An anti-ablation performance testing device and methods of use thereof

Abstract

The application provides an anti-ablation performance testing device, which comprises a plasma gun (3), a testing table (4), a heat flow density calibration device (6) and a testing auxiliary tool (7). The heat flow density calibration device (6) comprises a heated end cover (8), a first water outlet straight pipe (9), a water inlet pipe (10), a water outlet elbow pipe (11), a turbine flowmeter (13), a first water inlet nozzle (14), a first water outlet nozzle (15), a second water outlet straight pipe (16), a first sealing end cover (19) and a second sealing end cover (20). The testing auxiliary tool (7) comprises a flame baffle (21), an outer water cooling pipe (24), an inner water cooling pipe (25), a second water outlet nozzle (26), a second water inlet nozzle (27), a thermocouple sleeve (29) and a sleeve plug (31). The device uses a plasma flame as a heat source, can effectively evaluate the anti-ablation performance of superhigh / high melting point materials and avoids ablation, melting and other problems of the tool in a long-term ablation process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of performance testing, in particular to an anti-ablation performance testing device and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, new heat-resistant materials are applied in a large number of heat-resistant components such as rocket, missile launch nozzle, throat liner, gas rudder, nose cone, etc.; the anti-ablation performance is one of important performance indexes in the actual application process of new heat-resistant materials, which is directly related to the working stability and reliability of rockets, missiles and other weapons and equipment.

[0003] The temperature suffered by the new heat-resistant material in the working process is very high, up to 3000 DEG C or above, at the same time, the new heat-resistant material is also subjected to the comprehensive action of instantaneous thermal shock, thermal scouring and high temperature chemical reaction in the working process, so it is difficult to use conventional physical and chemical performance means to clearly characterize the anti-ablation performance of the new heat-resistant material. Compared with other ground simulation methods of anti-ablation performance, the plasma ablation sample method has advantages in ablation temperature, flame purity and the like, and can meet the requirements of ground simulation ablation test and anti-ablation performance test and evaluation of the new heat-resistant material; however, the anti-ablation performance testing device of the prior art cannot meet the requirements of long-time testing of ultra-high / high melting point materials, and problems such as ablation and melting of the tooling are prone to occur in the long-time anti-ablation performance testing process; at the same time, the anti-ablation performance testing device of the prior art has problems such as low accuracy of heat flux density calibration, great influence on test results, large error and the like. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an anti-ablation performance testing device, which uses plasma flame as a heat source, can effectively evaluate the anti-ablation performance of ultra-high / high melting point materials (such as tungsten, molybdenum, nickel and the like), avoid ablation and melting of the tooling in the long-time ablation process, ensure the smooth progress of the testing process and guarantee the accuracy of the evaluation results.

[0005] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a use method of the anti-ablation performance testing device.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The application discloses an anti-ablation performance testing device, which is characterized in that the device comprises a plasma gun, a testing table, a heat flow density calibration device and a testing auxiliary tool; the heat flow density calibration device and the testing auxiliary tool are respectively fixedly installed on the end face of the testing table, the plasma gun is installed on the opposite side of the testing table and is provided with two working positions corresponding to the heat flow density calibration device and the testing auxiliary tool (namely, the plasma gun can slide up and down in the horizontal plane with the end face of the testing table as the reference plane); the heat flow density calibration device comprises a heated end cover, a first water outlet straight pipe, a water inlet pipe, a water outlet elbow pipe, a turbine flowmeter, a first water inlet nozzle, a first water outlet nozzle, a second water outlet straight pipe, a first sealing end cover and a second sealing end cover; the testing auxiliary tool comprises a flame baffle, an outer water cooling pipe, an inner water cooling pipe, a second water outlet nozzle, a second water inlet nozzle, a thermocouple sleeve and a sleeve plug.

[0008] Further optimization is made on the testing device, which further comprises an industrial computer and a transmission line; the industrial computer is electrically connected with the plasma gun, the heat flow density calibration device and the testing auxiliary tool through the transmission line, and is used for controlling the opening and closing and movement of the plasma gun, the opening and closing and flow of the inert gas, real-time temperature detection and curve drawing, and the connection of the cooling water.

[0009] Further optimization is made on the testing device, which further comprises an industrial computer and a transmission line; the industrial computer is electrically connected with the plasma gun, the heat flow density calibration device and the testing auxiliary tool through the transmission line, and is used for controlling the opening and closing and movement of the plasma gun, the opening and closing and flow of the inert gas, real-time temperature detection and curve drawing, and the connection of the cooling water.

[0010] Preferably, the water inlet pipe, the first water outlet straight pipe, the water outlet elbow pipe and the second water outlet straight pipe are arranged on the end face of the testing table through mounting seats.

[0011] Preferably, the first sealing end cover is provided with a first thermocouple in the middle part, and the end part of the first thermocouple in the second water outlet straight pipe is located at the center line position of the first water outlet nozzle; the second sealing end cover is provided with a second thermocouple in the middle part, and the end part of the second thermocouple in the water inlet pipe is located at the center line position of the first water inlet nozzle.

[0012] For further optimization, the inner water-cooled pipe is coaxially arranged in the outer water-cooled pipe (i.e. the inner water-cooled pipe is collinear with the central axis of the outer water-cooled pipe and the maximum outer diameter of the inner water-cooled pipe is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer water-cooled pipe), the flame baffle is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of one end of the outer water-cooled pipe and is in interference fit, a mounting hole for mounting the test sample is formed in the middle of the flame baffle, and a mounting groove corresponding to the mounting hole is formed in the end face of the end of the outer water-cooled pipe, the test sample is spaced from the bottom of the mounting groove, and the side wall of the mounting groove is connected with the outer water-cooled pipe, the flame baffle and the test sample by the first fastening screw (i.e. the first fastening screw penetrates the side wall of the flame baffle, the side wall of the outer water-cooled pipe located in the mounting groove and the side wall of the test sample in sequence); the inner water-cooled pipe has a horn-shaped structure and gradually increases in diameter from the end away from the test sample to the end close to the test sample; the outer wall of the end of the outer water-cooled pipe away from the test sample is provided with a second water outlet; a thermocouple sleeve is coaxially arranged in the inner water-cooled pipe, and the two ends of the thermocouple sleeve are respectively connected with the end of the inner water-cooled pipe and the end of the outer water-cooled pipe; a sleeve plug is arranged at the end of the thermocouple sleeve away from the test sample, and a second water inlet is arranged on the outer wall of the inner water-cooled pipe between the sleeve plug and the outer water-cooled pipe; a third thermocouple is arranged in the thermocouple sleeve by the second fastening screw, and the end of the third thermocouple away from the sleeve plug is tightly attached to the back of the test sample.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the inner water-cooled pipe close to the test sample is in communication with the inner cavity of the outer water-cooled pipe, and a plurality of cooling annular grooves are formed in the inner wall of the end of the outer water-cooled pipe close to the test sample.

[0014] Preferably, an anti-ablation coating is arranged on the outer wall of the outer water-cooled pipe close to the end of the flame baffle, and the anti-ablation coating is made of any one of tungsten, molybdenum and NiCrAlY.

[0015] A method for using an anti-ablation performance testing device, which comprises the following steps:

[0016] The method comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step A, first, the test sample is mounted in the mounting hole of the test auxiliary tooling, and the third thermocouple is ensured to contact the back of the test sample, and the first fastening screw is used for fastening connection;

[0018] Step B, circulating cooling water is introduced into the first water inlet and the second water inlet respectively, and is recovered through the first water outlet and the second water outlet respectively;

[0019] Step C, the test table is moved to reach a set ablation distance between the test table and the end of the plasma gun;

[0020] Step D, the plasma gun is first in the heat flux calibration device station (i.e. the center line of the plasma gun is collinear with the center line of the heated end cover); the plasma gun is turned on, and the gas flow, current and voltage are adjusted until the data fed back by the heat flux calibration device reaches the required heat flux for the experiment;

[0021] Step E, the plasma gun is kept on and moved to the test auxiliary tooling station (i.e. the center line of the plasma gun is collinear with the center line of the flame baffle), and the ablation resistance test of the test sample is started;

[0022] Step F, after the test is completed, the plasma gun returns to the heat flux calibration device station, and the plasma gun is turned off; after the test sample cools down, it is taken out, the weight and the depth of the ablation crater of the test sample after ablation are detected, the mass ablation rate and the linear ablation rate are calculated, and the ablation resistance performance of the test sample is obtained in combination with the back temperature curve of the test sample.

[0023] Further optimization, the test sample is a circular structure, and the diameter is 50-100mm. The thickness is 8-12mm.

[0024] The present application has the following technical effects:

[0025] The present application can meet the needs of long-time ablation resistance performance test of super-high / high melting point materials or coatings through the cooperation of the plasma gun, the heat flux calibration device and the test auxiliary tooling, effectively solving the problems of tooling ablation, melting and the like caused by long-time ablation resistance performance test in the prior art; at the same time, the present application first calibrates the heat flux of the plasma gun through the heat flux calibration device, which can avoid the problems of ablation of the test sample in the calibration process and the influence on the accuracy of the test results, and effectively eliminate the errors caused by the cooling circulation device of the test auxiliary tooling. In addition, the present application cooperates the flame baffle, the outer water cooling pipe, the inner water cooling pipe, the second water outlet nozzle, the second water inlet nozzle, the thermocouple sleeve and the sleeve plug, which can effectively block the influence of the ablation end on the whole tooling through the flame baffle, cool the flame baffle and the tooling through the high-efficiency circulating cold water to avoid the reduction of the service life of the tooling caused by high temperature, effectively avoid the formation of temperature collection points to ensure the cooling efficiency of the tooling, and effectively protect and cool the third thermocouple for temperature measurement to ensure that the data obtained is more accurate and reliable.

[0026] The test sample of the present application is convenient to clamp and disassemble, which improves the test efficiency; the test auxiliary tooling can be repeatedly used for multiple times, which effectively saves the material cost; and the test auxiliary tooling can be applied to test samples of various sizes and thicknesses (i.e. the size and thickness of the test sample can be adjusted), which has a wide range of applications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall test device in the embodiments of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heat flux density calibration device in the embodiments of this application.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test auxiliary tooling in the embodiments of this application.

[0030] The components include: 1. Industrial computer; 2. Transmission line; 3. Plasma gun; 4. Test stand; 5. Test sample; 6. Heat flux density calibration device; 7. Test auxiliary tooling; 8. Heated end cap; 9. First outlet straight pipe; 10. Inlet pipe; 11. Outlet elbow; 12. Mounting base; 13. Turbine flow meter; 14. First inlet nozzle; 15. First outlet nozzle; 16. Second outlet straight pipe; 17. Second thermocouple; 18. First thermocouple; 19. First sealing end cap; 20. Second sealing end cap; 21. Flame baffle; 22. First fastening screw; 23. Anti-ablation coating; 24. External water cooling pipe; 25. Internal water cooling pipe; 26. Second outlet nozzle; 27. Second inlet nozzle; 28. Third thermocouple; 29. ​​Thermocouple sheath; 30. Second fastening screw; 31. Sheath plug. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown: A device for testing ablation resistance performance, characterized in that it includes an industrial computer 1, a transmission line 2, a plasma gun 3, a test platform 4, a heat flux density calibration device 6, and a test auxiliary fixture 7; the industrial computer 1 is electrically connected to the plasma gun 3, the heat flux density calibration device 6, and the test auxiliary fixture 7 via the transmission line 2, and is used to control the switching and movement of the plasma gun 3, the switching and flow of the inert gas, real-time temperature detection and curve plotting, and the access of cooling water, etc.; the industrial computer 1 and the transmission line 2 are both common models in the art, as long as they can achieve the purpose of this application.

[0034] The heat flux density calibration device 6 and the test auxiliary fixture 7 are fixedly installed on the end face of the test platform 4 (the heat flux density calibration device 6 and the test auxiliary fixture 7 are parallel and at the same height). The plasma gun 3 is installed opposite the test platform 4 and has two positions corresponding to the heat flux density calibration device 6 and the test auxiliary fixture 7 respectively (that is, the plasma gun 3 can slide up and down in a horizontal plane with the end face of the test platform 4 as the reference). The plasma gun 3 can adopt a common structure in existing technology, and it is equipped with a power supply with a power of more than 120kW and an inert gas source such as argon or nitrogen. The test platform 4 is made of stainless steel.

[0035] The heat flux density calibration device 6 includes a heated end cap 8, a first outlet straight pipe 9, an inlet pipe 10, an outlet elbow 11, a turbine flow meter 13, a first inlet nozzle 14, a first outlet nozzle 15, a second outlet straight pipe 16, a first sealing end cap 19, and a second sealing end cap 20; the inlet pipe 10 is coaxially arranged inside the first outlet straight pipe 9 (e.g., Figure 2 As shown: the inlet pipe 10 and the first outlet straight pipe 9 are collinear, and the inner diameter of the first outlet straight pipe 9 is larger than the outer diameter of the inlet pipe 10. Both ends of the inlet pipe 10 pass through both ends of the first outlet straight pipe 9. One end of the first outlet straight pipe 9 (i.e....) Figure 2 A heated end cap 8 is fixedly installed at the left end (the central axis of the heated end cap 8 is collinear with the central axis of the first outlet straight pipe 9), and the inner cavity of the heated end cap 8 corresponds to the end of the inlet pipe 10 and the first outlet straight pipe 9 (i.e., Figure 2 The left end of the inlet pipe 10 is connected; the outlet bend 11 is located on the outer wall of the first outlet straight pipe 9 and is connected to the first outlet straight pipe 9. The end of the outlet bend 11 away from the first outlet straight pipe 9 is connected to the second outlet straight pipe 16 through the turbine flow meter 13; the outer wall of the second outlet straight pipe 16 is provided with a first outlet nozzle 15, and the end of the second outlet straight pipe 16 away from the turbine flow meter 13 is sealed by a first sealing end cap 19; the end of the inlet pipe 10 away from the heated end cap 8 (i.e. Figure 2 The right end (as shown) is sealed by the second sealing end cap 20, and the inlet pipe 10 is located on the outer wall between the second sealing end cap 20 and the first outlet straight pipe 9, with a first inlet nozzle 14 installed. The inlet pipe 10, the first outlet straight pipe 9, the outlet bend 11, and the second outlet straight pipe 16 are all mounted on the end face of the test bench 4 via mounting bases 12. A first thermocouple 18 is installed in the middle of the first sealing end cap 19, and the end of the first thermocouple 18 located inside the second outlet straight pipe 16 (i.e., the test end) is located at the centerline of the first outlet nozzle 14 (e.g., as shown). Figure 2The second thermocouple 17 is arranged in the middle of the second sealing end cover 20 and located in the end of the water inlet pipe 10 (i.e. the test end) at the center line position of the first water inlet nozzle 14. The heated end cover 8, the first water outlet straight pipe 9, the water inlet pipe 10, the water outlet elbow pipe 11, the mounting seat 12, the first water inlet nozzle 14, the first water outlet nozzle 15, the second water outlet straight pipe 16, the first sealing end cover 19 and the second sealing end cover 20 are made of red copper (T1) material; the first thermocouple 18 and the second thermocouple 17 are K-type nickel-chromium thermocouples.

[0036] The test auxiliary tool 7 includes a flame baffle 21, an outer water-cooled pipe 24, an inner water-cooled pipe 25, a second water outlet nozzle 26, a second water inlet nozzle 27, a thermocouple sleeve 29 and a sleeve plug 31. The inner water-cooled pipe 25 is coaxially arranged in the outer water-cooled pipe 24 (i.e. the inner water-cooled pipe 25 is collinear with the central axis of the outer water-cooled pipe 24 and the maximum outer diameter of the inner water-cooled pipe 25 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer water-cooled pipe 24), the flame baffle 21 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of one end of the outer water-cooled pipe 24 and is in interference fit (as shown in Figure 3 The flame baffle 21 is coaxially arranged with the outer water-cooled pipe 24), a mounting hole for mounting the test sample 5 is arranged in the middle of the flame baffle 21 and a mounting groove is arranged in the end face of the end of the outer water-cooled pipe 24 corresponding to the mounting hole, and the end of the test sample 5 close to the outer water-cooled pipe 24 leaves a gap with the bottom of the mounting groove (as shown in Figure 3 There is a certain distance between the right end face of the test sample 5 and the bottom face of the mounting groove, which is convenient for the end face of the third thermocouple 28 to be in contact with the right end face of the test sample 5 to ensure the accuracy of the test result and increases the heat conduction surface through the air gap cavity to avoid the formation of a temperature collection point at the first fastening screw 22), and the side wall of the mounting groove is connected with the outer water-cooled pipe 24, the flame baffle 21 and the test sample 5 through the first fastening screw 22 (as shown in Figure 3 i.e. the first fastening screw 22 penetrates the side wall of the flame baffle 21, the side wall of the outer water-cooled pipe 24 located in the mounting groove and the side wall of the test sample 5 in sequence); the inner water-cooled pipe 25 has a horn-shaped structure and gradually increases in diameter from the side away from the test sample 5 to the side close to the test sample 5 (as shown in Figure 3 The diameter of the inner water-cooled pipe 25 gradually increases from the right end to the left end), and the second water outlet nozzle 26 is arranged on the outer wall of the end of the outer water-cooled pipe 24 away from the test sample 5; the thermocouple sleeve 29 is coaxially arranged in the inner water-cooled pipe 25 and the two ends of the thermocouple sleeve 29 are respectively connected with the end of the inner water-cooled pipe 25 and the end of the outer water-cooled pipe 24 (as shown in Figure 3As shown: the left end of the thermocouple sleeve 29 penetrates the left end of the outer water-cooled tube 24 and is sealingly connected, the right end of the thermocouple sleeve 29 penetrates the right end of the inner water-cooled tube 25 and is sealingly connected, the end of the thermocouple sleeve 29 away from the test sample 5 is provided with a sleeve plug 31 (the thermocouple sleeve 29 is threadedly connected with the sleeve plug 31) and the outer wall of the inner water-cooled tube 25 between the sleeve plug 31 and the outer water-cooled tube 24 is provided with a second water inlet 27; the third thermocouple 28 is arranged in the thermocouple sleeve 29 by the second fastening screw 30 and the end of the third thermocouple 28 away from the sleeve plug 31 (i.e. the test end) is in close contact with the back of the test sample 5. The end of the inner water-cooled tube 25 close to the test sample 5 is in communication with the inner cavity of the outer water-cooled tube 24 and a plurality of cooling annular grooves are formed in the inner wall of the outer water-cooled tube 24 close to the test sample 5 (such as Figure 3 As shown: the number of annular cooling grooves in this embodiment is 2, which is used to increase the heat exchange area and improve the cooling efficiency). The outer wall of the outer water-cooled tube 24 close to the flame baffle 21 is provided with an anti-ablation coating, which is made of any one of tungsten, molybdenum and NiCrAlY; the anti-ablation coating is prepared by plasma spraying process, and after the coating is prepared, it needs to be higher than the outer circle of the outer water-cooled tube 24 by 0.2-0.5 mm, and then the anti-ablation coating is ground on a grinding machine until it is flush with the outer circle of the outer water-cooled tube 24, and the surface roughness after grinding is above Ra0.8.

[0037] The flame baffle 21 is made of tungsten copper material; in this embodiment: the first fastening screw 22 is four, which is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the test sample 5 and is made of pure tungsten material; the outer water-cooled tube 24, the inner water-cooled tube 25, the second water outlet 26, the second water inlet 27, the thermocouple sleeve 29 and the sleeve plug 31 are all made of red copper (T1) material; the second fastening screw 30 is made of stainless steel material; the third thermocouple 28 is an S-shaped platinum rhodium thermocouple.

[0038] Embodiment 2:

[0039] A method for using an anti-ablation performance testing device, which uses the anti-ablation performance testing device as described in embodiment 1, and is used for testing the test sample 5 of C / C composite material, and the diameter of the test sample 5 is mm, and is characterized in that:

[0040] comprises:

[0041] Step A, first, install the test sample 5 in the mounting hole of the test auxiliary tool 7 and ensure that the third thermocouple 28 (test end) is in contact with the back of the test sample 5, and then fasten and connect by the first fastening screw 22 (for the test sample 5, the flame baffle 21 and the outer water-cooled tube 24);

[0042] Step B, circulating cooling water is supplied to the first water inlet 14 and the second water inlet 27 respectively, and is recovered through the first water outlet 15 and the second water outlet 26 respectively; the cooling water circulation in the heat flux calibration device 6 and the test auxiliary tool 7 is realized respectively;

[0043] Step C, the test bench 4 is moved so that the test bench 4 and the end of the plasma gun 3 reach a set ablation distance;

[0044] Step D, the plasma gun 3 is first in the heat flux calibration device 6 station (i.e. the center line of the plasma gun 3 is collinear with the center line of the heated end cover 8); the plasma gun 3 is turned on, and the gas flow, current and voltage are adjusted until the data fed back by the heat flux calibration device 6 reaches the required heat flux of the experiment;

[0045] The heat flux is obtained by the following formula:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula, q i represents the single heat flux; q m represents the mass flow of water; A represents the heated area of the water-cooled calorimeter; C p represents the specific heat of water at room temperature; T represents the water temperature at the first water outlet 15 (obtained by the first thermocouple 18), and T0 represents the water temperature at the first water inlet 14 (obtained by the second thermocouple 17);

[0048] Step E, the plasma gun 3 is kept on and moved to the test auxiliary tool 7 station (i.e. the center line of the plasma gun 3 is collinear with the center line of the flame baffle 21), and the ablation resistance test of the test sample 5 is started;

[0049] Step F, after the test is completed, the plasma gun 3 returns to the heat flux calibration device 6 station, and the plasma gun 3 is turned off; after the test sample 5 is cooled, it is taken out, the weight and the depth of the ablation crater of the test sample 5 after ablation are detected, the mass ablation rate and the linear ablation rate are calculated, and the ablation resistance performance of the test sample 5 is obtained in combination with the back temperature curve of the test sample 5.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] A method for using an ablation resistance performance testing device, which uses the ablation resistance performance testing device as described in Example 1, and is used for a test sample 5 of a steel substrate (30CrMnSi) + composite coating (NiCrAlY and Y-ZrO2), and the diameter of the test sample 5 is The steel substrate has a thickness of 9 mm, and the composite coating has a thickness of 1 mm, and the method is characterized in that:

[0052] comprises:

[0053] Step A, first, install the test sample 5 in the installation hole of the test auxiliary tool 7, and ensure that the third thermocouple 28 (test end head) is in contact with the back of the test sample 5, and fasten the connection through the first fastening screw 22 (to the test sample 5, the flame baffle 21 and the outer water cooling pipe 24);

[0054] Step B, respectively, circulate the circulating cooling water to the first water inlet 14 and the second water inlet 27, and respectively recover through the first water outlet 15 and the second water outlet 26; respectively realize the cooling water circulation in the heat flux calibration device 6 and the test auxiliary tool 7;

[0055] Step C, move the test bench 4 so that the test bench 4 and the end of the plasma gun 3 reach a set ablation distance;

[0056] Step D, the plasma gun 3 is first in the heat flux calibration device 6 station (that is, the center line of the plasma gun 3 is collinear with the center line of the heated end cover 8); turn on the plasma gun 3, and adjust the gas flow, current and voltage until the data fed back by the heat flux calibration device 6 reaches the required heat flux of the experiment;

[0057] The heat flux is obtained by the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, q i represents the single heat flux; q m represents the mass flow of water; A represents the heated area of the water-cooled calorimeter; C p represents the specific heat of water at room temperature; T represents the water temperature at the first water outlet 15 (obtained through the first thermocouple 18), and T0 represents the water temperature at the first water inlet 14 (obtained through the second thermocouple 17);

[0060] Step E, keep the plasma gun 3 started and move it to the test auxiliary tool 7 station (that is, the center line of the plasma gun 3 is collinear with the center line of the flame baffle 21), and start the ablation resistance test of the test sample 5;

[0061] Step F, after the test is completed, the plasma gun 3 returns to the heat flux calibration device 6 station, and the plasma gun 3 is turned off; after the test sample 5 is cooled, it is taken out, the weight and the ablation pit depth of the test sample 5 after ablation are detected, the mass ablation rate and the linear ablation rate are calculated, and the ablation resistance performance of the test sample 5 is obtained in combination with the back temperature curve of the test sample 5.

[0062] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for testing ablation resistance, characterized in that: The system includes a plasma gun (3), a test platform (4), a heat flux density calibration device (6), and a test auxiliary fixture (7). The heat flux density calibration device (6) and the test auxiliary fixture (7) are fixedly installed on the end face of the test platform (4), and the plasma gun (3) is installed on the opposite side of the test platform (4) with two stations corresponding to the heat flux density calibration device (6) and the test auxiliary fixture (7). The heat flux density calibration device (6) includes a heated end cap (8) and a first outlet straight pipe (9). The test auxiliary fixture (7) includes a flame baffle (21), an external water cooling pipe (24), an internal water cooling pipe (25), a second water outlet (26), a second water inlet (27), a thermocouple sheath (29), and a sheath plug (31). The inner water-cooling pipe (25) is coaxially arranged inside the outer water-cooling pipe (24). The flame baffle (21) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of one end of the outer water-cooling pipe (24) with an interference fit. The flame baffle (21) has a mounting hole for installing the test specimen (5) in the middle, and the end face of the outer water-cooling pipe (24) at the end of the flame baffle (21) has a mounting groove corresponding to the mounting hole. The end of the test specimen (5) near the outer water-cooling pipe (24) has a gap with the bottom of the mounting groove. The side wall of the mounting groove is connected to the outer water-cooling pipe (24), the flame baffle (21) and the test specimen (5) by setting the first fastening screw (22). The inner water-cooling pipe (25) has a trumpet-shaped structure and its diameter gradually increases from the distance away from the test specimen (5) to the distance towards the test specimen (5). A second water outlet (26) is provided on the outer wall of the end of the cooling pipe (24) away from the test sample (5); a thermocouple sleeve (29) is coaxially provided inside the inner water cooling pipe (25), and the two ends of the thermocouple sleeve (29) are respectively connected to the end of the inner water cooling pipe (25) and the end of the outer water cooling pipe (24). A sleeve plug (31) is provided on the end of the thermocouple sleeve (29) away from the test sample (5), and a second water inlet (27) is provided on the outer wall of the inner water cooling pipe (25) between the sleeve plug (31) and the outer water cooling pipe (24); a third thermocouple (28) is provided inside the thermocouple sleeve (29) through a second fastening screw (30), and the end of the third thermocouple (28) away from the sleeve plug (31) is in close contact with the back of the test sample (5).

2. The ablation resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The testing device also includes an industrial computer (1) and a transmission line (2). The industrial computer (1) is electrically connected to the plasma gun (3), the heat flux density calibration device (6), and the testing auxiliary fixture (7) via the transmission line (2).

3. The ablation resistance testing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inlet pipe (10) is coaxially arranged inside the first outlet straight pipe (9), and both ends of the inlet pipe (10) pass through both ends of the first outlet straight pipe (9). A heated end cap (8) is fixedly installed at one end of the first outlet straight pipe (9), and the inner cavity of the heated end cap (8) is connected to the corresponding ends of the inlet pipe (10) and the first outlet straight pipe (9). The outlet bend (11) is arranged on one side of the outer wall of the first outlet straight pipe (9) and is connected to the first outlet straight pipe (9). The end of the outlet bend (11) away from the first outlet straight pipe (9) is located at the end of the outlet bend (11). The turbine flow meter (13) is connected to the second outlet straight pipe (16); the outer wall of the second outlet straight pipe (16) is provided with a first outlet nozzle (15) and the end of the second outlet straight pipe (16) away from the turbine flow meter (13) is sealed by a first sealing end cap (19); the end of the inlet pipe (10) away from the heated end cap (8) is sealed by a second sealing end cap (20) and the outer wall of the inlet pipe (10) located between the second sealing end cap (20) and the first outlet straight pipe (9) is provided with a first inlet nozzle (14).

4. The method of using the ablation resistance testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: include: Step A: First, install the test sample (5) in the mounting hole of the test auxiliary tooling (7) and ensure that the third thermocouple (28) is in contact with the back of the test sample (5), and fasten the connection by the first fastening screw (22); Step B: Circulating cooling water is introduced into the first water inlet (14) and the second water inlet (27) respectively, and recycled through the first water outlet (15) and the second water outlet (26) respectively; Step C: Move the test stage (4) so ​​that the test stage (4) and the end of the plasma gun (3) reach the set ablation distance; Step D: The plasma gun (3) is first positioned in the heat flux density calibration device (6); the plasma gun (3) is turned on, and the gas flow rate, current, and voltage are adjusted until the data fed back by the heat flux density calibration device (6) reaches the heat flux density required for the experiment. Step E: Keep the plasma gun (3) running and move it to the test auxiliary fixture (7) station to start the ablation resistance test of the test sample (5); Step F: After the test is completed, the plasma gun (3) returns to the heat flux density calibration device (6) and the plasma gun (3) is turned off. After the test sample (5) cools down, it is taken out and the weight and ablation pit depth of the test sample (5) after ablation are detected. The mass ablation rate and linear ablation rate are calculated. Combined with the back temperature curve of the test sample (5), the ablation resistance performance of the test sample (5) is obtained.

5. The method of using the ablation resistance testing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The test specimen (5) is a circular structure with a diameter of φ35~40mm and a thickness of 8~12mm.

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