Cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure, a preparation method and application, and an anion exchange membrane and a catalyst layer binder based on the cationic polymer are prepared by using the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure; the introduction of the dibenzofuran structure forms a twisted skeleton of the cationic polymer, so that the cationic polymer has a large free volume; the anion exchange membrane prepared based on the cationic polymer has a high water absorption rate, thereby obtaining a high electrical conductivity. In addition, the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure improves the solubility of the cationic polymer and the gas permeability of the cationic polymer while maintaining good adhesion, mechanical properties and dimensional stability, thereby facilitating the application of the cationic polymer as a catalyst layer binder in the fields of anion exchange membrane fuel cells and water electrolysis.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of ionomer, in particular to a cationic polymer containing dibenzofuran structure and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fuel cell is a kind of high-efficiency and clean chemical power generation device, which can directly convert chemical energy (hydrogen, methanol, etc.) into electrical energy, and is one of the most concerned energy conversion devices at present. Among them, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell has the advantages of fast start and fast response to load change, and is paid more and more attention. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell uses a polymer electrolyte membrane as a solid electrolyte, which plays a role in separating the cathode and anode and conducting protons (H + ) or hydroxyl ions (OH - ), and is a key component in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell.

[0003] The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell can be divided into an acidic polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using a proton exchange membrane and an alkaline polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell using an alkaline anion exchange membrane according to the different ion conduction. Compared with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell has a series of unique advantages: due to its alkaline environment, the fuel cell has faster reaction kinetics, can use non-noble metal catalysts, and can use organic fuels such as methanol or ethanol which are convenient to transport. However, the anion exchange membrane in the prior art generally has the problem of low electrical conductivity. In addition, the cationic polymer currently used to prepare the catalyst layer binder for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell also has the problem of insufficient gas permeability, which is also an obstacle to the popularization and application of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Therefore, it is an urgent problem to be solved in the prior art to provide an ionomer with high electrical conductivity and good gas permeability. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a cationic polymer containing dibenzofuran structure and a preparation method and application thereof, the cationic polymer containing dibenzofuran structure provided by the present application has high water absorption and electrical conductivity of the prepared anion exchange membrane, and good gas permeability as a catalyst layer binder for a fuel cell.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present application provides a cationic polymer containing dibenzofuran structure, which has a structure as shown in formula I:

[0007]

[0008] x is any number between 0.01 and 1.00, y is between 0 and 0.99, 0.01≤x+y≤1.0, and when x+y=1, R 2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms;

[0009] n represents the degree of polymerization, n is an integer between 10 and 1,000,000;

[0010] each -Ar1- segment in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0011]

[0012] each -Ar2- segment in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures with cation:

[0013]

[0014] wherein each R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbon or aromatic hydrocarbon group having a carbon atom number between 1 and 15; R 4 is a quaternary ammonium cation selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0015]

[0016] wherein R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05 are independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon atom number between 1 and 10; the counterion A - is selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion;

[0017] each R 1 in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0018]

[0019] wherein p is an integer between 1 and 15;

[0020] each R 2 in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0021]

[0022] wherein R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 10; a counter anion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion;

[0023] each R in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: 3 each independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0024] each -Ar1- moiety in the formula I is preferably independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0025]

[0026] each -Ar2- moiety in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0027]

[0028] wherein: each R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 15; R 4 is a quaternary ammonium cation selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0029]

[0030] wherein, R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05 each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 10; a counter anion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion;

[0031] each R in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: 1 each independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0032]

[0033] each R in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: 2 each independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0034] the counter anion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion.

[0035] The present application also provides a preparation method of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure according to the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) mixing dibenzofuran, Ar1', Ar2", ketone monomer, first organic solvent and strong organic acid, and then performing polycondensation reaction to obtain halogen-terminated polymer precursor having structure shown in Formula II, and the reaction equation of the polycondensation reaction is shown in Formula III;

[0037] In Formula III of step (1), when y = 0, the addition amount of Ar1' as raw material is zero; in Formula III of step (1), when 1-x-y = 0, the addition amount of Ar2" as raw material is zero;

[0038] (2) mixing halogen-terminated polymer precursor having structure shown in Formula II obtained in step (1), second organic solvent and tertiary amine compound, and then performing substitution reaction to obtain cationic polymer containing dibenzofuran structure;

[0039]

[0040] In Formula II, Ar2' is an aromatic compound fragment with halogen atom, and is selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0041]

[0042] wherein each R' is independently selected from hydrocarbon group with carbon atom number of 1-15; X 4 is halogen atom, and is selected from one or more of Cl, Br and I;

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] In Formula III, X is halogen atom or hydrogen atom, X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are independently selected from halogen atom or hydrogen atom; when x+y = 1, X 1 , X 2 are not hydrogen atom at the same time;

[0046] Ar1' is aromatic compound, and has one or more of the following structures:

[0047]

[0048] Ar2" is halogen-containing aromatic compound, and has one or more of the following structures:

[0049]

[0050] wherein each R' is independently selected from hydrocarbon group with carbon atom number of 1-15; X 4halogen atom, selected from one or more of Cl, Br and I;

[0051] the tertiary amine compound in the step (2) is selected from one or more of wherein, R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05 are each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 10.

[0052] Preferably, the strong organic acid in the step (1) is at least one of methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0053] Preferably, the temperature of the polycondensation reaction in the step (1) is -20 to 100°C; and the time of the polycondensation reaction is 0.1 to 200 h.

[0054] Preferably, the temperature of the substitution reaction in the step (2) is 0 to 100°C; and the time of the polycondensation reaction is 0.1 to 1000 h.

[0055] The application also provides the application of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in the above technical solution as a catalyst layer binder for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0056] Preferably, before the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure is used as a catalyst layer binder for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell, the counterions in the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure are converted into other kinds of counterions as needed.

[0057] The application also provides the application of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in the above technical solution in the preparation of an anion exchange membrane.

[0058] Preferably, the method for preparing an anion exchange membrane by using the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure comprises the following steps:

[0059] dissolving or dispersing the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in a third organic solvent to obtain a solution or dispersion of the polymer;

[0060] coating the solution or dispersion of the polymer on a substrate, and then removing the solvent to obtain an anion exchange membrane;

[0061] the counterions in the anion exchange membrane are converted into other kinds of counterions as needed.

[0062] The application provides a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure, by introducing a dibenzofuran fragment into the main chain of the cationic polymer, due to the variable substitution position in the polymerization process, the formed polymer skeleton is twisted, so that the cationic polymer has high free volume and low main chain packing density, thereby improving the water absorption and conductivity of an anion exchange membrane prepared from the cationic polymer; in addition, the existence of the main chain twisted structure increases the gas permeability of the cationic polymer as a fuel cell catalyst layer binder, so that the reaction gas is more easily to reach the catalyst surface, thereby facilitating the occurrence of electrochemical reaction; and by using the high reactivity of the dibenzofuran monomer, the molecular weight of the cationic polymer can be increased and other monomers can be copolymerized to regulate the performance of the cationic polymer, so that the anion exchange membrane prepared from the cationic polymer has good mechanical properties, and a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure with excellent comprehensive performance is obtained; due to the twist of the main chain and the increase of the free volume caused by the dibenzofuran structure in the cationic polymer, the cationic polymer has excellent solubility, which can not only be dissolved in polar aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMSO and DMAc, but also can be dissolved in low-boiling-point solvents such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure improves the solubility and gas permeability of the polymer while maintaining good adhesion, mechanical properties and dimensional stability, thereby facilitating its application as a catalyst layer binder in the field of anion exchange membrane fuel cells and water electrolysis. By using the cationic polymer as an ionomer and a catalyst layer binder, better battery performance can be obtained. In addition, the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure also has excellent alkali resistance. Although dibenzofuran contains an aryl ether bond, it is generally believed that its introduction into the cationic polymer may be attacked by hydroxyl to cause degradation. However, since the benzofuran ring is a 6π electron conjugated system, it is not easy to be attacked by hydroxyl to cause the breakage of the ether bond, and it shows similar alkali resistance to other structures without aryl ether.

[0063] The results of the examples show that the PDFB-6-QA prepared by the application example 1 has higher water absorption and swelling rate, the chloride ion conductivity of the PDFB-6-QA reaches 52 mS / cm at 80℃, and the maximum power density of the membrane electrode composed of the PDFB-6-QA reaches 0.96 W / cm 2 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 The counter ion of the anion exchange membrane (denoted as PDFB-6-QA) prepared by the application example 1 is Cl - ;

[0065] Figure 2A graph showing the water absorption of PDFB-6-QA prepared in the application example 1 as a function of temperature;

[0066] Figure 3 A graph showing the swelling rate of PDFB-6-QA prepared in the application example 1 as a function of temperature;

[0067] Figure 4 A graph showing the chloride ion conductivity of PDFB-6-QA prepared in the application example 1 as a function of temperature;

[0068] Figure 5 A graph showing the electrochemical performance of PDFB-6-QA prepared in the application example 1 as a catalyst layer binder and an anion exchange membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] The present application provides a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure, having a structure as shown in Formula I:

[0070]

[0071] In Formula I, x is any number between 0.01 and 1.00, y is between 0 and 0.99, 0.01≤x+y≤1.0, and when x+y=1, R 2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms;

[0072] In Formula I, n represents the degree of polymerization, n is an integer between 10 and 1,000,000;

[0073] In Formula I, each-Ar1-fragment is independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0074]

[0075] In Formula I, each-Ar2-fragment is independently selected from one or more of the following structures with a cationic structure:

[0076]

[0077] wherein: each R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group with a carbon atom number between 1 and 15; R 4 is a quaternary ammonium cation, selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0078]

[0079] wherein, R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 10; a counter anion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion or a bicarbonate ion;

[0080] each R in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: 1 each independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0081]

[0082] wherein p is an integer between 1 and 15;

[0083] each R in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: 2 each independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0084]

[0085] wherein: R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05 each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 10; a counter anion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion or a bicarbonate ion;

[0086] each R in the formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: 3 each independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0087] In the present application, each -Ar1- fragment in the formula I is preferably independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0088]

[0089] In the present application, each -Ar2- fragment in the formula I is preferably independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0090]

[0091] wherein: each R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 15; R 4 is a quaternary ammonium cation selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0092]

[0093] wherein: R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05each independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number of 1 to 10; a counter ion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion;

[0094] In the present application, each R 1 preferably independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0095]

[0096] In the present application, each R 2 preferably independently selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0097] the counter ion A - selected from a halide ion, a hydroxide ion, or a bicarbonate ion.

[0098] In the present application, the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure preferably has one or more of the following structures:

[0099]

[0100] The present application also provides a preparation method of the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure as described in the above technical solutions, comprising the following steps:

[0101] (1) mixing dibenzofuran, Ar1', Ar2'', a ketone monomer, a first organic solvent, and an organic strong acid, and then performing a condensation reaction to obtain a halogen-terminated polymer precursor having a structure shown in Formula II, wherein a reaction equation of the condensation reaction is shown in Formula III;

[0102] In Formula III of the step (1), when y = 0, the addition amount of Ar1' as a raw material is zero; in Formula III of the step (1), when 1-x-y = 0, the addition amount of Ar2'' as a raw material is zero;

[0103] (2) mixing the halogen-terminated polymer precursor having a structure shown in Formula II obtained in the step (1), a second organic solvent, and a tertiary amine compound, and then performing a substitution reaction to obtain a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure;

[0104]

[0105] In the present application, Ar2' in Formula II is an aromatic compound fragment connected with a halogen atom, and is preferably selected from one or more of the following structures:

[0106]

[0107] wherein: each R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; X 4 is a halogen atom selected from one or more of Cl, Br and I.

[0108]

[0109] X in the formula III is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom, X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are independently selected from a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom; when x+y=1, X 1 , X 2 are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms;

[0110] In the present application, the Ar1' is an aromatic compound, preferably having one or more of the following structures:

[0111]

[0112] In the present application, the Ar2" is a halogen-attached aromatic compound, preferably having one or more of the following structures:

[0113]

[0114] wherein: each R' is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; X 4 is a halogen atom selected from one or more of Cl, Br and I.

[0115] The tertiary amine compound in the step (2) is selected from one or more of wherein, R 01 , R 02 , R 03 , R 04 and R 05 are independently selected from a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0116] In the present application, the strong organic acid is preferably at least one of methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0117] In the present application, the substance amount ratio of the ketone monomer and the strong organic acid is preferably 1: (1-20).

[0118] In the present application, the first organic solvent is preferably at least one of dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, nitromethane and nitrobenzene.

[0119] In the present application, the temperature of the polycondensation reaction is preferably -20-100°C; the time of the polycondensation reaction is preferably 0.1-200h.

[0120] After the condensation reaction is completed, the product of the condensation reaction is mixed with a first precipitant, and then solid-liquid separation, washing, and drying are sequentially performed to obtain a halogen-terminated polymer precursor having a structure represented by Formula II.

[0121] In the present application, the first precipitant is preferably at least one of water, ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol. The present application does not have a special limitation on the operation of solid-liquid separation, washing, and drying, and a technical solution well known in the art can be used.

[0122] After the halogen-terminated polymer precursor having a structure represented by Formula II is obtained, the halogen-terminated polymer precursor having a structure represented by Formula II, a second organic solvent, and a tertiary amine compound are mixed, and then a substitution reaction is performed to obtain a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure.

[0123] In the present application, the second organic solvent is preferably at least one of a polar aprotic solvent, more preferably dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, and N,N-dimethylacetamide.

[0124] In the present application, the molar ratio of the halogen-terminated group in the halogen-terminated polymer precursor having a structure represented by Formula II to the tertiary amine compound is 1:(1-10).

[0125] In the present application, the temperature of the substitution reaction is preferably 0-100°C, more preferably 0-60°C; and the time of the substitution reaction is preferably 0.1-200h, more preferably 2-48h, and further preferably 5-24h.

[0126] After the substitution reaction is completed, the product of the substitution reaction is mixed with a second precipitant, and then solid-liquid separation, washing, and drying are sequentially performed to obtain a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure.

[0127] In the present application, the second precipitant is preferably at least one of water, acetone, diethyl ether, toluene, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. The present application does not have a special limitation on the operation of solid-liquid separation, washing, and drying, and a technical solution well known in the art can be used.

[0128] The preparation method of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure provided by the present application has simple operation and mild reaction conditions, and is suitable for large-scale production.

[0129] The present application also provides the use of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in a catalytic layer binder for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0130] In the present application, the counter ion in the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure is preferably converted into other kinds of counter ions as needed before the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure is used as a catalyst layer binder for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0131] In the present application, the method for converting the counter ion in the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure into other kinds of counter ions preferably comprises the following steps: soaking the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure into a solution containing other kinds of counter ions, and then washing with deionized water to obtain a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure containing other kinds of counter ions.

[0132] In the present application, the other kinds of counter ions are preferably at least one of hydroxide ions, carbonate ions, bicarbonate ions, sulfate ions, and other halide ions different from A - In the present application, the solution containing other kinds of counter ions is preferably one of NaOH solution, KOH solution, Na2CO3 solution, K2CO3 solution, H2SO4 solution, NaHCO3 solution, and KHCO3 solution.

[0133] In the present application, the concentration of the solution containing other kinds of counter ions is preferably 0.01-10 mol / L.

[0134] In the present application, the soaking time is preferably 12-48 h, and the soaking temperature is preferably 30-50°C.

[0135] In the present application, the use of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure as a catalyst layer binder for an anion exchange membrane fuel cell to prepare a slurry of a catalyst layer binder containing a dibenzofuran structure preferably comprises the following steps: dissolving or dispersing the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in a fourth organic solvent to obtain a solution or dispersion of a catalyst layer binder; and then uniformly mixing the solution or dispersion of the catalyst layer binder with a catalyst to obtain a slurry of a catalyst layer binder containing a dibenzofuran structure.

[0136] In the present application, the fourth organic solvent is preferably a low-boiling organic solvent, and more preferably at least one of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and isopropanol. In the present application, the concentration of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in the slurry of the catalyst layer binder containing a dibenzofuran structure is preferably between 1-80 wt.%, more preferably 1-75 wt.%, and further preferably 1-40 wt.%.

[0137] The present application also provides the use of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure described in the above technical solutions in the preparation of an anion exchange membrane.

[0138] In the present application, the method for preparing an anion exchange membrane using the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure, preferably comprises the following steps:

[0139] dissolving or dispersing the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure in a third organic solvent to obtain a solution or dispersion of the polymer;

[0140] coating the solution or dispersion of the polymer on a substrate, and then removing the solvent to obtain an anion exchange membrane;

[0141] In the present application, the third organic solvent is preferably a polar aprotic solvent, and more preferably at least one of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N,N-dimethylformamide. In the present application, the substrate is selected from a glass plate or a polytetrafluoroethylene plate. In the present application, the method for coating is preferably solution casting, spin coating, blade coating, flow casting, or dip coating. In the present application, the method for removing the solvent is preferably volatilization at room temperature or heating and drying at 30-100°C.

[0142] In the present application, the method for converting the counter ion in the anion exchange membrane into a counter ion of another kind as needed, preferably comprises the following steps: immersing the anion exchange membrane into a solution containing a counter ion of another kind, and then washing with deionized water to obtain an anion exchange membrane containing a counter ion of another kind.

[0143] In the present application, the counter ion of another kind is preferably at least one of hydroxide ion, carbonate ion, bicarbonate ion, sulfate ion, and other halide ions different from A - In the present application, the solution containing a counter ion of another kind is preferably one of NaOH solution, KOH solution, H2SO4 solution, HCl solution, Na2CO3 solution, K2CO3 solution, NaHCO3 solution, and KHCO3 solution.

[0144] In the present application, the concentration of the solution containing a counter ion of another kind is preferably 0.01-10 mol / L.

[0145] In the present application, the immersion time is preferably 12-48 h, and the immersion temperature is preferably 30-60°C.

[0146] The technical solutions in the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the embodiments in the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0147] Example 1

[0148] Cationic polymers containing a dibenzofuran structure have the structure shown in formula (1-1):

[0149]

[0150] The preparation method of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure includes the following steps:

[0151] First, a bromine-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: dibenzofuran (0.36 g, 2.135 mmol), 8-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorooctane-2-one (0.58 g, 2.349 mmol), dichloromethane (2.1 mL), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (6.3 mL) were subjected to a polycondensation reaction in an ice bath at 0 °C for 10 h to obtain a viscous polymer solution. After the polycondensation reaction was completed, the product of the polycondensation reaction was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a pale yellow fibrous polymer. The polymer was then filtered, thoroughly washed, and vacuum dried to obtain 0.91 g of a white fibrous bromine-terminated polymer precursor.

[0152] The brominated polymer precursor was then dissolved in 14 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, and 2.5 mL of a trimethylamine solution (4.2 mol / L) was added. -1 After a substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours using an ethanol solution, the product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 0.98 g of a grayish-white fibrous cationic polymer with a structure of formula (1-1) containing a dibenzofuran structure.

[0153] Application Example 1

[0154] The cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 1 was dissolved in 10 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a polymer solution with a mass fraction of approximately 10%. After filtration, the polymer solution was coated onto a clean glass plate using a casting method. The glass plate was then placed in a forced-air drying oven at 80°C for 24 hours to remove the solvent. After the temperature cooled to room temperature, the glass plate was removed and placed in deionized water for membrane removal. After thorough washing with deionized water, an anion exchange membrane with a counter ion of Br- was obtained.

[0155] The counterion prepared above is Br - Anions in the anion exchange membrane are converted to Cl- through ion exchange as needed. - The steps are as follows: The counter ion is Br - The anion exchange membrane was immersed in 2 mol / L NaCl solution for 48 hours, and then thoroughly washed with deionized water to obtain an antiion membrane with Cl-. - Anion exchange membrane.

[0156] The counter ions of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 1 are converted into Cl by ion exchange as needed. - The steps are as follows: The cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 1 is immersed in a 2 mol / L NaCl solution for 48 h, and then thoroughly washed with deionized water to obtain an anti-counterion of Cl. - Catalytic layer binder.

[0157] Using DMSO-d6 as the deuterated solvent, the counterion prepared in Application Example 1 was detected as Cl under an Agilent 600MHz spectrometer. - The NMR spectrum of the anion exchange membrane (denoted as PDFB-6-QA) and the structural formula of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure shown in formula (1-1) are as follows. Figure 1 As shown; by Figure 1 It can be seen that PDFB-6-QA was successfully prepared.

[0158] Example 2

[0159] Cationic polymers containing a dibenzofuran structure have the structure shown in formula (1-2):

[0160]

[0161] The preparation method of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure includes the following steps:

[0162] First, a bromine-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: dibenzofuran (0.16 g, 0.924 mmol), p-terphenyl (0.26 g, 1.129 mmol), 7-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroheptane-2-one (0.56 g, 2.260 mmol), dichloromethane (1.0 mL), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (4.0 mL) were subjected to a polycondensation reaction in an ice bath at 0 °C to obtain a viscous polymer solution. After the polycondensation reaction was completed, the product of the polycondensation reaction was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a white fibrous polymer. The polymer was then filtered, thoroughly washed, and vacuum dried to obtain 0.88 g of white fibrous bromine-terminated polymer precursor.

[0163] The brominated polymer precursor was then dissolved in 13 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, and 2.3 mL of a trimethylamine solution (4.2 mol / L) was added. -1 After a substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours using an ethanol solution, the product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered and dried to obtain 0.93 g of grayish-white fibers and a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure as shown in formula (1-1).

[0164] Application Example 2

[0165] Following the method of Application Example 1, a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 2 was used to prepare a counterion with Br. - The anion exchange membrane used differs from Application Example 1 in that it uses 10 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0166] Following the method in Application Example 1, the counterion prepared above is Br - The anions in the anion exchange membrane are exchanged as needed to obtain counterions, such as Cl-. - Anion exchange membrane.

[0167] Following the method of Application Example 1, the counter ion of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 2 was obtained by ion exchange as needed, resulting in the counter ion being Cl. - Cationic polymers containing dibenzofuran structures, as counterions with Cl... - Catalytic layer binder.

[0168] Example 3

[0169] Cationic polymers containing a dibenzofuran structure have the structural formulas shown in formulas (1-3):

[0170]

[0171] The preparation method of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure is as follows:

[0172] First, a bromine-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: dibenzofuran (0.11 g, 0.677 mmol), 9,9-bis(6-bromohexyl)-9H-fluorene (0.50 g, 1.015 mmol), trifluoroacetone (0.21 g, 1.862 mmol), dichloromethane (2.5 mL), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (5.2 mL) were subjected to a polycondensation reaction at room temperature for 24 h to obtain a viscous polymer solution. After the polycondensation reaction was completed, the product of the polycondensation reaction was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a white fibrous polymer. Then, it was filtered and thoroughly washed, and vacuum dried to obtain 0.65 g of white fibrous bromine-terminated polymer precursor.

[0173] The brominated polymer precursor was then dissolved in 10 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, and 2.8 mL of a trimethylamine solution (4.2 mol / L) was added. -1 The substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours using an ethanol solution. The product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 0.72 g of a grayish-white fibrous cationic polymer with a structure of formula (1-3) containing a dibenzofuran structure.

[0174] Application Example 3

[0175] An anion exchange membrane having Br - as counter anion was prepared according to the method of Application Example 1 using the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 3; except that 7 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone was used instead of 7 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone in Application Example 1.

[0176] The anion of the anion exchange membrane having Br - as counter anion prepared above was exchanged as needed by ion exchange to obtain an anion exchange membrane having Cl - as counter anion.

[0177] The counter anion of the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 3 was exchanged as needed by ion exchange to obtain a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure having Cl - as counter anion, which was used as a catalyst layer binder having Cl - as counter anion.

[0178] Example 4

[0179] The cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure has a structural formula represented by Formula (9):

[0180]

[0181] The method for preparing the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure is as follows:

[0182] First, a bromo-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: dibenzofuran (0.11 g, 0.677 mmol), (7-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroheptane-2,2-diphenyl) biphenyl (1.34 g, 4.062 mmol), diphenyl (0.28 g, 2.031 mmol), trifluoroacetophenone (1.29 g, 7.448 mmol), dichloromethane (10.0 mL), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (10.0 mL) were subjected to polycondensation at room temperature for 24 h to obtain a viscous polymer solution, and after completion of the polycondensation, the polycondensation product was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a white fibrous polymer, which was then filtered and washed sufficiently, and after vacuum drying, 2.48 g of a white fibrous bromo-terminated polymer precursor was obtained.

[0183] The bromo-terminated polymer precursor prepared above was then dissolved in 47 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, and a solution of 5.2 mL of trimethylamine (4.2 mol L -1After the substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours, the product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered and dried to obtain 2.73 g of a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure represented by the formula (1-4) in the form of a grayish white fiber.

[0184] Example 4

[0185] An anion exchange membrane having Br - as a counter ion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 4; except that 27 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone was used.

[0186] The anions in the anion exchange membrane having Br - as a counter ion prepared above were exchanged as needed by ion exchange to obtain an anion exchange membrane having Cl - as a counter ion.

[0187] The counter ion of the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 4 was exchanged as needed by ion exchange to obtain a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure having Cl - as a counter ion, which was used as a catalyst layer binder having Cl - as a counter ion.

[0188] Example 5

[0189] The cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure has a structural formula represented by the formula (1-5):

[0190]

[0191] The cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure was prepared in the following manner:

[0192] First, a bromo-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: dibenzofuran (0.50 g, 3.000 mmol), 7-bromo-l, l, l-trifluoroheptan-2-one (0.74 g, 2.97 mmol), trifluoroacetone (0.03 g, 0.300 mmol), dichloromethane (10.0 mL) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (10.0 mL) were subjected to a polycondensation reaction at room temperature for 24 h to obtain a viscous polymer solution, and after the polycondensation reaction was completed, the product of the polycondensation reaction was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a white fibrous polymer, which was then filtered and washed sufficiently, and after vacuum drying, 1.05 g of a white fibrous bromo-terminated polymer precursor was obtained.

[0193] After the above bromo-terminated polymer precursor was dissolved in 35 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, 3.4 mL of a solution of trimethylamine (4.2 mol / L in methanol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 72 hours. After the substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours, the product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered and dried to obtain 2.73 g of a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure represented by the formula (1-4) in the form of a grayish white fiber.-1 After the substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours, the product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered and dried to obtain 1.23 g of a grayish white fibrous polymer, a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure represented by the formula (1-5).

[0194] Example 5

[0195] An anion exchange membrane having Br - as a counter ion was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 using the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 5; except that 12 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone was used.

[0196] The anions in the anion exchange membrane having Br - as a counter ion prepared above were ion-exchanged as needed to obtain an anion exchange membrane having Cl - as a counter ion.

[0197] The counter ion of the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 5 was ion-exchanged as needed to obtain a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure having Cl - as a counter ion, which was used as a catalyst layer binder having Cl - as a counter ion.

[0198] Example 6

[0199] The cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure has a structural formula represented by the formula (1-6):

[0200]

[0201] The cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure was prepared by the following steps:

[0202] First, a bromo-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: a condensation polymerization reaction was carried out at room temperature for 20 h using dibenzofuran (0.26 g, 1.544 mmol), 6-bromohexylcarbazole (0.24 g, 0.772 mmol), benzylidene (0.28 g, 1.544 mmol), 7-bromo-l, l, l-trifluoroheptan-2-one (1.14 g, 4.632 mmol), dichloromethane (2.4 mL) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (2.4 mL) to obtain a viscous polymer solution, after which the product of the condensation polymerization reaction was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a white fibrous polymer, which was then filtered and washed thoroughly, and dried in vacuo to obtain 1.79 g of a white fibrous bromo-terminated polymer precursor;

[0203] The brominated polymer precursor was then dissolved in 35 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, and 4.3 mL of a trimethylamine solution (4.2 mol / L) was added. -1 After a substitution reaction was carried out at room temperature for 72 hours using an ethanol solution, the product of the substitution reaction was slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 1.96 g of a grayish-white fibrous cationic polymer containing dibenzofuran with the structure shown in formula (1-6).

[0204] Application Example 6

[0205] Following the method of Application Example 1, a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 6 was used to prepare a counterion with Br. - The anion exchange membrane used differs from Application Example 1 in that it uses 19 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone.

[0206] Following the method in Application Example 1, the counterion prepared above is Br - The anions in the anion exchange membrane are exchanged as needed to obtain counterions, such as Cl-. - Anion exchange membrane.

[0207] Following the method of Application Example 1, the counter ion of the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 6 was obtained by ion exchange as needed, resulting in the counter ion Cl. - Cationic polymers containing dibenzofuran structures, as counterions with Cl... - Catalytic layer binder.

[0208] Example 7

[0209] Cationic polymers containing a dibenzofuran structure have the structural formulas shown in formulas (1-7):

[0210]

[0211] The method for preparing the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure comprises the following steps:

[0212] First, a bromine-terminated polymer precursor was prepared: dibenzofuran (0.26 g, 1.544 mmol), bibenzyl (0.42 g, 2.316 mmol), 7-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoroheptane-2-one (1.14 g, 4.632 mmol), dichloromethane (2.4 mL), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (2.4 mL) were subjected to a polycondensation reaction at room temperature for 20 h to obtain a viscous polymer solution. After the polycondensation reaction was completed, the product of the polycondensation reaction was slowly added dropwise to methanol to obtain a white fibrous polymer. The polymer was then filtered, thoroughly washed, and vacuum dried to obtain 1.47 g of white fibrous bromine-terminated polymer precursor.

[0213] The bromo-terminated polymer precursor was then dissolved in 26 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone, 0.92 g of quinoline ring solid was added, and the substitution reaction was carried out at 85°C for 7 days. The product of the substitution reaction was then slowly added to anhydrous diethyl ether, filtered, and dried to obtain 1.92 g of a grayish white fibrous cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure represented by Formula (1-7).

[0214] Example 7

[0215] An anion exchange membrane having Br - as the counter ion was prepared according to the method of Example 1 using the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 7; except that 19 mL of N-methylpyrrolidone was used instead of 26 mL.

[0216] The anions in the anion exchange membrane having Br - as the counter ion prepared above were ion-exchanged as necessary to obtain an anion exchange membrane having Cl - as the counter ion.

[0217] The counter ion of the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 7 was ion-exchanged as necessary to obtain a cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure having Cl - as the counter ion, which was used as a catalyst layer binder having Cl - as the counter ion.

[0218] The anion exchange membrane and catalyst binder prepared from the cationic polymer having a dibenzofuran structure prepared in Example 1, i.e., the anion exchange membrane having Cl - as the counter ion prepared in Example 1 (PDFB-6-QA), and the catalyst layer binder having Cl - as the counter ion prepared in Example 1, were tested to characterize their basic properties as follows.

[0219] (1) Water uptake and swelling ratio

[0220] The PDFB-6-QA was cut into two sizes, 1 cm x 5 cm and 1 cm x 8 cm, respectively, and dried in a vacuum oven at 80°C for 12 h. The dried membrane was weighed and recorded as m dry The dried membrane was then immersed in deionized water, and the membrane was removed every 12 h, the water on the surface of the membrane was wiped off, and the wet weight (m hyd ) of the membrane at different temperatures (30°C - 80°C) was recorded. The water uptake (WU) was calculated by the following equation:

[0221]

[0222] Swelling ratio (SR) is an important indicator for measuring the dimensional stability of a membrane, measured by the length (L) of the membrane in both dry and wet states. dry ) and L wet The calculation was performed to obtain the results.

[0223]

[0224] The water absorption rate of PDFB-6-QA prepared in Example 1 as a function of temperature is shown in the graph below. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the swelling ratio of PDFB-6-QA prepared in Example 1 as a function of temperature is plotted as follows. Figure 3 As shown, by Figure 2 and 3 It can be seen that the PDFB-6-QA membrane has a high water absorption rate and swelling rate, which may be due to the twisted main chain structure of the PDFB-6-QA membrane.

[0225] (2) Chloride ion conductivity

[0226] The four-electrode AC impedance method was used for measurement. PDFB-6-QA samples were cut into 1cm × 3cm strips, clamped in a fixture, and then placed in a water bath filled with pure water. Electrodes were installed, and the electrochemical workstation was connected. Under constant current mode (0.1mA), the scanning frequency range was 1MHz-100Hz. The frequency range where impedance was stable was found on the Bode curve, and the membrane resistance R was read from the corresponding curve. Here, R is the membrane resistance, L is the distance between the electrodes (1.0cm), w is the membrane width, and d is the membrane thickness. Ionic conductivity was calculated using the following formula:

[0227]

[0228] The chloride ion conductivity of PDFB-6-QA prepared in Example 1 as a function of temperature is shown in the graph below. Figure 4 As shown, by Figure 4 It can be seen that, at 80℃, the chloride ion conductivity of PDFB-6-QA reaches 52 mS·cm. -1 .

[0229] (3) Electrochemical performance

[0230] PDFB-6-QA prepared in Application Example 1 was used as the catalyst layer binder and anion exchange membrane. Pt / C was used as the cathode and anode catalysts, with a Pt loading of 0.5 mg / cm³ in both the anode and cathode. -2 MEA was prepared using CCM and tested in an H2-O2 fuel cell at 80°C with a gas flow rate of 300 mL / min. -1The back pressure was 150 kPa, and the relative humidity (RH) was 100%. The electrochemical performance of PDFB-6-QA prepared in Example 1 as a catalyst layer binder and anion exchange membrane was measured. (See figure below.) Figure 5 As shown, by Figure 5 It can be seen that the maximum power density of the film electrode composed of PDFB-6-QA reaches 0.96 W·cm⁻¹. -2 .

[0231] In summary, the PDFB-6-QA prepared by Example 1 of this invention exhibits high water absorption and swelling rates. At 80°C, the chloride ion conductivity of PDFB-6-QA reaches 52 mS·cm. -1 The membrane electrode composed of PDFB-6-QA achieved a maximum power density of 0.96 W·cm⁻¹. -2 Using the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure provided by this invention, anion exchange membranes and catalyst layer binders based on the cationic polymer were prepared. The introduction of the dibenzofuran structure forms a twisted skeleton of the cationic polymer, giving it a large free volume. This results in anion exchange membranes prepared based on the cationic polymer exhibiting high water absorption and thus high electrical conductivity. Furthermore, the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure maintains good adhesion, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability while improving the solubility and permeability of the cationic polymer, thereby facilitating its application as a catalyst layer binder in anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

[0232] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure, having a structure as shown in Formula I: Formula I; In Equation I, x is any value between 0.01 and 1.00, y is between 0 and 0.99, 0.01 ≤ x + y ≤ 1.0, and when x + y = 1, R 2 They are not both hydrogen atoms; In Equation I, n represents the degree of aggregation, and n is an integer between 10 and 1,000,000; Each -Ar1- segment in Formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: ； Each -Ar2- fragment in Formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following cationic structures: ； in: Each R′ is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group or an aromatic group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R 4 It is a quaternary ammonium cation, selected from one or more of the following structures: Among them, R 01 R 02 R 03 R 04 and R 05 Each is independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; counterion A - Selected from halide ions, hydroxide ions, or bicarbonate ions; In Equation I, each R 1 Independently selected from one or more of the following structures: Where p is an integer between 1 and 15; In Equation I, each R 2 Independently selected from one or more of the following structures: ； Where: R 01 R 02 R 03 R 04 and R 05 Each is independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; counter anion A - Selected from halide ions, hydroxide ions, or bicarbonate ions; In Equation I, each R 3 Independently selected from one or more of the following structures: .

2. The cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Formula I, each -Ar1- segment is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: ; Each -Ar2- segment in Formula I is independently selected from one or more of the following structures: ; Wherein: each R′ is independently selected from a hydrocarbon group or an aromatic group with 1 to 15 carbon atoms; R 4 It is a quaternary ammonium cation, selected from one or more of the following structures: Among them, R 01 R 02 R 03 R 04 and R 05 Each is independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; counterion A - Selected from halide ions, hydroxide ions, or bicarbonate ions; In Equation I, each R 1 Independently selected from one or more of the following structures: ； In Equation I, each R 2 Independently selected from one or more of the following structures: ; The counterion A - Selected from halide ions, hydroxide ions, or bicarbonate ions.

3. A method for preparing the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure as described in claim 1 or 2, comprising the following steps: (1) After mixing dibenzofuran, Ar1', Ar2'', ketone monomers, a first organic solvent and a strong organic acid, a polycondensation reaction is carried out to obtain a halogen-terminated polymer precursor with the structure shown in Formula II. The reaction equation for the polycondensation reaction is shown in Formula III. In step (1) Equation III, when y=0, the amount of Ar1' added as raw material is zero; in step (1) Equation III, when 1-xy=0, the amount of Ar2'' added as raw material is zero. (2) After mixing the halogen-terminated polymer precursor with the structure shown in Formula II obtained in step (1), the second organic solvent and the tertiary amine compound, a substitution reaction is carried out to obtain a cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure; Formula II; In Formula II, -Ar2'- is an aromatic compound fragment bonded with a halogen atom, selected from one or more of the following structures: ； Wherein: each R' is independently selected from hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 15 carbon atoms; X 4 It is a halogen atom, selected from one or more of Cl, Br and I; Formula III; In formula III, X is a halogen atom or a hydrogen atom. 1 X 2 and X 3 Each is independently selected from either halogen atoms or hydrogen atoms; when x+y=1, X 1 X 2 They are not both hydrogen atoms; Ar1' is an aromatic compound having one or more of the following structures: ； Ar2'' is an aromatic compound with a halogen bond, having one or more of the following structures: ； Wherein: each R' is independently selected from hydrocarbon groups with 1 to 15 carbon atoms; X 4 It is a halogen atom, selected from one or more of Cl, Br and I; The tertiary amine compound in step (2) is selected from... One or more of them, wherein R 01 R 02 R 03 R 04 and R 05 Each group is independently selected from hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the strong organic acid is at least one of methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature of the polycondensation reaction in step (1) is -20~100℃; the time of the polycondensation reaction is 0.1~200 h.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The temperature of the substitution reaction in step (2) is 0~100℃; the time of the substitution reaction is 0.1~1000 h.

7. The use of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure as described in claim 1 or 2 as a catalyst layer binder for anion exchange membrane fuel cells.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before using the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure as a catalyst layer binder for anion exchange membrane fuel cells, the counterions in the cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure are converted into other types of counterions as needed.

9. The use of the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure as described in claim 1 or 2 in the preparation of anion exchange membranes.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, A method for preparing anion exchange membranes using the cationic polymer containing a dibenzofuran structure includes the following steps: The cationic polymer containing the dibenzofuran structure is dissolved or dispersed in a third organic solvent to obtain a solution or dispersion of the polymer. A solution or dispersion of the polymer is coated onto a substrate, and then the solvent is removed to obtain an anion exchange membrane. The counter ions in the anion exchange membrane are converted into other types of counter ions as needed.

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