Floating wetland system

Abstract

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a floating wetland system is provided, which comprises a wetland pretreatment module, one or more floating wetland modules and a water circulation system, wherein the wetland pretreatment module comprises from inside to outside a control bin unit, a buoyancy body and a filter unit, the control bin unit comprising an air pump and a water pump; each floating wetland module comprises a floating member, a planting layer, a deep treatment layer, a water distribution mechanism and an aeration gas lifting mechanism, wherein the floating member is arranged around the planting layer and comprises a plurality of separate buoyancy cavities; the deep treatment layer comprises a plurality of treatment areas located below the planting layer, and a plurality of water treatment fillers are arranged in each treatment area; the aeration gas lifting mechanism is connected to the air pump of the control bin unit and can lift the water treatment fillers in each treatment area respectively, so that the fillers tumble and collide with each other; the water circulation system comprises a pipeline connected to the water pump of the control bin unit, which transports the water treated by the wetland pretreatment module to the water distribution mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of water treatment, and more specifically, to a floating wetland system. Background Technology

[0002] Among existing constructed wetlands, vertical flow constructed wetlands offer better water treatment performance. However, their filter media is relatively heavy, and they are typically constructed as bypasses on the bank, increasing their land area and resulting in higher construction and operating costs. Furthermore, such vertical flow constructed wetlands are prone to clogging during long-term operation, requiring regular substrate replacement.

[0003] Floating wetlands primarily rely on the root systems of planted vegetation and the attached biofilm to purify water. They occupy a large water surface area, have limited purification capacity and space, poor adaptability to water quality changes, unstable treatment effects, and are difficult to construct on-site. Over time, their increased weight can cause them to sink and become clogged, resulting in high maintenance costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the aforementioned technical problems, according to one aspect of this disclosure, a floating wetland system is provided, comprising a wetland pretreatment module, one or more floating wetland modules, and a water circulation system. The wetland pretreatment module includes, from the inside out, a control chamber unit, a buoyancy body, and a filtration unit. The control chamber unit includes an air pump and a water pump. Each floating wetland module includes a float, a planting layer, a deep treatment layer, a water distribution mechanism, and an aeration and lifting mechanism. The float is arranged around the planting layer and includes multiple individual buoyancy cavities. The deep treatment layer includes multiple treatment zones located below the planting layer, each treatment zone containing multiple water treatment packing materials. The aeration and lifting mechanism is connected to the air pump of the control chamber unit and is capable of aeration and lifting of the water treatment packing materials in each treatment zone, causing the packing materials to tumble and collide with each other. The water circulation system includes a pipe connected to the water pump of the control chamber unit, which transports the water treated by the wetland pretreatment module to the water distribution mechanism of the one or more floating wetland modules.

[0005] Optionally, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the floating wetland system further includes an automated control system comprising an automatic water quality adjustment unit that determines the operating frequency of the water pump in the wetland pretreatment module based on a comparison of the water quality obtained from water quality monitoring points set in the wetland pretreatment module and the floating wetland module with a set range.

[0006] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the filtration unit of the wetland pretreatment module includes a coarse filtration zone and a fine filtration zone. The coarse filtration zone is disposed around the outermost perimeter of the wetland pretreatment module and includes filtration channels forming a labyrinthine channel. The fine filtration zone is disposed around the inner perimeter of the coarse filtration zone and includes multiple removable filter plates.

[0007] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the wetland pretreatment module further includes an airlift device connected to the air pump and includes a gas pipe disposed below the coarse filtration zone.

[0008] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the coarse filtration zone includes spiral needle-punched filter media filled in the filtration channel, wherein the spiral needle-punched filter media is spiral in the middle and covered with needles on the outside of the spiral, and when the air-lift device releases gas into the coarse filtration zone, at least a portion of the gas and water flow spirals upward along the spiral needle-punched filter media.

[0009] Optionally, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the air-lift device has a pipe below the fine filtration zone, the filter plate of the fine filtration zone is inclined, and the fine filtration zone is flushed when the control valve corresponding to the pipe of the fine filtration zone is opened.

[0010] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the wetland pretreatment module further includes a buoyancy adjustment mechanism, which includes an airbag, an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe, the airbag being fixed to the bottom of the floating wetland module.

[0011] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the wetland pretreatment module further includes an automatic flushing device comprising a control valve and a high-pressure nozzle, the automatic flushing device being connected to the water pump of the control chamber unit, the high-pressure nozzle facing the filter plate of the fine filtration zone.

[0012] Optionally, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the automated control system further includes a liquid level adjustment unit, which determines whether to activate an automatic flushing device to clean the fine filtration zone based on a comparison between the difference between the internal and external liquid levels of the fine filtration zone and a set value, or determines whether to adjust the buoyancy adjustment mechanism to increase buoyancy based on the liquid level height of the floating wetland module.

[0013] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, at least a portion of the ends of the plurality of buoyancy cavities of the floating wetland module are connected to connecting plates via connecting flanges, and adjacent connecting plates are pivotally connected to each other.

[0014] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the deep treatment layer is divided into the plurality of treatment zones by partitions, and the water treatment filler is an elastic filler, wherein in each treatment zone, the elastic filler fills one-half to four-fifths of the space.

[0015] According to one aspect of this disclosure, optionally, the aeration and lifting mechanism includes a double-layered pipe system laid beneath the deep treatment layer, wherein the first layer of pipes is interconnected, and the second layer of pipes includes segmented pipes corresponding to each treatment area, each segmented pipe having its own control valve.

[0016] Optionally, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the gas pipeline of the aeration and lifting mechanism is laid below the entire deep treatment layer, including a main gas pipe and a branch gas pipe respectively connected to a control valve. Multiple main gas pipes and branch gas pipes are provided below each treatment area. The main gas pipes are arranged in parallel, and the branch gas pipes are located on both sides of the main gas pipes and extend downward at an angle. A low-lying area with an approximate "V" shape is formed between adjacent branch gas pipes.

[0017] Optionally, according to one aspect of this disclosure, the floating wetland system includes multiple floating wetland modules, adjacent floating wetland modules are interconnected to form a whole, and float in the water body, and the wetland pretreatment module transports the treated water to each floating wetland module.

[0018] The floating wetland system disclosed herein uses buoyancy materials to ensure the buoyancy of the wetland system. At the same time, the floating components can be set up as multiple independent buoyancy cavities. Thus, even if a single buoyancy cavity is damaged, it will not affect the buoyancy of other cavities, ensuring the stability of buoyancy.

[0019] The planting layer can be a modular structure formed by wrapping a lightweight filamentous filler around the buoyancy body. This method facilitates modular installation and provides greater buoyancy to the entire wetland. Microbial flocs enriched on the plant roots can absorb and degrade organic matter.

[0020] The packing material in the deep treatment layer beneath the plant roots can further degrade organic matter. This deep treatment layer can be divided into multiple treatment zones, each filled with more than half its volume of packing material. This allows water to come into contact with more packing material before flowing out of the floating wetland system. The packing material is made of elastic or lightweight spherical or cylindrical material, making it easy to agitate with gas. Airlifting is applied to each deep treatment zone separately, allowing the packing material in each zone to fully tumble and collide, accelerating the shedding of aging biofilm on the packing surface and promoting the continuous cultivation and growth of new microorganisms.

[0021] The floating wetland system disclosed herein employs a wetland pretreatment module to pretreat the water, removing larger particles and some organic matter. This prevents clogging of the floating wetland module and extends the maintenance time of the floating wetland.

[0022] The wetland pretreatment module disclosed herein filters larger particles of impurities through a coarse filtration zone, where aerobic bacteria further degrade and reduce COD. A fine filtration zone then further intercepts finer suspended impurities and removes ammonia nitrogen. To ensure an aerobic environment in the coarse filtration zone and prevent clogging in the fine filtration zone, the wetland pretreatment module includes an airlift device. This device can aerate the coarse filtration zone and flush the fine filtration zone with gas, extending maintenance intervals. The filter channels are filled, for example, with spiral needle-punched packing. Under the action of the airlift device, the spiral shape creates an upward water flow, and the multiple needles form a labyrinthine flow. The horizontal and vertical labyrinth facilitates sufficient contact between the water flow and the packing material, as well as thorough mixing of the gas and water, thereby improving the water treatment effect.

[0023] Furthermore, the floating wetland system disclosed herein can adopt a modular structure, where both the wetland pretreatment module and the floating wetland module can be pre-assembled. The floating wetland module can be constructed into different shapes as needed, combining to form various landscape designs, facilitating installation and ensuring structural stability. In addition, the wetland pretreatment module and the floating wetland module can be assembled and expanded to suit larger water surfaces. The installation method of the floating wetland module gives it strong resistance to wind, waves, and water level fluctuations, providing excellent wave absorption and shock absorption.

[0024] Implementing any apparatus of this disclosure does not necessarily require achieving all of the advantages described above simultaneously. Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent in part from the description and embodiments, or may be learned by practicing this disclosure. The objects and advantages of embodiments of this disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of this disclosure, and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a floating wetland system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A top-view schematic diagram of the floating wetland system shown.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wetland pretreatment module of a floating wetland system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a floating wetland module of a floating wetland system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of a floating wetland module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a floating wetland module assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 An enlarged view of section B is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this disclosure. Various different embodiments can be combined with each other to constitute other embodiments not shown in the following description. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments of this disclosure without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0034] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms “first,” “second,” and similar terms used in this patent application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, “an” or “a” and similar terms do not necessarily indicate a quantity limitation. Terms such as “comprising” or “including” mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the element or object listed following the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as “connected” or “linked” are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “left,” and “right” are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, which may change accordingly when the absolute position of the described object changes.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a floating wetland system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a top view of the floating wetland system.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the floating wetland system includes a wetland pretreatment module 10 and at least one floating wetland module 20. The wetland pretreatment module 10 and the floating wetland module 20 are connected by a water circulation system 30. The floating wetland system may also include an automated control system (not shown) that can control the hydraulic residence time of the floating wetland system and adjust the buoyancy of the floating wetland system as needed.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wetland pretreatment module of a floating wetland system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The following references... Figure 1-3 The main structure of the wetland pretreatment module 10 is described.

[0038] The wetland pretreatment module 10 includes a control chamber unit 11, a buoyancy body 12, a coarse filtration zone 13, and a fine filtration zone 14. The coarse filtration zone 13 and the fine filtration zone 14 can form a filtration unit. Positioning the control chamber unit 11 in the center of the module helps ensure its balance and stability. The buoyancy bodies 12 can be symmetrically positioned on both sides of the control chamber unit to maintain the module's balance. The coarse filtration zone 13 can be located around the outermost perimeter of the wetland pretreatment module, primarily used to adsorb and remove larger suspended particles from the water, initially improving water quality, decomposing some organic matter, and reducing the pressure on subsequent treatment processes. The fine filtration zone 14 is located around the inner perimeter of the coarse filtration zone 13, further treating the pretreated water, intercepting finer suspended particles, and decomposing some organic matter, such as COD and NH3-N.

[0039] The wetland pretreatment module 10 may further include an airlift device 16. The airlift device 16 may be located at the bottom of the coarse filtration zone 13 to provide it with a water environment with sufficient dissolved oxygen.

[0040] More specifically, the control chamber unit 11 is equipped with a water pump 111 and an air pump 112. A movable manhole 113 can be installed above the chamber for easy inspection and maintenance of the equipment. The water pump 111 and the air pump 112 provide hydrodynamic and pneumatic power sources for the floating wetland system.

[0041] The buoyancy body 12 can be constructed of buoyant materials and / or structures to provide sufficient buoyancy for the entire module. For example, the buoyancy body 12 can be constructed of a hollow metal pipe or a solid buoyancy material. Furthermore, a walkway can be provided above the buoyancy body 12 (see...). Figure 3 The reference numeral 17 in the attached diagram facilitates the operation, maintenance, and repair of the module by personnel. If necessary, the buoyancy body 12 may also include a portion (not shown) disposed at the bottom of the control compartment unit to increase buoyancy for the module.

[0042] The coarse filtration zone 13 may include a planting layer 132, a filter channel 133, mounting components 134, and filter media 136. The planting layer 132 may include buoyancy blocks and lightweight packing materials surrounding the buoyancy blocks, such as filamentous packing materials like coconut fiber, which further increases the buoyancy of the entire module. Planting plants 131 on the planting layer makes the entire module more aesthetically pleasing. The buoyancy blocks can be made of materials such as high-density polyethylene or hollow metal tubes. The filter channel 133 is located below the planting layer 132 and may include staggered filter plates with filter media. The filter plates can be flat or curved, forming a labyrinthine channel. The filter channel 133 can be made of a material with high porosity and high gas permeability, allowing airflow to be evenly distributed within the packing layer, providing the necessary oxygen conditions for the growth of aerobic bacteria and facilitating biofilm growth and renewal. Specifically, the filter channel 133 may also use porous semi-flexible packing materials 135 instead of filter plates, such as sponges. This material has a large specific surface area and a large gas-liquid mass transfer area, allowing the liquid to achieve a more uniform distribution on the surface of the packing material. This enables the liquid to have more sufficient contact with microorganisms, which is beneficial for the microorganisms to degrade organic matter in the water.

[0043] Filter media 136 is filled between filter channels 133. Filter media 136 can be semi-soft, such as strap-on filter media, which has minimal impact on water flow. Filter media 136 can be evenly distributed within the filter channels 133. Filter media 136 can also be a spiral-shaped material with needle-like structures evenly distributed on the outer surface (hereinafter referred to as spiral needle-punched filter media). This material shape facilitates uniform mixing of water flow and gas generated by the airlift action. See the description of the airlift device below for details.

[0044] The filter channel 133 is connected below by a mounting member 134. The mounting member 134 can be configured as a mesh to prevent obstruction of water flow; it can be rigid or made of nylon mesh. Water passes through the filter media 136 while flowing through the transverse labyrinthine flow formed by the filter channel 133. Larger particles in the water are intercepted at this stage.

[0045] The fine filtration zone 14 includes a movable filter plate 141, which is detachably inserted into a fixed chute 142. The movable filter plate 141 includes a frame and packing material disposed within the frame. For easy assembly and disassembly, a convenient handle can be provided on its top. Microorganisms in the water accumulate and adhere to the surface of the packing material, forming a biofilm that degrades organic matter in the water. However, as the biofilm gradually thickens, clogging may occur, affecting treatment efficiency. The movable filter plate 141 can be tilted, allowing the air-lift device 16 at the bottom to release gas and continuously impact the surface of the movable filter plate 141, causing aged microorganisms on the filter plate to detach, preventing and delaying clogging. The movable filter plate 141 can be replaced with filter plates of different pore sizes depending on water quality (e.g., concentration of organic matter in the water).

[0046] The airlift device 16 may include a gas conduit connected to an air pump 112 in the control chamber unit. The airlift device 16 releases airflow from the conduit, mixing the water above it with the gas. When the filter media is spiral needle-punched media, the airflow propels the water flow spirally upwards around the shape of the spiral needle-punched media 136, while the water flow forms a vertical labyrinthine flow by contacting the external needle-like portions. This vertical labyrinth increases the uniformity of water-air mixing. Simultaneously, the water in the coarse filtration zone 13, through lateral and longitudinal movement, fully contacts the filter media (e.g., porous semi-soft media 135) and the spiral needle-punched media 136. Through the adsorption and degradation by the microbial community on the surface of the media and filter media, larger suspended particles in the water are removed, organic matter is initially degraded, and the water treatment effect is improved.

[0047] Referring to the description of the fine filtration zone 14 above, the airlift device 16 can optionally lay a pipe below the movable filter plate 141 to clean the filter plate 141. By adjusting the intensity of the air pump, the airflow intensity below the movable filter plate 141 can be higher than that below the coarse filtration zone 13. In this way, the dissolved oxygen requirement is met in the coarse filtration zone 13, and the movable filter plate 141 is rinsed in the fine filtration zone 14.

[0048] When water pump 111 starts, the water is enriched with dissolved oxygen by the airlift device 16. Under the action of aerobic bacteria in the filtration channel 133 and filter media 136 of the coarse filtration zone 13, some COD (chemical oxygen demand) is initially degraded and removed. Then, it passes through the fine filtration zone 14 to intercept particulate suspended impurities and remove ammonia nitrogen. The treated water is then pumped by water pump 111 and transported to the floating wetland module 20 through pipe A1 of the water circulation system 30.

[0049] Optionally, the wetland pretreatment module may also include an automatic flushing device 15, which includes a water pump 151, a control valve 152, and a high-pressure nozzle 153. The water pump 151 of the automatic flushing device may be located in the control compartment unit 11. The high-pressure nozzle 153 is configured to face the movable filter plate 141 to flush and clean the movable filter plate 141, thereby achieving a more thorough cleaning of the movable filter plate 141, preventing clogging of the filter plate 141, and reducing the frequency of manual maintenance.

[0050] The water is filtered through the coarse filtration zone 13 and the fine filtration zone 14, and then enters the water distribution mechanism of each floating wetland treatment module 20 through the water circulation system. The water inlet of the water circulation system is equipped with a pressure plate 18. One end of the pressure plate is connected to the upper end of the water inlet, and the other end extends downward to below the liquid surface to prevent air from entering the water inlet pipe.

[0051] Figure 4This is a structural schematic diagram of a floating wetland module of a floating wetland system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The following references... Figure 1-2 and Figure 4 The floating wetland module is described.

[0052] The floating wetland module 20 includes a floating element 21, a planting layer 22, a deep treatment layer 23, a water distribution mechanism 24, and an aeration and lifting mechanism 25. A buoyancy mechanism 26 may also be provided at the bottom of the floating wetland module 20 to provide additional buoyancy to the wetland.

[0053] The float 21 ensures the wetland floats on the water surface and can be made of buoyancy components such as hollow tubes of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and / or stainless steel. The float 21 can be located at the edge of the floating wetland module 20. The edge may include multiple independent buoyancy cavities 211, each separated by, for example, spacers 212, and the cavities can be made of hollow metal tubes. When a portion of the float 21 is damaged due to long-term use or accident, the damaged portion will not affect the buoyancy of other parts, ensuring buoyancy stability. Furthermore, this type of material has a long service life.

[0054] Below the floating component 21, a fixing component 214 may be included. The fixing component 214 can be used to secure the floating component 21 and the planting layer 22 in the water treatment area, giving the frame of the floating component 21 and the frame structure of the planting layer 22 strong resistance to wind and waves. In addition, a connector 215 can be provided on the fixing component 214, which can be used to connect multiple floating wetland modules together, allowing the floating wetland modules to be assembled into various shapes as needed.

[0055] The floating components 21 can form frame structures of various shapes, such as rectangles, trapezoids, triangles, and arcs, and can be assembled into various shapes according to the usage environment and landscape requirements. The frame structure used for the entire floating component 21 has strong wind and wave resistance and good wave-damping effect. More specific examples of the floating component 21 can be found below. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The description.

[0056] The planting layer 22 can be designed in various shapes, such as rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and fan-shaped, to match the floating components, depending on the usage environment and landscape requirements. Its height is lower than the floating components 21 to prevent water overflow. The planting layer 221 can use lightweight filamentous fillers such as coconut fiber, whose filamentous structure facilitates root expansion and penetration while reducing buoyancy pressure on the wetland. Figure 4As shown, the filler 222 of the planting layer 22 can be wrapped around the buoyancy frame 221 to form an integrated planting module. The planting area within the planting layer 22 can reach 100%, with high utilization rate, facilitating modular installation and providing significant buoyancy for the entire wetland. Various plants can be planted in the planting layer; for example, taller plants like canna lilies, water lilies, and Siberian irises can be planted in the middle layer, shorter plants like calamus can be planted in the second layer, and plants like shiitake mushrooms can be planted in the outermost layer, resulting in a good landscape effect. During their growth, the plants intertwine and interweave within the planting layer. Wrapped in the plant roots, the planting layer and roots form a stable structure. Through the root system's transport function, a certain amount of oxygen is provided to the subsequent water treatment layer, and organic matter is absorbed and degraded through the microbial flocs enriched on the roots.

[0057] The deep treatment layer 23 is located below the planting layer and the water distribution mechanism. The deep treatment layer can be divided into multiple treatment zones depending on the size of the floating wetland system. Adjacent treatment zones are separated by partitions 231, which also separate them from external water bodies. The partitions 231 can be made of sponge or high-density monolithic filter media. Each treatment zone can be filled with elastic packing material 232, such as hollow spherical or cylindrical packing material, the shape of which facilitates tumbling and collision. The packing material can fill more than half of the treatment zone's space, for example, it can occupy about four-fifths of the space. This arrangement allows water to flow through more of the packing material 232, rather than prematurely seeping out from the sides or flowing directly out from the bottom. The water flows slowly and evenly through the packing material 232, and a biofilm forms on the surface of the packing material to absorb and decompose organic matter in the water (such as COD, NH3-N, etc.), thus purifying the water. As the microorganisms proliferate, the biofilm thickens.

[0058] The water distribution mechanism 24 can be installed below the planting layer, introducing external water into the planting layer via a water pump 111 and pipe A1. Figure 1 As shown, the water distribution mechanism includes horizontal pipes 242 and vertical pipes 241 extending above the planting layer. Water is sprayed from the water distribution mechanism 242 and enters the planting layer, undergoing treatment successively through the planting layer and the deeper treatment layer below it before flowing out of the wetland. This water distribution method is beneficial for plant growth, oxygenates the water, and also provides a certain aesthetic appeal. The water distribution mechanism can also be configured in other ways, such as placing some pipes around or above the planting layer to distribute water via spraying or fountains.

[0059] The aeration and airlift mechanism 25 is located below the packing material. The aeration and airlift mechanism 25 includes a control valve 251 and gas pipelines. The aeration and airlift mechanism 25 can aerate the deep treatment layer through the gas pipelines to ensure a suitable growth environment for microorganisms inside the module. The control valve 251 controls whether the aeration and airlift device is vented. Simultaneously, to achieve the airlift function, a corresponding control valve can be installed for each treatment area of ​​the deep treatment layer, making the gas pipelines below each treatment area segmented and individually operable, thereby achieving a larger airlift flow rate. The gas pipelines can include at least two sets of gas pipelines 252 and 253 to respectively implement aeration and airlift functions. The gas pipelines 252 can be interconnected, and the gas pipelines 253 are segmented, with each segment equipped with a separate control valve, allowing each segment to be opened independently. The gas pipelines can also include main pipes and branch pipes to switch between aeration and airlift functions. Under normal operating conditions, the aeration and airlift mechanism 25 can operate in aeration mode to aerate and oxygenate the water. When cleaning of the packing material in the deep treatment layer is required, the control valve of the corresponding treatment area is opened, releasing air from the corresponding gas pipe to perform an airlift effect on that area. Under the airlift effect, the elastic packing material 232 tumbles and collides, accelerating the shedding of the aged biofilm on the elastic packing material 232, thereby continuously cultivating and growing new microorganisms. The shed microorganisms can be diffused throughout the water body through additional pipes. This achieves a deeper and more stable water treatment effect in the floating wetland module while preventing the packing material from becoming clogged.

[0060] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of a floating wetland module according to another embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Only the aeration and airlift mechanism is shown. Figure 4The embodiments shown differ, therefore only the different parts are described below, and the same parts are not repeated. The aeration and airlift mechanism 35 includes a control valve 353. The control valve 353 controls whether the aeration devices within each treatment zone are ventilated, facilitating the switching of the aeration and airlift functions of the aeration and airlift mechanism 35. The aeration and airlift mechanism 35 includes a main gas pipe 351 and gas branch pipes 352, and different control valves can be provided for the main gas pipe 351 and the gas branch pipes 352. The main gas pipe 351 is located below the packing material, with the main gas pipe 351 as the top and the gas branch pipes 352 inclined downwards to both sides to form a low-lying area between adjacent sets of branch pipes, while the main gas pipe 351 acts as a protruding part, thus forming an approximately "V"-shaped structure. The main gas pipe 351 has a smaller air outlet, and the gas branch pipes 352 have a larger air outlet. This design ensures more uniform gas release. When aeration is applied to the deep water treatment layer, the control valve of the main gas pipe opens, and air exits from the vent of the main gas pipe 351, aerating the entire deep water treatment layer. When the deep water treatment layer undergoes airlift, the control valves of the main gas pipes and branch gas pipes corresponding to the respective treatment areas open, while the control valves of other treatment areas close. Air is ejected from the main gas pipe 351 and branch pipe 352 within that treatment area, performing airlift on that area. Under airlift, the elastic packing material flows and tumbles, returning to the low-lying areas of the treatment zone upon falling. This cyclical movement ensures that all the elastic packing material in the area is in motion due to airlift, preventing some packing material from being confined to areas with minimal airlift, thus preventing anaerobic dead zones and improving the water treatment effect.

[0061] The buoyancy adjustment mechanism 26 includes an air bladder 261, an air inlet pipe 263 consisting of an air tube and a valve, and an air outlet pipe 262 consisting of an air tube and a valve. The air bladder 261 is fixed to the bottom of the floating wetland module. The buoyancy adjustment mechanism 26 controls the buoyancy of the floating wetland module by controlling the amount of air inside the air bladder. For example, when the liquid level of the floating wetland module is high (due to plant growth, increased microbial biomass, etc.), the buoyancy can be increased by the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 26, causing the floating wetland module to rise. The buoyancy adjustment mechanism 26 provides supplementary adjustment to the buoyancy of the floating components.

[0062] Figure 6 An example of a floating wetland module assembly structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 7 yes Figure 6 An enlarged view of section B is shown. (See attached image.) Figure 6As shown, six floating wetland modules 61 form a hexagonal modular wetland 60. This design is only illustrative; various different combinations of floating wetland modules can be assembled. A fountain or other landscaping element can be placed in the center of the modular wetland 60. A water intake point 321 for a water circulation system can also be placed in the center of the modular wetland 60, using a water pump to transport treated water to other locations. Each floating wetland module's floating component can have multiple buoyancy chambers 611. By splicing together floating chambers of different shapes and lengths, different shapes of floating wetland modules can be formed, and these different shapes can be further combined to create different architectural combinations. Because the floating wetland modules are modular, they are easily assembled and expanded as needed.

[0063] To accommodate various configurations, the buoyancy cavities 611 of the floating components of the floating wetland module can be connected via connecting flanges 612 and connecting plates 613. The buoyancy cavities 611 are connected to the connecting plates 613 via the connecting flanges 612. Adjacent connecting plates 613 can be pivotally connected via hinges, pins, or other structures 614, allowing adjustment of the included angle between adjacent buoyancy cavities 611 as needed, thereby adjusting the overall shape of the floating components. Adjacent floating wetland modules can be connected via chains 62, ensuring that fluctuations in water surface and water level do not cause the overall wetland system to disintegrate or be damaged.

[0064] Both the wetland pretreatment module 10 and the floating wetland module 20 adopt a modular design and construction. By using one wetland pretreatment module 10 in conjunction with one or more floating wetland modules 20, various shapes can be constructed, such as... Figure 2 or Figure 6 The example shown.

[0065] The water circulation system transports the water treated by the wetland pretreatment module 10 to the floating wetland module 20 for further treatment via pipe A1. The treated water can also be transported to other parts of the water body via pipe A2, making the water circulation of the entire water body more thorough. In addition, since the wetland pretreatment module 10 and the floating wetland module 20 float in the water, they can drift to other locations as needed.

[0066] The automated control system includes an automatic water quality adjustment unit and / or a liquid level adjustment unit. The automatic water quality adjustment unit intelligently controls the operating frequency f1 of the water pump 111 based on water quality parameters, thereby controlling its water flow rate, i.e., the system's water treatment capacity Q. This controls the relative residence time t of the water in the floating wetland system, achieving optimal treatment results. The liquid level adjustment unit can regulate the operation of the automatic flushing device 15 based on the liquid level inside and outside the filter unit of the wetland pretreatment module 10, and can also control the operation of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 26 based on the liquid level of the floating wetland module 20.

[0067] The automatic water quality adjustment unit sets up water quality monitoring point I at the inlet of the wetland pretreatment module 10, water quality monitoring point II after the water flow in the fine filtration zone 14, and water quality monitoring point III at the bottom outlet of the floating wetland module 20 to detect parameters such as COD, ammonia nitrogen (N), and dissolved oxygen (Do) in the water. First, the ammonia nitrogen (N) reduction ratio range between water quality monitoring points II and I (representing the treatment efficiency of the wetland pretreatment module 10) and the ammonia nitrogen (N) reduction ratio range between water quality monitoring points III and II (representing the treatment efficiency of the floating wetland module 20) are obtained under normal operating conditions. When the reduction ratio range at these two points is less than the set range under normal operating conditions, the water treatment capacity Q can be reduced; when the reduction ratio range is greater than the set range under normal operating conditions, the water treatment capacity Q can be increased.

[0068] The liquid level regulating unit measures the internal liquid level h1 and the external liquid level h2 of the fine filtration zone 14 by installing level gauges inside and outside the zone. When the difference between the internal and external liquid levels Δh is greater than the set value, it indicates that a blockage has occurred inside the fine filtration zone 14. In this case, the air lifting device 16 and / or the automatic flushing device 15 need to be activated to clean it. When the liquid level of the floating wetland module 20 is high (due to plant growth, increased microbial biomass, etc.), the buoyancy can be increased by adjusting the buoyancy regulating mechanism 26, causing the floating wetland module 20 to rise and ensuring safe use.

[0069] The following is Figure 1 The results of a field experiment on a river in Nanjing show the results of the floating wetland system of the embodiment, which uses a combination of one wetland pretreatment module and four floating wetland modules.

[0070]

[0071] Table 1. Experimental results expressed as ammonia nitrogen index (unit: mg / L)

[0072] The experimental results show that the overall ammonia nitrogen level in the river was 3-5 mg / L, which is considered a slightly polluted water body. After treatment, the average reduction in ammonia nitrogen level exceeded 1.5 mg / L, achieving excellent operational results.

[0073] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure, which is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A floating wetland system, comprising: The wetland pretreatment module includes, from the inside out, a control chamber unit, a buoyancy body, and a filtration unit. The control chamber unit includes an air pump and a water pump. One or more floating wetland modules, each floating wetland module including a floating element, a planting layer, a deep treatment layer, a water distribution mechanism, and an aeration and airlift mechanism, wherein the floating element is arranged around the planting layer and includes multiple individual buoyancy chambers; the deep treatment layer includes multiple treatment zones located below the planting layer, each treatment zone containing multiple water treatment packing materials; the aeration and airlift mechanism is connected to an air pump of the control chamber unit, capable of aeration and airlifting the water treatment packing materials in each treatment zone, causing the packing materials to tumble and collide with each other; and A water circulation system, comprising pipes connected to a water pump in the control chamber unit, transports water treated by the wetland pretreatment module to the water distribution mechanism of the one or more floating wetland modules. The wetland pretreatment module and the floating wetland module are floating in the water. The filtration unit of the wetland pretreatment module includes a coarse filtration zone and a fine filtration zone. The coarse filtration zone is located around the outermost perimeter of the wetland pretreatment module and includes filtration channels forming a labyrinthine channel. The fine filtration zone is located around the inner perimeter of the coarse filtration zone and includes multiple detachable filter plates. The wetland pretreatment module further includes an airlift device connected to the air pump and a gas pipe disposed below the coarse filtration zone. The coarse filtration zone includes spiral needle-punched filter media filled in the filtration channels, wherein the spiral needle-punched filter media has a spiral shape in the middle and is covered with needles on the outside of the spiral shape. When the airlift device releases gas into the coarse filtration zone, at least a portion of the gas and water flow spirals upward along the spiral needle-punched filter media, and the water flow forms a vertical labyrinthine water flow by contacting the outer needle-shaped portions. The airlift device further includes a pipe laid under the filter plate, and the intensity of the air pump is adjusted so that the airflow intensity under the filter plate is higher than that under the coarse filtration zone, so as to meet the dissolved oxygen requirement in the coarse filtration zone and to rinse the filter plate in the fine filtration zone.

2. The floating wetland system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the floating wetland system further includes an automated control system, which includes an automatic water quality adjustment unit, the automatic water quality adjustment unit determining the operating frequency of the water pump of the wetland pretreatment module based on the result of comparing the water quality obtained from the water quality monitoring points set in the wetland pretreatment module and the floating wetland module with a set range.

3. The floating wetland system as described in claim 1, wherein the airlift device is provided with a pipe below the fine filtration zone, the filter plate of the fine filtration zone is inclined, and the fine filtration zone is flushed when the control valve corresponding to the pipe of the fine filtration zone is opened.

4. The floating wetland system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the ends of the plurality of buoyancy cavities of the floating wetland module are connected to connecting plates via connecting flanges, and adjacent connecting plates are pivotally connected to each other to adjust the shape of the floating element.

5. The floating wetland system of claim 1, wherein the deep treatment layer is divided into the plurality of treatment zones by partitions, and the water treatment filler is an elastic filler, wherein in each treatment zone, the elastic filler fills one-half to four-fifths of the space.

6. The floating wetland system of claim 1, wherein the aeration and lifting mechanism comprises a double-layer pipe laid below the deep treatment layer, the first layer of pipes being interconnected, and the second layer of pipes comprising segmented pipes corresponding to each treatment area, each segmented pipe having its own control valve.

7. The floating wetland system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas pipeline of the aeration and lifting mechanism is laid below the entire deep treatment layer, including a main gas pipe and a branch gas pipe respectively connected to a control valve, and multiple main gas pipes and branch gas pipes are provided below each treatment area. The main gas pipes are arranged in parallel, and the branch gas pipes are located on both sides of the main gas pipes and extend downward at an incline. A "V"-shaped depression area is formed between adjacent branch gas pipes.

8. The floating wetland system as described in claim 1, wherein the floating wetland system comprises a plurality of floating wetland modules, adjacent floating wetland modules are interconnected to form a whole, floating in the water body, and the wetland pretreatment module transports the treated water to each floating wetland module.

9. The floating wetland system of claim 1, wherein the wetland pretreatment module further includes an automatic flushing device comprising a control valve and a high-pressure nozzle, the automatic flushing device being connected to the water pump of the control chamber unit, the high-pressure nozzle facing the filter plate of the fine filtration zone.

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