Hook unhooking assembly, hook unhooking device and mine car

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of mine equipment, and discloses a hook unhooking assembly, which comprises a connecting frame, a hook groove and a hook head arranged side by side at the front end of the connecting frame, a pin, a reset ejection unit and an unhooking unit, a sliding groove is arranged on the hook head corresponding to one side wall of the hook groove, and the pin is slidingly arranged in the sliding groove; the reset ejection unit is arranged between the pin and the hook head, and the front end of the pin is kept in an extended state under normal conditions by the reset ejection unit; the unhooking unit is arranged between the pin and the hook head, and the unhooking unit drives the pin to retract into the sliding groove. The application also discloses a hook unhooking device and a mine car. The application has the advantages of reasonable structure design, convenient and fast assembly, convenient production and manufacturing of components, and the ability to meet the functions of buffering and multidirectional automatic leveling, and is more practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining equipment, and in particular relates to a hook and unhooking assembly, a hook and unhooking device and a mining car. Background Art

[0002] Standard-gauge and narrow-gauge railway vehicles used in mines to transport bulk materials such as ore, waste rock, and coal are typically pulled by locomotives or winches. Various hooking and unhooking mechanisms exist in the art. The simplest type, the latch-type, offers low safety performance and poses significant safety risks. Other complex hooking and unhooking mechanisms are costly to manufacture and therefore unsuitable for mass production.

[0003] The applicant's prior application CN201910905295.X discloses an automatic hooking and unhooking mechanism, an automatic hooking and unhooking device for a mine car, and a mine car. The structural design of the equipment can achieve reliable connection and convenient operation. However, after actual application, new problems arise. For example, some structural components are difficult to produce and process during the production process, and there is partial interference during assembly, which often leads to problems such as difficulty in assembly. Under the requirements of large-scale and high-quality production, it will lead to problems such as excessively high production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned problems and shortcomings and provide a hook and unhooking assembly, a hook and unhooking device and a mine car, which have a reasonable structural design, are easy and quick to assemble, and the components are easier to produce and manufacture, and can meet the functions of buffering, multi-directional automatic adjustment, etc., and have better practicality.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solutions adopted are:

[0006] A hook and unhook assembly, comprising:

[0007] Connecting frame;

[0008] A hook groove and a hook head are arranged side by side at the front end of the connecting frame;

[0009] A bayonet, wherein a sliding groove is provided on the hook head corresponding to one side wall of the hook groove, and the bayonet is matched and slidably arranged in the sliding groove;

[0010] a reset ejection unit, which is provided between the bayonet and the hook head, and in a normal state, the reset ejection unit drives the front end portion of the bayonet to maintain an extended state; and

[0011] A dehooking unit is provided between the bayonet and the hook head, and the dehooking unit drives the bayonet to retract into the sliding groove.

[0012] According to the hook and unhooking assembly of the present invention, preferably, the reset ejection unit includes an ejection spring provided at the rear end of the bayonet and the bottom of the sliding groove, and a limit member is provided between the bayonet and the sliding groove, the limit member limiting the extension length of the bayonet;

[0013] According to the hook and unhooking assembly of the present invention, preferably, a first recessed groove is provided at the rear end of the latch, a second recessed groove is provided at the bottom of the sliding groove, and both ends of the ejection spring are correspondingly provided in the first recessed groove and the second recessed groove.

[0014] According to the hook and unhooking assembly of the present invention, preferably, the unhooking unit includes:

[0015] A bayonet pin shaft is provided on the bayonet, and guide grooves corresponding to the bayonet pin shaft are provided on both sides of the sliding groove; and

[0016] The unhooking link is hingedly arranged on the connecting frame, one end of the unhooking link is an operating end, and the other end of the unhooking link is provided with a strip hole, and the bayonet pin shaft is matched and penetrated in the strip hole.

[0017] According to the hook and unhooking assembly of the present invention, preferably, the unhooking link includes an automatic unhooking link and a manual unhooking link, the operating end of the automatic unhooking link extends to the lower part of the connecting frame, and the operating end of the manual unhooking link extends to the upper part of the connecting frame.

[0018] A hook and unhook device, comprising:

[0019] A mounting frame, the mounting frame being connected and fixed to the mine car;

[0020] A buffer rack, wherein the mounting rack is provided with a sliding slot, the buffer rack is arranged in the sliding slot for sliding back and forth, and a buffer unit is provided between the buffer rack and the mounting rack;

[0021] A swing bracket, the swing bracket is hingedly provided on the buffer bracket, the swing bracket can swing left and right relative to the buffer bracket, and a reset and centering unit is provided between the two sides of the swing bracket and the buffer bracket;

[0022] As in the above-mentioned hook and unhooking assembly, the connecting frame is hingedly arranged on the swing bracket, and the connecting frame can swing up and down relative to the swing bracket; and

[0023] A lower supporting plate, the rear end of which is hingedly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame, the front end of which is arranged corresponding to the lower part of the connecting frame, and a leveling unit is provided between the lower supporting plate and the mounting frame.

[0024] According to the hook and unhooking device of the present invention, preferably, the buffer unit includes two buffer springs, the mounting frame is provided with an assembly recess corresponding to the sliding slot, and the buffer spring is matched and arranged in the assembly recess.

[0025] According to the hook and unhooking device of the present invention, preferably, the reset and centering unit includes:

[0026] A fixed platform, wherein two fixed platforms are correspondingly arranged in the buffer frame on the left and right;

[0027] A sliding rod, with both ends of the sliding rod being arranged on two fixed platforms, and a left sliding block and a right sliding block being slidably arranged on the sliding rod; and

[0028] A return spring is provided on the sliding rod between the left sliding block and the right sliding block.

[0029] According to the hook and unhooking device of the present invention, preferably, a left swing balancing block and a right swing balancing block are provided on the swing bracket, the left swing balancing block is provided correspondingly to the left sliding block, and the right swing balancing block is provided correspondingly to the right sliding block;

[0030] A left swing limit block and a right swing limit block are also provided on the swing bracket. When the swing bracket swings to the extreme position, the corresponding left swing limit block or right swing limit block is fitted and limited with the corresponding fixed platform; the rear end of the connecting frame is provided with an upper and lower swing bracket, and the swing bracket is provided with an upper swing limit block and a lower swing limit block corresponding to the upper and lower swing brackets, and the upper and lower swing brackets, the upper swing limit block and the lower swing limit block are connected by a pin shaft.

[0031] According to the hook and unhooking device of the present invention, preferably, the buffer frame and the swing bracket are hinged through a connecting shaft, and a strip guide groove corresponding to the connecting shaft is provided on the mounting frame, and both ends of the connecting shaft are matched and slidably arranged in the strip guide groove.

[0032] According to the hook and unhooking device of the present invention, preferably, the leveling unit is a torsion spring provided on the rotating shaft between the lower supporting plate and the mounting bracket; or

[0033] The leveling unit is a leveling spring, the lower end of the leveling spring is connected to the lower supporting plate, the upper end of the leveling spring is connected to the mounting frame, and an adjusting stud is provided on at least one end of the leveling spring.

[0034] A mine car comprises a mine car body and the hook and unhooking device as described above, wherein the hook and unhooking device is arranged at the end of the mine car body.

[0035] The beneficial effects achieved by adopting the above technical solution are:

[0036] The structure of the present application is reasonable in design, easy and quick to assemble, and the components are more convenient for production and manufacturing. It can meet the functions of buffering, automatic leveling up and down, and automatic centering left and right, and has better practicality. The setting of the hook groove and hook head of the present application can make the hook groove and hook head on the corresponding two hook unhooking components be aligned and assembled, matched and embedded together, and fixed by a bayonet. The connection structure has high reliability, and the ejection spring can provide a force for the extension of the bayonet, ensuring the stability of the bayonet structure after the bayonet is fixed, improving the safety of docking, and will not cause the front and rear mine cars to loosen due to vibration during the driving process of the mine car; the manual unhooking connecting rod and the automatic unhooking connecting rod setting of the present application can not only automatically unhook by setting a conical table at the position where unhooking is required, but also can realize manual unhooking by manual operation of workers, which greatly improves the practicality of the equipment.

[0037] The present application is connected to the mine car through a mounting frame, and the buffer frame and the buffer unit can buffer the impact force when the two mine cars are docked, so as to avoid the hook unhooking device being damaged by excessive impact force during use, thereby improving the stability and service life of the structure; the swing bracket of the present application can swing left and right relative to the buffer frame, and can automatically return to center under the action of the reset centering unit. The design of this structure can ensure that the hook unhooking device can adaptively rotate when the mine car performs non-linear motion, so as to avoid the hook unhooking device between the two mine cars being damaged due to change of direction; it also makes it easier for the two mine cars to operate when docking, and can make the corresponding hook groove and hook head accurately positioned and engaged. The setting of the articulated structure of the connecting frame and the swing bracket of the present application can make the connecting frame swing freely up and down, which can facilitate the hook unhooking device to swing up and down adaptively when the mine car goes up and down the slope, and at the same time, under the action of the lower support plate, it can ensure that the connecting frame can return to its initial equilibrium state when not affected by external forces.

[0038] The connection and assembly between the various components of the present application are more convenient to operate, and when the mine car goes uphill or downhill or turns, the components of the present application can make adaptive changes to ensure the secure connection and the service life of the components, thereby improving the safety of the mine car during operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. The drawings are only used to illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, but not to limit all embodiments of the present invention thereto.

[0040] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hook and unhook assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top view structure.

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the top view structure.

[0043] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the hook and unhooking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the upward-looking structure.

[0045] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the connection structure of the mounting bracket and the buffer bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the upward-looking structure.

[0047] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of a buffer rack according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the side structure.

[0049] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the swing bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of the alignment state of two hook and unhooking devices in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0051] Serial number in the picture:

[0052] 100 is a mounting frame, 101 is an assembly sink, and 102 is a strip guide groove;

[0053] 200 is a buffer frame, 201 is a buffer spring, 202 is a connecting shaft, 203 is a fixed platform, 204 is a sliding rod, 205 is a return spring, 206 is a left sliding block, and 207 is a right sliding block;

[0054] 300 is a swing bracket, 301 is a left swing balance block, 302 is a right swing balance block, 303 is a left swing limit block, 304 is a right swing limit block, 305 is an upper swing limit block, and 306 is a lower swing limit block;

[0055] 400 is a connecting frame, 401 is a hook groove, 402 is a hook head, 403 is a bayonet, 404 is a sliding groove, 405 is an ejection spring, 406 is a first sink groove, 407 is a second sink groove, 408 is a bayonet pin shaft, 409 is an automatic unhooking link, 410 is a manual unhooking link, 411 is a guide groove, and 412 is an up and down swing bracket;

[0056] 500 is the lower support plate, 501 is the leveling spring, and 502 is the adjusting stud. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of specific embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention should be given the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the relevant field.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the expressions “first” and “second” are used to describe the various elements of the present invention and do not represent any limitation on order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish one component from another.

[0059] It should be noted that when one element is expressed as “connected”, “coupled” or “connected” to another element, it may mean that they are directly connected, coupled or connected, but it should be understood that there may be intermediate elements between the two; that is, the positional relationship of direct connection and indirect connection is covered.

[0060] It should be noted that the use of "a" or "an" and similar words does not necessarily indicate a limitation of quantity. "Include" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, but do not exclude other elements or objects.

[0061] It should be noted that terms such as "up", "down", "left" and "right" that indicate orientation or positional relationships are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. This is for the convenience of describing the present invention, and does not mean that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0062] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present application discloses a hook and unhooking assembly, including a connecting frame 400, a hook groove 401 and a hook head 402 arranged side by side at the front end of the connecting frame 400, a latch 403, a reset ejection unit and a unhooking unit. The two hook and unhooking assemblies arranged on two adjacent mine cars can achieve corresponding connection. After the normal connection is completed, the hook groove on one hook and unhooking assembly is engaged with the hook head on the other hook and unhooking assembly, and the connection is completed by the engagement of the latches on the two hook and unhooking assemblies.

[0063] Specifically, in this embodiment, a sliding groove 404 is provided on the hook head 402 corresponding to one of the side walls of the hook groove 401, and the latch 403 is slidingly arranged in the sliding groove 404; the reset ejection unit is arranged between the latch 403 and the hook head 402. Under normal conditions, the reset ejection unit drives the front end of the latch 403 to remain in an extended state; the latch can also retract when subjected to external force, so as to complete the corresponding action in the early stage of hooking or when unhooking is required. The outer side surface of the latch is an inclined slope, so that it can be retracted after being pushed by the hook head of another hook unhooking component in the early stage of hooking; the unhooking unit is arranged between the latch 403 and the hook head 402, and the unhooking unit drives the latch 403 to retract into the sliding groove 404. The unhooking unit is mainly used to complete the retraction of the latch and overcome the force provided by the reset ejection unit.

[0064] Preferably, the reset ejection unit in this embodiment includes an ejection spring 405 arranged at the rear end of the pin 403 and the bottom of the sliding groove 404, and a limit member is provided between the pin 403 and the sliding groove 404, and the limit member limits the extension length of the pin 403 to prevent the pin from escaping from the sliding groove under the action of the ejection spring; in order to facilitate the positioning and installation of the ejection spring, the rear end of the pin 403 in this embodiment is provided with a first groove 406, and the bottom of the sliding groove 404 is provided with a second groove 407, and the two ends of the ejection spring 405 are correspondingly arranged in the first groove 406 and the second groove 407. The design of this structure not only does not affect the extension and contraction action of the spring, but also can ensure that the position of the ejection spring is relatively stable, and the problem of jamming due to the offset of the ejection spring will not occur, thereby improving the safety of the equipment and making the hooking and unhooking actions smoother. The structure of the limiting member can adopt a variety of different forms, such as setting a limiting groove on the side wall of the sliding groove and setting a limiting block on the pin; or the front end of the sliding groove is relatively small, and the rear end of the pin is set with a rear limiting baffle corresponding to the front end of the sliding groove. Other structural forms can also be used to achieve the limitation of the front and rear travel of the pin, which will not be repeated.

[0065] The unhooking unit in the embodiment comprises a latch pin shaft 408 and an unhooking connecting rod. The latch pin shaft 408 is arranged on the latch pin 403, and both sides of the sliding groove 404 are provided with a guide groove 411 corresponding to the latch pin shaft 408. The unhooking connecting rod is hingedly arranged on the connecting frame 400. One end of the unhooking connecting rod is an operating end, and the other end of the unhooking connecting rod is provided with a strip-shaped hole, and the latch pin shaft 408 is matched and arranged in the strip-shaped hole. In order to simplify the structure and effectively arrange the structure in the effective space, the latch pin shaft in the embodiment can also be used as a limiting piece, and the guide groove is used as a limiting piece for limiting the stroke of the front and back movement of the latch pin shaft. In the working process, the latch pin is in the extended state, and the extended state is the state when it is not under stress. When hooking or unhooking is needed, the latch pin is subjected to external force, thereby overcoming the action force of the ejection spring to complete the inward retraction. When hooking, the retraction is achieved by the component force of the top pushing force of the inclined surface of the front end of the latch pin. When unhooking, the retraction is achieved by the sliding of the latch pin shaft in the guide groove driven by the swing of the unhooking connecting rod.

[0066] In order to realize the automatic and manual unhooking modes, the unhooking connecting rod in the application comprises an automatic unhooking connecting rod 409 and a manual unhooking connecting rod 410. The operating end of the automatic unhooking connecting rod 409 extends to the lower part of the connecting frame 400, and the operating end of the manual unhooking connecting rod 410 extends to the upper part of the connecting frame 400. When unhooking is needed at a specific position, a conical unhooking inclined table can be installed on the ground. After the automatic unhooking connecting rod touches the unhooking inclined table, the automatic unhooking connecting rod swings, thereby driving the latch pin shaft to move, so as to realize the retraction of the latch pin and complete the unhooking.

[0067] The application also discloses a hooking and unhooking device which not only can realize collision buffering, but also can swing in the left-right and up-down directions, thereby adapting to the movement of the mine car and realizing leveling and facilitating positioning and docking. Specifically, the hooking and unhooking device in the embodiment comprises a mounting frame 100, a buffering frame 200, a swing support 300, a hooking and unhooking assembly as described above and a lower supporting plate 500. The mounting frame 100 is connected and fixed with the mine car. The mounting frame 100 is provided with a sliding clamping groove, the buffering frame 200 is slidably arranged in the sliding clamping groove, and a buffering unit is arranged between the buffering frame 200 and the mounting frame 100. The buffering frame can slide forward and backward relative to the mounting frame, so as to buffer the action force of the front collision under the action of the buffering unit and avoid that some structural parts are subjected to excessive shearing action force.

[0068] Preferably, the buffering unit in the embodiment comprises two buffering springs 201. The mounting frame 100 is provided with an assembly sink groove 101 corresponding to the sliding clamping groove, and the buffering spring 201 is matched and arranged in the assembly sink groove 101.

[0069] Furthermore, the swing bracket 300 in this embodiment is hingedly set on the buffer frame 200, and the swing bracket 300 can swing left and right relative to the buffer frame 200. A reset centering unit is set between the two sides of the swing bracket 300 and the buffer frame 200; the reset centering unit includes a fixed platform 203, a sliding rod 204 and a reset spring 205, and the two fixed platforms 203 are correspondingly arranged in the buffer frame 200 on the left and right; the two ends of the sliding rod 204 are set on the two fixed platforms 203, and a left sliding block 206 and a right sliding block 207 are slidingly set on the sliding rod 204; the reset spring 205 is set on the sliding rod 204 between the left sliding block 206 and the right sliding block 207. The swing bracket 300 is provided with a left swing balancing block 301 and a right swing balancing block 302. The left swing balancing block 301 is provided corresponding to the left sliding block 206, and the right swing balancing block 302 is provided corresponding to the right sliding block 207. The swing bracket 300 is also provided with a left swing limit block 303 and a right swing limit block 304. When the swing bracket 300 swings to the extreme position, the corresponding left swing limit block 303 or right swing limit block 304 is affixed and limited to the corresponding fixed platform 203. The rear end of the connecting frame 400 is provided with an upper and lower swing bracket 412. The swing bracket 300 is provided with an upper swing limit block 305 and a lower swing limit block 306 corresponding to the upper and lower swing brackets 412. The upper and lower swing brackets 412, the upper swing limit block 305, and the lower swing limit block 306 are connected by a pin. When the connecting frame swings, the upper and lower swing limit blocks can limit the swing amplitude.

[0070] Through the design of the above structure, not only the swing amplitude of the swing bracket 300 can be limited, but also the up and down swing amplitude of the connecting frame 400 can be limited, thereby ensuring the structural stability of the equipment and making it easier for the hook and unhooking device of the mine car to achieve adaptive posture adjustment when turning, without reducing the service life of some structural components due to the torque.

[0071] To facilitate a compact and rational design of the entire device, improve space utilization, and reduce the difficulty of component manufacturing, the buffer frame 200 of the present application is hingedly connected to the swing bracket 300 via a connecting shaft 202. The mounting frame 100 is provided with a strip guide groove corresponding to the connecting shaft 202, and the two ends of the connecting shaft 202 are matched and slidably disposed within the strip guide groove 102. This structural design can minimize the complexity and manufacturing difficulty of each component, making it more convenient for mass production and application, and the connection between the assembled components is more stable and reliable.

[0072] The connecting frame 400 of the hook and unhooking assembly of the present application is hingedly set on the swing bracket 300, and the connecting frame 400 can swing up and down relative to the swing bracket 300; the rear end of the lower support plate 500 is hingedly set at the bottom of the mounting frame 100, and the front end of the lower support plate 500 is set corresponding to the lower part of the connecting frame 400, and a leveling unit is set between the lower support plate 500 and the mounting frame 100.

[0073] The leveling unit in this embodiment provides two different implementations:

[0074] The first embodiment of the leveling unit is as follows: the leveling unit is a torsion spring provided on the rotating shaft between the lower supporting plate 500 and the mounting frame 100 .

[0075] The second embodiment of the leveling unit is: the leveling unit is a leveling spring 501, the lower end of the leveling spring 501 is connected to the lower support plate 500, the upper end of the leveling spring 501 is connected to the mounting frame 100, and an adjusting stud 502 is provided at at least one end of the leveling spring 501.

[0076] Both of the above methods can provide an upward reset force to the lower support plate, which can overcome the downward swinging force of the hook and unhooking assembly due to gravity. At the same time, when the mine car goes up and down the slope, the hook and unhooking assembly will adaptively adjust its posture, thereby swinging upward or overcoming the force of the lower support plate to swing downward, reducing the force on the structural components, ensuring the stable and effective connection of the hook and unhooking device, and improving the service life of the equipment and the stability of the structure.

[0077] The present application also discloses a mine car, comprising a mine car body and the above-mentioned hook and unhooking device, wherein the hook and unhooking device is arranged at the end of the mine car body. The hook grooves and hook heads of the hook and unhooking devices on the two mine car bodies are aligned and engaged with each other, thereby achieving connection and fixation.

[0078] How this application works is:

[0079] During the hooking process, the two mine cars gradually approach each other. In the two hook and unhooking assemblies, the hook head of one hook and unhooking assembly corresponds to the hook groove of the other hook and unhooking assembly. As the hook head and the hook groove are continuously engaged, the hook head pushes the latch pin in the corresponding hook groove, or the inclined surfaces of the two latch pins fit together and push each other, so that the latch pin overcomes the force of the ejection spring and retracts. When the hook head and the hook groove are completely engaged, the latch pin re-extends under the action of the ejection spring, and the two latch pins in the two hook and unhooking assemblies complete the dislocation engagement, and then the hook and unhooking assemblies of the two mine cars are locked, completing the hooking work.

[0080] In the unhooking process, when manual unhooking is needed, the manual unhooking connecting rod is moved manually, the lower end of the manual unhooking connecting rod swings, and the pin shaft of the pin slides in the guide groove, so as to overcome the action force of the ejection spring, realize the retraction of the pin, and with the retraction of the pin, the two hook unhooking assemblies can be freely separated, after the two mine cars gradually move away from each other, the separation of the hook unhooking assembly and the mine car is completed. When automatic unhooking is needed, a conical unhooking inclined table is placed on the corresponding bottom surface, the action force of the unhooking inclined table on the automatic unhooking connecting rod is used to realize the swing of the automatic unhooking connecting rod, and the retraction of the pin is driven, so as to realize the unhooking and separation.

[0081] The preferred embodiments for implementing the present application have been described in detail above, but it should be understood that the functions of these embodiments are only for example, and are not intended to limit the scope, application or structure of the present application in any way. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Those skilled in the art can make many changes to the foregoing embodiments under the teaching of the present application, and these changes all fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A hook and unhook device, characterized in that: include: A mounting frame, the mounting frame being connected and fixed to the mine car; A buffer rack, wherein the mounting rack is provided with a sliding slot, the buffer rack is arranged in the sliding slot for sliding back and forth, and a buffer unit is provided between the buffer rack and the mounting rack; A swing bracket, the swing bracket is hingedly provided on the buffer bracket, the swing bracket can swing left and right relative to the buffer bracket, and a reset and centering unit is provided between the two sides of the swing bracket and the buffer bracket; A hook and unhooking assembly, wherein a connecting frame of the hook and unhooking assembly is hingedly arranged on the swing bracket, and the connecting frame can swing up and down relative to the swing bracket; as well as A lower support plate, wherein the rear end of the lower support plate is hingedly arranged at the bottom of the mounting frame, the front end of the lower support plate is arranged corresponding to the lower part of the connecting frame, and a leveling unit is provided between the lower support plate and the mounting frame; The hook and unhook assembly comprises: Connecting frame; A hook groove and a hook head are arranged side by side at the front end of the connecting frame; A bayonet, wherein a sliding groove is provided on the hook head corresponding to one side wall of the hook groove, and the bayonet is matched and slidably arranged in the sliding groove; a reset ejection unit, which is provided between the bayonet and the hook head, and in a normal state, the reset ejection unit drives the front end portion of the bayonet to maintain an extended state; and a dehooking unit, the dehooking unit being arranged between the bayonet and the hook head, and the dehooking unit driving the bayonet to retract into the sliding groove; The reset and centering unit comprises: A fixed platform, wherein two fixed platforms are correspondingly arranged in the buffer frame on the left and right; A sliding rod, with both ends of the sliding rod being arranged on two fixed platforms, and a left sliding block and a right sliding block being slidably arranged on the sliding rod; and a return spring, which is arranged on the sliding rod between the left sliding block and the right sliding block; The swing bracket is provided with a left swing balancing block and a right swing balancing block, the left swing balancing block is provided corresponding to the left sliding block, and the right swing balancing block is provided corresponding to the right sliding block; the swing bracket is also provided with a left swing limit block and a right swing limit block, and when the swing bracket swings to the limit position, the corresponding left swing limit block or right swing limit block is fitted and limited with the corresponding fixed platform; the rear end of the connecting frame is provided with an upper and lower swing bracket, and the swing bracket is provided with an upper and lower swing limit block corresponding to the upper and lower swing brackets, and the upper and lower swing brackets, the upper and lower swing limit block and the lower swing limit block are connected by a pin shaft; The leveling unit is a torsion spring provided on the rotating shaft between the lower supporting plate and the mounting frame; or The leveling unit is a leveling spring, the lower end of the leveling spring is connected to the lower supporting plate, the upper end of the leveling spring is connected to the mounting frame, and an adjusting stud is provided on at least one end of the leveling spring.

2. The hook and unhooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reset ejection unit includes an ejection spring provided at the rear end of the bayonet and the bottom of the sliding groove, and a limit member is provided between the bayonet and the sliding groove, the limit member limiting the extension length of the bayonet; A first sunken groove is provided at the rear end of the bayonet, a second sunken groove is provided at the bottom of the sliding groove, and both ends of the ejection spring are correspondingly provided in the first sunken groove and the second sunken groove.

3. The hook and unhooking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The decoupling unit comprises: A bayonet pin shaft is provided on the bayonet, and guide grooves corresponding to the bayonet pin shaft are provided on both sides of the sliding groove; and The unhooking link is hingedly arranged on the connecting frame, one end of the unhooking link is an operating end, and the other end of the unhooking link is provided with a strip hole, and the bayonet pin shaft is matched and penetrated in the strip hole.

4. The hook and unhooking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The unhooking link comprises an automatic unhooking link and a manual unhooking link, the operating end of the automatic unhooking link extends to the lower part of the connecting frame, and the operating end of the manual unhooking link extends to the upper part of the connecting frame.

5. The hook and unhooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer unit includes two buffer springs. The mounting frame is provided with an assembly recess corresponding to the sliding slot. The buffer spring is matched and arranged in the assembly recess.

6. The hook and unhooking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer frame and the swing bracket are hinged via a connecting shaft. The mounting frame is provided with a strip guide groove corresponding to the connecting shaft. Both ends of the connecting shaft are matched and slidably arranged in the strip guide groove.

7. A mining car, characterized in that: The invention comprises a mining car body and a hook-unhooking device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the hook-unhooking device is arranged at the end of the mining car body.

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