Forging die

Abstract

The present invention discloses a forging die. Its upper die mechanism is provided with a downwardly convex punch head; its lower die mechanism includes a base and a fixed die core. The fixed die core is provided with an upper chamber and a spiral-shaped lower chamber. A spiral-shaped back pressure body is longitudinally slidably engaged with the spiral-shaped lower chamber; multiple longitudinal connecting rods are fixed to the lower part of the spiral-shaped back pressure body, and a trapezoidal slider is fixed to the lower ends of the multiple longitudinal connecting rods. Two first downward pressing inclined surfaces are provided at the lower part of the trapezoidal slider; the forging die further includes two sets of pressure relief components. Each set of pressure relief components includes a wedge-shaped slider that is transversely slidably engaged with the base and a disc spring installed on one side of the base; each first downward pressing inclined surface of the trapezoidal slider is respectively parallelly abutted against the first bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider on the same side, and the outer end surface of each wedge-shaped slider is abutted against the inner end of the disc spring in the same group; two left-right symmetric shovel bases are fixed to the upper die mechanism, and a second downward pressing inclined surface is provided at the lower end of each shovel base. This die can be formed by one-time forging, and the finished product has uniform material and density.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of auto parts processing, and more specifically, to a forging die for preparing compression components of an oil-free air conditioner compressor. Background Art

[0002] Forging is a processing method that uses forging machinery to apply pressure to a metal blank, causing it to undergo plastic deformation to obtain forgings with certain mechanical properties, shapes, and dimensions. Through forging, the as-cast porosity of the metal can be eliminated and the holes can be welded together, making the mechanical properties of the forgings superior to those of castings made of the same material. Therefore, many important parts in machinery with high loads and severe working conditions are manufactured by forging. For example, the compression components of oil-free air conditioners used in the auto parts industry are generally formed by forging dies. The upper part of the forging, which is also the compression component of the oil-free air conditioner compressor, has a conventional shape such as a cylinder or a square column, while the lower part is spiral-shaped. In other words, the forging includes a columnar body in the upper part and a spiral body in the lower part.

[0003] The existing forging die for preparing this compression component includes an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism. The upper die mechanism is connected to the forging equipment and is provided with a downwardly convex punch. The lower die mechanism includes a fixed die core, which is provided with an upper chamber and a spiral lower chamber that communicate with each other. The cross-sectional shape of the upper chamber matches that of the punch, and the height of the spiral lower chamber is greater than the height of the spiral body in the lower part of the forging.

[0004] The working process of this forging die is as follows: the rough blank is placed in the upper chamber of the lower die mechanism, and then the forging equipment is started to drive the punch to press down through the upper die mechanism, and the rough blank is forced into the spiral lower chamber to form a spiral body. To avoid cracking at the lower part of the spiral body due to stress concentration during forging, a margin must be left in the height of the spiral lower chamber. Therefore, the height of the spiral lower chamber is designed to be greater than the height of the spiral body of the forging. For example, if the designed elevation of the spiral body is 5 cm, the height of the spiral lower chamber is designed to be 8 cm. In this way, during forging, the rough blank will be pressed into the spiral lower chamber by a certain amount more. For example, if the designed elevation of the spiral body is 5 cm, an actual spiral body of about 6 cm will be pressed out; then secondary machining is carried out to grind the extra 1 cm flat.

[0005] The above-mentioned existing forging die has the following defects. First, it requires secondary machining and cannot be formed in one step, which increases the process and raises the labor cost. Second, grinding off the extra 1 cm will cause material waste, reduce economic benefits, and go against the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection. Third and more importantly, during the process of forging plastic deformation, the bottom of the workpiece lacks support, resulting in uneven material and density of the formed forging, uneven and inconsistent, and the mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties of the finished product are also unstable and uneven. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a forging die that can be formed by one-time forging, and the finished product material and density are uniform, and the mechanical and thermodynamic properties are stable and balanced.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is to provide a forging die, which includes an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism. The upper die mechanism is connected to a forging equipment, and the upper die mechanism is provided with a downwardly convex pressing head; the lower die mechanism includes a base and a fixed die core fixed on the base. The fixed die core is provided with an upper chamber with an upward opening and a spiral lower chamber communicated with the upper chamber. The cross-sectional shapes of the upper chamber and the pressing head match each other. A spiral back pressure body is longitudinally slidably matched with the spiral lower chamber; the fixed die core is also provided with a plurality of upper through holes penetrating from the bottom surface of the spiral lower chamber to the bottom surface of the fixed die core. A plurality of longitudinal connecting rods are fixed to the lower part of the spiral back pressure body. The lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal connecting rods extend out of the fixed die core through the corresponding upper through holes. A trapezoidal slider with a large upper part and a small lower part is fixed to the lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal connecting rods. Two symmetrically arranged first downward pressing inclined surfaces are provided at the lower part of the trapezoidal slider; the forging die also includes two groups of symmetrically arranged pressure relief components. Each group of pressure relief components includes a wedge-shaped slider slidably matched with the base transversely and a disc spring installed on one side of the base; each first downward pressing inclined surface of the trapezoidal slider is parallelly abutted against the first bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider on the same side, and the outer end surface of each wedge-shaped slider is abutted against the inner end of the disc spring in the same group; two symmetrically arranged shovel bases are fixed to the upper die mechanism. A second downward pressing inclined surface is provided at the lower end of each shovel base; each wedge-shaped slider is also provided with a second bearing inclined surface; when the height of the lower part of the forging pressed into the spiral lower chamber reaches the designed height of the spiral body, the second downward pressing inclined surface of each shovel base is parallelly abutted against the second bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider on the same side; the first downward pressing inclined surface is steeper than the second downward pressing inclined surface.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the forging die with the above structure has the following advantages.

[0009] The forging process of this die is as follows: the rough blank is placed in the upper chamber of the fixed die core, and the forging equipment drives the upper die mechanism and the punch to press down. The lower part of the rough blank is plastically extruded into the spiral lower chamber to form the spiral body of the forging. During this process, the spiral body of the forging continuously presses down the spiral back pressure body, transmits the pressure downward along each longitudinal connecting rod, and is transmitted to the disc spring through the trapezoidal slider and the wedge-shaped slider. In other words, the spiral back pressure body continuously and stably transmits the reaction force of the compressed deformation of the disc spring to the spiral bottom surface of the spiral body of the forging, making the spiral bottom surface smooth and flat, without secondary machining, ensuring that the forging is formed in one forging, omitting the subsequent processing and grinding processes, reducing the labor cost, and improving the work efficiency. Incidentally, it avoids the material waste caused by grinding waste, has a high material utilization rate, improves the economic benefits, and conforms to the concept of green environmental protection. More importantly, during the entire process of forging plastic deformation, the bottom surface of the forging is always supported continuously and stably. In this way, after forming, the material density of the forging is uniform and dense, its bottom surface is smooth and flat, and the mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties of the whole forging are also stable, superior, and uniform. Moreover, as the disc spring is continuously compressed, the generated reaction force naturally becomes larger and larger. When the height of the plastic deformation pressed into the spiral lower chamber reaches the designed height of the spiral body, the forging is officially formed. At this time, if the workpiece and the back pressure body are further pressed down, the huge reaction force generated by the disc spring will constitute a harmful stress on the forging and is extremely easy to crack the workpiece. However, if the pressing distance is not in place, the height dimension of the spiral body of the forging will be smaller than the design standard, and the height dimension will not meet the requirements. However, it is very difficult to precisely control the pressing distance during the actual forging process. But after adopting this preferred structure, this problem is solved easily. The moment when the forging is pressed down and the height of it pressed into the spiral lower chamber reaches the designed height, the shovel base just finishes the idle stroke, and the second pressing inclined surface at its lower end just abuts against the second bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider. In this way, even if the forging is continuously pressed down and the disc spring is further compressed, most of the reaction force of the disc spring is transmitted upward by the shovel base to the upper die mechanism. In other words, before the forging is in place, the beneficial reaction force generated by the disc spring is completely applied to the forging, and after the product is formed, the harmful reaction force generated by the disc spring is dissipated to the upper die assembly through the shovel base. Therefore, it not only ensures the balanced and stable support of the bottom surface during the forging deformation process of the workpiece, the uniform and dense material density of the forging, and the stable mechanical properties and thermodynamic properties, but also ensures that the harmful stress is dissipated in time after forging, avoiding stress concentration and cracking the forging. Furthermore, since the first pressing inclined surface is steeper than the second pressing inclined surface and the slope of the second pressing inclined surface is smaller, when the two pressing inclined surfaces are simultaneously in contact with the corresponding bearing inclined surfaces, the horizontal reaction force of the disc spring will be mostly borne by the second pressing inclined surface with a smaller slope, which effectively protects the formed forging.

[0010] Preferably, each pressure relief assembly further includes a spring seat fixed to one side of the base. The spring seat includes a transverse mounting sleeve, and the disc springs of the same group are accommodated in the mounting sleeve. An outer end plate is fixed to the outer end of the mounting sleeve. The outer end plate is penetrated with a threaded hole, and an adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded hole. The inner end of the adjusting bolt abuts against the outer end of the disc spring through a transition end. This structure adds the following functions: by rotating the adjusting bolt, the initial length of the disc spring can be changed, thereby adjusting the initial tension of the disc spring, and further changing the magnitude of the supporting force on the bottom surface of the forging to meet the requirements of forgings of different materials and different sizes, improving the versatility.

[0011] Further preferably, an inner end plate is fixed to the inner end of the mounting sleeve. A top head is slidably fitted in the central hole of the inner end plate, and a stepped surface for axially limiting the outer end of the central hole is provided at the outer end of the top head. The inner end of the top head abuts against the outer end surface of the wedge-shaped slider, and the outer end of the top head abuts against the inner end of the disc spring. In this way, the disc spring is convenient to install, the force transmission between the disc spring and the wedge-shaped slider is balanced, and the overall supporting effect is stable and reliable.

[0012] Preferably, the base includes a base plate, and four downwardly protruding legs are fixed at the four corners of the base. The fixed die core is fixed to the top surface of the base plate. The base plate is penetrated with lower through holes corresponding one by one to the upper through holes of the fixed die core, and the longitudinal connecting rods sequentially pass through the corresponding upper through holes and lower through holes. The lower part of the lifted base plate forms an overhead layer, and the trapezoidal slider and the pressure relief assembly are both within the height range of the overhead layer. Such a layout is very reasonable, which not only meets the assembly and positioning needs of the upper fixed die core, but also creates space in the lower part, facilitating the assembly and accommodation of each slider and pressure relief assembly, and ensuring the smooth and stable sliding pressure relief process.

[0013] As a further preference, the outer end of the wedge-shaped slider is provided with an outer convex portion protruding from the base plate, and the outer convex portion is slidably fitted between the two legs on the same side. A guide rod is fixed to the inner side of each leg, and the wedge-shaped slider is provided with two guide holes. The two guide holes of each wedge-shaped slider are slidably sleeved with the two guide rods of the two legs on the same side. The outer convex portion is provided with a concave pit, and the second bearing inclined surface is located on the outer side wall of the concave pit. In this way, the cooperation between the guide holes and the guide posts can ensure the smooth, stable and reliable lateral movement of the wedge-shaped slider. Moreover, the legs not only lift the base plate to form an overhead layer for accommodating the pressure relief assembly, but also form a lateral guiding space for the outer convex portion, facilitating the outer convex portion to be fitted between the two legs on the same side, further strengthening the guiding effect. Moreover, the shovel base just utilizes the gap between the two legs, enabling the shovel base to be inserted downward without being interfered by the base plate and just abut against the second bearing inclined surface of the outer convex portion, facilitating the harmful reaction force generated by the disc spring to be dissipated upward to the upper die. In other words, the outer convex portion not only strengthens the guiding effect, but also provides a space for setting the second bearing inclined surface, facilitating the shovel base to be inserted and abutted.

[0014] As a gain, each pressure relief component further includes a spring seat, which includes a transverse mounting sleeve. The disc springs of the same group are accommodated in the mounting sleeve, and an inner end plate is fixed at the inner end of the mounting sleeve; both ends of the inner end plate of the spring seat are respectively fixed to the two legs on the same side; the spatial layout of the above structure is reasonable, which not only provides a fixed position for the inner end plate of the spring seat, making the installation and fixation of the spring seat firm and reliable, but also forms a sliding channel between the two legs to strengthen the guiding effect on the convex part of the wedge-shaped slider. It also just avoids and vacates the space for the shovel base to be inserted and abutted, and raises the base plate to form an overhead layer for accommodating the pressure relief component, achieving multiple benefits at one stroke. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the forging die of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram after deflecting a certain angle.

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the forging die of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the forging die of the present invention after removing a wedge-shaped slider.

[0019] Figure 5 is an exploded structural diagram of the forging die of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 is Figure 5 a schematic structural diagram after deflecting a certain angle.

[0021] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed die core of the forging die of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 8 is Figure 7 a schematic structural diagram after deflecting a certain angle.

[0023] In the figure, 1 is the upper die mechanism, 2 is the lower die mechanism, 3 is the pressure head, 4 is the fixed die core, 5 is the base plate, 6 is the leg, 7 is the upper chamber, 8 is the spiral lower chamber, 9 is the spiral back pressure body, 10 is the upper through hole, 11 is the longitudinal connecting rod, 12 is the lower through hole, 13 is the trapezoidal slider, 14 is the wedge-shaped slider, 14.1 is the convex part, 15 is the disc spring, 16 is the guide rod, 17 is the guide hole, 18 is the mounting sleeve, 19 is the outer end plate, 20 is the inner end plate, 21 is the top head, 21.1 is the step surface, 22 is the shovel base, 23 is the concave pit, 24 is the threaded hole, 25 is the adjusting bolt, and 26 is the transition end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] As Figures 1 to 8 shown, the forging die of the present invention includes an upper die mechanism 1 and a lower die mechanism 2. The upper die mechanism 1 is connected to a forging press, and the upper die mechanism 1 is provided with a downwardly convex punch 3.

[0026] The lower die mechanism 2 includes a base and a fixed die core 4 fixed on the base. The position of the fixed die core 4 remains fixed and immovable during the forging process. Specifically, the base includes a base plate 5, and four downwardly convex legs 6 are fixed at the four corners of the base; the fixed die core 4 is fixed on the top surface of the base plate 5.

[0027] The fixed die core 4 is provided with an upper chamber 7 with a conventional shape opening upward and a spiral lower chamber 8 communicating with the upper chamber 7. The upper chamber 7 is generally a conventional cylindrical or square column shape, and the cross-sectional shape of the upper chamber 7 matches that of the punch 3. In other words, the shape of the upper chamber 7 is designed according to the shape of the upper part of the compression component of the oil-free air conditioner compressor. If the upper part of the compression component is cylindrical, then the upper chamber 7 is set as a cylindrical chamber.

[0028] A spiral back pressure body 9 is longitudinally slidably fitted in the spiral lower chamber 8; the difference between the height of the spiral lower chamber 8 and the height of the back pressure body is much greater than the height of the lower spiral body of the forging. The fixed die core 4 is also provided with a plurality of upper through holes 10 penetrating from the bottom surface of the spiral lower chamber 8 to the bottom surface of the fixed die core 4. A plurality of longitudinal connecting rods 11 are fixed at the lower part of the spiral back pressure body 9. The above-mentioned plurality of longitudinal connecting rods 11 correspond to the upper through holes 10 one by one, and the lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal connecting rods 11 extend out of the fixed die core 4 through the corresponding upper through holes 10. The base plate 5 is penetrated with lower through holes 12 corresponding to the upper through holes 10 of the fixed die core 4 one by one. After each longitudinal connecting rod 11 passes through the upper through hole 10 of the fixed die core 4, it also passes through the corresponding lower through hole 12 of the base plate 5. The lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal connecting rods 11 extend out of the corresponding lower through holes 12 and are jointly fixed with a trapezoidal slider 13 with a large upper part and a small lower part. The lower part of the trapezoidal slider 13 is provided with two first downward inclined surfaces that are symmetric about the left and right.

[0029] The forging die further includes two sets of pressure relief components that are symmetric about the left and right. The lower part of the base plate 5 lifted by the four legs 6 forms an overhead layer, and the trapezoidal slider 13 and the two sets of pressure relief components are both within the height range of the overhead layer.

[0030] Each set of pressure relief components includes a wedge-shaped slider 14 that is transversely slidably fitted with the base and a disc spring 15 installed on one side of the base.

[0031] The outer end of the wedge-shaped slider 14 is provided with an outer convex part 14.1 protruding from the base plate 5. The outer convex part 14.1 is slidably fitted between the two legs 6 on the same side. A guide rod 16 is fixed to the inner side of each leg 6. The wedge-shaped slider 14 is provided with two guide holes 17. The two guide holes 17 of each wedge-shaped slider 14 are respectively slidably sleeved with the two guide rods 16 of the two legs 6 on the same side.

[0032] Each first downward pressing inclined surface of the trapezoidal slider 13 is respectively and parallelly abutted against the first bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider 14 on the same side.

[0033] The outer end surface of each wedge-shaped slider 14 abuts against the inner end of the disc spring 15 of the same pressure relief assembly. Specifically, each set of pressure relief assemblies includes a spring seat, which includes a transverse mounting sleeve 18. The disc springs 15 of the same group are accommodated in the mounting sleeve 18. Outer end plates 19 and inner end plates 20 are respectively fixed at both ends of the mounting sleeve 18. The spring seat is fixed on one side of the base. More precisely, both ends of the inner end plate 20 of the spring seat are respectively screwed and fixed to the two legs 6 on the same side; a plug 21 is in sliding fit with the central hole of the inner end plate 20. A stepped surface 21.1 for axially limiting the outer port of the central hole is provided at the outer end of the plug 21; the inner end of the plug 21 abuts against the outer end surface of the convex portion 14.1 of the wedge-shaped slider 14, and the outer end of the plug 21 abuts against the inner end of the disc spring 15. A threaded hole 24 is penetrated through the outer end plate 19 of the spring seat, and an adjusting bolt 25 is screwed into the threaded hole 24. The inner end of the adjusting bolt 25 abuts against the outer end of the disc spring 15 through a transition end 26.

[0034] In this way, in the initial state, the disc spring 15 pushes the plug 21 inward, so that the stepped surface 21.1 of the plug 21 catches the outer port of the central hole of the inner end plate 20. However, when the trapezoidal slider 13 presses downward, it will push the wedge-shaped slider 14 and the plug 21 outward, thereby compressing the disc spring 15.

[0035] Two symmetrically left and right lifting bases 22 are fixed to the upper die mechanism 1. A second downward pressing inclined surface is provided at the lower end of each lifting base 22. Each wedge-shaped slider 14 is further provided with a second bearing inclined surface, that is, a concave pit 23 is provided on each convex portion 14.1, and the second bearing inclined surface is located on the outer side wall of the concave pit 23. When the height that the lower part of the forging is pressed into the spiral lower cavity 8 reaches the designed height of the spiral body, the second downward pressing inclined surface of each lifting base 22 is respectively and parallelly abutted against the second bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider 14 on the same side; the first downward pressing inclined surface is steeper than the second downward pressing inclined surface.

Claims

1. A forging die, which comprises an upper die mechanism and a lower die mechanism. The upper die mechanism is connected to a forging equipment, and the upper die mechanism is provided with a downward convex punch; the lower die mechanism includes a base and a fixed die core fixed on the base. The fixed die core is provided with an upper chamber with an upward opening and a spiral lower chamber communicated with the upper chamber. The cross-sectional shapes of the upper chamber and the punch match each other. It is characterized in that: The spiral lower chamber is longitudinally slidably fitted with a spiral back pressure body; the fixed mold core is also provided with a plurality of upper through holes penetrating from the bottom surface of the spiral lower chamber to the bottom surface of the fixed mold core. A plurality of longitudinal connecting rods are fixed to the lower part of the spiral back pressure body. The lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal connecting rods extend out of the fixed mold core through the corresponding upper through holes. The lower ends of the plurality of longitudinal connecting rods are jointly fixed with a trapezoidal slider that is large at the top and small at the bottom. Two first downward pressing inclined surfaces that are symmetric about the left and right are provided at the lower part of the trapezoidal slider; the forging die further includes two sets of pressure relief components that are symmetric about the left and right. Each set of pressure relief components includes a wedge-shaped slider that is transversely slidably fitted with the base and a disc spring installed on one side of the base; each first downward pressing inclined surface of the trapezoidal slider is respectively and parallelly abutted against the first bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider on the same side. The outer end surface of each wedge-shaped slider abuts against the inner end of the disc spring in the same group; the upper die mechanism is fixed with two symmetrically arranged left and right lifting bases. A second downward pressing inclined surface is provided at the lower end of each lifting base; each wedge-shaped slider is further provided with a second bearing inclined surface; when the height of the lower part of the forging pressed into the spiral lower chamber reaches the designed height of the spiral body, the second downward pressing inclined surface of each lifting base is parallelly abutted against the second bearing inclined surface of the wedge-shaped slider on the same side; the first downward pressing inclined surface is steeper than the second downward pressing inclined surface; each set of pressure relief components further includes a spring seat, which is fixed on one side of the base. The spring seat includes a transverse mounting sleeve. The disc spring in the same group is accommodated in the mounting sleeve. An outer end plate is fixed to the outer end of the mounting sleeve; a threaded hole is penetrated through the outer end plate, and an adjusting bolt is screwed into the threaded hole. The inner end of the adjusting bolt abuts against the outer end of the disc spring through a transition end head.

2. The forging die according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner end plate is fixed to the inner end of the mounting sleeve; a top head is slidably fitted in the central hole of the inner end plate. A stepped surface for axially limiting the outer port of the central hole is provided at the outer end of the top head; the inner end of the top head abuts against the outer end surface of the wedge-shaped slider, and the outer end of the top head abuts against the inner end of the disc spring.

3. The forging die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base includes a base plate, and four downward protruding legs are fixed at the four corners of the base; the fixed mold core is fixed on the top surface of the base plate. The base plate is penetrated with lower through holes corresponding one by one to the upper through holes of the fixed mold core. The longitudinal connecting rods sequentially pass through the corresponding upper through holes and lower through holes; the lower part of the lifted base plate forms an overhead layer, and the trapezoidal slider and the pressure relief components are both within the height range of the overhead layer.

4. The forging die according to claim 3, characterized in that: An outer convex part protruding from the base plate is provided at the outer end of the wedge-shaped slider. The outer convex part is slidably fitted between the two legs on the same side; a guide rod is fixed to the inner side of each leg. The wedge-shaped slider is provided with two guide holes. The two guide holes of each wedge-shaped slider are slidably sleeved with the two guide rods of the two legs on the same side; a concave pit is provided on the outer convex part, and the second bearing inclined surface is located on the outer side wall of the concave pit.

5. The forging die according to claim 4, wherein: An inner end plate is fixed to the inner end of the mounting sleeve; both ends of the inner end plate of the spring seat are fixed to the two legs on the same side.

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