop, such as pumps, valves and flow restriction devices.

[0151] In one embodiment, the volume of water flow through each of the first and second water loops can be adjusted to provide variable cooling capacity. For example, the volume of water flow directed to the evaporative medium in the heat rejection unit can be increased relative to the volume of water flow directed to the evaporative medium in the cooling unit. This variable volume of water through the first and second water loops allows the device to transfer more heat from the precooler to the heat rejection unit for removal / regeneration. Specifically, a higher volume of water flow of the evaporative medium to the heat rejection unit compared to the evaporative medium in the cooling unit can increase the heat transfer from the precooler to the heat rejection unit.

[0152] In one embodiment, the volume of water flowing through the first water circuit may be at least equal to or greater than the volume of water flowing through the second water circuit. In one embodiment, the volume of water flowing through the second water circuit may be sufficient to at least keep the evaporative medium in a wet state.

[0153] The regulation of the water flow through each of the first and second water circuits may be achieved by means for regulating the water flow rate. The means for regulating the water flow rate may include, but is not limited to, at least one pump, valve and / or flow restriction device.

[0154] Thus, in one embodiment, the water management system may include at least one pump connected to the first and second water circuits to drive water from the first and / or second reservoirs through the first and second water circuits.

[0155] In one embodiment, the apparatus may include a single pump connected to the first and second water circuits to drive water through a shared flow line (a). In another embodiment, the apparatus may include two pumps, each connected to one of the first and second water circuits, for driving water through separate flow lines. In one embodiment, the at least one pump may be a variable speed pump.

[0156] In one embodiment, the first and second water circuits may be fluidly connected to each other such that they share a flow line for directing water from the first or second reservoir, such as Figure 2A , Figure 3A and FIG. 4A to FIG. 4B as shown in .

[0157] Figure 2A An exemplary embodiment of a first water loop 210 (bold line) is depicted, which fluidly connects the cooling unit 120, the heat rejection unit 110, the first reservoir 180, and the second reservoir 190 via flow lines. In one embodiment, the first water loop can be arranged to circulate fluid from the second reservoir 190 to the precooler 150 via flow line (a), then to the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit 110 via flow line (b), then to the first reservoir 180 via flow line (c), and then to the second reservoir 190 via flow line (d).

[0158] Figure 3A An exemplary embodiment of a second water loop 220 (bold line) is depicted, which fluidly connects the cooling unit 120 and the second reservoir 190. In one embodiment, the second water loop 220 can be arranged to circulate water from the second reservoir 190 to the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit 120 via flow lines (a and a-1), and then to the second reservoir 190 via flow line (d-1).

[0159] Figure 4A Depicted Figure 2A and Figure 3A An embodiment of the water circuit in which the MCU unit 120 is positioned below the HRU unit 110.

[0160] Figure 4B Depicted Figure 2A , Figure 3A and Figure 4A An embodiment of a water circuit in which the MCU unit 120 is positioned above the HRU unit 110 so that the positioning of the first reservoir 180 and the second reservoir 190 are exchanged with each other. In this embodiment, the first water circuit can be arranged to circulate fluid from the first reservoir 180 to the precooler 150, then to the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit 110, and then to the first reservoir 180. The second water circuit 220 fluidly connects the cooling unit 120 and the second reservoir 190. In addition, the second water circuit 220 can be arranged to circulate water from the first reservoir 180 to the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit 120, and then to the second reservoir 190. In this embodiment, the two reservoirs are in fluid communication so that water flows from the second reservoir 190 into the first reservoir 180.

[0161] In one embodiment, the water management system may include at least one valve 200 connected to the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 to selectively operate and control the flow of water from the second reservoir 190 through the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220. In one embodiment, the valve may be a control valve.

[0162] In one embodiment, the selective operation and circulation of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 may include valve 200 and pump 160, such as Figure 4A and Figure 4B The valve 200 and / or the pump 160 can regulate the pressure and flow through the flow line, pipe or tube.

[0163] The valve 200 can be controlled to divert, "bypass" or "drain" water from flow line (a) to drive the water to the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit 120 via flow line (a-1). In one embodiment, the water management system can include a valve to enable selective operation and circulation of water flow through the first water loop 210 and / or the second water loop 220. In one embodiment, the valve can be controlled to bypass the precooler so that water from the first or second reservoir can flow directly to the evaporative porous medium 140 of the cooling unit. In one embodiment, the valve 200 can be any valve capable of controlling the amount of water flowing therethrough, such as a control valve. The valve 200 can be adjusted to direct water from the first reservoir 180 or the second reservoir 190 to flow only to the precooler 150, and then to the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit via the first water loop 210. Alternatively, the valve 200 can be adjusted so that the water from the first reservoir 180 or the second reservoir 190 flows only to the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit via the second water circuit 220. In addition, the valve 200 can be adjusted to direct the water from the first reservoir 180 or the second reservoir 190 to flow to the two evaporative medium units 140 via the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220.

[0164] In one embodiment, if Figure 2A , Figure 3A and Figure 4A-4B The illustrated water management system may include at least one flow restriction device (not shown) connected to the first water circuit 210 and / or the second water circuit 220 to selectively operate and control the flow of water through one or both of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220. The at least one flow restriction device may be used with the valve 200, or connected to the water circuit in place of the valve 200 to control the flow therethrough.

[0165] In one embodiment, the flow restriction device may be a flow restrictor or a flow restriction valve. In one embodiment, the selective operation and circulation of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 may include a flow restriction device and / or a valve 200 in addition to the pump 160 .

[0166] In another embodiment, the first and second water circuits may form separate discrete circuits that are not fluidly connected to each other, such that water flows through separate flow lines from the first and second reservoirs, such as Figure 2B , Figure 3B and Figure 4C-4D as shown in .

[0167] Figure 2BAnother exemplary embodiment of a first water loop 210 (bold line) is depicted, which fluidly connects the cooling unit 120, the heat rejection unit 110, and the first reservoir 180 via flow lines. In one embodiment, the first water loop can be arranged to circulate fluid from the first reservoir 180 to the precooler 150 via flow line (a'), then to the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit 110 via flow line (b), and then back to the first reservoir 180 via flow line (c).

[0168] Figure 3B Another exemplary embodiment of a second water circuit 220 (bold line) is depicted, which fluidly connects the cooling unit 120 and the second reservoir 190. In one embodiment, the second water circuit 220 can be arranged to circulate water from the second reservoir 190 to the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit 120 via flow line (a-2) and then to the second reservoir 190 via flow line (d-2).

[0169] Figure 4C Depicted Figure 2B and Figure 3B An embodiment of a water circuit in which the MCU unit is positioned below the HRU unit.

[0170] Figure 4D Depicted Figure 2B , Figure 3B and Figure 4C An embodiment of the water circuit in which the MCU unit is positioned above the HRU unit such that the positioning of the first reservoir 180 and the second reservoir 190 are interchanged with each other. In this embodiment, the first water circuit may be arranged to circulate fluid from the first reservoir 180 to the precooler 150, then to the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit 110, and then circulate back to the first reservoir 180. In addition, the second water circuit 220 may be arranged to circulate water from the second reservoir 190 to the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit 120, and then circulate back to the second reservoir 190.

[0171] In one embodiment, the selective operation and circulation of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 may include two pumps 160, each pump being connected to one circuit to drive water therethrough, such as Figure 4C and Figure 4D As shown in. The pump 160 can adjust the pressure, speed and flow through the flow line, pipe or tube. Valves (not shown) can also be added for additional selective operation and control of the water flow through each of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220.

[0172] In one embodiment, if Figure 2B , Figure 3B and Figure 4C-4DThe illustrated water management system may include at least one flow restriction device (not shown) connected to the first water circuit 210 and / or the second water circuit 220 to selectively operate and control the flow of water through one or both of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220. In one embodiment, the flow restriction device may be a flow restrictor or a flow restriction valve. In one embodiment, the selective operation and circulation of the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 may include the flow restriction device and at least two pumps 160.

[0173] - Operation Mode

[0174] The operation of the cooling unit and heat rejection unit can be adjusted according to the most efficient operating mode or regulation requirements. Adjusting the water flow through the device can adjust the airflow cooling capacity of the cooling unit and heat rejection unit. This allows the output air temperature of the cooling device to be adjusted.

[0175] In one embodiment, the water flow through the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit can be individually controlled and adjusted to provide variable cooling. Specifically, the operation of the water circuit can be activated "on" or deactivated "off" to change the cooling capacity of the equipment.

[0176] For example, the flow of water to the evaporative medium of the cooling unit can be shut off to provide a cool supply of air without increasing the moisture content (i.e., humidity) from the evaporation of water through the evaporative medium of the cooling unit. This operational control of the flow of water through the device cannot be achieved by flowing through a monolithic evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit and the cooling unit.

[0177] In one embodiment, the flow of water through the apparatus is regulated by activating or deactivating one or both of the first and second water circuits.

[0178] The device disclosed herein can operate multiple modes of cooling air and / or water by selectively activating the water circuit. In one embodiment, the device can operate in at least four modes. In one embodiment, referring to Figure 4A-4D In the exemplary embodiment shown, the device can operate in the following four modes:

[0179] - Mode 1: Deep Cool Mode - water flows through all components with all water circuits activated.

[0180] - Mode 2: Dry cooling mode - there is no increase in absolute humidity, water flows through the precooler and then through the evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit;

[0181] - Mode 3: Adiabatic cooling mode - water flows only through the evaporative medium of the cooling unit; and

[0182] - Mode 4: Fan Mode - Water does not flow through any components and all water circuits are deactivated.

[0183] Accordingly, in one embodiment, the device can operate in a first mode, a second mode, a third mode, or a fourth mode, wherein the selection of the mode can be manually selected by a user to select the desired cooling mode, or programmed into a control system to automatically switch between cooling modes to provide thermal comfort. Each cooling mode will be further described below.

[0184] These four operating modes apply to all embodiments of the device, regardless of whether the first and second water circuits are fluidly connected to each other ( Figure 2A , Figure 3A and Figure 4A-4B ) or form independent discrete circuits that are not fluidically connected to each other ( Figure 2B , Figure 3B and Figure 4C-4D ).

[0185] First mode (deep cooling)

[0186] Figure 4A-4D 1. The first mode is described in the figure. In this mode, water flow is directed through the cooling unit 110 and the heat removal unit 120. In one embodiment, the first mode includes both the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 running to circulate fluid there. In this first mode, both water circuits and all components are activated. In addition, the supply fan and the exhaust fan are also activated.

[0187] exist Figure 4A-4B In the embodiment, valve 200 is adjusted to direct water flow through precooler 150 and evaporative medium 140 of cooling unit and evaporative medium 140 of heat rejection unit. Water from the first or second reservoir will flow into the other reservoir and then circulate to the first and second water circuits.

[0188] exist Figure 4C-4D In the embodiment, two pumps 160 guide water flow through the first and second water circuits respectively, so that water is guided through the precooler 150 and the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit and the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit. Water from the first reservoir does not flow into the second reservoir, and vice versa.

[0189] Second mode (dry cooling)

[0190] Figure 2A and Figure 2B. In this mode, the water flow is directed through both the cooling unit 110 and the heat removal unit 120. In this mode, the first water circuit 210 can be activated and the second water circuit 220 is deactivated. The water in the main cooling unit only flows through the precooler 150, where it is significantly cooled. The water does not flow through the evaporative porous medium of the main cooling unit. In this second mode, only the first water circuit and related components are activated. In addition, the supply fan and the exhaust fan are also activated.

[0191] exist Figure 2A In the embodiment, valve 200 is adjusted to direct water flow only through the precooler 150 of the cooling unit and then through the evaporative medium 140 of the heat rejection unit. Water flow occurs between the first reservoir 180 and the second reservoir 190 and then circulates to the first water circuit (depending on the arrangement of the MCU and HRU units).

[0192] exist Figure 2B In the embodiment of the present invention, the pump of the second water circuit is deactivated, so that the second water circuit is deactivated and the second reservoir is not used. On the contrary, the pump connected to the first water circuit is activated, so that the first water circuit is activated and water flows out of the first reservoir.

[0193] The third mode (adiabatic cooling)

[0194] Figure 3A and Figure 3B . In this mode, the first water circuit 210 can be deactivated and the second water circuit 220 is activated. In one embodiment, the third mode includes the second water circuit being operated to circulate the fluid therein. In this third mode, only the second water circuit and related components are activated. In addition, the supply fan is activated and the exhaust fan is deactivated.

[0195] exist Figure 3A In the embodiment of the present invention, the valve 200 is adjusted to direct water to flow only through the evaporative medium 140 of the cooling unit and to the second reservoir 190 .

[0196] exist Figure 3B In the embodiment, the pump of the first water circuit is deactivated, so that the first water circuit is deactivated and the first reservoir is not used. On the contrary, the pump connected to the second water circuit is activated, so that the second water circuit is activated and water flows out of the second reservoir and circulates back again.

[0197] Mode 4 (Fan)

[0198] In this mode, no water flows through any of the cooling unit 110 and the heat rejection unit 120. In particular, the valve 200 is adjusted or the water pump 160 is turned off to prevent water from flowing through the cooling unit 110 and the heat rejection unit 120. In this mode, the first water circuit 210 and the second water circuit 220 can be deactivated. In one embodiment, the fourth mode includes that both the first water circuit and the second water circuit are not running. In addition, the supply fan is the only component that is activated, and the exhaust fan is deactivated.

[0199] This mode may be preferred when the outside air is at a comfortable temperature and does not require conditioning or when the humidity is so high that conditioning is limited. The fan operates to draw in air and create a ventilation airflow without any cooling of said outside air. The water pump does not operate, and therefore, neither does the heat rejection and cooling unit. In this mode, the system does not cool the incoming air. Instead, it circulates the air, consuming less energy than other modes.

[0200] Control System

[0201] The control system contains the logical operation of the system and a series of input conditions and output requirements. The control system may include control algorithms and input / output devices to operate the cooling equipment. The control system can operate the cooling equipment and achieve a comfortable body temperature level by using the most energy-efficient operating mode. In addition, the control algorithm can determine the preferred operating mode based on humidity conditions (including temperature and humidity).

[0202] Figure 5 A series of steps 300 involved in operating an evaporative cooling device and its control system are depicted. A user may activate the device 305 and input preferred criteria through a user interface 310. Criteria may include preferences for temperature, humidity, and fan speed, as well as inputs related to energy use (e.g., economy vs. comfort). The system may also include sensors 320 to detect ambient temperature and humidity levels, water temperature, and supply air temperature.

[0203] User criteria and data collected from the temperature sensors can be stored and analyzed in a computer or central processing unit. Logic and one or more algorithms 325 can be used to monitor components and device control 330. The device can strive to optimize the air temperature of the gathering area or passenger compartment environment. For example, the speed and operating mode of the fan can be adjusted to achieve the desired air or water temperature. In particular, water flow and volume can be adjusted using pumps, valves and / or flow restrictions to operate the device in one of a variety of modes.

[0204] The device can balance economy with the user's desired temperature. Algorithms can analyze external conditions to select the most energy-efficient cooling mode for the device to achieve the desired temperature. For example, the device can be set to "deep cooling", "dry cooling", "adiabatic cooling" or "fan" mode to optimize cooling capacity and airflow.

[0205] Thus, in one embodiment, a method for conditioning air and / or water using the apparatus disclosed herein is provided, comprising the steps of: starting the apparatus to direct outside air through the apparatus; adjusting an operating mode to control the flow and volume of water through the apparatus to provide variable cooling, wherein the operating mode comprises four operating modes; and exhausting hot air and cold air out of the apparatus. Example

[0206] The compositions and methods described herein will be further understood by reference to the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary. The compositions and methods described herein are not limited to the scope of the exemplary embodiments, which are intended to be illustrations of a single aspect only. Any functionally equivalent methods are within the scope of the present invention. In addition to the methods explicitly described herein, those skilled in the art will recognize various modifications of the compositions and methods described herein from the foregoing description and the accompanying drawings. These modifications all fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0207] Using evaporative cooling systems in residential structures

[0208] Evaporative cooling equipment can be used to condition the air within a residence. As cool air is directed into the residence, hot air from the heat rejection unit can be directed to the outside environment. In this embodiment, the user inputs desired criteria, such as a target temperature, into the system. Sensors monitor conditions within the residence and automatically adjust equipment controls.

[0209] The user can activate the device through a switch or user interface. A fan drives outside air through the device. Outside air enters the device and is cooled by adiabatic and sensible heat methods, and the cold air is drawn out of the device into the room or other area. Heat and moisture are rejected from the device to the outside environment through the heat rejection unit and exhaust fan. The heat rejection unit removes heat from the circulating water so that the cold water can be recirculated and fed into the water management system. Evaporative cooling acts to cool the water circulating through the system. The combination of these conditioning stages provides an outlet supply air temperature below the pre-conditioning wet bulb temperature without the use of a mechanical vapor compression system.

[0210] In particular, reference Figure 1A and Figure 4AIn an exemplary embodiment, air can be moved through a heat removal unit using an exhaust fan, where heat exchange between air and water occurs. The water flowing through the evaporative medium of the heat removal unit has its heat removed when it is vaporized into a gas. The cooled water thus produced then flows into the first reservoir and can subsequently flow into the second reservoir. The cold water stored in the second reservoir can then be pumped through a precooler to significantly cool the air (i.e., first stage cooling). The water that is heated as it passes through the precooler can be immediately transported to the evaporative medium of the heat removal unit for recooling and then returned to the second reservoir via the first reservoir. In the cooling unit, the significantly cooled air that moves through the precooler then flows through the evaporative medium, which can also have water flowing through it separately from the second reservoir (i.e., second stage cooling). The cold air from the cooling unit can then be delivered to the target space using a supply fan.

[0211] Alternatively, refer to Figure 1A and Figure 4B In an exemplary embodiment, air can be moved through a heat removal unit using an exhaust fan, where heat exchange between air and water occurs. The water flowing through the evaporative medium of the heat removal unit has its heat removed when it is vaporized into a gas. The resulting cooled water then flows into the first reservoir, and can then flow into the precooler of the cooling unit to significantly cool the air (i.e., first stage cooling). The water that is heated as it passes through the precooler can be immediately transported to the evaporative medium of the heat removal unit to be recooled, and then returned to the first reservoir. In the cooling unit, the significantly cooled air that moves through the precooler then flows through the evaporative medium, which can also have water flowing through it separately from the second reservoir (i.e., second stage cooling). The cold air from the cooling unit can then be delivered to the target space using a supply fan.

[0212] The above-described operational embodiments of the apparatus disclosed herein are applicable to any configuration or positioning of the units relative to each other.

[0213] Use dual units to condition air in gathering areas

[0214] Evaporative cooling systems can be used to condition air toward gathering areas. Gathering areas or gathering places can be anywhere where people can gather together. Gathering places can be public; for example, city streets, urban squares, and parks. They can also be private; for example, offices, homes, cafes, stadiums, and theaters (indoor or outdoor). The equipment can direct cool air toward the gathering areas, while the hot air from the heat rejection units is directed elsewhere. Reference Figure 1BIn an exemplary embodiment, the heat rejection unit can be placed separately from the main cooling unit while still being fluidly connected through the water circuit. Therefore, these units can be located in different locations (i.e., a first location and a second location). The user enters the desired criteria into the system, such as a target temperature. Sensors can monitor conditions within the gathering area and adjust system controls.

[0215] The user can start the system through a switch or user interface 305, such as Figure 5 310. The user may also input a desired temperature and / or humidity. A fan drives outside air through the system. The heat rejection unit removes heat from the circulating water, and the cold water is circulated back to the main cooling unit. Outside air enters the system and is cooled by a precooler that does not add humidity. Thereafter, the air is further cooled by evaporating the porous media. The cold air is drawn out of the system and into the gathering area. Heat and moisture are removed from the system through the heat rejection unit to the outside environment.

[0216] Sensors can detect conditions of the environment, including ambient air temperature, ambient air humidity, water temperature, air pressure, and supply air temperature 320. Control algorithms 325 can adjust the operation and output of the system to maintain the conditions according to the user's desired conditions. For example, fan level, water pressure, water directional control, and / or water volume can be adjusted.

[0217] The user can adjust the settings to change the air flow or temperature output of the system. For example, the user may desire a lower air temperature output and activate Mode 1 (Deep Cooling Mode). Here, water flows through all components and all operating water circuits.

[0218] In another embodiment, the user desires a slightly higher volumetric output air flow without increasing the humidity of the conditioned air. The user may activate Mode 2 (Dry Cooling Mode). The first water loop to the heat rejection unit is activated. The second water loop is also activated, with water flowing only through the precooler, where it is significantly cooled. Water does not flow through the evaporative porous media of the main cooling unit.

[0219] In another embodiment, the user desires moderate air conditioning with increased humidity. The user may activate Mode 3 (adiabatic cooling mode). The water flow is directed only through the evaporative medium of the cooling unit.

[0220] The system can also operate in "fan mode". This mode can be preferred when the outside air is at a comfortable temperature and does not need to be conditioned or when the humidity is so high that conditioning is limited. The main fan operates to draw in air and create a ventilation airflow. The water pump does not operate, and therefore, neither does the heat rejection and main cooling unit. In this mode, the system does not cool the incoming air. Instead, it circulates the air, consuming less energy than other modes.

[0221] In some embodiments, the device reduces the temperature of the outside air in the gathering area by at least 1°C, at least 2°C, at least 3°C, at least 4°C, at least 5°C, at least 6°C, at least 7°C, at least 8°C, at least 9°C, at least 10°C, at least 11°C, at least 12°C or more. In some embodiments, the device does not change the air temperature in the gathering area. In some embodiments, the device reduces the temperature of the circulating water by at least 1°C, at least 2°C, at least 3°C, at least 4°C, at least 5°C, at least 6°C, at least 7°C, at least 8°C, at least 9°C, at least 10°C, at least 11°C, at least 12°C or more. In some embodiments, the device does not cause the relative humidity of the gathering area to increase. In some embodiments, the device increases the relative humidity of the outside air in the gathering area by at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15% or more.

[0222] In some embodiments, the device increases the relative humidity of the outside air in the gathering area by no more than 1%, no more than 2%, no more than 3%, no more than 4%, no more than 5%, no more than 6%, no more than 7%, no more than 8%, no more than 9%, no more than 10%, no more than 11%, no more than 12%, no more than 13%, no more than 14% or no more than 15%.

[0223] It should be appreciated that the above disclosed and other features and functions of the variant or its replacement, can be incorporated into other systems or applications. In addition, those skilled in the art may subsequently carry out various unforeseen or unanticipated substitutions, modifications, variations or improvements thereto, which are also intended to be covered by the following claims.

[0224] Although the presently disclosed embodiments have been described fully and in considerable detail to cover possible aspects, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other versions of the present disclosure are possible.

Claims

1. A multi-mode cooling device, the multi-mode cooling device include: a first reservoir for holding a first volume of water; a second reservoir for holding a second volume of water, wherein the first reservoir and the second reservoir are in fluid communication with each other; a heat removal unit, the heat removal unit comprising at least one evaporative medium, wherein air entering the heat removal unit first passes through the at least one evaporative medium and then is exhausted; a cooling unit, the cooling unit comprising at least one evaporative medium and at least one precooler; a first water circuit fluidly connecting at least one precooler and at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit, the heat rejection unit, the first reservoir, and the second reservoir; a second water circuit fluidly connecting at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit and the first and / or second reservoir; as well as means for regulating the flow rate and / or volume of water through said first and second water circuits; The heat removal unit and the cooling unit are contained in separate housings, wherein each housing includes one or more outlets and an outer edge, and an inlet opening for incoming air to flow through is provided on the side of the outer edge. 2 . The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first water volume is greater than the second water volume.

3. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first fluid reservoir is located within the heat rejection unit. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second reservoir is located within the cooling unit.

5. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first water circuit and the second water circuit form a closed loop that circulates water out of the first reservoir and the second reservoir and back again to be recirculated through the multi-mode cooling apparatus.

6. The multi-mode cooling device of claim 1 , wherein the first water circuit is configured to direct water from the first reservoir or the second reservoir to a) at least one precooler; b) at least one evaporating medium of the heat removal unit; then to c) said first liquid reservoir.

7. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second water circuit is configured to direct water from the first reservoir or the second reservoir to at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit and then to the second reservoir.

8. The multi-mode cooling device of claim 1, wherein the multi-mode cooling device is capable of operating between four modes for variable cooling of air and / or water.

9. The multi-mode cooling device of claim 8, wherein in a first mode, both the first water circuit and the second water circuit operate to circulate water through; in a second mode, only the first water circuit operates to circulate water through; in a third mode, only the second water circuit operates to circulate water through; and in a fourth mode, neither the first water circuit nor the second water circuit operates.

10. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a pump coupled to the first water circuit and the second water circuit.

11. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for regulating water flow comprises a valve and / or a flow restriction device to regulate water circulating through the first water circuit and / or the second water circuit.

12. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heat rejection unit surrounds a first central chamber.

13. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cooling unit surrounds a second central chamber.

14. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cooling unit is located in a first position and the heat rejection unit is located in a second position.

15. The multi-mode cooling device of claim 1, wherein each of the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit is coupled to a variable fan.

16. A multi-mode cooling device, the multi-mode cooling device include: a first reservoir for holding a first volume of water; a second reservoir for holding a second volume of water; a heat removal unit, the heat removal unit comprising at least one evaporative medium, wherein air entering the heat removal unit first passes through the at least one evaporative medium and then is exhausted; a cooling unit, the cooling unit comprising at least one evaporative medium and at least one precooler; a first water circuit fluidly connecting the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit, wherein the first reservoir is in fluid communication with the at least one precooler of the cooling unit; a second water circuit fluidly connecting at least one evaporative medium of the cooling unit to the second reservoir; as well as means for regulating the flow rate and / or volume of water through said first and second water circuits; The heat removal unit and the cooling unit are contained in separate housings, wherein each housing includes one or more outlets and an outer edge, and an inlet opening for incoming air to flow through is provided on the side of the outer edge.

17. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first water circuit is configured to circulate water from the first reservoir to the at least one precooler, then to the at least one evaporative medium of the heat rejection unit, and then back to the first reservoir.

18. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 16, wherein the second water circuit is configured to circulate water from the second reservoir to the evaporative medium of the cooling unit and then back to the second reservoir.

19. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first reservoir is located within the heat rejection unit and the second reservoir is located within the cooling unit.

20. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 16, further comprising two pumps, wherein one pump is coupled to each of the first and second water circuits.

21. The multi-mode cooling apparatus of claim 16, wherein the cooling unit is in a first position and the heat rejection unit is in a second position.

22. The multi-mode cooling device of claim 16, wherein each of the cooling unit and the heat rejection unit is coupled to a variable fan.

23. A method of conditioning air and / or water, the method The following steps are involved: a. Start the multi-mode cooling device according to claim 1 or 16 to guide the outside air through the multi-mode cooling device; b. adjusting the operating mode to control the water flow and volume through the multi-mode cooling device to provide variable cooling, wherein the operating mode includes four operating modes; and c. Expel hot air and cold air out of the multi-mode cooling device.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein a water flow and / or volume of at least one of the first reservoir, the heat rejection unit, the second reservoir, a precooler in the cooling unit, and an evaporative medium in the cooling unit is regulated.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the water flow is adjusted to a "cryogenic mode" so that water flows through all water circuits.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein the water flow is adjusted to a "dry cooling mode" so that the water flows through the pre-cooler in the cooling unit and then through a heat rejection unit.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein water flow is regulated to an "adiabatic cooling mode" so that water flows through the evaporative medium in the cooling unit.

28. The method of claim 24, wherein the water flow is regulated to a "fan mode" with no water flow through either water circuit.

29. The method of claim 23, further comprising the step of adjusting the water flow based on a desired temperature and / or humidity of the air being conditioned.

30. The method of claim 23, further comprising the step of exhausting air from the heat extraction unit away from a collection area.

31. The method of claim 23, further comprising the step of regulating the air flow with one or more variable flow fans.

Images