server

Abstract

A server includes a processor and a communication device configured to acquire an amount of power supplied from a power supply device during external charging of a vehicle participating in demand response (DR). The processor is configured to calculate, in a case where a plurality of vehicles participate in DR, a reference reward, which is a reference for a reward given to each of the plurality of vehicles from an aggregator, based on the amount of power supplied, determine, in a case where a first vehicle participates in DR, a first reward, which is a reward given to the first vehicle from the aggregator, in such a manner that the first reward becomes the reference reward of the first vehicle, and determine, in a case where a second vehicle participates in DR, a second reward, which is a reward given to the second vehicle from the aggregator, in such a manner that the second reward becomes more than the reference reward of the second vehicle.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a server. BACKGROUND

[0002] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2015-95983 discloses an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle is configured to be able to charge a storage battery of the electric vehicle with power supplied from a power supply device connected to a commercial power source via a power cable (contact charging). The electric vehicle is also configured to be able to charge the storage battery with power supplied from a charge / discharge device in a non-contact manner without via the power cable (non-contact charging). SUMMARY

[0003] In a virtual power plant (VPP), a server of an aggregator uses demand response (DR) in order to adjust a power supply / demand balance. DR is a mechanism that requests power resources of consumers to change (for example, increase) power demand.

[0004] A vehicle equipped with a storage device is sometimes used as the power resources described above. In a case where a plurality of vehicles participate in DR, the following situation is assumed: a certain vehicle (a first vehicle) participates in DR by performing contact charging, and another vehicle (a second vehicle) participates in DR by performing non-contact charging.

[0005] Power loss generated in a process of performing non-contact charging is generally more than power loss generated in a process of performing contact charging. Due to this, an amount of power accumulated in the storage device of the second vehicle as a result of DR can be less than an amount of power accumulated in the storage device of the first vehicle. For this reason, the second vehicle sometimes needs to additionally perform non-contact charging. In this case, the second vehicle incurs additional electric fees as a result of this non-contact charging.

[0006] As a result, the second vehicle can suffer from an unfavorable situation compared to the first vehicle. As a result of this unfavorable situation, the second vehicle that participates in DR decreases, which is undesirable from the viewpoint of adjustment of the power supply / demand balance.

[0007] The present disclosure provides a server that contributes to adjustment of a power supply / demand balance by suppressing a decrease in a vehicle that participates in DR by non-contact charging.

[0008] A certain technical solution of the present disclosure relates to a server that is a server of an aggregator that requests a plurality of vehicles to participate in demand response (DR). The plurality of vehicles each include an electrical storage device and are capable of electrical connection with a power system. The server includes a communication device configured to acquire an amount of power transmitted from a power device during external charging of the vehicles participating in the DR, and a processor configured to, in a case where the plurality of vehicles configured to participate in the DR by performing external charging participate in the DR, calculate a reference reward, which is a reference for a reward given to each of the plurality of vehicles from the aggregator, from the amount of power transmitted, in a case where a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles participates in the DR, determine a first reward, which is the reward given to the first vehicle from the aggregator, in such a manner that the first reward becomes the reference reward of the first vehicle, and in a case where a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles participates in the DR, determine a second reward, which is the reward given to the second vehicle from the aggregator, in such a manner that the second reward becomes more than the reference reward of the second vehicle. The external charging is charging of the electrical storage device using power from a power device connected to the power system. The first vehicle is configured to be capable of performing contact charging, which is external charging using power received by a power cable of a first power device that is the power device, and the second vehicle is configured to be capable of performing non-contact charging, which is external charging using power received from a second power device that is the power device in a non-contact manner.

[0009] The amount of power loss in the non-contact charging is more than the amount of power loss in the contact charging. For this reason, the amount of power accumulated in the electrical storage device of the second vehicle is less than the amount of power accumulated in the electrical storage device of the first vehicle as a result of the DR. For this reason, the second vehicle is likely to suffer disadvantageously compared to the first vehicle. With the above-described configuration, the reward of the second vehicle (the second reward) is more than the reference reward with respect to the reward of the first vehicle (the first reward), and thus the second vehicle is able to benefit more than the first vehicle from the reward. For this reason, it is possible to contribute to adjustment of the balance of supply and demand of power by suppressing a decrease in the number of vehicles participating in the DR by the non-contact charging.

[0010] In the above-described technical solution, the processor can also be configured to determine the first reward from a first amount of power transmitted and a first unit price, the first amount of power transmitted being the amount of power transmitted to the first vehicle, and the first unit price being a unit price of the first reward for the first amount of power transmitted, and determine the second reward from a second amount of power transmitted and a second unit price, the second amount of power transmitted being the amount of power transmitted to the second vehicle, and the second unit price being a unit price of the second reward for the second amount of power transmitted. The second unit price can also be higher than the first unit price.

[0011] With the above configuration, the second unit price and the first unit price are determined so that the second unit price is higher than the first unit price. Thus, it is possible to improve the situation in which the second vehicle is disadvantaged compared to the first vehicle.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the processor can also be configured to calculate, based on the electricity rate and the first amount of delivered power, a power cost in the DR for the first vehicle, i.e., a first power cost, calculate, based on the electricity rate and the second amount of delivered power, a power cost in the DR for the second vehicle, i.e., a second power cost, calculate, by subtracting the first power cost from the first reward, a benefit obtained by the first vehicle when participating in the DR, i.e., a first benefit, calculate, by subtracting the second power cost from the second reward, a benefit obtained by the second vehicle when participating in the DR, i.e., a second benefit, and determine the first reward and the second reward in such a way that the difference between the first benefit and the second benefit is less than a threshold value.

[0013] With the above configuration, it is possible to appropriately determine the first reward and the second reward while avoiding a situation in which the first benefit and the second benefit deviate.

[0014] In the above technical solution, the total reward amount, which is the sum of the total of the first rewards of the at least one first vehicle and the total of the second rewards of the at least one second vehicle, can also be the sum of the total of the first rewards of the at least one first vehicle and the total of the second rewards of the at least one second vehicle. The processor can also be configured to determine the first reward and the second reward in such a way that the total reward amount remains unchanged.

[0015] With the above configuration, the aggregator can appropriately allocate the total reward amount to the first vehicle and the second vehicle while avoiding a situation in which the power adjustment benefit decreases as the total reward amount increases.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the processor can also be configured to determine the first reward and the second reward in such a way that the second vehicle can use the toll infrastructure more cheaply than the first vehicle in the case where the first vehicle and the second vehicle use the toll (non-free) infrastructure.

[0017] With the above configuration, the second vehicle can benefit more than the first vehicle in terms of the usage fee of the toll infrastructure.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the non-contact charging can also include in-motion charging performed by the second vehicle during travel on a power supply lane provided with the second power device. The processor can also be configured to, in the case where the second vehicle participates in the DR by performing the in-motion charging, perform processing for notifying a user of the second vehicle when the start time of the period during which the second vehicle participates in the DR arrives. The notification can also include a notification urging the user of the second vehicle to travel on the power supply lane in the case where the second vehicle is traveling on a travel lane other than the power supply lane at the start time.

[0019] By the above-described configuration, in a case where the second vehicle performs running while charging, the aggregator can cause the second vehicle to actually participate in the DR.

[0020] In the above-described technical solution, each of the plurality of vehicles can also be configured to be able to participate in the DR by performing external power supply that supplies the electric power accumulated in the electric storage device to the electric power equipment. The first vehicle can also be configured to be able to perform contact power supply that is external power supply that supplies the electric power to the first electric power equipment through the electric power cable. The second vehicle can also be configured to be able to perform non-contact power supply that is external power supply that supplies the electric power to the second electric power equipment in a non-contact manner. The communication device can also be configured to acquire the amount of power received by the electric power equipment during the external power supply of the vehicle participating in the DR. The processor can also be configured, in a case where each of the plurality of vehicles participates in the DR, to calculate the reference remuneration in accordance with the amount of power received, to determine the first remuneration in such a manner that the first remuneration becomes the reference remuneration of the first vehicle calculated in accordance with the amount of power received by the first electric power equipment in a case where the first vehicle participates in the DR, and to determine the second remuneration in such a manner that the second remuneration becomes more than the reference remuneration of the second vehicle calculated in accordance with the amount of power received by the second electric power equipment in a case where the second vehicle participates in the DR.

[0021] The amount of power loss in non-contact charging is more than the amount of power loss in contact charging. For this reason, the amount of power received by the second electric power equipment accompanying the DR sometimes becomes less than the amount of power received by the first electric power equipment. For this reason, the remuneration of the second vehicle becomes less than the remuneration of the first vehicle, and the second vehicle can possibly suffer disadvantage compared to the first vehicle. By the above-described configuration, in a case where the first vehicle and the second vehicle participate in the DR by external power supply, the remuneration of the second vehicle (second remuneration) is more than the reference remuneration with respect to the remuneration of the first vehicle (first remuneration). Therefore, from the viewpoint of remuneration, the second vehicle can be more benefited than the first vehicle.

[0022] According to the technical solution of the present disclosure, it is possible to contribute to adjustment of the balance of supply and demand of electric power while suppressing reduction in vehicles participating in the DR by non-contact charging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Hereinafter, features, advantages, and technical and industrial significance of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals denote like elements, and wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 is a diagram showing an outline configuration of an electric power management system according to the present embodiment.

[0025] Figure 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a vehicle.

[0026] Figure 3 is a graph showing the situation of the vehicle when performing contact charging and the situation of the vehicle when performing non-contact charging.

[0027] Figure 4 is a graph showing the difference in the amount of power accumulated in the storage battery in the case where the vehicle participates in DR.

[0028] Figure 5 is a graph for explaining the difference between contact charging and non-contact charging from the viewpoint of the benefit obtained when the vehicle participates in DR.

[0029] Figure 6 is a graph for explaining the case where the DR reward is decided to be more than the reference reward in Embodiment 1.

[0030] Figure 7 is a graph showing an example of data stored in the storage device of the server.

[0031] Figure 8 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functions of the server according to Embodiment 1.

[0032] Figure 9 is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device of the server before the subject's DR period arrives in Embodiment 1.

[0033] Figure 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device after the subject's DR period ends in Embodiment 1.

[0034] Figure 11 is a flowchart for explaining the details of the process for correcting the unfairness (step S145 of Figure 10

[0035] Figure 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) of the vehicle.

[0036] Figure 13 is a graph for explaining the method of deciding the DR reward of the vehicle in this modified example 1.

[0037] Figure 14 is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device after the subject's DR period ends in this modified example 1.

[0038] Figure 15 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functions of the server according to this modified example 2.

[0039] Figure 16 ​is a flowchart showing details of the process performed in this modification example 2 in order to correct the inequity between vehicles.

[0040] Figure 17 is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device after the end of the DR of the subject in Embodiment 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding portions will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and a description thereof will not be repeated.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] Figure 1 is a diagram showing the outline configuration of the power management system according to the present embodiment. Referring to Figure 1 , the power management system 10 includes a power system PG, a server 305, a power resource group 500, a server 600, and a server 700.

[0044] The power system PG is constructed by power transmission and distribution equipment. The power system PG is maintained and managed by a power company as its operator.

[0045] The server 305 is applied by an operator who manages a toll infrastructure for vehicles 310. The toll infrastructure for vehicles 310 is, for example, an expressway 312 or a parking lot 315. In the case where a vehicle utilizes the toll infrastructure 310, the server 305 requests a user of the vehicle to pay a usage fee of the toll infrastructure 310.

[0046] The power resource group 500 includes a plurality of vehicles 50 each of which mounts a storage battery 130. Each vehicle 50 is configured to be electrically connectable with the power system PG and is a battery electric vehicle (BEV) that functions as a distributed power source.

[0047] Each vehicle 50 is configured to be capable of performing external charging in which the storage battery 130 is charged with power from a power device provided outside the vehicle.

[0048] When each vehicle 50 performs external charging, power is supplied from the power system PG to each vehicle 50, and thus the power load in the power system PG increases. For this reason, each vehicle 50 can contribute to adjustment of the power load (participate in DR) by performing external charging. Each vehicle 50, if participating in DR, can receive a reward from an aggregator in accordance with the degree of contribution to the balance between power supply and demand in the power system PG.

[0049] In a case where the vehicle 50 participates in a "ramp-up DR" in which the vehicle 50 is requested to increase the amount of charge electric power in external charging, the electric power demand in the electric power system PG can be increased by the amount of the increased electric power. The ramp-up DR is implemented in a case where the electric power supply is more than the electric power demand in the electric power system PG.

[0050] On the other hand, in a case where the vehicle 50 participates in a "ramp-down DR" in which the vehicle 50 is requested to decrease (save) the amount of charge electric power in external charging, the electric power demand in the electric power system PG is decreased by the amount of the decreased electric power. The ramp-down DR is implemented in a case where the electric power demand is more than the electric power supply in the electric power system PG. In this case, the electric power system PG can also be supplied with electric power from the vehicle 50 by external power supply (described later) of the vehicle 50.

[0051] The server 600 belongs to an aggregator and is configured to manage the electric power resource group 500. The aggregator is an electric power operator who procures (supplies) electric power to the electric power system PG using the electric power resource group 500, increases or decreases the electric power load in the electric power system PG. Thus, the aggregator can receive a reward from an electric power company.

[0052] The server 600 includes a processing device 605, a storage device 620, and a communication device 630. The processing device 605 includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) and a RAM (Random Access Memory). The storage device 620 stores, for example, programs executed by the processing device 605 and various information and data used by the processing device 605. The communication device 630 is one of various communication interfaces.

[0053] The server 600 receives an adjustment request ARE for the balance between supply and demand of electric power in the electric power system PG from the server 700 (described later). The adjustment request ARE contains a prediction result regarding which one of the electric power demand and the electric power supply is more in an object time period. Upon receiving the adjustment request ARE, the server 600 requests the vehicle 50 to participate in a DR. Specifically, the server 600 transmits a DR signal S1 to each vehicle 50.

[0054] The DR signal S1 is a signal for requesting the vehicle 50 to participate in a ramp-down DR or a ramp-up DR. The DR signal S1 contains the kind of the DR (ramp-up DR or ramp-down DR) and a period (DR period) in which the vehicle 50 is requested to participate in the DR. The DR signal S1 also contains information indicating the amount of electric power to be given and received between the vehicle 50 and the electric power system PG (the amount of electric power to be supplied from the electric power device connected to the electric power system PG to the vehicle 50, etc.) in the DR period and a reward (DR reward) to be paid to a user of the vehicle 50 by the aggregator for participating in the DR.

[0055] Server 600 is configured to receive consent signal S11 from vehicle 50. When the user of vehicle 50 consents to vehicle 50 participating in DR, vehicle 50 sends consent signal S11 to server 600.

[0056] When server 600 receives consent signal S11, a contract is established between the user of vehicle 50 and the aggregator. This contract includes information indicating the DR period, DR type, power transfer during the DR period, and DR compensation. Contract information representing the content of this contract is included in consent signal S11 and is stored in the storage device of vehicle 50 and the storage device 620 of server 600.

[0057] Server 700 is a computer belonging to the power company, configured to communicate with server 600. Server 700 predicts the power supply and demand balance in the power system PG according to a period (time period), and outputs an adjustment request ARE for the power supply and demand balance to server 600 based on the prediction results.

[0058] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the configuration of vehicle 50. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The vehicle 50 is equipped with an inlet 110, voltage sensors 121, 131, and 141, and current sensors 122, 132, and 142. The vehicle 50 is also equipped with a power receiving device 123, a battery 130, an HMI device 170, a communication device 180, a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver 181, and an ECU 150.

[0059] The socket 110 is configured to receive power from the charging stand 40 (described later). A voltage sensor 121 detects the voltage of the power received by the socket 110. A current sensor 122 detects the current of the power received by the socket 110.

[0060] The receiving device 123 is capable of receiving power from and supplying power to the power equipment 45 (described later) in a non-contact manner. The receiving device 123 includes a coil 124.

[0061] Voltage sensor 141 detects the voltage of the power received or transmitted by the power receiving device 123. Current sensor 142 detects the current of the power received or transmitted by the power receiving device 123.

[0062] The storage battery 130 is a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery. The storage battery 130 can also be replaced by a double-layer capacitor or other energy storage device. The storage battery 130 is configured to store the power received by the socket 110 or the power receiving device 123.

[0063] The voltage sensor 131 detects the voltage of the storage battery 130. The current sensor 132 detects the current input and output with respect to the storage battery 130.

[0064] The HMI device 170 includes an input device 172 and a display device 174. The input device 172 accepts user operations (for example, operations for inputting the destination of the vehicle 50). The display device 174 displays various screens.

[0065] The communication device 180 is configured to communicate with various devices (for example, the server 600 or the user terminal 300) wirelessly. The GPS reception device 181 acquires position information indicating the current location of the vehicle 50 from an artificial satellite. The position information can also be transmitted to the server 600 through the communication device 180.

[0066] The ECU 150 includes a processor 151, a RAM 152, and a storage device 153. The processor 151 performs various arithmetic processing. The RAM 152 functions as a work memory that temporarily stores data processed by the processor 151. The storage device 153 stores programs executed by the processor 151 and various information (for example, the aforementioned contract information) used by the processor 151.

[0067] The ECU 150 controls various devices such as the power reception device 123, the HMI device 170, and the communication device 180. The ECU 150 controls external charging of the vehicle 50, for example, by outputting a charging start request or a charging stop request to the charging stand 40 or the power device 45. In a case where the destination of the vehicle 50 is set, the ECU 150 can also set the travel route of the vehicle 50.

[0068] External charging of the vehicle 50 using power received from the charging stand 40 through the power cable 42 (described later) is contact charging. External charging of the vehicle 50 using power received from the power device 45 in a non-contact manner is non-contact charging. Non-contact charging includes travel charging performed by the vehicle 50 during travel on a power feeding lane (described later).

[0069] The power device 45 is configured to be able to operate as a power feeding device that feeds power to the vehicle 50. The power device 45 includes a coil 48, a voltage sensor 48A, a current sensor 48B, a communication device 46, and a control device 47. The coil 48 is connected to a commercial power source PS through a transformer (not shown). The coil 48 is configured to feed power to the vehicle 50 in a non-contact manner (more specifically, through an electromagnetic field) using power supplied from the commercial power source PS, and to receive power from the vehicle 50 in a non-contact manner.

[0070] The voltage sensor 48A detects the voltage of the power transmitted or accepted by the coil 48. The current sensor 48B detects the current of the power transmitted or accepted by the coil 48.

[0071] The control device 47 controls the transmission of power between the power device 45 and the vehicle 50 during the DR. The control device 47 calculates the amount of power transmitted or accepted by the coil 48 during the DR, based on the detection values of the voltage sensor 48A and the current sensor 48B. The communication device 46 is configured to communicate with the server 600, for example, to transmit the amount of power transmitted and the amount of power accepted during the DR, which are calculated by the control device 47, to the server 600.

[0072] The power device 45 can be provided on the ground (for example, a travel lane) or a side wall. In the case where the power device 45 is provided on the travel lane, the travel lane is also referred to as a power supply lane.

[0073] The charging stand 40 includes a power supply circuit 44, a voltage sensor 44A, a current sensor 44B, a power cable 42, a connector 43, a communication device 49, and a control device 41.

[0074] The power supply circuit 44 converts the power supplied from the commercial power supply PS and outputs the converted power to the power cable 42.

[0075] The voltage sensor 44A detects the voltage input and output with respect to the power supply circuit 44. The current sensor 44B detects the current input and output with respect to the power supply circuit 44.

[0076] The power cable 42 supplies power from the charging stand 40 to the vehicle 50. The power cable 42 can also supply power from the vehicle 50 to the charging stand 40.

[0077] The connector 43 is provided at the front end of the power cable 42 and is configured to be insertable into the socket 110 of the vehicle 50.

[0078] The communication device 49 is configured to communicate with an external device such as the server 600. The control device 41 controls the communication device 49 and the power supply circuit 44.

[0079] The control device 41 is configured to execute a power transmission process in which power is transmitted from the charging stand 40 to the vehicle 50 during the DR. When the power transmission process is executed, external charging of the vehicle 50 is performed. After the power transmission process (external charging) is completed, the control device 41 transmits the amount of power transmitted by the charging stand 40 during the DR to the server 600 via the communication device 49.

[0080] The control device 41 is also configured to be able to perform a process in which the charging station 40 receives electric power from the vehicle 50 during the DR, i.e., a power reception process. The control device 41 transmits, to the server 600 via the communication device 49, the amount of electric power received by the charging station 40 after the power reception process is completed.

[0081] The control device 41 calculates, from the detection values of the voltage sensor 44A and the current sensor 44B during the period in which the charging station 40 supplies electric power to the vehicle 50 or during the period in which the charging station 40 receives electric power from the vehicle 50, the amount of electric power received by the charging station 40 or the amount of electric power supplied by the charging station 40 during the DR. The amount of electric power received and the amount of electric power supplied are transmitted to the server 600 by the communication device 49.

[0082] The user terminal 300 is operated by the user of the vehicle 50. The user terminal 300 includes an input device 311, a display device 316, and a communication device 318. The input device 311 accepts user input. The display device 316 displays various screens. The communication device 318 is configured to communicate with devices other than the user terminal 300, such as the server 600.

[0083] Figure 3 is a graph that indicates the state of the vehicle 50 when contact charging is performed and the state of the vehicle 50 when non-contact charging is performed.

[0084] Referring to Figure 3 In a case in which the vehicle 50 participates in the DR by performing contact charging using the charging station 40 (Example A), the vehicle 50 is also denoted as the vehicle 50A (1st vehicle). The storage battery 130A is the storage battery 130 mounted on the vehicle 50A.

[0085] In a case in which the vehicle 50 participates in the DR by performing non-contact charging using the power device 45 (Example B), the vehicle 50 is also denoted as the vehicle 50B (2nd vehicle). The storage battery 130B is the storage battery 130 mounted on the vehicle 50B.

[0086] Figure 4 is a graph that indicates the difference between the amount of electric power stored in the storage battery 130A in a case in which the vehicle 50A participates in the DR and the amount of electric power stored in the storage battery 130B in a case in which the vehicle 50B participates in the DR.

[0087] Referring to Figure 4 It is assumed that the amount of electric power supplied from the charging station 40 to the vehicle 50A is equal to the amount of electric power supplied from the power device 45 to the vehicle 50B. In the following description, in a case in which the amounts of electric power supplied PT1, PT2 are not particularly distinguished from each other, each of the amounts of electric power supplied PT1, PT2 is also denoted as the amount of electric power supplied PT.

[0088] In the vehicle 50A, the amount of electric power of LA in the amount of electric power to be supplied PT is generated as a loss. As a result, the amount of electric power to charge the storage battery 130A of the vehicle 50A with the DR is PRA (<PT). The efficiency of the electric power supply from the charging stand 40 to the vehicle 50A in the contact charging during the DR is also indicated as the electric power supply efficiency PTE1.

[0089] In the vehicle 50B, the amount of electric power of LB in the amount of electric power to be supplied PT is generated as a loss. The efficiency of the electric power supply from the electric power device 45 to the vehicle 50B in the non-contact charging is also indicated as the electric power supply efficiency PTE2. The electric power supply efficiency PTE2 is generally lower than the electric power supply efficiency PTE1. For this reason, the electric power loss generated in the non-contact charging is more than that generated in the contact charging (LB > LA). As a result, the amount of electric power to charge the storage battery 130B of the vehicle 50B with the DR is PRB, which is less than the amount of electric power to charge the storage battery 130A by the difference ΔPR (PRB = PRA - ΔPR).

[0090] In the case where the amounts of electric power to be supplied PT1, PT2 are equal as described above, in either of the examples A, B, an electric power load corresponding to the amount of electric power to be supplied PT is generated in the electric power system PG. Thus, the vehicle 50B contributes to the electric power supply-demand balance of the electric power system PG to the same extent as the vehicle 50A. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of the amount of electric power to charge the storage battery 130 accompanying the participation in the DR, the vehicle 50B is less advantageous than the vehicle 50A.

[0091] Figure 5 is a diagram for explaining the difference between the contact charging and the non-contact charging from the viewpoint of the benefit obtained when the vehicle 50 participates in the DR. The present example indicates a comparative example in the case where the processing of the server 600 described later is not performed.

[0092] Referring to Figure 5 , the graph 220 indicates the remuneration given to the vehicles 50A, 50B from the aggregator in the comparative example, and the electric power charge spent when the vehicles 50A, 50B participate in the DR.

[0093] The DR remuneration RWA of the vehicle 50A and the DR remuneration RWB of the vehicle 50B are respectively decided in accordance with the degree of contribution of the vehicles 50A, 50B to the adjustment of the supply-demand balance in the electric power system PG. For example, the more the amount of electric power to be supplied PT increases, the more the electric power load in the electric power system PG increases. For this reason, in the present embodiment 1, the DR remuneration of the vehicles 50A, 50B is decided in accordance with the amount of electric power to be supplied PT during the DR (for example, the more the amount of electric power to be supplied PT increases, the more it becomes).

[0094] The unit price of the DR reward RWA for the power transmission amount PT1 is also denoted as a DR reward unit price UPRR1. The unit price of the DR reward RWB for the power transmission amount PT2 is also denoted as a DR reward unit price UPRR2. In this example, assume that the DR reward unit prices UPRR1, UPRR2 are both UPRR10. The unit price of the electric power system PG is also denoted as an electric power cost unit price UPRP.

[0095] The DR reward RWA is determined in accordance with the power transmission amount PT1 (PT), and is RW0 (= UPRR10 x PT1). The electric power cost PCA incurred by the vehicle 50A as a result of the contact charging while the vehicle 50A participates in the DR is determined in accordance with the electric power cost unit price UPRP and the power transmission amount PT1 (PCA = UPRP x PT1). Thus, the DR benefit PA obtained by the vehicle 50A while participating in the DR is PA0 (= RW0 - PCA).

[0096] Likewise, the DR reward RWB is determined in accordance with the power transmission amount PT2 (PT), and is RW0 (= UPRR10 x PT2 = RWA). The electric power cost PCB0 incurred by the vehicle 50B as a result of the non-contact charging while the vehicle 50B participates in the DR is determined in accordance with the power transmission amount PT2 and the electric power cost unit price UPRP (PCB0 = UPRP x PT2). In this example, the electric power cost PCB0 of the vehicle 50B during the DR is equal to the electric power cost PCA of the vehicle 50A.

[0097] During the DR, the charging electric power amount of the battery 130B is less than the charging electric power amount of the battery 130A (PT2 < PT1). Figure 4 Thus, in the case where the charge level of the battery 130B is not sufficient after the end of the DR (for example, in the case where the user of the vehicle 50B desires to fully charge the battery 130B), the vehicle 50B sometimes needs to additionally perform non-contact charging. In this example, assume that in order to charge the battery 130B with the electric power amount of the difference ΔPR Figure 4 ), the vehicle 50B needs to additionally receive the electric power amount of the difference ΔPC from the power supply device 45. The difference ΔPC depends on the difference ΔPR and the power transmission efficiencies PTE1, PTE2 Figure 4

[0098] If the electric power amount of the difference ΔPC is transmitted from the power supply device 45 to the vehicle 50B, the user of the vehicle 50B incurs an additional electric power cost ΔPAB (= UPRP x ΔPC) as a result of the non-contact charging. As a result, the total electric power cost PCB incurred by the vehicle 50B is more than the electric power cost PCA of the vehicle 50A (PCB = PCA + ΔPAB).

[0099] ​The graph 230 indicates DR benefits obtained by the vehicles 50A, 50B when participating in the DR in the comparative example. The DR benefit PA is obtained by subtracting the power cost PCA from the DR reward RWA. The DR benefit PB of the vehicle 50B is obtained by subtracting the power cost PCB from the DR reward RWB. In this example, since the DR reward RWB is equal to the DR reward RWA (the graph 220), the DR benefit PB (PB0) of the vehicle 50B is less than the DR benefit PA (PA0) of the vehicle 50A by the difference ΔP (= ΔPAB) of these benefits.

[0100] According to the above, the vehicle 50B will suffer disadvantage compared to the vehicle 50A, and the user of the vehicle 50B can feel unfairness due to the disadvantage compared to the user of the vehicle 50A. If the user of the vehicle 50B loses the motivation to participate in the DR due to the unfairness, the electric power resource participating in the DR by the non-contact charging can decrease. Or, it is possible that the vehicle 50B does not perform the non-contact charging during the period in which the vehicle 50B is desired to participate in the DR by the non-contact charging (e.g., charging while traveling). Also, it is even conceivable that the vehicle 50B performs the contact charging instead of the non-contact charging after the period ends. Such a situation can cause the situation in which the balance of supply and demand of electric power is not properly adjusted.

[0101] The server 600 according to Embodiment 1 has a configuration for coping with the problem as described above. Specifically, the communication device 630 acquires the amount of power transmission PT transmitted from the electric power device in the external charging of the vehicle 50 participating in the DR. In the case where each vehicle 50 participates in the DR, the processing device 605 sets a reference reward in accordance with the amount of power transmission PT. The reference reward is a reference of the reward given to each vehicle 50 from the aggregator. Details of the setting method of the reference reward will be described later.

[0102] In the case where the vehicle 50A participates in the DR, the processing device 605 determines the DR reward RWA (1st reward) given to the vehicle 50A from the aggregator in such a manner that the DR reward RWA becomes the reference reward of the vehicle 50A. On the other hand, in the case where the vehicle 50B participates in the DR, the processing device 605 determines the DR reward RWB (2nd reward) given to the vehicle 50B from the aggregator in such a manner that the DR reward RWB becomes more than the reference reward of the vehicle 50B.

[0103] With this configuration, the DR reward RWB is more than the reference reward of the vehicle 50B with respect to the reference reward of the vehicle 50A as the DR reward RWA, and thus the vehicle 50B can be benefited more than the vehicle 50A from the reward point of view. For this reason, it is possible to improve the situation in which the vehicle 50B suffers disadvantage compared to the vehicle 50A.

[0104] In this embodiment 1, the processing device 605 determines the DR remuneration RWA based on the power supply PT1 and the DR remuneration unit price UPRR1 (first unit price). The processing device 605 determines the DR remuneration RWB based on the power supply PT2 and the DR remuneration unit price UPRR2 (second unit price). The processing device 605 determines the DR remuneration unit price UPRR1 and the DR remuneration unit price UPRR2 in such a way that the DR remuneration unit price UPRR2 is higher than the DR remuneration unit price UPRR1.

[0105] Figure 6 This is a diagram used to illustrate the case where the DR reward RWB is determined to be higher than the benchmark reward in Implementation 1.

[0106] Reference Figure 6 Figure 240 shows the DR rewards RWA and RWB in Implementation Method 1. The difference between Figure 240 and Figure 220 is that the DR reward RWB ratio is shown in the comparison example (…). Figure 5 In the case of ), the difference ΔRW is multiplied. More specifically, the difference between Chart 240 and Chart 220 is that the DR return unit price UPRR2 (=UPRR20) is higher than in the case of the comparison example (UPRR20>UPRR10). In other respects, Chart 240 and Chart 220 are basically the same.

[0107] In this embodiment 1, a base reward RS is set for vehicles 50A and 50B. The base reward RS for vehicles 50A and 50B is set according to the power supply force PT (for example, the larger the power supply force PT, the higher the RS). In this example, both are RW0.

[0108] The DR compensation RWA for vehicle 50A is determined to be equal to the base compensation RS for vehicle 50A (RWA = RS). In this example, the DR compensation unit price UPRR1 (=UPRR10) for vehicle 50A is the same as in the comparative example.

[0109] On the other hand, the DR compensation RWB of vehicle 50B is determined to be an amount ΔRW (=ΔPAB) greater than the base compensation RS of vehicle 50B (RWB=RWB0=RS+ΔRW). More specifically, the DR compensation unit price UPRR2 is determined to be higher than in the comparative example (UPRR20>UPRR10). As mentioned above, the DR compensation RWB is determined to be greater than the base compensation RS of vehicle 50B, which, from another perspective, is equivalent to filling the difference ΔRW amount to vehicle 50B (as an additional compensation payment) compared to the comparative example.

[0110] As a result, even if vehicle 50B incurs additional electricity costs ΔPAB due to power loss during contactless charging, the electricity costs ΔPAB and the additional benefits of the difference ΔRW will offset each other.

[0111] The graph 250 shows the DR benefits PA, PB in Embodiment 1. In Embodiment 1, the DR benefit PB of the vehicle 50B is more than in the case of the comparative example (PB0). As a result, the difference ΔP of the DR benefits PA, PB is smaller than in the case of the comparative example (PB0). In this example, the DR rewards RWA, RB are determined in such a way that the difference ΔP becomes 0. Thereby, the unfairness between the vehicles 50A, 50B is eliminated. Figure 5 Figure 5 In this example, the DR rewards RWA, RB are determined in such a way that the difference ΔP becomes 0. Thereby, the unfairness between the vehicles 50A, 50B is eliminated.

[0112] The DR rewards RWA, RB can also be determined in such a way that the difference ΔP is smaller than a threshold value TH. In this case, the situation where the DR benefits PA, PB deviate can also be avoided. As a result, the DR rewards RWA, RB can be appropriately determined while reducing the unfairness compared to the case of the comparative example. The threshold value TH described above is appropriately determined to be a value of 0 or more, but is preferably substantially 0.

[0113] According to the above, in Embodiment 1, the situation where the user of the vehicle 50B loses the motivation to participate in the DR due to the unfairness can be avoided. As a result, the reduction in the vehicles 50B participating in the DR can be suppressed, and a contribution to the adjustment of the power supply-demand balance can be made.

[0114] Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of data stored in the storage device 620 of the server 600. Referring to Figure 7 , the storage device 620 stores adjustment plan information 650, power cost unit price information 670, resource information 665, power transmission plan information 666, and DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668.

[0115] The adjustment plan information 650 shows an adjustment plan of the power supply-demand balance decided in accordance with a prior contract between the aggregator and the power company. The adjustment plan information 650 shows, for each DR period, an adjustment request power amount ARP, an adjustment reward AR, an adjustment reward unit price ARUP, a total reward amount TRA, and an adjustment benefit APR. The length of each DR period is, for example, 30 minutes, but is not limited.

[0116] The adjustment request power amount ARP shows the power amount that the power company requests the aggregator to adjust (raise or lower) in the power system PG. The adjustment reward AR shows the reward that the aggregator receives from the power company in the case where the adjustment request power amount ARP is successfully adjusted. The adjustment reward unit price ARUP shows the unit price of the adjustment reward AR with respect to the adjustment request power amount ARP.

[0117] ​The total reward amount (total allocation amount) TRA represents a total of the rewards given (allocated) to each vehicle 50 from the aggregator in the adjusted profit APR. In a case where at least one vehicle 50A and at least one vehicle 50B participate in the DR, the total reward amount TRA is the sum of the total of the DR rewards RWA of each vehicle 50A and the total of the DR rewards RWB of each vehicle 50B. Hereinafter, for simplicity of explanation, a case where the total reward amount TRA is the total of the reward RWA of one vehicle 50A and the reward RWB of one vehicle 50B is representatively explained.

[0118] The adjusted profit APR represents a profit obtained by the aggregator when the power adjustment is successfully made. The adjusted profit APR is the difference between the adjustment reward AR and the total reward amount TRA (APR = AR - TRA). The power cost unit price information 670 represents the power cost unit price UPRP of the power system PG.

[0119] The resource information 665 represents, by resource ID, the manner of external charging of each power resource (in this example, each vehicle 50). The resource ID is a number for identifying the power resource. Further, the resource information 665 represents, by period, whether each power resource can participate in the DR and the manner of external charging during the DR period. The resource information 665 is determined in accordance with the contents of the contract made between the aggregator and the user of each power resource.

[0120] The vehicle having the resource ID of R1 or R2 can perform both the contact charging and the non-contact charging. In this example, it is assumed that the vehicle having the ID of R1 corresponds to the vehicle 50A Figure 3 ), and the vehicle having the ID of R2 corresponds to the vehicle 50B.

[0121] The power transmission plan information 666 represents, by equipment ID and DR period, the power transmission amount PT and the manner of power transmission from the power equipment to the vehicle. In this example, it is assumed that the power equipment having the ID of PE1 corresponds to the charging column 40, and the power equipment having the ID of PE2 corresponds to the power equipment 45.

[0122] The DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 represents, by resource ID and DR period, the unit price of the DR reward of the power resource and the DR reward. The DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 depends on the power transmission amount PT of the power transmission plan information 666. For example, for the vehicle 50A having the resource ID of R1, the DR reward RWA during the period P1 is prA1 (= uprA1 x a1).

[0123] Figure 8 is a functional block diagram for explaining the functions of the server 600 according to Embodiment 1. In the following explanation, appropriate reference is made to Figures 4 to 7 .

[0124] ReferenceFigure 8 The server 600 is provided with the charge power amount acquisition section 400, the extra power cost calculation section 404, the power transmission amount acquisition section 406, the DR reward calculation section 405, and the power cost calculation section 408. The server 600 is further provided with the DR benefit calculation section 410, the DR benefit difference calculation section 425, the determination section 430, the reference reward setting section 435, the make-up amount setting section 440, and the DR reward unit price setting section 445. The server 600 is further provided with the DR reward determination section 450, the total reward amount setting section 460, the power transmission plan setting section 470, the power transmission plan transmission section 475, the charge plan transmission section 476, and the DR period start notification section 488.

[0125] The functions of the charge power amount acquisition section 400, the power transmission amount acquisition section 406, the power transmission plan transmission section 475, the charge plan transmission section 476, and the DR period start notification section 488 are realized by the communication device 630 working in accordance with an instruction from the processing device 605. The other functions are realized by the processing device 605 working.

[0126] The charge power amount acquisition section 400 acquires the signals SA1, SB1 from the vehicles 50A, 50B, respectively, through communication after the end of the DR period. The signal SA1 indicates the charge power amount of the battery 130A of the vehicle 50A during the DR period. The signal SB1 indicates the charge power amount of the battery 130B of the vehicle 50B during the DR period.

[0127] The extra power cost calculation section 404 calculates the difference ΔPC by dividing the difference ΔPR( Figure 4 ) of the charge power amounts of the batteries 130A, 130B by the power transmission efficiency PTE2 of the power equipment 45. The difference ΔPC is the power amount that needs to be extra transmitted from the power equipment 45 to the vehicle 50B. The extra power cost calculation section 404 calculates the extra power cost ΔPAB( Figure 5 ) of the vehicle 50B in accordance with the power cost unit price UPRP and the difference ΔPC. The power transmission efficiencies PTE1, PTE2 are calculated by the processing device 605 at the end of the DR period and stored in the storage device 620.

[0128] The power transmission amount acquisition section 406 acquires the signals SA2, SB2 from the charging stand 40 and the power equipment 45, respectively, through communication after the end of the DR period. The signal SA2 indicates the power transmission amount PT1 during the DR period. The power transmission amount PT1 is calculated by the control device 41 in accordance with the detection values of the voltage sensor 44A and the current sensor 44B of the charging stand 40. The signal SB2 indicates the power transmission amount PT2 during the DR period. The power transmission amount PT2 is calculated by the control device 47 in accordance with the detection values of the voltage sensor 48A and the current sensor 48B of the power equipment 45.

[0129] The DR reward calculation section 405 calculates tentative values of the DR rewards RWA, RWB in accordance with the results of the acquisition by the power transmission amount acquisition section 406. Specifically, the DR reward calculation section 405 calculates a tentative value of the DR reward RWA in accordance with the DR reward unit price UPRRl (set to UPRRlO in this example) in the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 and the power transmission amount PTl. The tentative DR reward of the vehicle 50A thus calculated is also referred to as a tentative first reward. The tentative first reward is, for example, RW0. Further, assuming that the DR reward unit price UPRR2 in the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 is a default value equal to the DR reward unit price UPRRl, the DR reward calculation section 405 calculates a tentative value of the DR reward RWB in accordance with the power transmission amount PT2 and the DR reward unit price UPRR2. The tentative DR reward of the vehicle 50B thus calculated is also referred to as a tentative second reward. The tentative second reward is, for example, equal to the tentative first reward, RW0. The DR reward unit price UPRR2 in the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 can be changed from the default value later (described later). Figure 7 Figure 6 The DR reward calculation section 405 calculates tentative values of the DR rewards RWA, RWB in accordance with the results of the acquisition by the power transmission amount acquisition section 406. Specifically, the DR reward calculation section 405 calculates a tentative value of the DR reward RWA in accordance with the DR reward unit price UPRRl (set to UPRRlO in this example) in the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 and the power transmission amount PTl. The tentative DR reward of the vehicle 50A thus calculated is also referred to as a tentative first reward. The tentative first reward is, for example, RW0. Further, assuming that the DR reward unit price UPRR2 in the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 is a default value equal to the DR reward unit price UPRRl, the DR reward calculation section 405 calculates a tentative value of the DR reward RWB in accordance with the power transmission amount PT2 and the DR reward unit price UPRR2. The tentative DR reward of the vehicle 50B thus calculated is also referred to as a tentative second reward. The tentative second reward is, for example, equal to the tentative first reward, RW0. The DR reward unit price UPRR2 in the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 can be changed from the default value later (described later).

[0130] The power cost calculation section 408 calculates the power costs of the vehicles 50A, 50B for the DR period. Specifically, the power cost calculation section 408 calculates the power cost PCA in accordance with the power transmission amount PTl and the power cost unit price information 670 Figure 8 . Similarly, the power cost calculation section 408 calculates the power cost PCB0 in accordance with the power transmission amount PT2 and the power cost unit price information 670. Further, the power cost calculation section 408 calculates the power cost PCB in accordance with the power cost PCB0 and the additional power cost ΔPAB of the vehicle 50B.

[0131] The DR benefit calculation section 410 calculates a tentative DR benefit of the vehicle 50A (tentative first benefit) and a tentative DR benefit of the vehicle 50B (tentative second benefit). Specifically, the DR benefit calculation section 410 calculates the tentative first benefit by subtracting the power cost PCA from the tentative first reward. Similarly, the DR benefit calculation section 410 calculates the tentative second benefit by subtracting the power cost PCB from the tentative second reward.

[0132] The DR benefit difference calculation section 425 calculates a tentative benefit difference as a difference between the tentative first benefit and the tentative second benefit.

[0133] The determination section 430 determines whether the DR reward unit price UPRR2 needs to be changed from the default value in accordance with the tentative benefit difference. Specifically, the determination section 430 determines whether the tentative benefit difference is equal to or greater than a threshold value TH.

[0134] ​When the provisional benefit difference is less than the threshold TH, the unfairness between vehicle 50A and vehicle 50B is zero, or small enough to be practically harmless. In this case, the provisional first benefit and provisional second benefit are determined as benefit PA and benefit PB, respectively.

[0135] On the other hand, when the provisional benefit difference exceeds the threshold TH, the provisional second benefit is less than the provisional first benefit to a degree that cannot be ignored due to unfairness. Therefore, the provisional first benefit and provisional second benefit should not be determined as benefit PA and benefit PB (e.g., Figure 5 Chart 230).

[0136] The determination unit 430 can also determine whether the difference between the ratio of the provisional first benefit to the power supply PT1 (provisional first benefit rate) and the ratio of the provisional second benefit to the power supply PT2 (provisional second benefit rate) is above a threshold rate. Preferably, the threshold rate is appropriately predetermined so that it is substantially 0 (e.g., greater than or equal to 0 and less than 0.1). Thus, even when the power supply PT1 and PT2 are different, it is possible to determine whether there is unfairness.

[0137] When the provisional profit difference is above the threshold TH, the benchmark compensation setting unit 435 sets the benchmark compensation RS for vehicles 50A and 50B according to the power transmission force PT. In Embodiment 1, the benchmark compensation setting unit 435 uses the benchmark compensation RS for vehicles 50A and 50B as the power transmission force PT and the DR compensation unit price UPRR1. Figure 6 The base payable (RS) is calculated as the product of UPRR10. In this example, the base payable (RS) for vehicles 50A and 50B is... Figure 6 RW0.

[0138] The fill-in amount setting unit 440 sets the fill-in amount for vehicle 50B in such a way that the difference ΔP between benefits PA and PB is less than a threshold TH. In this example, the fill-in amount setting unit 440 sets the fill-in amount for vehicle 50B in such a way that the difference ΔP between benefits PA and PB is less than a threshold TH. Figure 6 The aforementioned filler amount is set in a manner that offsets the additional compensation of the difference ΔRW. This filler amount is preferably equal to the electricity cost ΔPAB, but it can also be less than the electricity cost ΔPAB.

[0139] The DR compensation unit price setting unit 445 sets these unit prices in a manner that reflects the aforementioned fill-in amount in the DR compensation unit prices UPRR1 and UPRR2. In this example, the DR compensation unit price setting unit 445 maintains the DR compensation unit price UPRR1 at UPRR10. Figure 6 On the other hand, the DR compensation unit price setting unit 445 rewrites the DR compensation unit price / DR compensation information 668 and sets the DR compensation unit price UPRR2 to UPRR20, which is higher than the default value (UPRR10).

[0140] After that, the DR reward calculation section 405 calculates the DR rewards RWA, RWB in accordance with the DR reward unit price (rewritten DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668) set as described above. In this example, the DR reward RWA remains equal to the provisional first reward RW0. On the other hand, the DR reward RWB is increased by the difference ΔRW from the provisional second reward RW0.

[0141] The DR benefit calculation section 410 calculates the DR benefit PA( Figure 6 ) in accordance with the DR rewards RWA and the power cost PCA thus calculated. Likewise, the DR benefit calculation section 410 calculates the DR benefit PB in accordance with the DR rewards RWB and the power cost PCB thus calculated.

[0142] The DR benefit difference calculation section 425 calculates the difference ΔP of the DR benefits PA, PB. In this example, the DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 has been rewritten so that the difference ΔP is smaller than the threshold value TH.

[0143] The determination section 430 determines whether the difference ΔP is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH, and determines that the difference ΔP is smaller than the threshold value TH.

[0144] The DR reward decision section 450 decides the DR rewards RWA, RWB calculated in accordance with the rewritten DR reward unit price / DR reward information 668 as the DR rewards of the vehicles 50A, 50B, respectively. The decided DR rewards RWA, RWB are sent to a server (not shown) that manages bank accounts of users of the vehicles 50A, 50B.

[0145] The total reward amount setting section 460 sets the total reward amount TRA( Figure 7 ) in accordance with the decision results of the rewards RWA, RWB. In this example, the total reward amount TRA is set to the sum of the rewards RWA, RWB for simplicity of explanation. If the total reward amount setting section 460 sets the total reward amount TRA as described above, the total reward amount TRA increases as the DR reward RWB increases. The total reward amount setting section 460 rewrites the adjustment plan information 650 so that the total reward amount TRA increases. As a result, the adjustment benefit APR( Figure 6 ) decreases (is updated) compared to before the adjustment plan information 650 is rewritten.

[0146] The power transmission plan setting section 470 sets a power transmission plan for the charging station 40 and the power equipment 45 in the DR period, in accordance with the adjustment plan information 650 and the resource information 665. Specifically, the power transmission plan setting section 470 selects, from among the plurality of power resources, the power resources (e.g., the vehicles 50A, 50B) that can participate in the DR in the target period, in accordance with the resource information 665. The power transmission plan setting section 470 sets the power transmission plan information 666 in accordance with the adjustment request power amount ARP determined based on the adjustment plan information 650.

[0147] The power transmission plan transmitting section 475 transmits the power transmission plan information 666 to the power equipment (the charging station 40 and the power equipment 45). The charging station 40 and the power equipment 45 transmit the power of the power transmission amount PT to the vehicles 50A, 50B in the DR period, in accordance with the transmitted power transmission plan information 666.

[0148] The charging plan transmitting section 476 transmits a plan for external charging in the DR period to the vehicles 50A, 50B. The plan includes information indicating the start time and the end time of the DR period. The plan is created in accordance with the power transmission plan information 666.

[0149] The DR period start notification section 488 performs processing for notifying the users of the vehicles 50A, 50B when the start time of the DR period of the vehicles 50A, 50B comes. Specifically, the DR period start notification section 488 transmits the notification signal S31A, S31B notifying the above-described coming of the start time to the vehicles 50A, 50B, respectively.

[0150] For example, assume that the vehicle 50B participates in the DR by performing the in-travel charging. In a case where the vehicle 50B travels in a travel lane different from the power supply lane (e.g., a travel lane adjacent to the power supply lane and not having a power supply function) until the start time of the DR period comes, the notification signal S31B urges the user of the vehicle 50B to cause the vehicle 50B to travel on the power supply lane.

[0151] Specifically, the ECU 150 of the vehicle 50B causes the display device 174 of the HMI device 170 to display a notification screen for notifying the user of the above-described notification in response to the reception of the notification signal S31B. The ECU 150 can also control the communication device 180 so that the notification screen is displayed on the display device 316 of the user terminal 300. By thus notifying, the aggregator can cause the vehicle 50B to actually participate in the DR.

[0152] Figure 9is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device 605 of the server 600 before the subject's DR period in Embodiment 1. When the server 600 receives an adjustment request ARE( ) indicating that the power supply is more than the power demand in the power system PG during the subject's DR period (step S10), the process of the flowchart is started. Figure 1

[0153] Referring to Figure 9 , the processing device 605 selects, in accordance with the resource information 665, power resources (in this example, the vehicles 50A, 50B) that can participate in the DR during the subject period (step S20).

[0154] Next, the processing device 605 sets the power delivery plan information 666 in accordance with the adjustment request power amount ARP determined from the adjustment plan information 650 (step S25).

[0155] Next, the processing device 605 transmits a plan for external charging to the vehicles 50A, 50B (step S30) and transmits the power delivery plan information 666 to the power devices (the charging station 40 and the power device 45) (step S40).

[0156] Figure 10 is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device 605 after the subject's DR period ends in Embodiment 1.

[0157] Referring to Figure 10 , the processing device 605 acquires, by the communication device 630, the charging power amount of the battery 130A of the vehicle 50A that performed contact charging for the DR from the vehicle 50A (step S105).

[0158] Next, the processing device 605 acquires, by the communication device 630, the charging power amount of the battery 130B of the vehicle 50B that performed non-contact charging for the DR from the vehicle 50B (step S110).

[0159] Next, the processing device 605 acquires the power delivery amount PT of each power device (in this example, the charging station 40 and the power device 45) used for the DR (step S115).

[0160] Next, the processing device 605 calculates the power cost for each vehicle that participated in the DR (step S120). In this example, the processing device 605 calculates the power costs PCA, PCB( ). Figure 6 The power cost PCB includes the power cost PCB0 for the DR and the additional power cost ΔPAB.

[0161] ​Next, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative DR reward of each vehicle (step S125). In this example, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative 1st reward of the vehicle 50A and the tentative 2nd reward of the vehicle 50B.

[0162] Next, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative DR benefit of each vehicle (step S130). In this example, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative 1st benefit of the vehicle 50A and the tentative 2nd benefit of the vehicle 50B.

[0163] Next, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative benefit difference between the vehicle 50A and the vehicle 50B by calculating the difference between the tentative 1st benefit of the vehicle 50A and the tentative 2nd benefit of the vehicle 50B (step S135).

[0164] Next, the processing device 605 determines whether the tentative DR benefit difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH (step S140). In the case where the tentative DR benefit difference is smaller than the threshold value TH (step S140: No), the processing device 605 causes the process to proceed to step S150. On the other hand, in the case where the tentative DR benefit difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH (step S140: Yes), the processing device 605 executes the process for correcting the unfairness between the vehicle 50A and the vehicle 50B (step S145).

[0165] Figure 11 is a flowchart for explaining details of the process for correcting the unfairness (step S145) of Figure 10

[0166] Referring to Figure 11 , the processing device 605 calculates the reference reward RS with respect to the power transmission amount PT for the vehicle 50A and the vehicle 50B (step S1451). In this example, it is assumed that the power transmission amount PT1 is equal to the power transmission amount PT2, and the reference rewards RS of the vehicle 50A and the vehicle 50B are both RW0. Figure 6

[0167] Next, the processing device 605 sets the reward given as the compensation amount for the vehicle 50B (for example, the additional reward of the difference ΔRW of the DR reward unit price UPRR1 and the DR reward unit price UPRR2) (step S1452). Figure 6

[0168] Next, the processing device 605 sets the DR reward unit prices UPRR1 and UPRR2 in such a manner that the above-described compensation amount is reflected in the DR reward unit prices (step S1455). Specifically, the processing device 605 sets the DR reward unit prices in such a manner that the difference ΔP of the DR reward unit price UPRR1 and the DR reward unit price UPRR2 is smaller than the threshold value TH. Figure 6

[0169] ​​​​Next, the processing device 605 determines the DR reward RWA (1st reward) and the DR reward RWB (2nd reward) in accordance with the DR reward unit prices UPRR1, UPRR2 set in step S1455 (step S1457). In this example, the DR reward RWA is RW0 Figure 6 ), and the DR reward RWB is RW0+ΔRW. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S150 Figure 10 ).

[0170] Referring back to Figure 10 , the processing device 605 determines the total reward amount TRA in accordance with the determination results of the DR rewards RWA, RWB (step S150). Thereafter, the series of processing ends.

[0171] Figure 12 is a flowchart showing an example of processing performed by the ECU 150 of the vehicle 50. When the vehicle 50 transmits the consent signal S11 Figure 1 ) to the server 600 in a case where the travel route of the vehicle 50 is set, the processing of this flowchart is started.

[0172] Next, the ECU 150 determines whether the DR period has come (step S215). The ECU 150 performs this determination processing in accordance with the contract information stored in the storage device 153. In a case where the DR period has not come yet (step S215: No), the ECU 150 performs this determination processing until the period comes. On the other hand, in a case where the DR period has come (step S215: Yes), the ECU 150 causes the processing to proceed to step S217.

[0173] Next, the ECU 150 notifies the user of the vehicle 50 of the coming of the DR period (step S217). For example, in a case where the ECU 150 is mounted on the vehicle 50B and the vehicle 50B participates in the DR by performing the travel charging, the ECU 150 causes the display device 174 to display the aforementioned notification screen.

[0174] Next, the ECU 150 determines whether the externally chargeable condition of the vehicle 50 is satisfied (step S218). In a case where the vehicle 50 is the vehicle 50A, the externally chargeable condition is that the connector 43 is inserted into the socket 110. In a case where the vehicle 50 is the vehicle 50B, the externally chargeable condition is that the distance between the vehicle 50 and the power device 45 is less than the threshold distance at which the vehicle 50 is able to receive power from the power device 45 (for example, the vehicle 50 travels on a power supply lane).

[0175] When the external charging condition is not satisfied (step S218: No), the ECU 150 executes the above determination process until the condition is satisfied. On the other hand, when the external charging condition is satisfied (step S218: Yes), the ECU 150 advances the process to step S220.

[0176] Next, the ECU 150 performs external charging (contact charging or non-contact charging) to enable the vehicle 50 to participate in DR (step S220). This external charging continues until the end of the DR period.

[0177] Modification Example 1 of Embodiment 1

[0178] In the above-described Embodiment 1, the processing device 605 determines the rewards RWA and RWB in such a manner that the reward RWB increases while the reward RWA remains unchanged ( Figure 6 ). As a result, the total reward amount TRA ( Figure 7 ) given from the aggregator to each vehicle 50 increases.

[0179] In this Modification Example 1, the processing device 605 determines the reward RWA and the reward RWB in such a manner that the total reward amount TRA of the adjustment plan information 650 is kept constant.

[0180] As a result, the above-described situation where the total reward amount TRA increases can be avoided. Thus, the aggregator can avoid the situation where the adjustment profit APR ( Figure 7 ) decreases as the total reward amount TRA increases, and can appropriately distribute the total reward amount TRA to the vehicles 50A and 50B. Thus, by avoiding the situation where the operators newly joining the aggregator business decrease, it is possible to contribute to the adjustment of the power supply-demand balance.

[0181] Figure 13 It is a diagram for explaining the method of determining the DR rewards for the vehicles 50A and 50B in this Modification Example 1.

[0182] Refer to Figure 13 , and the graph 260 shows the reference rewards RS and the DR rewards RWA and RWB for the vehicles 50A and 50B in this modification example. In this example, the reference rewards RS for the vehicles 50A and 50B are both smaller than the reference reward of Embodiment 1 ( Figure 6 RW0).

[0183] The DR reward unit price UPRR1 is set lower than in the case of the above-described Embodiment 1 (UPRR15 < UPRR10). The DR reward RWA is equal to the reference reward RS of the vehicle 50A (= UPRR15 × PT), and on the other hand, is less than RW0 of Embodiment 1.

[0184] The DR compensation RWB is determined to be more differential ΔRW than the benchmark compensation RS of vehicle 50B. On the other hand, compared to implementation method 1 ( Figure 6 In the case of RWB0, the difference ΔRWW is low. In this example, the DR compensation unit price UPRR2 is set lower than in the case of the aforementioned implementation method 1, and on the other hand, it is set higher than the DR compensation unit price UPRR1 (UPRR15). <UPRR2=UPRR25<UPRR10)。

[0185] Figure 270 illustrates the DR benefits obtained by vehicles 50A and 50B when participating in DR in this variant 1. The DR benefit PA is determined to be greater than that in the case of implementation method 1 ( Figure 6 In this case, the DR benefit PB is less than ΔPA. On the other hand, in this example, the DR benefit PB is more than ΔPA than the DR benefit PB (PB0) of the comparative example. That is, a portion (ΔPA) of the DR benefit (PA0) of vehicle 50A is filled in the DR benefit PB.

[0186] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of the processing performed by the processing device 605 after the DR period of the object ends in this variation 1. In this example, the total reward amount (total allocation amount) TRA remains constant.

[0187] Reference Figure 14 This flowchart is the same as the flowchart of the aforementioned Implementation Method 1 ( Figure 10 The difference is that the process of determining the total reward amount (step S150) is not performed. The processes of steps S205 to S245 are respectively different from... Figure 6 The processing of steps S105 to S145 is the same.

[0188] In step S245, the DR compensation RWA and RWB (more specifically, the DR compensation unit prices UPRR1 and UPRR2) are determined in a manner that keeps the total compensation amount TRA constant. Specifically, the DR compensation RWA and RWB are determined in a manner that allows a portion of the DR benefit of vehicle 50A to be added to the DR benefit PB (see reference). Figure 13 ).

[0189] Variation 2 of Implementation Method 1

[0190] When vehicles 50A and 50B utilize the toll infrastructure 310 for vehicles, the processing unit 605 can also determine the remuneration RWA and remuneration RWB in a manner that enables vehicle 50B to utilize the toll infrastructure 310 at a lower cost than vehicle 50A.

[0191] For example, the processing unit 605 sends data to the server 305 of the operator of the management and charging infrastructure 310. Figure 1) an output request to discount (reduce the price of) the usage fee of the vehicle 50B by the difference ΔRW from the usage fee of the vehicle 50A. Figure 6 In this example, assume that the server 305 allows the vehicle 50B to use the toll facility 310 at the discount amount. Thereafter, the processing device 605 performs a settlement process to pay the difference ΔRW in the fee from the aggregator to the manager of the toll facility 310.

[0192] Thus, the difference ΔRW in the DR reward RWB of the vehicle 50B is paid to the vehicle 50B from the aggregator indirectly through the manager as the discount amount described above. In this modified example 2, thus, the DR reward RWB is composed of a reward directly paid to the vehicle 50B from the aggregator (equal to the DR reward RWA of the vehicle 50A) and a reward indirectly paid to the vehicle 50B from the aggregator as the discount amount (discount amount). Thus, from the viewpoint of the usage fee of the toll facility 310, the vehicle 50B can be more benefited than the vehicle 50A.

[0193] Figure 15 is a functional block diagram for describing the functions of the server 600 according to the modified example 2. Referring to Figure 15 The server 600 according to the modified example 2 differs from the server 600 of the embodiment 1 ( Figure 8 ) in that the discount amount decision section 447 and the discount information transmission section 477 are provided in place of the DR reward unit price setting section 445. As to other aspects, the functional structure of the server 600 according to the modified example 2 is basically the same as that of the server 600 of the embodiment 1.

[0194] In a case where the provisional DR benefit difference is determined to be equal to or greater than the threshold value TH in the decision section 430, the DR reward decision section 450 decides the provisional first reward and the provisional second reward equal to the reward as the DR reward directly paid to the vehicles 50A, 50B from the aggregator, respectively. Further, the reference reward setting section 435 sets the reference rewards RS of the vehicles 50A, 50B to the provisional first reward and the provisional second reward described above, respectively. The make-up amount setting section 440 sets the make-up amount for the vehicle 50B in accordance with the provisional DR benefit difference and the reference reward RS of the vehicle 50B.

[0195] The discount amount decision section 447 decides the discount amount when the vehicle 50B uses the toll facility 310 in accordance with the make-up amount. The discount amount decision section 447, for example, decides the discount amount in accordance with the difference ΔRW ( Figure 6 ). The discount information transmission section 477 transmits information indicating the decided discount amount to the server 305.

[0196] Figure 16is a flowchart showing details of the process executed in this modification example 2 in order to correct the inequity between the vehicle 50A and the vehicle 50B. In Figure 10 the case where the provisional DR benefit difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH in step S140 (step S140: No), the process is executed.

[0197] With reference to Figure 16 , the processing device 605 sets the amount of the make-up as the discount amount of the vehicle 50B (step S1453). Next, the processing device 605 transmits information indicating the set discount amount to the server 305 that manages the toll infrastructure 310 (step S1458). After that, the process proceeds to step S150 of Figure 10 .

[0198] Embodiment 2

[0199] Each vehicle 50 including the vehicles 50A and 50B can also be configured to be able to execute external power supply that supplies the electric power accumulated in the battery 130 to the electric power device (for example, the charging station 40 or the electric power device 45). In this case, the electric power device 45 operates as a power receiving device that receives electric power from the vehicle 50 in a non-contact manner.

[0200] When each vehicle 50 executes the external power supply, the electric power is supplied from each vehicle 50 to the electric power system PG through the electric power device, and thus, it is possible to increase the electric power supply in the electric power system PG. Due to this, in the case where the electric power demand is more than the electric power supply in the electric power system PG, each vehicle 50 can participate in the DR by executing the external power supply.

[0201] The external power supply in which the vehicle 50A supplies the electric power accumulated in the battery 130A to the charging station 40 through the electric power cable 42 is also referred to as contact power supply. The external power supply in which the vehicle 50B supplies the electric power accumulated in the battery 130B to the electric power device 45 in a non-contact manner is also referred to as non-contact power supply. In the case where the non-contact power supply is executed, the power receiving device 123 functions as a power supply device that supplies electric power from the vehicle 50 to the electric power device 45 in a non-contact manner. That is, the vehicle 50B can execute the non-contact power supply through this power supply device.

[0202] Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that the amount of electric power supplied from the vehicle 50A to the charging station 40 is equal to the amount of electric power supplied from the vehicle 50B to the electric power device 45.

[0203] In a case where the vehicle 50B participates in the DR by performing the non-contact power feeding, the amount of power loss in the amount of power fed from the vehicle 50 to the power equipment is generally larger than in a case where the vehicle 50A participates in the DR by performing the contact power feeding. For this reason, the amount of power received by the power equipment 45 accompanying the DR is sometimes less than the amount of power received by the charging station 40. Thus, the amount of power supplied from the vehicle 50B to the power system PG through the power equipment 45 is less than the amount of power supplied from the vehicle 50A to the power system PG through the charging station 40.

[0204] Thus, the vehicle 50B contributes to the power system PG to a lesser extent than the vehicle 50A. As a result, although the amount of reduction in the electric power of the battery 130 is the same for the vehicles 50A, 50B, the reward for the vehicle 50B can become less than the reward for the vehicle 50A. Alternatively, in a case where the amount of power received by the charging station 40 from the vehicle 50A is equal to the amount of power received by the power equipment 45 from the vehicle 50B, the amount of reduction in the electric power of the battery 130B accompanying the DR is more than the amount of reduction in the electric power of the battery 130A due to the difference in the amount of power loss. Thus, inequity between the vehicles 50A, 50B arises.

[0205] The processing device 605 of the server 600 according to Embodiment 2 is provided with a configuration for coping with such a problem.

[0206] Specifically, the communication device 630 acquires the amount of power received by the power equipment from the vehicle 50 in external power feeding of the vehicle 50 participating in the DR. The communication device 630, for example, acquires the amount of power received by the charging station 40 from the vehicle 50A during the DR period (first amount of power received) and the amount of power received by the power equipment 45 from the vehicle 50B during the DR period (second amount of power received).

[0207] The processing device 605 calculates the reference reward RS for each vehicle 50 participating in the DR by performing external power feeding in terms of the amount of power received by the power equipment. For example, in a case where the vehicle 50A participates in the DR by performing the contact power feeding, the processing device 605 calculates the reference reward RS for the vehicle 50A in terms of the amount of power received by the charging station 40 during the DR period. Also, the processing device 605 determines the reward RWA in such a manner that the DR reward RWA becomes the reference reward RS for the vehicle 50A.

[0208] Similarly, the processing device 605 calculates the reference reward RS for the vehicle 50B participating in the DR by performing the non-contact power feeding in terms of the amount of power received by the power equipment 45 during the DR period. Also, the processing device 605 determines the reward RWB in such a manner that the DR reward RWB becomes more than the reference reward RS for the vehicle 50B.

[0209] Figure 17is a flowchart showing an example of the process performed by the processing device 605 after the end of the DR of the subject in Embodiment 2. This flowchart is executed in a case where the power demand is more than the power supply in the power system PG.

[0210] Referring to Figure 17 The processing device 605 acquires the amount of power transmitted from the vehicle 50A to the charging stand 40 by the vehicle 50A that performed contact power feeding for the DR through the communication device 630 (step S305). The amount of power is calculated by the ECU 150 of the vehicle 50A from the voltage sensor 121 and the current sensor 122 of the vehicle 50A.

[0211] Next, the processing device 605 acquires the amount of power transmitted from the vehicle 50B to the power equipment 45 by the vehicle 50B that performed non-contact charging for the DR through the communication device 630 (step S310). The amount of power is calculated by the ECU 150 of the vehicle 50B from the voltage sensor 141 and the current sensor 142 of the vehicle 50B.

[0212] Next, the processing device 605 acquires the amount of power received by each power equipment used for the DR (in this example, the charging stand 40 and the power equipment 45) (step S315).

[0213] Next, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative DR reward of each vehicle 50 (step S325). In this example, the processing device 605 calculates a tentative 1st reward for the vehicle 50A and a tentative 2nd reward for the vehicle 50B. The tentative 1st reward depends on the amount of power received by the charging stand 40 and the DR reward unit price UPRR1 of the vehicle 50A. The tentative 2nd reward depends on the amount of power received by the power equipment 45 and the DR reward unit price UPRR2 of the vehicle 50B. At this stage, the DR reward unit prices UPRR1, UPRR2 are assumed to be equal.

[0214] Next, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative DR benefit for each vehicle 50 (step S330). In this example, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative DR benefit of the vehicle 50A (tentative 1st benefit) and the tentative DR benefit of the vehicle 50B (tentative 2nd benefit). The tentative 1st benefit is a value obtained by subtracting the product of the reduction amount of the electric power of the battery 130A and the power cost unit price UPRP from the tentative 1st reward. The tentative 2nd benefit is a value obtained by subtracting the product of the reduction amount of the electric power of the battery 130B and the power cost unit price UPRP from the tentative 2nd reward.

[0215] Next, the processing device 605 calculates the tentative DR benefit difference by calculating the difference between the tentative 1st benefit and the tentative 2nd benefit (step S335).

[0216] Next, the processing device 605 determines whether the provisional DR benefit difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH (step S340). In the case where the DR benefit difference is less than the threshold value TH (step S340: No), the processing device 605 causes the processing to proceed to step S350.

[0217] On the other hand, in the case where the DR benefit difference is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH (step S340: Yes), the processing device 605 executes processing for correcting the unfairness between the vehicles 50A, 50B (step S345). This processing is the same as the processing of Figure 11 or Figure 16 For example, the DR rewards RWA, RWB are decided in such a manner that the difference ΔP (PA- PB) of the DR benefits PA, PB is made to be less than the threshold value TH. Figure 6

[0218] Next, the processing device 605 decides the total reward amount TRA in accordance with the decision result of the DR rewards RWA, RWB (step S350).

[0219] It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative and not restrictive in all aspects. The scope of the application is shown not by the above description but by the claims, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims.​

Claims

1. A server configured to request a plurality of vehicles to participate in a DR (demand response) as an aggregator, the plurality of vehicles each being configured to mount an electrical storage device and to be electrically connectable with a power system, the server characterized by comprising: a communication device configured to acquire an amount of power to be supplied from a power supply device in a process in which a vehicle participating in the DR performs external charging, the external charging being charging of the electrical storage device using power from the power supply device connected with the power system; and a processor configured to, in a case where the plurality of vehicles configured to participate in the DR by performing the external charging participate in the DR, calculate a reference for a reward to be given to each of the plurality of vehicles from the aggregator, that is, a reference reward, in accordance with the amount of power to be supplied, in a case where a first vehicle of the plurality of vehicles participates in the DR, determine a first reward as the reward to be given to the first vehicle from the aggregator in such a manner that the first reward becomes the reference reward of the first vehicle, in a case where a second vehicle of the plurality of vehicles participates in the DR, determine a second reward as the reward to be given to the second vehicle from the aggregator in such a manner that the second reward becomes more than the reference reward of the second vehicle, the first vehicle being configured to be capable of performing contact charging that is the external charging using power received through a power cable of a first power supply device as the power supply device, the second vehicle being configured to be capable of performing non-contact charging that is the external charging using power received in a non-contact manner from a second power supply device as the power supply device.

2. The server according to claim 1, characterized in that the processor is configured to, in accordance with a first amount of power to be supplied and a first unit price, determine the first reward, the first amount of power to be supplied being the amount of power to be supplied for the first vehicle, the first unit price being a unit price of the first reward for the first amount of power to be supplied, in accordance with a second amount of power to be supplied and a second unit price, determine the second reward, the second amount of power to be supplied being the amount of power to be supplied for the second vehicle, the second unit price being a unit price of the second reward for the second amount of power to be supplied, the second unit price being higher than the first unit price.

3. The server according to claim 2, characterized in that the processor is configured to, in accordance with a tariff unit price of the power system and the first amount of power to be supplied, calculate a power cost in the DR, that is, a first power cost, for the first vehicle, in accordance with the tariff unit price and the second amount of power to be supplied, calculate a power cost in the DR, that is, a second power cost, for the second vehicle, calculate a benefit obtained when the first vehicle participates in the DR, that is, a first benefit, by deducting the first power cost from the first reward, calculate a benefit obtained when the second vehicle participates in the DR, that is, a second benefit, by deducting the second power cost from the second reward. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ determining the first reward and the second reward in such a manner that a difference between the first benefit and the second benefit is less than a threshold value.

4. The server according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a total reward amount that is a total of rewards given to each of the plurality of vehicles from the aggregator is a sum of a total of the first rewards of at least one of the first vehicles and a total of the second rewards of at least one of the second vehicles, the processor is configured to determine the first reward and the second reward in such a manner that the total reward amount is kept constant.

5. The server according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processor is configured to determine the first reward and the second reward in such a manner that, in a case where the first vehicle and the second vehicle use a toll infrastructure, the second vehicle is able to use the toll infrastructure more cheaply than the first vehicle.

6. The server according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the non-contact charging includes in- travel charging that the second vehicle performs during travel on a power supply lane on which the second power device is provided, the processor is configured to, in a case where the second vehicle participates in the DR by performing the in- travel charging, perform processing for notifying a user of the second vehicle when a start timing of a period during which the second vehicle participates in the DR comes, the notification includes a notification that urges the user of the second vehicle to cause the second vehicle to travel on the power supply lane in a case where the second vehicle is traveling on a travel lane other than the power supply lane at the start timing.

7. The server according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each of the plurality of vehicles is configured to be able to participate in the DR by performing external power supply that supplies electric power accumulated in the electric storage device to the power device, the first vehicle is configured to be able to perform contact power supply that is the external power supply that supplies electric power to the first power device through the electric power cable, the second vehicle is configured to be able to perform non-contact power supply that is the external power supply that supplies electric power to the second power device in a non-contact manner, the communication device acquires an amount of power received by the power device during the external power supply of a vehicle that participates in the DR, the processor is configured to, in a case where each of the plurality of vehicles participates in the DR, calculate the reference reward in accordance with the amount of power received, in a case where the first vehicle participates in the DR, determine the first reward in such a manner that the first reward is the reference reward of the first vehicle calculated in accordance with the amount of power received by the first power device, in a case where the second vehicle participates in the DR, determine the second reward in such a manner that the second reward is more than the reference reward of the second vehicle calculated in accordance with the amount of power received by the second power device.

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